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Thanks for your choice of our diesel engine. We would like to provide an
excellent service for you and ask you to pay attention to the following items:
Please read manual carefully before operating the engine, so as to make
reliable operation, prolong the engine's working life, decrease the cost and
improve the economic efficiency.
A new engine or an overhauled engine should take a running-in period of
50 hours with light load (臆50% of load) and low speed (臆2000rpm) before
going to its normal working condition. Check the engine from time to time, fill
and replace the oil and oil filter cartridge and clean the screen filter timely.
Use clean fuel oil. Clean or replace the cartridge of fuel filter timely and
check for its soundness.
Check, clean and replace the cartridge of air filter and the inlet connecting
pipe. Make sure all are well air tight.
Don't use metal or other conduct items such as screwdriver to check the
generator condition. Otherwise it may lead to breakdown of some electric
elements.
After running 100 hours, the engine must be maintained through
dismantling the oil sump to check connecting rod bearings and tightening
torques of connecting rod and main bearing bolts.
Do not run the engine at idle speed continuously over 10 minutes.
In order to facilitate maintenance and spare parts servicing, please fill in
the model type and production number of the engine according to the
indications on the nameplate.
Model type院_________________________________
Production number院_________________________________
Points For Attention

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Summary of Contents for Xinchai 490B Series

  • Page 1 Points For Attention Thanks for your choice of our diesel engine. We would like to provide an excellent service for you and ask you to pay attention to the following items: Please read manual carefully before operating the engine, so as to make reliable operation, prolong the engine's working life, decrease the cost and improve the economic efficiency.
  • Page 2 Featuring direct combustion chamber, optimized valve train and advanced fuel injection system, the engines can meet the state requirements for emission and noise with good cold starting ability and low fuel consumption. 490B series engines can be widely used for 2 -3 ton fork lift, construction machineries, tractors and combine harvesters.
  • Page 3 INTRODUCTION Warning! Means it may be harmful to human Note! Means it may be harmful to engine. Remark! Means it is important but not harmful Fuel Engine preheating Coolant temperature Oil pressure Lubricating parts Necessary checks Showing tightening torque...
  • Page 4 CONTENTS The overall dimensions of 490B series diesel engines and the mountings Chapter 1 General description of the diesel engine 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎1 Chapter 2 Operation of the diesel engine 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎15 Chapter 3 Technical maintenance of the diesel engine 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎20 Chapter 4 Adjustment of the diesel engine 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎24 Chapter 5 Sketch maps for five main systems of the diesel engine 噎噎噎噎噎30...
  • Page 5: Chapter 1 General

    Chapter 1 General Description of Diesel Engine 1.1 Engine Model Types and Serial Numbers 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎2 1.2 Engine Performance Curves 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎2 1.3 Engine Technical Performance Data 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎5 1.4 Main Characteristic Data 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎7 1.5 Overall Dimensions of Diesel Engine 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎8 窑 窑...
  • Page 6 1.1 Model Types and Serial Numbers The nameplate is on the top of the cylinder head cover. Before asking for maintenance or parts service, please look up the relative information indicated in the nameplate. The Position of Serial Number of the Block院 The stamped serial number is under the left side of the exhaust pipe and by the side of the flywheel.
  • Page 7 490BPG 490BT A490BPG C490BPG 窑 窑...
  • Page 8 C490BT C490BG 窑 窑...
  • Page 9 1.3 Engine Technical Performance Data Usage type Cars Forklifts Model 490B 490BPG A490BPG B490BPG C490BPG in -line, water cooled, 4 -stroke, direct injection 棕_shaped Type combustion chamber (Ring -like platform combustion chamber for A490BPG尧C490BPG) No. of cylinders - bore - 4原90原100 4原90原100 4原90原100...
  • Page 10 Construc鄄 Usage type Tractors Generators tion machineries Model 490BT B490BT C490BT 490BD C490BG in -line, water cooled, 4 -stroke ,direct injection 棕_shaped Type combustion chamber ( Ring -like platform combustion chamber for C490BT尧C490BG) No. of cylinders - bore - 4原90原100 4原90原105 4原90原105 4原90原100...
  • Page 11 1.4 Main Characteristic Data 1尧 Timing (in terms of crankshaft angle) Intake valve open: 11毅before top dead center. Intake valve close: 41毅after bottom dead center Exhaust valve open: 49毅before bottom dead center. Exhaust valve close: 11毅after top dead center. Cold valve clearance intake valve 0.35mm exhaust valve 0.45mm 2尧...
  • Page 12 1.5 Overall Dimensions of Diesel Engine 490B Intake side view Front view ( with fan) Exhaust side view Rear view 窑 窑...
  • Page 13 490BPG Intake side view Front view (with fan) Exhaust side view Rear view ( with clutch) 窑 窑...
  • Page 14 490BT Single Pump Intake side view Front view (with fan) Exhaust side view Rear view ( with clutch) 窑 窑...
  • Page 15 490BT Double Pump Intake side view Front view (with fan) Exhaust side view Rear view (with clutch) 窑 窑...
  • Page 16 C490BPG院 窑 窑...
  • Page 17 C490BT院 窑 窑...
  • Page 18 C490BG院 窑 窑...
  • Page 19: Chapter 2 Operation Of The Diesel Engine

    Chapter 2 Operation of the Diesel Engine 2.1 Preparation for the First Operation of the Diesel Engine 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎16 2.2 Starting of the Diesel Engine 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎17 2.3 Operation of the Diesel Engine 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎17 2.4 Shutting Down of the Diesel Engine 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎18 2.5 Attentions for Engine Operation噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎18 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎18 2.6 Working Media...
  • Page 20 2.1 Preparation for the first Operation of the Diesel Engine 1冤尧 Fill the oil Generally, there's no oil filled in the engine when it is off the line. Customer should fill the oil by himself before operating the engine. When filling oil, please open the cover of the oil filling port on the cowl of the cylinder head first, take out the oil gauge, then fill the oil and check the oil level with the gauge.
  • Page 21 The oil level shall be between the upper and lower marked line 2.2 Starting of the diesel engine 1冤尧 Put the speed control lever at its middle speed position. 2冤尧 Loose the vent screw on the fuel filter, press the hand fuel supply pump several times to release the air trapped in the fuel system.
  • Page 22 temperature goes up to 80毅C. 2冤尧 Load and speed should be increased and decreased smoothly. Generally speaking, it is not allowed to be changed abruptly. 3冤尧 During the operation of the engine, constantly watch the readings of the gauges on the control board to see whether they show normal values.
  • Page 23 2尧 Diesel fuel Customers can choose the light diesel fuel according to the actual ambient temperatures at their local places. 3尧 Coolant Special coolant is needed for some vehicles. In that case, use coolant according to the requirement of the vehicles. For general purposes, use cooling water which meets certain requirements.
  • Page 24: Chapter 3 Technical Maintenance Of The Diesel Engine

    Chapter 3 Technical Maintenance of the Diesel Engine .1 Maintenance Tools 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎21 3.2 Maintenance Periods噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎21 3.3 Technical Maintenance in winter 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎23 3.4 Storage for the Engine 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎23 窑 窑...
  • Page 25 3.1 Maintenance Tools Hexagon wrench Spanner handle Valve clearance gauge Assembling and dismantling tool for spin-on filter 3.2 Maintenance Periods These maintenance periods are suitable for general situation, if maintenance is required for the vehicles (cars, forklifts, tractors and so on) the shorter maintenance period is applied.
  • Page 26 1援 Same as the Daily Maintenance. 2援 Clean deposited dust on the cartridge of air filter and dust bin. Renew the oil in the ail filter. 3援 Check and adjust the tightness of fan belt. Grade 1 4援 Fill the grease lubricant to the water pump bearing ( except the shaft-connecting water pump).
  • Page 27 3.3 Technical maintenance in winter 吟 Please pay special attention to maintenance of the engine when the temperature is below 5 益. 1尧 Oil and fuel for winter application should be used. Closely watch water content in the fuel to avoid fuel pipes being plugged. 2尧...
  • Page 28: Chapter 4 Adjustment Of The Diesel Engine

    Chapter 4 Adjustment of the diesel engine 4.1 Tightening Sequence of Cylinder Head Bolts 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎25 4.2 Checking and Adjustment of Driving Belt 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎25 4.3 Notes about Thermostat 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎25 4.4 Adjustment of Starting Motor 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎26 4.5 Adjustment of Generator噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎26 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎26 4.6 Expelling Air from Fuel System 4.7 Maintenance of Air Filter 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎26 4.8 Draining Out Coolant 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎27 4.9 Renewing Spin-on Fuel Filter 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎27...
  • Page 29 4.1 Tightening Sequence of Cylinder Head Bolts The cylinder head is fixed on the cylinder block with cylinder head bolts. When tightening these bolts, torque wrench should be used and the specified tightening torque value should be reached step by step following the tightening sequence shown in the figure. If the cylinder head has been dismantled and remounted, the engine should be shut down and the cylinder head bolts should be re -tightened to the specified tightening torque as well as the valve clearances should be re-adjusted after the engine is warmed up in its first...
  • Page 30 4.4 Adjustment of Starting Motor The voltage of starting motor is 12v, power is 2.5kw. It is electro -magnetically controlled and mechanically driving. When starting an engine, put on the main switch and press down the start push button, and the engine will start to work. If it fails to start, wait till the starting pinion returns to its original position and stands still before trying the second time.
  • Page 31 4.8 Draining Out Coolant 银Note: the coolant should not be drained when the engine is still hot and the system is still pressurized. It's very dangerous to drain the coolant under high temperature and high pressure. 1尧 Make sure that the vehicle or the machine is standing horizontally. 2尧...
  • Page 32 The method of adjusting valve clearances is as follows: 1尧 Take off the cylinder head cover, check and fasten the bolts which hold the rocker bracket. 2尧 Turn round the crankshaft until the first piston is at its top dead center when the mark at the observing window on the flywheel housing is just in line with the "0"mark on the flywheel, or the indicating pin on the gear housing cover is just pointing to the "0"...
  • Page 33 4.12 Adjustment of Injection Timing In order to get the lowest fuel consumption rate and good performance, it's necessary to adjust the injection timing. The method of adjusting injection timing is as follows: 1尧 Release the air trapped in the fuel system. Repeatedly turn the crankshaft to and fro to fill up the injection pump with fuel.
  • Page 34: Chapter 5 Sketch Maps For Five Main Systems Of The Diesel Engine

    Chapter 5 Sketch Maps for Five Main Systems of the Diesel Engine 5.1 Fuel System 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎31 5.2 Lubricating System 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎31 5.3 Cooling System 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎32 5.4 Gear train System噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎32 5.5 Electrical System 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎34 窑 窑...
  • Page 35 5.1 Fuel System Fuel tank Low Pressure pipe Leak-off tube Fuel Filter Fuel injection pump High pressure pipes Injectors 5.2 Lubricating System 1-Strainer 2-Oil Sump 3-Oil Pump 4-Connecting Rod Bearings 5-Oil Filter 6-Gear Train 7-Oil Pressure Gauge 8-Valve Rocker Arms 9- Push Rods and Tappets 10- Valve Rocker Arm Shaft 11-Valves 12-Camshaft 13-Oil Galleries 14-Crankshaft 窑...
  • Page 36 5.3 Cooling System Radiator Water pump Water passage Outside of the Cylinder head cylinder head Front of the cylinder head Thermostat Flow chart of the cooling system 5.4 Gear Train System 490B 1-Crankshaft timing gear 2-Injection pump timing gear 3-Timing idle gear 4-Camshaft timing gear 窑...
  • Page 37 490BPG尧A490BPG尧B490BPG尧C490BPG 1-Camshaft timing gear 2-Timing idle gear 3-Injection pump timing gear 4-Crankshaft timing gear 5- Bridge gear 6-Hydraulic pump gear 1- Hydraulic pump gear 2- Camshaft timing gear 3- Timing idle gear 4- Injection pump timing gear 5- Crankshaft timing gear 490BT尧B490BT尧C490BT渊Single Pump冤...
  • Page 38 1-Front hydraulic pump gear 2- Camshaft timing gear 3- Timing idle gear 4- Injection pump timing gear 5- Rear hydraulic pump gear 6- Crankshaft timing gear 490BT尧B490BT尧C490BT渊Double Pump冤 5.5 Electric System 1 -Battery 2 -Starting Moor 3 -Wire 4 -Preheating Plugs 5 -Starting and Preheating Switch 6-Amperemeter 7-Main Switch 8-Regulator 9- Generator 窑...
  • Page 39: Chapter 6 Engine Trouble Shooting

    Chapter 6 Engine Trouble Shooting 6.1 Engine Fails to Start噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎36 6.2 Abnormal Oil Pressure 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎37 6.3 High Black Exhaust Smoke 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎38 6.4 Blue Exhaust Smoke噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎39 6.5 High White Exhaust Smoke 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎39 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎40 6.6 Insufficient Power 6.7 Abnormal Noise噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎42 6.8 Severe Vibration 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎44 6.9 Engine Over-Heated 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎44 6.10 High Oil Consumption 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎45 6.11 Speed Going Up Out of Control 噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎噎46...
  • Page 40 Replace the gasket and fasten bolts head gasket Fault in piston ring Renew, clean and adjust Low temperature and too Pre-warm the engine and use specified oil high oil viscosity Faults in injection timing Check and adjust Contact with Xinchai service station 窑 窑...
  • Page 41 Pre-warm the engine and use specified oil viscosity No oil reaches rocker arm, oil passage blocked in cylinder Clean and make the oil passage through head or in rocker arm bracket Contact with Xinchai service station 窑 窑...
  • Page 42 Check valve clearance, valve sealing band and or valve leak valve spring force and eliminate all troubles. Uneven injection Adjust injection quantity of every cylinder Intake pipe and air filter Clean or change air filter are blocked Contact with Xinchai service station 窑 窑...
  • Page 43 Clean or change piston rings chamber Oil level too high Drain out excessive oil Wrong installation of rings The side marked with “up” should face upward Contact with Xinchai service station 6.5 High white exhaust smoke Cause of trouble Remedies Too small advance angle...
  • Page 44: Insufficient Power

    6.6 Insufficient power Cause of trouble Remedies Air filter chocked Clean or change it Fuel filter or filter screen of Clean or replace fuel supply pump chocked Uneven injection Adjust to make even Low compression pressure or Check and repair injection pump elements poor atomization Incorrect injection timing Adjust as specified...
  • Page 45 Loosed cylinder head bolts Tighten with specified torque Change copper washer, clean injector Gas leak through injector hole sleeve, evenly tighten injector fixing nuts Contact with Xinchai service station 窑 窑...
  • Page 46: Abnormal Noise

    6.7 Abnormal noise Cause of trouble Remedies Too big injection advancing angle resulting in rhythmic metallic Re-adjust injection timing knocking sound Nozzle dripping or seized needle Clean, repair or change needle valve valve Too big valve clearance resulting Adjust valve clearance in clear rhythmic knocking sound Piston and valve impinging resulting in rumbling even...
  • Page 47 A light and sharp sound can be heard especially during idle speed Sound resulting from too big clearance in crankshaft thrust bearing. An Change crankshaft thrust bearing impinging sound of crankshaft axially moving to and fro can be heard Contact with Xinchai service station 窑 窑...
  • Page 48: Severe Vibration

    Check and tighten fixing bolts loose mounting fixing bolts Check injection timing. Don’t take load until engine Knocking inside cylinder gets warmed up Contact with Xinchai service station 6.9 Engine over-heated Cause of trouble Remedies Inferior combustion due to over Find out the cause of trouble;...
  • Page 49 Check and replace related parts sump seal or cylinder head rear cover gasket Too high oil temperature Reduce oil temperature; check and adjust limiting resulting in evaporation pressure valve of oil pump and severe splash Contact with Xinchai service station 窑 窑...
  • Page 50 Seized delivery valve of injection pump or governor fly-ball holder, or Repair or replace broken plunger spring Contact with Xinchai service station 窑 窑...
  • Page 51 Water leak through faulty Change cylinder head gasket cylinder head gasket block or cylinder head Water leak through faulty cylinder block or cylinder Check and repair head Seized injector Check and repair Contact with Xinchai service station 窑 窑...
  • Page 52: Appendix1 Special Parts List

    Appendix1 Special Parts List 490BPG Name Part No. Q’ty Oil pipe 490BPG-02100 Bracket(right) 490BPG-15100 Bracket(lift) 490BPG-15200 Bracket(right) 490BPG-15100-1 Bracket(lift) 490BPG-15200-1 Pump timing gear 490BPG-02003 Timing idle gear 490BPG-02006 Crankshaft timing gear 490BPG-02007 Camshaft timing gear 490BPG-02009 Cover 490BPG-16001 Gasket 490BPG-16002 Timing gear housing 490BPG-16003 Gasket...
  • Page 53 490BT Name Part No. Q’ty Charging generator 490BT-52000 Fixing bracket 490BT-03300 Oil dipstick pipe 490BT-07300 Bolt 490BT-07800 Injector leak-off pipe 490BT-25100 Fuel tube from filter cup to supply 490BT-25400 pump and injection pump Adjusting lever for generator 490BT-53100 Camshaft bushing 490BT-01007 Rear camshaft bushing 490BT-01008...
  • Page 54 Oil sump gasket 490BT-07004 Main oil sump 490BT-07106 Gasket 490BT-07302 Elbow 490BT-08003 Intake pipe 490BT-09002 Intake manifold gasket 490BT-09004 Flywheel housing 490BT-13001 Flywheel housing gasket 490BT-13002 Flywheel housing plug screw 490BT-13008 Side bracket 490BT-15001 1(pair) Cover 490BT-16001A Gasket 490BT-16002 Gear housing 490BT-16003 gasket 490BT-16005...
  • Page 55 A490BPG Name Part No. Cylinder head A490B-03101 Press plate A490B-03016 WasherM10 GB/T849-1988 Oil seal 498B-03016 Sleeve tube A490B-03109 Piston A490B-04001 Cylinder head cover A498B-11001 Rubber pad A498B-11002 Stud M10 50 GB/T899-1988 Injector lead-off pipe A490B-25100 Cylinder high pressure fuel tube A490B-23000 Fuel injector F019103006...
  • Page 56 B490B Name Part No. Q’ty Cylinder body B490B-01001 Cylinder liner B490B-01005 Piston B490B-04001 Crankshaft B490B-05004 Push rod B490B-06003 Main bearing cover 495B-01032A Rear main bearing cover 495B-01023A Upper thrust bushing 495B-01026A Lower thrust bushing 495B-01022A Upper half ,main bearing 495B-01034A Lower half ,main bearing 495B-01033A C490B...
  • Page 57: Appendix2 Specification Of Main Auxiliaries

    Appendix2 Specification of Main Auxiliaries Starting Motor Lubricating Oil Pump Model QDJ1315X Rotor JBZ5040 Power kW Flow Rate L/min 29(1500r/min) Voltage V Charging Generator Injection Pump Model JF131A/JF11A 4Q130T/41W247A Power kW Voltage V Injector PF68S4 Nozzle Hole Diameter Fuel filter CX7085 0.28 Opening...
  • Page 58: Appendix 3 Outsourcing Parts List

    Appendix 3 Outsourcing Parts list Part Manufacturer YIZHENG SHUANG HUAN PISTON RING CO.,LTD piston ring NANJING FEIYAN PISTON RING CO.,LTD piston SHANDONG BINZHOU BOHAI PISTON CO.,LTD main bearing, connecting HANGZHOU XINDA SLIDING BEARING CO.,LTD. rod bearing SHIJIAZHUANG DIAMONDBUSH BEARING CO.,LTD intake and exhaust valve HANGZHOU VALVE CO.,LTD cylinder liner...
  • Page 59 Memoire ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 窑 窑...
  • Page 60 Memoire ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 窑 窑...

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