ENERGY investment ™ TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 K500 Automatic Hydroheater – General Information ........5 1.1 your smart ENERGY investment™ ............. 5 1.2 Purpose of the Manual ................5 1.3 Principles of Direct Steam Injection (DSI) ..........5 1.4 How the K500 Works ................6 1.5 Model Number Designation, Dimensions and Capacities .......
1.3 Principles of Direct Steam Injection (DSI) The K500 is a direct steam injection heater that heats fluids or slurries by mixing steam directly with the product. This method provides rapid steam condensation to transfer heat to the product safely, quickly and accurately.
Direct steam injection does not require a complicated condensate return system, and since the K500 is internally modulated, there is no requirement for an external steam control valve. For these two reasons, and the simple system requirements detailed in Section 3.0, the K500 is easy to implement and provides an enhanced cost benefit.
ENERGY investment ™ Figure 1: How the K500 Hydroheater Works 1.5 Model Number Designation, Dimensions and Capacities 1.5.1 Explanation of Model Numbers The last two digits of the model number indicate the size of the Hydroheater. Table 1: Explanation of Model Numbers...
1.6 Application Criteria 1.6.1 Industries and Products The K500 Hydroheater is a versatile direct steam heater that can be used to replace heat exchangers and/or spargers in many situations. These heaters fit into industrial sustainability initiatives by using less water, all of the steam’s energy and they heat precisely using up to 30% less energy than other traditional fluid heating devices.
Steam turndown is a function of both liquid turndown and a variance in discharge temperature. Sizing Example 2: The system in Example 1 uses a K500 Hydroheater® to raise the temperature of river water to 120° F [49°C]. In the winter, the river water is 40°F [4.4°C], so the K500 heats the water 80°F [27°C].
The K500 is not designed to provide tight shutoff of steam flow. If the heater or its associated piping is to be disassembled in any way, the steam supply should be isolated from the K500 by closing a steam shutoff valve located on the steam line upstream of the K500.
2.2 Specific Safety WARNING - If the K500 or its associated piping is to be disassembled, the steam supply should be isolated from the unit by closing a steam shutoff valve located on the steam line upstream of the unit.
CAUTION - Only use K500 for the intended purpose of heating appropriate liquids and slurries. CAUTION - If you require assistance, or if your K500 cannot be installed in accordance with these recommendations, please contact Hydro-Thermal Technical Service, toll-free at 1-800-952-0121 or +1 (262) 548-8900 or info@hydro-thermal.com.
Piping surrounding the K500 should be adequately mounted, yet allow for thermal expansion. A possible rigid mounting configuration is shown in Figure 5 below. CAUTION - The K500, like any fluid heating device, must be properly secured with rigid support for process instability conditions.
CAUTION - It is necessary to install a properly rated shutoff valve on the steam inlet piping to the K500. The heater does not meet class IV shutoff guidelines. A pressure gauge should be installed downstream of the check valve. It is necessary to read this pressure in order to properly adjust the heating system.
Bends, elbows, and tees must not occur for at least ten pipe diameters downstream of the K500. Thereafter, piping bends should be minimized, large radius bends should be used, and gradual, concentric pipe size transitions should be used because these disturbances typically propagate steam flashing and process instability.
™ If the K500 discharges to atmospheric pressure (e.g. into a tank or open vessel), the piping should be arranged to assure the system piping is flooded at all times. A flow control valve can be located in the discharge piping; however, it is important that the discharge pressure does not exceed the limits given in Section 1.7.
The loop controller output manages the K500 position, metering flow into the process to maintain the set point temperature. Discrete inputs to enable or disable operation can be based on various operating criterion;...
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Should be installed on all three connection lines to the K500. The gauges should be installed between any valves, reducers, etc. and the heater to assure the gauge pressure is equal to the pressure at the K500. It is important to Page 25 of 87 K500 Auto Hydroheater –...
3.4.4 K500 Control Characteristics The K500 is a precise and repeatable temperature control device. Successful operation of the K500 is dependent upon the design, installation, and tuning of its instrumentation loop. The K500 has been designed for specific process conditions and needs to be operated within these circumstances in order to assure smooth operation.
Depending upon system control complexity, this may take several forms: Rapidly close the K500 when a loss of flow signal or high temperature alarm is reached. Generally, a K500 utilizing a positioner can close within 2-10 seconds.
™ Figure 11: Logic for Closing the Steam Valve Note -It is very important that the K500 control system be designed to ramp the heater to set point from a fully closed position upon startup. 4.0 Operation CAUTION - Make sure K500 is properly installed and calibrated before use.
Blow down steam line so that dirt, welding residue and other contaminants do not enter the steam line or K500. Begin with the steam strainer blow down valve. This will purge debris from the strainer. Then, open the blow down valve on the bottom of the drip leg to purge the drip leg.
K500. In control mode - gradually increase the output (in 5% increments) to a targeted temperature. Allow the K500 to maintain temperature for the amount of time needed to clean the system. In manual control, lower the output to 0%.
In some applications, the K500 is installed in piping where the process fluid is circulating, but there is no call for heat. The K500 heater is not rated as a tight shutoff, so the steam shut-off valve should be closed. This protects the seals and internal components which otherwise would wear rapidly.
™ 5.2 Rough Operation If condensate is not purged out of the steam supply line to K500, operation will be rough. The unit should have a drip leg and a condensate trap to supply dry steam to the K500.
5.3 Excessive Temperature Variation The temperature sensor should be verified for its position, function, and connection. The temperature sensor is maybe located too far downstream from the K500. Refer to section 3.3 for guidelines on properly installing temperature sensor. PID control parameters should be reviewed relative to the response time of the heater, actuator position and the temperature changes and thereafter the parameters optimized.
It is recommended having spare internals on hand prior to disassembling 6.2.1 Signs of Wear The K500 may exhibit wear on the stem plug, combining tube or seals. Wear on the stem plug may appear as scratches, gouges or pitting. A small amount of wear may not interfere with operation, but significant wear may prematurely wear the stem plug seals, and/or packing material which may cause the unit to leak externally.
7.2 Complete Disassembly Periodically, a Hydroheater will require a full disassembly and rebuild. The following section details step-by-step instructions to completely disassemble a K500 Series heater in preparation for rebuild. Hydro-Thermal strongly suggests having a seal kit available prior to disassembly.
ENERGY investment ™ 9.0 Bench Setting of K500 Hydroheater Actuator & Positioner The purpose of this procedure is to ensure proper adjustment of the actuator and correct calibration of the positioner. This will ensure proper travel of the actuator, proper seat force of the plug into the nozzle, and the proper control characteristics of the hydroheater.
™ 9.2 Positioners A positioner can be mounted onto the K500 Hydroheater in order to better control steam flow and ultimately temperature. There are many types of positioners that are compatible with the K500 Hydroheater. Sections 9.3, 9.4, and 9.5 give instructions on how to install and calibrate the most common kinds.
™ Appendix D: Table of Tables Table 1: Explanation of Model Numbers .............. 7 Table 2: Application Examples for the K500 Hydroheater ........9 Table 3: Maximum Water Pressure ..............11 Table 4: Min Water Discharge Pressure ............. 12 Table 5: K500 Dimensions ................13 Table 6: Approximate weight and general flow rate capacities ......
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