Page 1 DGPS MAX Reference Manual Part Number 875-0034-001 Date: March 2004...
Page 2 CSI Wireless Inc. Trademarks The CSI Wireless logo and COAST™ are trademarks of CSI Wireless Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. CSI Wireless Inc. 4110 9...
Page 3 Purchaser’s Exclusive Remedy The purchaser’s exclusive remedy under this warranty shall be limited to the repair or replacement, at the option of CSI Wireless, of any defective part(s) of CSI Wireless receivers or accessories. Repairs shall be made through a CSI Wireless approved service center only.
Page 4 CSI Wireless products by unauthorized person(s) or party(s) shall render this warranty null and void. CSI Wireless does not warrant or guarantee the precision or accuracy of positions obtained when using CSI Wireless products. Product accuracy as stated in CSI Wireless literature and/or product specifications serves to...
Page 5: Table Of Contents
Differential GPS...................... 2 1.2.1 How it Works................... 2 1.2.2 Real-Time DGPS ..................3 DGPS Format......................3 Factors Affecting Positioning Accuracy ............. 4 DGPS MAX DGPS Services................. 6 1.5.1 Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)........6 1.5.2 OmniSTAR Worldwide DGPS Service..........12 1.5.3 Radiobeacon DGPS................15 DGPS Service Comparison ................18...
Page 6 Power Considerations................25 2.3.4 Turning the DGPS MAX On...............26 2.3.5 Grounding the DGPS MAX..............26 2.3.6 Connecting the DGPS MAX To External Devices......27 Installing the CDA-2MAX Antenna..............29 2.4.1 Antenna Placement To Optimize Beacon Reception ......30 2.4.2 Antenna Installation – 1-14-UNS Threaded Mount......30 2.4.3...
Page 7 WAAS Lock Icon ...................47 5.4.3 OmniSTAR Lock Icon ................48 5.4.4 Beacon Lock Icon ...................49 5.4.5 External DGPS Correction Source Icon..........49 5.4.6 Autonomous Mode Icon ...............50 DGPS MAX Menu System Overview ...............50 Start-Up Sequence....................54 Signal Tracking Bar Chart ..................55 DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 8 5.13 External RTCM Menu ..................103 5.14 Autonomous Menu....................105 5.15 System Setup Menu....................106 5.15.1 Display Applications Menu ..............108 5.15.2 Display Format Menu................108 5.15.3 Baud Rates Menu .................110 5.15.4 Software Display Menu ...............111 5.16 Configuring the Receiver..................113 DGPS MAX Reference Manual viii...
Page 9 Bypassing a Configuration Step ...............120 Completing the Step-by-Step Process ............120 Saving a Configuration ..................121 NMEA 0183 Messages ....................123 Description of NMEA 0183................123 NMEA Message Elements .................123 DGPS MAX Serial Port Configuration ............124 SLXMon........................124 PocketMAX......................124 GPS NMEA Data Messages................125 7.6.1 GGA Data Message................125 7.6.2...
Page 10 VTG Data Message................131 7.6.9 ZDA Data Message................131 Troubleshooting.......................133 Appendix A - Specifications....................135 Appendix B - DGPS MAX Interface...................139 Appendix C – Activating the OmniSTAR DGPS Service..........143 Appendix D - Beacon Information ..................147 Appendix E - Post Processing .....................149 Further Reading........................151 Index .............................153...
Page 11: List Of Figures
Figure 1-5 Worldwide OmniSTAR Coverage..............15 Figure 1-6 World DGPS Radiobeacon Coverage..............17 Figure 2-1 Cable Interface......................24 Figure 2-2 DGPS MAX Socket Connector Pin Numbering..........28 Figure 2-3 DGPS MAX Interface...................29 Figure 5-1 DGPS MAX Display and Keypad..............45 Figure 5-2 Menu Access Icon ....................46 Figure 5-3 GPS Position Fix Icon ..................47...
Page 12 Figure 6-1 Configuration Wizard Menu ................118 Figure B-1 GPS Data Interface.....................140 Figure B-2 RTCM Data Interface..................141 Figure B-3 External Correction Source Interface.............142 Figure C-1 OmniSTAR Coverage Map ................145 DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 13 List of Tables Table 2-1 Power Requirements of the DGPS MAX............26 Table 2-2 MAIN Port Pin-out, RS-232C Interface Level...........27 Table 2-3 AUX Port Pin-out, RS-232C Interface Level ............28 Table 3-1 Beacon Receiver Performance - SNR Reading..........41 Table 3-2 Preset DGPS Mode....................41 Table 3-3 Preset Port Settings....................42...
Page 14 DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 15: Preface
(RINEX). Consult Appendix E for information on post processing and RINEX. CSI Wireless has designed this GPS product to function in a wide array of applications and environments. Compact, lightweight, yet rugged, the DGPS MAX will provide you with years of reliable operation.
Page 16: Organization
DGPS MAX receiver, and CDA-2MAX antenna. Chapter 2: Installation - describes how to install the DGPS MAX receiver and antenna, and provides a foundation for interfacing the DGPS MAX with an external data logging or monitoring device. Chapter 3: DGPS MAX Overview - provides details on the fundamental operating modes of the internal sensors of the DGPS MAX.
Page 17: Customer Service
If you encounter problems during the installation or operation of this product, or cannot find the information you need, please contact your dealer, or CSI Wireless Customer Service. The contact numbers and e- mail address for CSI Wireless Customer Service are:...
Page 18: World Wide Web Site
When providing the RMA number, CSI Wireless will provide you with shipping instructions to assist you in returning the equipment. World Wide Web Site CSI Wireless maintains a World Wide Web home page at the following address: www.csi-wireless.com A corporate profile, product information, application news, GPS and DGPS literature, beacon coverage information, and software are available at this site.
Page 19: Document Conventions
Notes, Cautions, and Warnings Notes, Cautions, and Warnings stress important information regarding the installation, configuration, and operation of the DGPS MAX combination GPS/L-band/Beacon receiver. Note - Notes outline important information of a general nature. Cautions - Cautions inform of possible sources of difficulty or situations that may cause damage to the product.
Page 20 DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 21: Introduction
This chapter provides a brief overview of GPS, differential GPS, WAAS, OmniSTAR, and beacon technology, in addition to a description of the DGPS MAX receiver and antenna. 1.1 GPS The United States Department of Defense (DoD) operates a reliable, 24 hour a day, all weather Global Positioning System (GPS).
Page 22: Gps Services
The difference between the known and measured range for each satellite is the range error. This error is the amount that needs to be removed from each DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 23: Real-Time Dgps
Various broadcast standards may exist for the beacon networks installed internationally, controlled by their respective operating authority. The United States Coast Guard maintains a broadcast standard that is referenced in the Further Reading section of this manual. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 24: Factors Affecting Positioning Accuracy
The data rate of the radio link The time it takes the signal to reach the user The time required for the remote differential receiver to demodulate the signal and communicate it to the GPS receiver. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 25 GPS antenna. Certain precautions will minimize GPS antenna sensitivity to these reflected signals. Operating away from large reflective structures such as buildings or using special antennas and GPS equipment can help to DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 26: Dgps Max Dgps Services
The DGPS MAX receiver is able to use differential corrections received through the internal WAAS demodulator, beacon receiver, or the OmniSTAR DGPS Service. This section describes the signal and data content of all three DGPS services available for use with the DGPS MAX receiver. 1.5.1 Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
Page 27 Systems (SBAS). The DGPS MAX is capable of receiving correction data from all WAAS-compatible SBAS. Upon the successful completion of a 21-day test on August 24, 2000, the FAA announced that WAAS would be running 24 hours per day, seven days per week from then on.
Page 28: Figure 1-1 Broadcast Waas Inonspheric Correction Map
To improve upon the ionospheric map provided by WAAS, the DGPS MAX extrapolates information from the broadcast ionospheric coverage map, extending its effective coverage. This allows the DGPS MAX to be used successfully in regions that competitive products may not. This is especially important in Canada for regions north of approximately 54°...
Page 29: Figure 1-2 Extrapolated Waas Inonspheric Correction Map
GPS is that only one antenna element is required. In the case of the CDA-2MAX antenna, a second antenna element is required internally for the beacon sensor within the DGPS MAX receiver. Further, the internal GPS / WAAS antenna has been designed for reception of OmniSTAR signals, which also broadcast in the L-band.
Page 30 Due to their location away over the oceans, these satellites may appear lower on the horizon, depending on your geographic position on land. When using WAAS correction data, the DGPS MAX is able to provide you with the azimuth and elevation of both satellites to aid in determining their position with respect to the CDA-2MAX antenna.
Page 31: Figure 1-3 Waas Coverage
Figure 1-3 WAAS Coverage DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 32: Omnistar Worldwide Dgps Service
1.5.2.1 OmniSTAR DGPS OmniSTAR is a wide area DGPS service. The information broadcast by this service is based upon a network of reference stations placed at DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 33 1.5.2.2 OmniSTAR Signal Information The OmniSTAR L-band signal is a line-of-sight UHF signal similar to that of GPS. There must be a line of sight between the DGPS MAX’s antenna and the geostationary communications satellite in order for the L-band differential receiver inside the DGPS MAX to acquire the signal.
Page 34 Please note that signal coverage may be present in some areas without reference stations within the region. Operating outside of the reference station network may cause the applicability of the correction data to be less, resulting in a lower degree of positioning accuracy due to spatial decorrelation. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 35: Radiobeacon Dgps
The strength of a signal decreases with distance from the transmitting station, due in large part to spreading loss. This loss is a result of the DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 36 Atmospheric attenuation plays a minor part in signal transmission range, as it absorbs and scatters the signal. This type of loss is the least significant of those described. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 37: Figure 1-6 World Dgps Radiobeacon Coverage
1.5.3.3 Radiobeacon Coverage Figure 1-6 shows the approximate radiobeacon coverage throughout the world. In this figure, light shaded regions note current coverage, with beacon stations symbolized as white circles. Figure 1-6 World DGPS Radiobeacon Coverage DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 38: Dgps Service Comparison
CSI Wireless Web site at 1.6 DGPS Service Comparison As the DGPS MAX offers the use multiple differential services, questions have been raised in regards to which correction source to use when more than one is available. Ultimately, this is a personal choice, however, this section provides some information that may help you choose which service is most appropriate for you.
Page 39: Dgps Max Receiver Information
Please consult Appendix C for contact information and subscription details. 1.7 DGPS MAX Receiver Information The DGPS MAX DGPS receiver incorporates the CSI Wireless SLX GPS / WAAS / L-band receiver and the SBX-3 beacon receiver internally with a sophisticated menu system.
Page 40 The 2-line by 16-character liquid crystal display (LCD) and menu system provide access to all three internal sensors. The DGPS MAX uses a 3- button keypad for menu system navigation. The menu system allows you to operate each internal sensor and monitor signal status.
Page 41: Coast™ Technology
COAST™ that allows the DGPS MAX receiver to operate with old correction data for up to 30 minutes without significant accuracy degradation. The ability of the DGPS MAX to perform such as this is attributed to sophisticated algorithms that are able to anticipate how errors will change during a period of correction loss.
Page 42 This ensures that only radiobeacon frequencies to passed to the beacon receiver. Appendix A details the technical specifications for the CDA-2MAX antenna. Refer to Section 2.4 for instructions regarding antenna installation. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 43: Installation
This chapter contains instructions and recommendations for the installation of the DGPS MAX receiver and CDA-2MAX antenna. 2.1 System Parts List The following list of standard equipment is included with the DGPS MAX Receiver system: DGPS MAX (part number 803-0025-xxx)
Page 44: Installing The Dgps Max Receiver
The flange mounting bracket supplied with the DGPS MAX is used to secure the receiver to the selected mounting surface. You may install this bracket on the top or the bottom of the DGPS MAX. Use the mounting brackets as a template when planning and drilling mounting holes.
Page 45: Environmental Considerations
2.3.2 Environmental Considerations The DGPS MAX is designed to operate in an enclosed environment in which the temperature remains between -32 °C and +74 °C and relative humidity is less than 95% (non-condensing). The receiver may be stored between -40 °C and +85 °C.
Page 46: Turning The Dgps Max On
Connect the keyed, two-conductor socket connector of the power cable to the DGPS MAX. Turn the DGPS MAX on, by pressing the ON/OFF switch located on the rear panel You may press the On/Off switch one more time to turn the receiver off.
Page 47: Connecting The Dgps Max To External Devices
DGPS MAX using the menu system to accept the external correction data through the AUX port. Both data ports are located at the back panel of the DGPS MAX and are a DB9 socket connector. Table 2-2 and Table 2-3 provide pin-assignment information for the DGPS MAX MAIN and AUX serial ports respectively.
Page 48: Figure 2-2 Dgps Max Socket Connector Pin Numbering
Figure 2-2 displays the numbering scheme for a DB9 socket connector (female), as located on the rear panel of the DGPS MAX receiver. The associated numbering for the plug connector (male) is a mirror reflection of scheme showed in this figure.
Page 49: Installing The Cda-2Max Antenna
The position calculated by the DGPS MAX is measured to the center of the CDA-2MAX antenna. Install the antenna in the best location for your application, such as the center line of your vehicle or vessel.
Page 50: Antenna Placement To Optimize Beacon Reception
When using the internal beacon receiver as the correction source, selecting an appropriate location for installation of the antenna will influence the performance of the internal beacon receiver of the DGPS MAX. The following list provides some general guidelines for deciding upon an antenna...
Page 51: Antenna Installation - Surface Mount
5/8 inch survey-style thread is available from CSI Wireless, discussed in Section 2.5.3. Thread the CDA-2MAX Antenna onto the mount, tightening by hand only. Do not use any tools for tightening, and do not over-tighten. Caution - A ¾ NPT or pipe thread is not compatible with the thread of the CDA-2MAX.
Page 52: Routing And Securing The Antenna Cable
Remove unwanted slack from the antenna extension cable at the receiver end. Secure along the cable route using plastic tie wraps. Caution - The DGPS MAX receiver provides 5 VDC across the antenna port. Connection to incompatible devices may result in damage to equipment.
Page 53: Connecting The Cda-2Max Antenna
2.4.5 Connecting the CDA-2MAX Antenna The CDA-2MAX Antenna connects to the DGPS MAX receiver using the supplied TNC-male to TNC-male antenna cable. To connect the CDA- 2MAX Antenna to the DGPS MAX: Thread one end of the TNC to TNC antenna extension cable onto the...
Page 54: Permanent Mount
The threaded shaft of the this mount may be removed from the magnetic disk and used as a threaded insert for survey applications that use the common 5/8 -inch thread. The CSI Wireless part number for the threaded shaft is 676-0005-000. 2.5.2 Permanent Mount An optional stainless steel permanent mount is available for installation of the CDA-2MAX antenna.
Page 55: Dgps Max Overview
For your convenience, all internal sensors within the DGPS MAX feature automatic tuning algorithms, which are in operation by default. When powered for the first time, the DGPS MAX receiver will perform a ‘cold start’, which involves acquiring the available GPS satellites in view and the WAAS differential service.
Page 56: Receiver Performance
Satellite acquisition quality is described as a signal to noise ratio (SNR). A higher SNR is indicative of better quality signal reception. SNR information is provided by the DGPS MAX via its menu system on a per channel basis numerically as well as presenting this information symbolically in a bar chart.
Page 57: Receiver Performance
DGPS MAX. The bit error rate has a default, no-lock value of 500 or more. As the receiver begins to successfully acquire the signal, it will result in a lower bit error rate.
Page 58: Receiver Performance
Refer to Section 5.7 for further information. 3.4 Beacon Operation The following sections describe the general operation and performance monitoring of the beacon engine within the DGPS MAX. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 59: Tune Modes
This is discussed in Section 5.12.2. 3.4.1.2 ABS Global Beacon Search When powered for the first time in ABS mode, the DGPS MAX initiates a Global Search using, examining each available DGPS beacon frequency, and recording Signal Strength (SS) measurements in units of dBµV/m to the Global Search Table.
Page 60 No loss of lock occurs on the primary station during the background scan. The DGPS MAX stores the current primary beacon in memory so that it is available upon subsequent power-up. You may force a new Global Search at any time using the display and keypad by selecting the Auto Tune@ menu item as discussed in Section 5.12.2.
Page 61: Receiver Performance
Refer to Section 5.7 for further information. 3.5 Factory Default Parameters Tables 3-2, 3-3, and 3-4 identify the default DGPS MAX configuration settings of the various DGPS MAX Series receivers. Caution - The changes you make to the DGPS MAX configuration are saved in memory for subsequent power-up.
Page 62: Table 3-3 Preset Port Settings
Stop Bit Interface Level MAIN 9600 None RS-232C 9600 None RS-232C Table 3-4 Preset GPS NMEA Message Output GPS NMEA Messages Update Rate Max DGPS Age Elevation Mask GGA, GSV, VTG, ZDA 1 Hz 1800 seconds 5° DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 63: Dgps Max Architecture
OmniSTAR Beacon 4.1 Hardware The SLX receiver inside the DGPS MAX drives the menu system and provides receiving capability for GPS, WAAS, and OmniSTAR. This platform comprises the main portion of the DGPS MAX receiver. The SLX is designed to process GPS and L-band signals simultaneous, using specific hardware and software.
Page 64: Firmware
4.2 Firmware As the software that operates the internal components of the DGPS MAX operates at a low level, it is often referred to as firmware. There are three types of firmware within the SLX - DSP, ARM, and menu system firmware.
Page 65: Operation
Figure 5-1 DGPS MAX Display and Keypad 5.2 Navigating the Menu System The keypad on the front of the DGPS MAX allows you to navigate through the intuitive menu system, configuring operating parameters and viewing status information. The top line of the display is the active Focus Line for...
Page 66: Menu Access Icon
Note - The top line of the DGPS MAX display is the Focus Line. The field of interest must be ‘in focus’ for keystrokes to have the desired effect.
Page 67: Waas Lock Icon
5.4.2 WAAS Lock Icon When the DGPS MAX is configured to use WAAS correction information, The DGPS MAX receiver will display the lock status on at the far right of the top line of the display. The lock symbol illustrated in the following figure remains in the ‘No WAAS Lock’...
Page 68: Omnistar Lock Icon
5.4.3 OmniSTAR Lock Icon When operating using the internal L-band receiver as the differential source, the DGPS MAX receiver indicates the OmniSTAR DGPS lock status in the upper right corner of the display. The lock symbol, illustrated in Figure 5-5, remains in the ‘No L-band’ DGPS Lock state until the receiver has acquired the DGPS satellite transmission at which point the symbol changes to the ‘L-band Lock’...
Page 69: Beacon Lock Icon
DGPS MAX indicates beacon lock status in the upper right hand corner of the display. The lock symbol, illustrated in Figure 5-6, remains in the closed position when the DGPS MAX is locked to a valid beacon signal, and open, when no broadcast is available for the specified frequency and/or MSK bit rate.
Page 70: Autonomous Mode Icon
Configuration Wizard menu, and a System Setup menu. The GPS, Configuration Wizard, and System Setup menus remain the same regardless of the operating settings of the DGPS MAX receiver. However, the name and content of the differential menu depends on the differential correction source currently in use.
Page 71: Figure 5-9 Gps Menu
UTC Offset@ _7h Back@ Top?Menu@ GGA @?5?Hz GGA @?1?Hz GLL @?Off GSA @?Off GST @?Off GSV @?1?Hz RMC @?1?Hz RRE @ Off VTG @?5?Hz ZDA @?Off Bin95@?Off Bin96@ Off RTCM @?On Back@ Top?Menu@ Figure 5-9 GPS Menu DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 72: Figure 5-10 Waas Menu
Top?Menu@ GPS@??????????? + Signal Status@ + OmniSTAR@ Configure@ Config Wizard@ Back@ Diff@OmniSTAR < System Setup@ Diff@OmniSTAR ?+ Top Menu@ F@1551489/1200 ^ AutoTune@ Subscription@?? Back@ Begin Date@ Top?Menu@ Expiry?Date@???^ SerialNum?Disp@ Countdown?Tmr@ Back@ Top?Menu@ Figure 5-11 OmniSTAR Menu DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 73: Figure 5-12 Beacon Menu
Diff@Extrn RTCM < GPS@??????????? External RTCM Extern RTCM@ Diff@Extrn RTCM^ Config Wizard@ RTCM In@ 9600 System Setup@ Match External Back@ Baud rt. to RTCM Top Menu@ RTCM In@ 9600 < Figure 5-13 External RTCM Input Menu DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 74: Start-Up Sequence
Figure 5-15 Setup Menu 5.6 Start-Up Sequence When you turn the DGPS MAX on, it will sequence through a startup screen followed by a prompt asking if you’d like to use the Configuration Wizard. This prompt has a 3-second timeout where the receiver will...
Page 75: Signal Tracking Bar Chart
5.7.1 WAAS Mode Bar Chart When operating the DGPS MAX receiver in WAAS mode, the portion of the bar chart to the right of the WAAS mode indicator, A, reflects WAAS tracking performance. The WAAS bar chart will reflect the quality of the bit error rate (BER) for WAAS signal reception.
Page 76: Omnistar Mode Bar Chart
WAAS PRN 134. 5.7.2 OmniSTAR Mode Bar Chart When operating the DGPS MAX receiver in OmniSTAR mode, the portion of the bar chart to the right of the OmniSTAR mode indicator, +, reflects OmniSTAR tracking performance. The OmniSTAR bar chart will reflect the quality of the bit error rate (BER) for OmniSTAR signal reception.
Page 77: Beacon Mode Bar Chart
5.7.3 Beacon Mode Bar Chart When operating the DGPS MAX receiver in beacon mode, the portion of the bar chart to the right of the beacon mode indicator, $, reflects tracking performance. The beacon bar chart will reflect the quality of the signal strength (SS) and the signal to noise ration (SNR) for beacon signal reception.
Page 78: Autonomous Mode Bar Chart
No associated status data is provided for this mode of operation. ^1233213331 4444444444 5.8 Main Menu The DGPS MAX will display the following menu when the boot sequence has been completed upon startup. This is the top, or Main menu. GPS@???????????A WAAS@?
Page 79: Gps Menu
When this menu is accessed using the WAAS@ button, the DGPS MAX menu displays the contents of the DGPS menu. Depending on the differential mode of operation, this menu will be named WAAS, OmniSTAR, Beacon, Extern RTCM, or Autonomous. Inside this menu will be status- related information and configuration parameters.
Page 80 Configure@ allow you to change various configuration parameters related to the GPS receiver inside the DGPS MAX. This includes NMEA message output settings, elevation cut-off mask, differential time-out, and UTC offset. When accessed using the button, this menu...
Page 81: Gps Position Status Menu
Pressing the button with the Back@ or Top Menu@ item in focus will take the menu system to the previous menu or the Main menu, respectively DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 82 / minutes / decimal minutes (DM.M) by default. Other display formats are possible, including degrees / decimal degrees (D.D) and degrees / minutes / seconds (DMS). These other display formats are discussed in further detail in Section 4.6.7. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 83 This item displays the horizontal heading 187.3!t clockwise from True North in degrees. This information is parsed from the NMEA GPVTG message string. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 84 If less than four, then the solution is 2D, holding the height parameter constant at either 0, or its last measured value. This information is parsed from the NMEA message GPGGA DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 85 0 and 12 (B in hexadecimal). by pressing the button with this item in focus, an intuitive summary of the navigation condition is displayed. This is discussed in further detail in Section 5.8.1.2. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 86 Figure 5-9. Res rms: 0.3m?A =_a:??????0.2m?^ =_b:??????0.1m Azimuth:163.1! =_Lat:????0.2m? =_Lon:????0.2m =_Alt:????0.3m Back@ Top Menu@ Pressing the keys allows you to scroll through the available menu items. Pressing the button anywhere in this menu will provide a DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 87 This menu item indicates length of the =_Lon: 0.2m longitude component of the horizontal error ellipse to a confidence of one standard deviation. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 88 Pressing the button with the Back@ or Top Menu@ item in focus will take the menu system to the previous menu or the Main menu, respectively. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 89 This menu item is the number of satellites that NotUsed?Prev?9 are currently being tracked by the GPS engine, have an ephemeris, are healthy, and are above the elevation mask. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 90 When accessed using the button, this menu Back@ item returns the menu system to the previous menu. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 91 5.9.1.3 DSP-ARM Menu The DSP-ARM status menu provides information relating to the status of the internal DSP and ARM processors of the internal SLX receiver of the DGPS MAX. This menu is detailed in Figure 5-9. DSP:CarLock?YES+ DSP:BER?????YES^ DSP:DSPLock?YES...
Page 92 YES. Under normal operation, this field should indicate ARM:ARMLock YES. Under normal operation, this field should indicate ARM:DGPS YES. This menu item indicates if the GPS solution is ARM:Soution deemed correct by the processor. Under normal DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 93: Gps Satellites Menu
Pressing the button with the Back@ or Top Menu@ item in focus will take the menu system to the previous menu or the Main menu, respectively. This is the receiver channel (0 to 12) and the CHxx_SVxx DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 94 A higher SNR reading is desirable. For best channel tracking performance, the DGPS MAX requires an SNR of above approximately 40. This information is parsed from the GPGSV NMEA message.
Page 95: Gps Configure Menu
When accessed using the button, this menu NMEA?Output@ item will take the menu system of the DGPS MAX to the NMEA Output menu for configuration of the messages output by the receiver. When accessed, this menu allows you to adjust...
Page 96 5.9.3.1 NMEA Output Menu This menu allows you to toggle the output of various NMEA messages that are output from the MAIN port of the DGPS MAX. This menu is detailed in Figure 5-9. The NMEA messages within this menu are described in detail within Chapter 7.
Page 97 This menu item allows you to toggle the output of GPGGA@ 5 Hz the GPGGA message through the MAIN port of the DGPS MAX receiver. To change the current update rate, press the button followed by adjusting the rate using the...
Page 98 This menu item allows you to toggle the output of GPGGA@ 1 Hz the GPGLL message through the MAIN port of the DGPS MAX receiver. To change the current update rate, press the button followed by adjusting the rate using the...
Page 99 This menu item allows you to toggle the output of GPGSV@1 Hz the GPGSV message through the MAIN port of the DGPS MAX receiver. To change the current update rate, press the button followed by adjusting the rate using the...
Page 100 This menu item allows you to toggle the output of Bin95@ Off the Binary 95 message (contains GPS ephemeris data) through the MAIN port of the DGPS MAX receiver. To change the current update rate, press the button followed by adjusting the rate...
Page 101: Waas Menu
Menu@ item in focus will take the menu system to the previous menu or the Main menu, respectively. Pressing the button with this menu item in Signal?Status@ A focus will take the menu system to the WAAS signal status menu. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 102: Waas Signal Status Menu
Az? 134: 252.6! Back@ Top?Menu@ Pressing the keys allows you to scroll through the available options. Pressing the button with any status information in focus will display the signal tracking bar chart. Pressing the button with the DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 103 This menu item provides the longitude of the PRN 134: 178.0! 134 POR (Pacific Ocean Region - West) WAAS satellite. As the satellite is geosynchronous, this value will not change. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 104 AOR-W (Atlantic Ocean Region - West) WAAS satellite. The azimuth value depends on your current latitude and longitude in relation to the satellite’s longitude. If the satellite is directly South of your current location, the satellite will have an azimuth of 180°. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 105: Waas Configure Menu
WAAS and press the button. 5.11 OmniSTAR Menu This menu provides access to the signal status and configuration parameters of the internal L-band receiver inside the DGPS MAX. Please DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 106: Omnistar Signal Status Menu
When accessed using the button, this menu Back@ item returns the menu system to the previous menu. When accessed using the button, this menu Top?Menu@ item returns the menu system to the main menu. 5.11.1 OmniSTAR Signal Status Menu DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 107 Back@ or Top Menu@ item in focus will take the menu system to the previous menu or the Main menu, respectively. This menu item displays the current tracking F 1551489/1200 + frequency of the L-band DGPS receiver (in kHz) and the modulation rate (in bps). DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 108 This menu item provides the longitude of the LN?? _101.0! currently acquired OmniSTAR DGPS communication satellite. As the satellite is geosynchronous, this value will not change. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 109 East of you, it will have an azimuth of 90°. When accessed using the button, this menu Back@ item returns the menu system to the previous menu. When accessed using the button, this menu Top?Menu@ item returns the menu system to the main menu. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 110 ‘BAD’. This menu item indicates if the receiver is currently Region operating within the intended region. If the receiver is operating in the subscribed region, this item will display ‘OK’, otherwise it will display ‘BAD’. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 111 OmniSTAR subscription is valid for maritime use. For land use, it’s acceptable if this is item displays ‘BAD’. When the DGPS MAX displays ‘OK’, this menu Remote Site item indicates that the remote site in use as part of the DGPS correction source is operating correctly.
Page 112: Omnistar Configure Menu
This menu contains two menus related to the selection of the differential source, OmniSTAR receiver tuning, and a facility to monitor the subscription status of the OmniSTAR receiver inside the DGPS MAX. This menu is detailed in Figure 5-11. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 113 When prompted to tune the frequency, adjust each character using the keys, followed by pressing the button to advance the cursor to the next position. Continue unit you have entered the desired frequency. You will then be prompted to select the correct DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 114 5.11.2.1 Subscription Menu When operating the DGPS MAX with an OmniSTAR subscription, this menu provides information relating to the expiry of the subscription. Additionally, the OmniSTAR unit number is provided in this menu, which is required by OmniSTAR for subscribing to their service.
Page 115 When accessed using the button, this menu will SerialNum Disp@ provide you with the OmniSTAR unit number for your DGPS MAX. OmniSTAR uses this number for subscription purposes. Please have it ready when subscribing your receiver when contacting OmniSTAR. When accessed using the...
Page 116: Beacon Menu
5.12 Beacon Menu This menu provides access to the signal status and configuration parameters of the internal SBX beacon receiver inside the DGPS MAX. Please note that the icon in the upper right corner of the display will be a padlock symbol as shown in Figure 5-6 when operating in beacon DGPS mode.
Page 117: Beacon Signal Status Menu
Pressing the button with the Back@ or Top Menu@ item in focus will take the menu system to the previous menu or the Main menu, respectively. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 118 The menu item provides an indication of the MTP?100>?Q?25? amount of successfully decoded differential data. Two figures are provided – message throughput (MTP) and quality (Q). If reception is strong, all data will be decoded, providing a 100% MTP. As reception becomes DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 119 Global Beacon Table. If the receiver is in automatic mode or if it has been tuned manually by frequency, ‘Unselected Bx’ will be shown. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 120 When accessed using the button, this menu Back@ item returns the menu system to the previous menu. When accessed using the button, this menu Top?Menu@ item returns the menu system to the main menu. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 121: Beacon Configure Menu
Reference Station Transmission Broadcast – Unmonitored Reference Station Not Working 5.12.2 Beacon Configure Menu This menu provides access to the various methods to tune the internal SBX beacon sensor inside the DGPS MAX. This submenu is detailed in Figure 5-12. Diff@Beacon? Tune@Auto Auto?^...
Page 122 When accessed using the button, this menu will Table Version@ identify the version of the current beacon table in memory. When accessed using the button, this menu Back@ item returns the menu system to the previous menu. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 123: External Rtcm Menu
5.12.2.1 TuneBeaconName Menu This menu allows you to tune the beacon receiver inside the DGPS MAX by selecting the desired station from a global list. When this menu item is accessed using the button, the menu allows you to choose the beacon from a list by continent, country, and finally by beacon name.
Page 124 AUX port to match that of the external RTCM source. Available baud rates are 4800, 9600, and 19200. When accessed using the button, this menu Back@ item returns the menu system to the previous menu. Top?Menu@ DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 125: Autonomous Menu
Correction source options include the WAAS demodulator, internal OmniSTAR receiver, the internal beacon receiver, the use of external corrections, or autonomous operation. Autonomous operation uses no differential corrections. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 126: System Setup Menu
Top?Menu@ item returns the menu system to the main menu. 5.15 System Setup Menu This menu provides access to DGPS MAX configuration menus. This portion of the menu system, including submenus, is detailed in Figure 5-15. Display Apps@ Display Format@^...
Page 127 When accessed using the button, this menu Software Disp@ will provide access to a submenu that allows you to query the DGPS MAX for each version of firmware. When accessed using the button, this menu Back@ item returns the menu system to the previous menu.
Page 128: Display Applications Menu
This menu system is detailed in Figure 5-15. In Use: WAAS Other : OmniSTAR 5.15.2 Display Format Menu This menu provides access to DGPS MAX configuration information and sub-menus. This menu system is detailed in Figure 5-15. DispUpdate@5 HzA LL Unit@DM.M...
Page 129 Three formats are available: km/h, mph, and knots. When accessed using the button, this menu Back@ item returns the menu system to the previous menu. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 130: Baud Rates Menu
5.15.3 Baud Rates Menu This menu allows you to change the data rates of the external MAIN and AUX serial ports of the DGPS MAX receiver. These ports are referred to as the NMEA I/O and RTCM In ports, respectively, within the menu system for clarification of their purpose.
Page 131: Software Display Menu
5.15.4 Software Display Menu This menu provides access to version of firmware installed within the DGPS MAX receiver. There are four types of firmware described below. This menu system is detailed in Figure 5-15. Menu System@...
Page 132 SBX beacon receiver. When accessed using the button, this menu Back@ item returns the menu system to the previous menu. When accessed using the button, this menu Top?Menu@ item returns the menu system to the main menu. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 133: Configuring The Receiver
Extern RTCM, or Autonomous) using the keys and press 5.16.2 Changing the Output Data Messages To change data messages output by the DGPS MAX receiver: Using the key, move the GPS@ menu, located in the root menu, into focus and press...
Page 134: Changing The Baud Rates
5.16.3 Changing the Baud Rates To modify the baud rate of the DGPS MAX data ports: Using the key, move the Setup@ menu, located in the root menu, into focus and press Using the key, move the Baud?Rates@ menu into focus and...
Page 135 Scroll with the keys until the desired country is displayed on the focus line and press Scroll with the keys until the name of the specific beacon is displayed on the focus line and press DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 136: Firmware Updates
5.17 Firmware Updates Please contact CSI Wireless Customer Service for the latest firmware update for your DGPS MAX receiver. Firmware releases include a Field Upgrade Program, installation instructions, and release notes. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 137: Configuration Wizard
This removes some of the guesswork from receiver operation in the field, especially since your main priority is likely the application at hand and not operating the receiver. Figure 6-1 presents the Configuration Wizard menu layout. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 138: Figure 6-1 Configuration Wizard Menu
RTCM In @ 9600 @Not Used 3 Next@ @Not Used 4 Save and Exit@ @Not Used 5 Cancel@ Return@ Exit Wizard@ Configure max DGPS age\ No < @MY CONFIG > < MaxDGPSAge@2700 Finish@ Cancel@ Figure 6-1 Configuration Wizard Menu DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 139: Start-Up Sequence
6.1 Start-up Sequence When you turn the DGPS MAX on, it will sequence through a startup screen followed by a prompt asking if you’d like to use the Configuration Wizard. To access the Configuration Wizard, press the button within the 3-second timeout period.
Page 140: Selecting A Previously Saved Configuration
When bypassing the current step, the parameter that was bypassed will remain unchanged from your current configuration. For example, if the DGPS MAX is operating in WAAS mode, and during the Wizard step-by- step process you are prompted to choose the DGPS source, if you are happy with the current WAAS mode, select ‘No’.
Page 141: Saving A Configuration
You may, at any time, select your new configuration by beginning the Configuration Wizard again. The first step allows you to select a previously saved configuration. If you wish to choose a saved configuration, simply choose ‘Yes’, otherwise the step-by-step Wizard process will begin. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 142 DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 143: Nmea 0183 Messages
7. NMEA 0183 Messages This chapter identifies the selection of valid NMEA 0183 output messages for the DGPS MAX receiver. 7.1 Description of NMEA 0183 NMEA 0183 is a communications standard established by the marine industry. It has found use in a variety of electronic devices, including GPS and beacon receivers.
Page 144: Dgps Max Serial Port Configuration
Null, or empty fields occur when no information is available for that field. 7.3 DGPS MAX Serial Port Configuration The DGPS MAX may be configured using a selection of NMEA commands, however, these commands are beyond the scope of this document.
Page 145: Gps Nmea Data Messages
The GGA message contains detailed GPS position information, and is the most frequently used NMEA data message. In Table 7-3, the GGA data message is broken down into its components. This message takes the following form: $GPGGA,hhmmss.ss,ddmm.mmmm,s,dddmm.mmmm,s,n,qq,pp.p,s aaaaa.aa,M,±xxxx.xx,M,sss,aaaa*cc<CR><LF> DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 146: Gll Data Message
Carriage return and line feed 7.6.2 GLL Data Message The GLL message contains Latitude and Longitude. In Table 7-4, the GLL data message is broken down into its components. This message has the following format: $GPGLL,ddmm.mmmm,s,dddmm.mmmm,s,hhmmss.ss,s*cc<CR><LF> DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 147: Gsa Data Message
Satellites used in the position solution, a null field occurs if a channel is unused Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) = 1.0 to 9.9 Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) = 1.0 to 9.9 Vertical Dilution of Precision (VDOP) = 1.0 to 9.9 Checksum <CR><LF> Carriage return and line feed DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 148: Gst Data Message
The GSV message contains GPS satellite information. Null fields occur where data is not available due to the number of satellites tracked. Table 7- 7 breaks down the GSV data message into its components. This message has the following format: $GPGSV,t,m,n,ii,ee,aaa,ss,…ii,ee,aaa,ss,*cc<CR><LF> DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 149: Rmc Data Message
Carriage return and line feed 7.6.6 RMC Data Message The RMC message contains recommended minimum specific GPS data. Table 7-8 breaks down the RMC data message into its components. This message has the following format: $GPRMC,hhmmss.ss,a,ddmm.mmm,n,dddmm.mmm,w,z.z,y.y,ddm myy,d.d,v *cc<CR><LF> DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 150: Rre Data Message
Field Description Number of satellites used in position computation Satellite number Range residual in meters hhh.h Horizontal position error estimate in meters vvv.v Vertical position error estimate in meters Checksum <CR><LF> Carriage return and line feed DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 151: Vtg Data Message
Checksum <CR><LF> Carriage return and line feed 7.6.9 ZDA Data Message The ZDA message contains Universal Time information. Table 7-11 breaks down the ZDA data message into its components. This message has the following format: $GPZDA,hhmmss.ss,dd,mm,yyyy,xx,yy*cc<CR><LF> DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 152: Table 7-11 Zda Data Message Defined
Day, dd = 0 to 31 Month, mm = 1 to 12 yyyy Year Local zone description in hours, xx = -13 to 13 Local zone description in minutes, yy = 0 to 59 Checksum <CR><LF> Carriage return and line feed DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 153: Troubleshooting
8. Troubleshooting Use the following checklist to troubleshoot anomalous DGPS MAX receiver operation. Table 6-1 provides a problem symptom, followed by a list of possible solutions. Table 6-1 Troubleshooting Symptom Possible Solution • Receiver fails to power Verify polarity of power leads •...
Page 154 Auto MSK rate (100 200, or Auto) • Verify frequency of transmitting beacon, or choose Auto?Tune@ • Verify DGPS MAX antenna port output voltage (5 VDC) • No DGPS position in Verify that the baud rate of the RTCM In...
Page 155: Appendix A - Specifications
Appendix A - Specifications This appendix provides the operational, mechanical, electrical, physical, and environmental specifications for the DGPS MAX receiver and CDA-2MAX antenna. Table A-1 DGPS MAX Specifications Internal GPS Engine Operational Specifications Item Specification Frequency 1.575 GHz Channels 12 parallel tracking Horizontal Accuracy <...
Page 156 203 mm (8.0”) Width 125 mm (4.9”) Height 53 mm (2.0”) Weight 0.8 kg (1.76 lb.) Antenna Connector TNC Socket Environmental Specifications Item Specification Storage Temperature -40°C to 85°C Operating Temperature -32°C to 74°C Humidity 95% Non-Condensing DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 157: Table A-2 Cda-2Max Specifications
Weight 456 g (1.0 lb.) Antenna Connector TNC-S Antenna Extension Cable RG-58U, < 10 m (33 ft) in Length Environmental Specifications Item Specification Storage Temperature -40°C to 85°C Operating Temperature -40°C to 85°C Humidity 100% Condensing DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 158 DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 159: Appendix B - Dgps Max Interface
This appendix provides information on interfacing the various aspects of your DGPS MAX receiver. The main purpose of the DGPS MAX receiver is to provide differentially corrected position and position-related information in the standard NMEA format. In addition to the DGPS MAX operating as a positioning sensor, you may also have a use for the correction data received by the internal WAAS, OmniSTAR, or beacon.
Page 160: Figure B-1 Gps Data Interface
Figure B-1 GPS Data Interface Note - For successful communications, the baud rate of the DGPS MAX MAIN port must be set to match that of the data logging or monitoring device. Additionally, you must interface the DGPS MAX to an RS-232C serial port of the external device.
Page 161: Figure B-2 Rtcm Data Interface
Figure B-2 RTCM Data Interface Note - For successful communications, the baud rate of the DGPS MAX MAIN port must be set to match that of the separate GPS receiver. Additionally, you must interface the DGPS MAX to an RS-232C serial port of the separate GPS receiver. Refer to Section 5.15.3 for instructions related to setting the DGPS MAX...
Page 162: Figure B-3 External Correction Source Interface
Figure B-3 External Correction Source Interface Note - For successful communications, the baud rate of the DGPS MAX AUX port must be set to match that of the external correction source. Additionally, you must interface the DGPS MAX to an RS-232C serial port of the external source. Refer to Section 5.15.3 for instructions related to setting the DGPS MAX...
Page 163: Appendix C - Activating The Omnistar Dgps Service
To use the OmniSTAR service, your receiver must be operating in OmniSTAR mode with a valid subscription. In order to subscribe your DGPS MAX receiver’s internal OmniSTAR sensor, you must know its unit number. To determine the unit number of the internal L-band DGPS receiver inside...
Page 164 OmniSTAR Service Activation You may activate the OmniSTAR DGPS service for your DGPS MAX receiver by contacting the service provider in your region. Contact OmniSTAR with your unit number and they will activate your subscription over the air. Please be ready to have your receiver ready to receive the OmniSTAR signal for subscription validation.
Page 165: Figure C-1 Omnistar Coverage Map
Europe and North Africa +31-70-311-1151 +31-71-581-4719 Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa +61-89-322-5295 +61-8-9322-4164 Central America and South America +1-713-785-5850 +1-713-780-9408 You may visit OmniSTAR’s Web site at the following address for further information. www.omnistar.com DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 166 Over-Air Subscription Activation OmniSTAR will activate the subscription within your DGPS MAX receiver over the air. The OmniSTAR L-band DGPS receiver inside your DGPS MAX will automatically lock onto the OmniSTAR service even if your subscription has not yet been activated. This allows OmniSTAR to activate your subscription over the air.
Page 167: Appendix D - Beacon Information
Transmitting ID Reference station ID Field Strength Operating notes This document is viewable within your Internet browser, however, if you require a faxed copy of this information, contact your CSI Wireless dealer or CSI Wireless Sales. DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 168 DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 169: Appendix E - Post Processing
Appendix E - Post Processing The DGPS MAX is capable of outputting the required raw measurement and satellite navigation information for post-processing. Binary Messages The following two raw data messages are present in the NMEA Output menu and are required for post-processing:...
Page 170 RINEX. This utility is freely available from CSI Wireless for post-processing purposes. Please contact CSI Wireless or your local dealer for further information on this utility. Note – CSI Wireless will provide support for raw measurement...
Page 171: Further Reading
Alexandria, VA, 22314-2840 USA, Tel: +1-703-684-4481, Fax: +1-703- 836-4429 US Department of Transportation, United States Coast Guard, Broadcast Standard for the USCG DGPS Navigation Service, COMDTINST M16577.1, April, 1993, 2100 Second St. SW, Washington, D.C., 20593- 0001, USA DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 172 DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 173: Index
Customer Service, xvii Serial Port Defaults, 42 DATA Background Search (beacon), 40 Pin-out, 27 Bar Chart Default NMEA message Output, 42 Beacon Mode, 57 Default Parameters, 41 External RTCM Input, 57 DGPS Errors, 4 OmniSTAR Mode, 56 DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 174 VTG Message Menu, 79, 80 ICD-GPS-200, 3 ZDA Message Menu, 80 Installation Menu System CDA-2MAX, 29 Autonomous Mode Icon, 50 DGPS MAX, 24, 25, 26, 27 Autonomous@ Menu, 105 Baud?Rates@ Menu, 110 Beacon Configure@ Menu, 101 Beacon Lock Icon, 49 DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 175 Menu Tree, 50 Raw Measurement Data, 149 Mount Receiver Independent Exchange Antenna 1-14-UNS Thread, 30 Format, xv Antenna Surface Mount, 31 RINEX, xv, 150 Magnetic, 33 RINEX Translator, 150 permanent, 34 RTCM SC-104, 3 Receiver Flange Bracket, 24 DGPS MAX Reference Manual...
Page 176 Software Utility, 124 Survey Adapter, 34 SV Count, 70 WAAS Bit Error Rate, 37 Receiver Performance, 37 Temperature, 25 WGS-84, 1, 62, 63 Troubleshooting, 133 www.csi-dgps.com, xviii Tune Mode Automatic Beacon Search (ABS), 39, 40, 116 DGPS MAX Reference Manual...

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