Texas Instruments TIRIS SCBU025 Reference Manual
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Texas Instruments TIRIS SCBU025 Reference Manual

Texas Instruments TIRIS SCBU025 Reference Manual

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Antenna
Reference Guide
November 1996
SCBU025

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Summary of Contents for Texas Instruments TIRIS SCBU025

  • Page 1 Antenna Reference Guide November 1996 SCBU025...
  • Page 2 Antenna Reference Guide Literature Number: SCBU025 November 1996...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Contents ..........................Preface ....................... Introduction ......................... TIRIS ......................Purpose ....................About This Guide ....................How the System Works ....................Operating Principle ................... Charge-Up of the Transponder ................... Transponder Orientation .................. Differences Between Antennas ....................Isofield Diagram ................How to Measure Antenna Voltages ................
  • Page 4 List of Figures Charge-Up Diagram for the G01C Antenna Antenna Voltage From 40 V to 712 V in 96-V Steps ..................(Peak-to-Peak) (Scale in Meters) Charge-Up Diagram for the G02C Antenna Antenna Voltage From 100 V to 730 V in 90-V Steps ..................

  • Page 5: Preface

    For more information, please contact your nearest TIRIS™ Sales and Application Center. The contact addresses can be found on the TIRIS home page: http://www.tiris.com Trademarks The TIRIS logo and the words TIRIS, TI-RFid, and Tag-it are trademarks of Texas Instruments. SCBU025 – November 1996 Submit Documentation Feedback...
  • Page 6 www.ti.com SCBU025 – November 1996 Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 7: Introduction

    SCBU025 – November 1996 Introduction TIRIS TIRIS stands for Texas Instruments Registration and Identification System, a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system. The core of the system is a small device called a transponder that can be attached to or embedded in an object.

  • Page 8: About This Guide

    www.ti.com About This Guide About This Guide This guide contains the following parts: Chapter 1: Introduction. A short introduction to TIRIS and a short description of the guide itself. Chapter 2: How the System Works. A description of how the system works, followed by a series of charts showing the "charge-up"...

  • Page 9: How The System Works

    Chapter 2 SCBU025 – November 1996 How the System Works Operating Principle The antenna has two tasks in the TIRIS system: 1. Send an energizing signal to the transponder. 2. Receive the resulting ID signal from the transponder. Charge-Up of the Transponder When the transponder passes through the magnetic field created by the transmitting antenna, a capacitor in the transponder is charged up to a certain voltage.

  • Page 10: Differences Between Antennas

    www.ti.com Differences Between Antennas Differences Between Antennas The performance of the TIRIS system is influenced by the reader antenna selected. Each antenna has its own specific characteristics. Figure 2-1. 0° Transponder Orientation Figure 2-2. 30° Transponder Orientation Figure 2-3. 60° Transponder Orientation Figure 2-4.

  • Page 11: How To Measure Antenna Voltages

    www.ti.com How to Measure Antenna Voltages Each diagram has several lines or 'envelopes' on it, each representing a different voltage applied to the antenna. The smallest 'envelope' (that closest to the antenna) shows the magnetic field induced by the lowest voltage applied to the antenna, and the largest 'envelope' shows the field induced by the highest antenna voltage (see Table 2-1).

  • Page 12: Charge-Up Diagram For The G01C Antenna Antenna Voltage From 40 V To 712 V In 96-V Steps (Peak-To-Peak) (Scale In Meters)

    www.ti.com How to Use the Charge-Up Diagrams Example 2: Using Antenna G02C in Germany 1. Look in Table 2-1, and you will see that the allowed voltage for antenna G02C in Germany is 107 V. 2. Now go to Figure 2-6A.

  • Page 13: Charge-Up Diagram For The G02C Antenna Antenna Voltage From 100 V To 730 V In 90-V Steps (Peak-To-Peak) (Scale In Meters)

    www.ti.com How to Use the Charge-Up Diagrams A) 0° Orientation B) 90° Orientation Figure 2-6. Charge-Up Diagram for the G02C Antenna Antenna Voltage From 100 V to 730 V in 90-V Steps (Peak-to-Peak) (Scale in Meters) SCBU025 – November 1996 How the System Works Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 14: Charge-Up Diagram For The G03C Antenna Antenna Voltage From 20 V To 391 V In 53-V Steps (Peak-To-Peak) (Scale In Meters)

    www.ti.com How to Use the Charge-Up Diagrams A) 0° Orientation B) 90° Orientation Figure 2-7. Charge-Up Diagram for the G03C Antenna Antenna Voltage From 20 V to 391 V in 53-V Steps (Peak-to-Peak) (Scale in Meters) How the System Works SCBU025 –...
  • Page 15 www.ti.com How to Use the Charge-Up Diagrams A) 0° Orientation B) 90° Orientation Figure 2-8. Charge-Up Diagram for the S01C Antenna 361 V, 393 V, and 650 V (Scale in Meters) SCBU025 – November 1996 How the System Works Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 16: Separation Between Transponders

    www.ti.com Separation Between Transponders Separation Between Transponders Separation refers to how close together transponders can be and still be individually read. High selectivity means transponders can be close together while still achieving successful readings. Low selectivity means that more distance is needed between transponders in order for them to be successfully read.

  • Page 17: Noise Characteristics

    Chapter 3 SCBU025 – November 1996 Noise Characteristics Influence of Noise on Readout Range Noise has an impact on system performance. The most important consideration in solving noise interference problems is to choose the best antenna for the particular application. This section provides: •...

  • Page 18: Readout Range Of 32.5-Mm Transponder With Stu On Maximum Power (All Values Are Absolute)

    www.ti.com Influence of Noise on Readout Range Figure 3-1 is a graph showing the readout range for the standard gate antennas as a function of homogeneous noise. This graph ignores government agency regulations (FCC, PTT, etc.) Figure 3-1. Readout Range of 32.5-mm Transponder With STU on Maximum Power (All Values Are Absolute) Note: With cases of inhomogeneous noise, working out the reading distance is more complex...
  • Page 19 www.ti.com Influence of Noise on Readout Range Figure 3-2 gives an indication of the readout range for the standard antennas depending on the antenna voltage. Figure 3-2. Readout Range (V antenna SCBU025 – November 1996 Noise Characteristics Submit Documentation Feedback...
  • Page 20 www.ti.com Noise Characteristics SCBU025 – November 1996 Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 21: Antenna Voltage And Field Strength

    Chapter 4 SCBU025 – November 1996 Antenna Voltage and Field Strength Maximum Antenna Voltage Allowed Some countries allow a higher magnetic field strength than others. In this case, you can have a higher voltage on the antenna terminals. The higher the antenna voltage, the more power is dissipated within the antenna.

  • Page 22: Maximum Magnetic Field Strength That Can Be Generated

    www.ti.com Maximum Magnetic Field Strength That Can Be Generated Maximum Magnetic Field Strength That Can Be Generated There is a direct relationship between the magnetic field strength that is generated by the gate antenna and the antenna voltage on the terminals of the antenna. The maximum voltage is provided in Equation 4-1.

  • Page 23: Speed Applications (Detecting Moving Transponders)

    Chapter 5 SCBU025 – November 1996 Speed Applications (Detecting Moving Transponders) Introduction For applications when the transponder to be read is moving, the readout length is important (see D on Figure 5-1). You can calculate the worst case maximum speed of the transponder past the antenna. This is based on the dimension of the major lobe as shown in Figure 5-1.

  • Page 24: Shorter Charge-Up (Tx) Pulses For Speed Applications

    www.ti.com Shorter Charge-Up (TX) Pulses for Speed Applications This section is intended to provide information and examples regarding the two most important system constraints (transponder charge-up level and field strength), so that if any of the parameters in your system have to be changed, you can work it out using these examples as a basis. Shorter Charge-Up (TX) Pulses for Speed Applications The values in Table 2-1...

  • Page 25: Charge-Up Times, Multiplication Factors, And Transponder Charge-Up Levels

    www.ti.com Shorter Charge-Up (TX) Pulses for Speed Applications Table 5-1 shows the antenna voltage multiplication factor for different charge-up times and the resulting charge-up voltage in the transponder (V ). You can calculate the maximum allowed antenna voltage by first finding out from Table 2-1 what the antenna voltage level is for 50 ms, then multiplying it by the multiplication factor given in...
  • Page 26 www.ti.com Speed Applications (Detecting Moving Transponders) SCBU025 – November 1996 Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 27: Mechanical Characteristics

    Chapter 6 SCBU025 – November 1996 Mechanical Characteristics This section describes the mechanical parts of the TIRIS antennas. Mounting the Antenna Figure 6-1 shows the mounting hole dimensions for the three types of gate antenna. Gate antennas can be mounted on nonmetallic surfaces using non-metallic M6 bolts. Use plastic washers to increase shock resistance.

  • Page 28: Connection Leads

    www.ti.com Connection Leads Connection Leads The whole antenna is a vital part of the TIRIS system. Altering the length of the connecting lead or replacing the connectors affects the inductance and quality factor. This can decrease the performance of the system. The Figure 6-2 shows the dimensions of the connector leads.

  • Page 29: Antenna Connector

    www.ti.com Connection Leads Figure 6-2. Antenna Connector Figure 6-3. Mounting a Gate Antenna Figure 6-4. Mounting a Stick Antenna SCBU025 – November 1996 Mechanical Characteristics Submit Documentation Feedback...
  • Page 30 www.ti.com Mechanical Characteristics SCBU025 – November 1996 Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 31: Brief Theory Of Magnetic Induction

    Appendix A SCBU025 – November 1996 Brief Theory of Magnetic Induction This appendix has only been included to help in general understanding of how induction works, the illustrations used in it are based on Maxwell equations. The description is, of necessity, only superficial as it would become very complex to go into more detail.

  • Page 32: Magnetic Field Distribution Around A Two Parallel Conductor

    www.ti.com Description In this example, current flows away from the observer, which makes the magnetic field lines travel clockwise. The magnetic field strength at each point around the conductor is positively correlated by the factor 1/r, in which r is the radius from the conductor to a given point. When two conductors are parallel with the current flowing in the opposite direction from one conductor to the other (see Figure A-3), the field...

  • Page 33: Theory Of Coupled Inductors

    Appendix B SCBU025 – November 1996 Theory of Coupled Inductors Five inductors are illustrated in Figure B-1. Inductor I is the field-generating (transmitting) inductor. It is connected to an AC current source. The other four are placed in proximity. Figure B-1. Coupled Inductors If the receiving inductors share field lines with the transmitting inductor, a current will be induced in them.
  • Page 34 www.ti.com Theory of Coupled Inductors SCBU025 – November 1996 Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 35: Glossary Of Terms

    Appendix C SCBU025 – November 1996 Glossary of Terms This part of the manual provides a glossary of the terms and phrases used in this manual together with a short description of the meaning of those terms. agency regulations Every country has its own regulations regarding the level of RF transmission (FCC, PTT) allowed.

  • Page 36: Readout Range

    www.ti.com Appendix C isofield diagram (Also referred to as a charge-up diagram), this is a diagram showing the distance at which the transponder will be charged-up to a specified voltage (specified on the diagram). Moving inside these boundaries results in a higher charge-up level in the transponder.
  • Page 37 www.ti.com Appendix C transponder orientation The angle of the transponder with respect to the antenna 0° For Gate antenna = transponder at an angle of 90 degrees to the antenna For Ferrite rod = transponder in line with the antenna 90°...
  • Page 38 TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements. Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions:...

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