Systran SCRAMNet+ SC150 User Manual
Network media user's guide
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- Hardware reference manual (164 pages) ,
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Summary of Contents for Systran SCRAMNet+ SC150
- Page 1 + + + + Ò Ò Ò Ò SCRAMNet Network Media User’s Guide Document No. D-T-MU-MEDIA###-A-0-A7...
- Page 3 Systran reserves the right to make changes without notice. Systran makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this printed material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
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Page 5: Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................1-1 1.1 How To Use This Manual......................1-1 1.1.1 Purpose........................1-1 1.1.2 Scope........................1-1 1.1.3 Style Conventions ....................1-1 1.2 Related Information ........................1-1 1.3 Quality Assurance........................1-1 1.4 Technical Support ........................1-2 1.5 Ordering Process........................1-2 2. PRODUCT OVERVIEW ...........................2-1 2.1 Overview...........................2-1 2.1.1 Transmitter and Receiver Pairs ................2-1 2.1.2 Network Cabling ....................2-1 2.1.3 Connectors ......................2-1... - Page 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7.1 Overview...........................7-1 7.2 Fiber-optic Cable ........................7-1 7.2.1 Light-Power Budget ....................7-1 7.2.2 Bandwidth-Length Budget ..................7-2 7.2.3 Signal Skew ......................7-3 7.3 Coaxial Cable..........................7-5 8. BIT-ERROR RATE............................8-1 8.1 Overview...........................8-1 8.1.1 Signal-to-noise Ratio....................8-1 8.1.2 Calculations......................8-2 8.1.3 Tables........................8-2 FIGURES Figure 3-1 Fiber-Optic MAC..........................3-1 Figure 3-2 Coaxial Media Access Card ......................3-2 Figure 3-3 Redundant Transceiver Operations ....................3-4 Figure 3-4 Cabinet Kit with Dual Media Access Cards..................3-6...
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Page 7: Introduction
1.3 Quality Assurance Systran Corporate policy is to provide our customers with the highest quality products and services. In addition to the physical product, the company provides documentation, sales and marketing support, hardware and software technical support, and timely product delivery. -
Page 8: Technical Support
· World Wide Web address: www.systran.com 1.5 Ordering Process To learn more about Systran products or to place an order, please use the following contact information. Hours of operation are from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Eastern Standard/Daylight Time. ·... -
Page 9: Product Overview
2. PRODUCT OVERVIEW 2.1 Overview Cabling a SCRAMNet+ Network involves four hardware elements: · The specific transmitter and receiver pairs used by SCRAMNet+ · The fiber-optic cable, which comes in various diameters and optical quality, or the optional coaxial cable ·... - Page 10 PRODUCT OVERVIEW This page intentionally left blank Copyright 2002 MEDIA USER’S GUIDE...
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Page 11: Media Access Cards
3. MEDIA ACCESS CARDS 3.1 Overview The MAC receives and transmits network messages. There are two types of MAC; fiber- optic and coaxial. The MAC can be used on all SCRAMNet host interface boards, cabinet kit boards, and on the Quad Switch. 3.2 Fiber-Optic MAC The fiber-optic MAC receiver converts light signals to electronic signals and passes them to the host. -
Page 12: Modes Of Operation
MEDIA ACCESS CARD higher) via phantom levels on the coaxial cables. (This eliminates the need for the auxiliary cable on the Quad Switch.) BOTTOM VIEW TRANSMIT PAIR RECEIVE PAIR Figure 3-2 Coaxial Media Access Card 3.3.1 Modes of Operation The jumpers are installed only from one row of the header to the other. Do not install between two pins on the same side of the header. - Page 13 MEDIA ACCESS CARD PHANTOM FO_RELAY MODE J508 J506 J507 Quad Switch End Host End J506 jumper position 1 J506 jumper position 2 (for shields-to-circuit common) OR J506 jumper position 3 (for shields-to-chassis common) J507 jumper position 2 J507 jumper position 3 J508 jumper position 1 J508 jumper position 1 The FO_RELAY output is coupled by a lowpass filter to all the coaxial connectors center...
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Page 14: Redundant Operation
“Accessory External supplies” if this is used in conjunction with the Phantom supply mode. OTHER MODES NOTE: There are other possible combinations that may be desired. Contact Systran for assistance because some combinations, other than those above, could be destructive. 3.4 Redundant Operation Redundant operation requires two sets of MACs with two sets of dual fiber-optic cables connecting all nodes on the network ring. - Page 15 MEDIA ACCESS CARD automatically switch to the alternate receiver. This does not disrupt the transmission to node B since both transmit lines are transmitting to both receivers. Only the receiver on node A is switched. Some incoming data to node A may be initially lost, but will be retransmitted by the originating node when its message does not return within the time- out range if error-correction protocol is used.
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Page 16: Figure 3-4 Cabinet Kit With Dual Media Access Cards
MEDIA ACCESS CARD Figure 3-4 Cabinet Kit with Dual Media Access Cards Copyright 2002 MEDIA USER’S GUIDE... -
Page 17: Coaxial Cable
4. COAXIAL CABLE 4.1 Overview SCRAMNet+ can use coaxial cables for distances up to 30 meters in environments where RFI/EMI emissions are not prevalent. SCRAMNet+ uses an RG-58U cable with an SMA type connector. If a coaxial cable SCRAMNet+ installation encounters significant signal errors, then convert to fiber-optic cable. -
Page 18: Specifications
COAXIAL CABLE 4.3 Specifications Requires any coaxial cable capable of a 50-ohm load, RG-58 or better. 4.4 Cable Noise There are basically three types of noise that may affect the coaxial cabling of a SCRAMNet network: · Static · Common Mode ·... -
Page 19: Fiber-Optic Cable
5. FIBER-OPTIC CABLE 5.1 Overview Fiber-optic cabling is 62.5/125 micron multi-node, with ST connectors. There are three types of fiber-optic cable. · Commercial-grade cables with ST connectors: Standard commercial grade cables designed to interconnect computers within a standard environment (duplex pair) ·... - Page 20 FIBER OPTIC CABLE “Tight buffer” cables usually have another buffer over the 500 micron protective coating. Tight buffer cables are generally more flexible, and tend to be smaller in diameter than loose buffer tube cables. KEVLAR STRENGTH PVC JACKET MEMBER BUFFER CLADDING - 125 MICRONS SILICA CORE - 62.5...
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Page 21: Nomenclature
Cladding can vary in diameter from 125 microns to more than 1000 microns. This allows cable to be described in terms of the core-to-cladding ratio. For example, Systran uses 62.5/125 cable. This means the core is 62.5 microns, and the cladding is 125 microns. -
Page 22: Fibre-Optic Cables
Fibre-optic cables may be purchased from Systran or third parties. The recommended fiber-optic cable is 62.5/125 micron core multi-mode fiber cable with ST connectors. Contact Systran regarding the availability of fiber-optic cables. The part number for Systran’s 62.5/125 micron fiber cables is in the form: H-PR-WST2XXXX-0 Where:... -
Page 23: Cleaning
FIBER OPTIC CABLE 5.4 Cleaning It is important that the ends of the fiber-optic cable be kept clean. If there is an exceptional amount of light-power loss experienced, the cable ends should be inspected for cleanliness. Alcohol-based fiber-optic cleaning pads are available to remove minor contaminants such as dust and dirt. -
Page 24: St Connector
FIBER OPTIC CABLE 5.5.2 ST Connector 0.33 ² 1.8 ² Figure 5-3 ST Connector – 3M Model 6100 Specifications Features · · Loss: 0.4 dB average for Fully compatible with all other ST 62.5/125 micron fiber Connector hardware · · Optimal Temperature: -55°C to 85°C Corrosion resistant hardware ·... -
Page 25: Fiber Optic Bypass Switch
6. FIBER OPTIC BYPASS SWITCH 6.1 Overview This section addresses the functionality, specifications, configurations and uses of a Fiber Optic Bypass Switch in a SCRAMNet+ fiber-optic ring. SCRAMNet+ uses a bi-polar transmission protocol that requires two optical transmitters and two optical receivers. Hence there are two fiber-optic lines for receiving and two for transmitting, all of which are ST style receptacles. -
Page 26: Bypass Mode
FIBER OPTIC BYPASS SWITCH NODE NODE NODE NODE NODE NODE Figure 6-1 Ring with Bypass Switches Powered nodes can be selectively switched in or out of the network ring by software control. This allows great flexibility in the sharing and allocation of resources in the ring. 6.4 Bypass Mode When a node is powered down, the bypass switch automatically routes the network data around the node. -
Page 27: Considerations
FIBER OPTIC BYPASS SWITCH 6.6 Considerations The light-power budget should be considered when using bypass switches in the fiber- optic ring. Bypass switches, cable connectors and the fiber-optic cables themselves all dissipate the light as it travels from the source to the destination. There must be enough light-power remaining at the destination point to be interpreted by the receiver. -
Page 28: Figure 6-2 Fiber Optic Bypass Switch Connections
FIBER OPTIC BYPASS SWITCH Figure 6-2 Fiber Optic Bypass Switch Connections Copyright 2002 MEDIA USER’S GUIDE... -
Page 29: Performance
7. PERFORMANCE 7.1 Overview There are a number of ways power losses can occur in a network. For fiber-optic cable these include absorption, dispersion, return loss, connector attenuation, and mismatched fiber losses. Absorption and dispersion are the two primary causes of attenuation in optical fibers. -
Page 30: Bandwidth-Length Budget
PERFORMANCE CONNECTORS Power loss over connectors can be caused by rotational variation, poor connectability, or Fresnel Reflection (return loss). In high bit-rate systems, the return loss can be a major source of bit-error rate problems. The reflected light interferes with the laser light in the chip and can be a source of noise. Table 7-1 Typical Connector Losses Multimode: 0.5-1.5 dB... -
Page 31: Signal Skew
(An active node is one in which neither wire loopback nor optic loopback is active.) Systran’s Skew Meter is available for loan or purchase. It is used to evaluate differences in length between two transmit or receive fiber-optic cables. To obtain a Skew Meter call Systran Technical Support at (937) 252-5601. -
Page 32: Figure 7-1 Data Flow
PERFORMANCE DESIGN EXAMPLE Two nodes are connected 925 feet apart by a two-piece connected fiber-optic cable and fiber-optic bypass switches installed at each end. Two pieces of cable are used for example purposes only. Using one 925-foot cable would eliminate the 1.0 dB loss for the connector. -
Page 33: Coaxial Cable
PERFORMANCE 7.3 Coaxial Cable Discussion of bit-error rates for coaxial cables is not appropriate. Bit-error rate is a function of signal-to-noise ratio. Since the noise level at the SCRAMNet+ node is known, and the fiber-optic cable is immune to noise (RFI/EMI), it is possible to calculate a bit- error rate because it simply becomes a factor of signal strength. - Page 34 PERFORMANCE This page intentionally left blank Copyright 2002 MEDIA USER’S GUIDE...
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Page 35: Bit-Error Rate
Every practical design step has been taken to reduce internal circuit noise and to shield against external environmental noise. Through actual measurement in the laboratory at Systran, it has been determined that noise at the SCRAMNet+ receiver in a normal electronic environment is 0.08 mW RMS. -
Page 36: Calculations
BIT ERROR RATE Prior to installation, theoretical calculations must be used. When calculating the received power, tolerances in component specifications must be considered. Generally, calculations using minimum, maximum, and typical specifications should be made to provide accurate insight into the range of possibilities. 8.1.2 Calculations When the signal strength at the receiver is known, Tables 8-1 and 8-2 are used. - Page 37 BIT ERROR RATE Table 8-1 Bit-Error Rate Calculation Table 1 Measured Mean Hrs. Mean yrs. Average Peak Peak Receive Between Between Power Power Power Input Noise r S/N Ratio Errors Errors Errors/Bit 0.08 Hrs. Yrs. m m m m W m m m m W dBm m m m W m m m m W...
- Page 38 BIT ERROR RATE Table 8-3 Bit-Error Rate Calculation Table 3 Mean Hrs. Mean Yrs. Signal Transmitted Received Received Receiver Between Between Loss Peak Pwr Peak Pwr Power Input Noise Errors Errors dBm m m m W dBm m m m W m m m m W m m m m W S/N Ratio...
- Page 39 1. GLOSSARY GLOSSARY...
- Page 41 ----------------------- Coaxial cable is composed of paired, shielded conductors terminated with SMA connectors. commercial grade ----------------- Commercial grade fiber-optic cable ordered through Systran is the Optical Cable Corporation ULTRA FOX multimode cable. common mode --------------------- Interference that results from currents flowing between different potential grounds located at various points within a system.
- Page 42 GLOSSARY hardened cable --------------------- Hardened cables are mud and water immersible (matched pairs). inserted mode ---------------------- The node is enabled to transmit data onto the ring and receive data from the ring. isolate mode ------------------------ A network node is excluded from transmitting or receiving data on the network ring.
- Page 43 1. INDEX INDEX...
- Page 45 INDEX interference ..........2-1, 4-2 attenuation ............7-1 common mode..........4-2 auxiliary cable ..........3-2 auxiliary connection ........3-1 LED............6-2, 7-2 light power ..........6-3, 8-1 bi-polar transmission ....... 2-1, 6-1 return loss........5-5, 7-1, 7-2 bit-error rate....1-1, 7-1, 7-2, 7-5, 8-1, 8-2 signal skew..........7-3 light power budget ....5-3, 6-3, 7-1, 7-4 light power loss ........
- Page 46 INDEX This page intentionally left blank Copyright 2002 INDEX-2 MEDIA USER’S GUIDE...
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