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Version 2.7x
User's Manual
Riga 2022

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Summary of Contents for Radar Systems Prism 2

  • Page 1 Version 2.7x User's Manual Riga 2022...
  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Section Page 1. Introduction ........................2 2. Brief Description of Georadar ................... 3 3. Terms Conventions ......................7 4. Radiolocation Data Display Examples ................9 5. Computer presets ......................10 5.1. Software installation ....................10 5.2. Computer configuration for Ethernet cable connection with the GPR control unit ...........................
  • Page 3: Introduction

    Our Company is using 40 years of experience in this field; the studies in this field were launched by Aviation Subsurface Radiolocation Problem Laboratory (PLAPR) legally succeeded by Radar Systems, Inc. A modern GPR is quite a sophisticated radio engineering digital device. But it has become simpler in operation while applying of processor, FPGA and computer technologies, as compared with early models.
  • Page 4: Brief Description Of Georadar

    2. Brief Description of Georadar Georadar is quite a sophisticated engineering device. There is a GPR simplified block diagram, which allows to imagine a general idea of its operation principle, but does not describes its complexity. Survey wheel GNSS (GPS) Central Analog to Digital Control Unit...
  • Page 5 Fig. 2.2. The shape of the radiated electromagnetic wave These electromagnetic waves propagate in the sounding medium, reflecting from the sections of the media and various (metals, cavities, various objects, layer boundaries with different parameters, etc.). The reflected signal is received and registered by the GPR receiver.
  • Page 6 antenna, then all received signals on the receiving side will be the same. This means that it is possible to digitize not all samples of the received signal one after another at once, but separately each next sample on each received signal, increasing the delay with a constant nanosecond step.
  • Page 7 amount from several ones to a complete trace, which significantly speeds up the operation of the entire system and increases the volume of the received data stream. The overall system clocking occurs at high frequencies (hundreds of MHz) - it allows the reducing of the time base step to tens of picoseconds.
  • Page 8: Terms Conventions

    3. Terms Conventions Some of the terms used in this manual are described below, as different literature has different interpretations of them.  Sample – a single value containing the amplitude of the reflected signal at a certain point in time. ...
  • Page 9  Useful signals – these are the reflected signals from the real subsurface targets Most often, these can be single reflections from target horizons and diffracted waves from target objects.  Not useful signals (interferences) – these are signals that are not interest from the task point of view, but are present in the data, forming an interference pattern with useful signals and making it difficult to truly interpret.
  • Page 10: Radiolocation Data Display Examples

    4. Radiolocation Data Display Examples Fig. 4.1. Trace output Fig. 4.2. Wiggle plot profile output (black-and-white and colored one). Fig.4.3 Line scan output (grayscale and colored one). Note: The most informative output method is the line scan in the grayscale palette (see Fig.
  • Page 11: Computer Presets

    5. Computer presets 5.1. Software installation Prism2 To install “ ” Package on the hard disk of the computer please follow the next steps:  Plug the USB flash drive to the computer's USB port.  Wait while drive automatically recognized by the Windows and adds it to the computer's drivers list as a virtual hard disk.
  • Page 12 For Windows Vista / 7: 1. Click the Start button, and then click on the Control Panel. 2. Chose the sub item View network status and tasks, of Network and Internet item. 3. Click the link Change adapter settings in the left part of Network and Sharing Center.
  • Page 13: Computer Configuration For Wireless Wi-Fi Connection With The Gpr Control Unit

    If, for any reason, user doesn’t need such IP address for his PC, he may change the IP address to the new one following procedures described above. But before PC IP address changing, user has to change Control Unit IP address. It is 192.168.0.10 as default. Please refer to Appendix A.
  • Page 14 3. Click the link Change adapter settings in the left part of Network and Sharing Center. 4. Select your wireless Wi-Fi connection icon and click right mouse button on it. Select the item Properties of the pop-up menu. 5. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4 and then click the Properties button.
  • Page 15 12. Click the right button of mouse on your wireless Wi-Fi connection and then click the Connect button. 13. Select Zond-12e or Python network and click the Connect button (check the Connect automatically checkbox to connect to the network automatically in the feature).
  • Page 16 Fig.5.2. Power options dialog. Fig.5.3. Edit power options dialog.
  • Page 17 Fig.5.4. Power options advanced settings dialog. Note 1: In some cases your portable device may have unsatisfactory connection even with power settings set to the maximum performance. In this case you should use external Wi-Fi USB adapter. We advise to use “NETGEAR N150 Wireless USB Micro Adapter”...
  • Page 18: First Run

    6. First Run Prism2 You will see the brief menu with four items on start up: Fig. 6.1 “Prism2” brief menu. Prism2 software default language is English. There are German, Russian, Greek, Korean and Chinese languages as well. If you wish to change it, to any mentioned language above, select menu View/Languages and press the button Add language.
  • Page 19: Menu Items

    7. Menu items The full menu is displayed on the screen upon opening of the data file. The detailed description of each menu item is presented below. Fig. 7.1. Full Menu of “Prism2”. 7.1. File – file handling operations and printout. ...
  • Page 20  Reopen – quick way to open last opened 10 files by single click.  Save As – save profile as a file on the hard drive.  Save All – save all currently opened profiles in different files on the hard drive. ...
  • Page 21 o XYZC – export of current profile (button Apply) or of all opened profiles (button Apply to all) data amplitude values as a Tab separated table with X, Y, Z and C columns (where X and Y corresponds to chosen Coordinates System, Z is a depth and C is an average amplitude value in cell with defined Cell size or amplitude value of each sample if Each sample option is chosen) to text ASCII file (*.txt), where output (export) file name could be chosen by pressing...
  • Page 22 Fig. 7.6. Profile Print dialog box.  Print Setup – printing properties.  Exit – exit from the application. Most users may also use the standard application closing method by clicking the left mouse button on the button at the upper right corner of application window or by simultaneous pressing Alt+F4 buttons.
  • Page 23 Fig.7.7. Language dialog box. 7.3. Tools – tools and options used for a profile handling and processing purposes. Take a look on the Section 11. Profile handling for more details (p. 44).  Color palette – the choice and adjustment of a profile rendering colors Take a look on the Section 11.
  • Page 24 Velocity. There is a shortcut Stolt (F-K) method for the migration processing using measured values (see p. 47). o Zoom in – zooming in of the selected area (see p. 48). o Zoom out – zooming out to the previous state. o Scaled output –...
  • Page 25 Fig. 7.10. Mark’s insertion dialog box. o Delete – Mark’s deleting in the profile. User have to indicate the mark identification number and press OK or Apply button to delete this mark (if multiply marks have to be deleted, user should press Apply button). There is a possibility to delete mark by a single right click on the profile (pop-up menu Marks / Delete), where software helps to get and place the mark index to the Mark number window.
  • Page 26 Fig. 7.12. Mark’s deleting dialog box. Note: Profile resampling doesn’t cut or add empty samples to the traces in the profile, it’s rebuilding the traces and its data in correspondence to the new value! It’s better to choose power of 2 values as a number of samples (like 128, 256, 512, 1024, etc.), Prism2 due to some procedures used in the software.
  • Page 27 Fig. 7.13. Connection settings dialog box. Note: Never change the IP address of the control unit without the need! The control unit IP address changing should be applied by a qualified user only, otherwise if user set the wrong IP address or lose it, then control unit becomes inaccessible, and its recovery faces with a number of inconveniences.
  • Page 28 7.7. Help – information about the software.  User’s Manual – opens this manual.  Radar Systems, Inc. web page – open Radar Systems, Inc. homepage.  Check for updates at startup – enables/disables updates checking on software startup (PC should be connected to the Internet).
  • Page 29: Positioning

    8. Positioning It is better to choose the positioning before data acquiring to correctly determine the location and/or geometric dimensions (traveled distance) of the acquiring GPR profile, because it will help while data processing and interpreting. The profile's traveled distance (its length) is used to locate targets relative to its starting point.
  • Page 30 Fig.8.2. Survey wheel adding Fig.8.3. Survey wheel editing Note: The wheel’s diameter is changing during lifetime, due to its use and worn out. o Calibrating – the wheel can be calibrated (or recalibrated) by passing a precisely measured distance. In this case, user should select a calibration for an existing wheel, or add a new one and select a wheel calibration instead of its diameter and pulses per revolution.
  • Page 31 Fig.8.4. Survey wheel calibration Software uses the captured wheel pulses to understand is wheel rotating or not. If wheel is not moving the traces are not adding to the acquiring profile. The calculated traveled distance is recording to the header of each acquiring profile trace.
  • Page 32 38 MHz, it is possible to use a wireless Bluetooth wheel, like our xWheel (for more details, take a look on the Radar Systems, Inc. website – www.radsys.lv). User should to check the Enable item of the Bluetooth wheel parameter group, to use it.
  • Page 33 Note: The National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) has developed a protocol to support compatibility between marine navigation equipment from different manufacturers. This NMEA protocol describes not only data received from GPS/GNSS receivers, but also measurements from sonars, radars, electronic compasses, barometers and other navigation devices used in the marine.
  • Page 34 o Use GPS Greenwich time as a trace timestamp – each trace has a timestamp, it is able to replace by the GMT time received from the GPS/GNSS receiver, for example, for further synchronization with coordinates after its post-processing in the third party software.
  • Page 35: Gpr Tuning

    9. GPR tuning It is necessary to correctly tune the GPR, before starting sounding. Please follow the next steps for it. Prism2 9.1. Connect all necessary GPR cables (Ethernet cable to PC with installed “ ” software, antenna cable(s), survey wheel, etc.). Set the GPR or antenna(s) to the working position.
  • Page 36 Fig. 9.1b. Data acquisition mode with horizontal toolbar The data acquisition mode has black-and-white interface, it increases a contrast and image visibility on the direct sunlight. The controls consist of following items:  Setup – GPR settings.  Start/Stop data acquisition. ...
  • Page 37  Python-3 GPR settings interface shown on Fig. 9.2c.  zGPR settings interface shown on Fig. 9.2d. Fig. 9.1a. Single channel GPR settings. Fig. 9.1ba. Double channel GPR settings.
  • Page 38 Fig. 9.1c. Python-3 GPR settings. Fig. 9.1d. zGPR family settings. There are a list of GPR settings on the left and an acquired trace oscillogram on the right. Additional information and recommendations are displayed below the oscillogram. Please note, the GPR antenna has to be in a working position, for example, at the beginning of the possible sounding path.
  • Page 39  Samples – samples number per trace:  There are 4 possible values for Zond-12e Advanced GPR: 128, 256, 512, 1024.  There is only one possible value for other Zond-12e GPR models: 512.  There is only one possible value for other Python-3 GPR models: 1024. ...
  • Page 40 perform sounding by pressing the corresponding key at each point. When finished, press Esc or the Stop button.  Mode (for Zond-12e GPR family only) - it has three modes: Sounding, Test and Calibration. The first one is the sounding mode. The rest two modes are used to test the internal modules of the control unit without any connected antennas.
  • Page 41 the software calculates the time range per trace and outputs it to the Range field, the estimated penetration depth for the selected medium to the Depth field.  Gain – it is digital gain (amplification) of the received traces. Due to the fact that the signal’s strength is rapidly decreasing while it is propagating along the soil, the gain of the signal should be increased while the depth is increasing too.
  • Page 42  Pulse delay – this option is used to adjust the sounding signal position. The initial delay values do not correspond to the optimal adjustment, as each antenna and the GPR unit has its own. The pulse delay has to be adjusted first time you are using antenna and cable on each needed time Range.
  • Page 43: Gpr Sounding

    10. GPR Sounding Any field work starts at office, where it is better to check battery levels for GPR, PC and other necessary devices. Be sure that TCP/IP setting are adjusted properly to support communication with GPR (take a look on Section 5. Computer presets on page 10 for details).
  • Page 44 increments it to use as default filename for the new data file. The generated filename can be changed by the user. If file with indicated name exists in the folder, software prompts to overwrite it, append it or change the filename. If backward direction is chosen, the profile is mirrored “back to front”...
  • Page 45: Profile Handling

    11. Profile handling When one ore more profiles have been created in the course of sounding, various operations may be made thereon, as described below. Load a sounding data file, and have it displayed on the screen by using option File/Open.
  • Page 46 arrow), now when you press and hold the left mouse button move your mouse up and down to move the scale so that the zero point coincides with the mid-point in the second line of the sounding signal, as shown in Figs. 4.2 and 4.3. To the right of the profile, there are three vertical columns used for quick tuning of the displayed profile.
  • Page 47 adjustment dialog box. Lower column will be crossed if in sounding mode digital filter was not used. Double-clicking on the lower column will activate/deactivate digital filter, one click will open filter digital filter setup window. Fig. 11.3. Frequency filter dialog box. Vertical and horizontal scale dimensions may be modified by pressing the right mouse button on the white field of a respective scale.
  • Page 48 Point info – parameter values output: Trace number, Position, Sample number,  Time delay, Depth, specified profile’s point Amplitude, Latitude, Longitude and Altitude as well as UTM Northing, Easting and Zone. If there is a mark its number will be displayed in the bottom line of the dialog box. After activating Point info option simply press anywhere on the profile where you need to know those parameters.
  • Page 49 Fig. 11.5. Hyperbola technique used for measuring local target parameters. Always remember that parameters determination accuracy fully depends on a precociously configured profile length and zero point (Tools / Output parameters). After you finished working with hyperbola, press Point info button and the theoretical hyperbola will disappear.
  • Page 50 Note: you can always (no matter the instrument you are currently using) Zoom in or Zoom out by scrolling up or down the mouse wheel while holding Ctrl key on your keyboard! Scaled output – scaling output of the profile with horizontal and vertical equal ...
  • Page 51 format depends on the size of spectrum window and part of spectrum which is zoomed in it. Scrollbar appears after zooming and could be used for scrolling of zoomed spectrum. Fig. 11.7. Options tab of Spectrum Output dialog box. Trace inspection – wave output of the trace signal in a separate window. Click the ...
  • Page 52 The top horizontal scale represents the amplitude of the trace signal in times, but the bottom one – attenuation in dB. Sample inspection – samples amplitudes wave output along the visible part of  profile, where the horizontal scale represents the amplitude of the trace signal in times and the horizontal scale of the sample inspection window corresponds to the chosen profile horizontal scale, if user changes the profile horizontal scale while sample inspection window is visible, its horizontal scale changes automatically.
  • Page 53 Fig. 11.10. GPS Tracker window. Annotations – creating, deleting and editing annotations on a profile. Software  switches operation mode to the annotation mode, after this button pressing, and eight Annotation Toolbar comprising buttons will appear: Pointer, Text, Lines, Area, Pipe, Picket, Edit picket and...
  • Page 54 click and background color (BG) by right mouse click from 16 provided colors in the appeared dialog box (Fig. 10.5). Specify the font type (Font) and enter the text itself. Press OK or Enter to confirm. Fig. 11.11. Text Setting dialog box. Lines –...
  • Page 55 each vertex point of expected area on the, when you are done, press right mouse button and the last point will connect with the first one, completing the area and painting it with the pattern or the just a color you have chosen. There is no need to click all boundary points, while adjacent areas drawing.
  • Page 56 Color palette – color palette editing. Any color from 24-bit palette is available in  Prism2 “ ”. Color palette is used for data output in line scan mode (Fig. 10.1), as well for the positive half-wave output when the wiggle plot mode is used (Fig. 4.2). You may use up to ten basic colors and their relative levels for the color palette.
  • Page 57 coordinates of one trace (Trace column will specify the number of each trace), so the sum of rows will be equal to number of all traces in the profile. If specific trace has no coordinates, the row will contain zeros. GPS Coordinates Table window comprises: (Degrees Lat Long), DegMin (Degrees Minutes),...
  • Page 58: Multi-Profiles Operations

    12. Multi-profiles operations Several tasks of multi-profiles operations are extracted to the row of “wizards”, Prism2 which can be found in menu File. Wizard in the " " Software, is the sequential row of functions and procedures with possibility to navigate from the first step to the final one using buttons <...
  • Page 59: Profiles Splitting Wizard

    the opened profile(-s) used for. Be careful, not to use profiles bigger than 100 MB size on the hard drive to prevent unpredicted hangs and crashes of the software. The result profile’s file name and its location can be entered on the 2 step of the wizard.
  • Page 60: Profiles 3D Alignment Wizard

    Fig.12.2. Profiles splitting wizard dialog box on the 2 step. Wizard provides different methods for the profiles splitting:  by file size (MB) – initial profile(-s) is splitting in a row of files not bigger than the entered size on the hard drive in MB. ...
  • Page 61 Fig.12.2. Profiles 3D alignment wizard dialog box on the 2 step. Wizard provides different methods for the profiles aligning (in traces):  Stretch – initial profiles are stretching up to the longest one of the set.  Cut – initial profiles are cutting to the shortest one of the set. ...
  • Page 62: Profiles Post-Processing

    13. Profiles post-processing Processing task is to extract useful signals and suppress noise, interference and non- informative signals. Therefore, before processing, you need to define parameters that are different for the signals and interference. This may be amplitude, trajectory or spectral characteristics.
  • Page 63 Horizontal LP-filter is a low-pass filter operating along the profile, in the  antenna’s moving direction. It is designed for the fast signal variable suppression and slow signal variable extraction (e.g. those from layer boundaries). The algorithm used here ensures that the averaged trace in a definite window shall replace the input profile trace which is positioned in the mid-window location.
  • Page 64 Notch filter - used to suppress narrowband interference against the broadband  signal background in case of overlapping signal/interference spectra. The algorithm used here is inversed to the one used in bandpass filter algorithm. AGC - Automatic gain control – automatic signal gain within the width of the ...
  • Page 65 X-interpolation. This procedure is purposed for movement judder along the profile  effect removal and forming of the file with the constant specified interval between traces. There are two alternatives: General and by Marks . By Marks is used in cases of manual positioning when marks with known coordinates are located along the profile.
  • Page 66 Flattening is intended for rebuilding initial profile into the profile with flat  horizontal interface depicted by Annotation/Lines or Annotation/Picket. Fig. 13.7. Example of using the flattening procedure. Left-hand: initial profile; right-hand: resulting profile. Zeroline flattening is used to flatten the direct surface wave in the whole profile, ...
  • Page 67 inverse FHT for returning to the time domain, and root sum of squares computation of the trace initial and Hilbert transformed signals. No input parameters are used for this procedure. Fig. 13.9. Example of using the envelope selection procedure. Left-hand: initial trace; right-hand: resulting trace. Processing flow - sequence of procedures creation for several data files processing under the same algorithm.
  • Page 68: Our Recommendations

    14. Our Recommendations In this section we want to provide some recommendations concerning the usage of our hardware and software. We are not claiming that our recommendations are the best for every situation, but still, if you have no experience with such equipment, we suggest you to read this section.
  • Page 69: Radiolocation Sounding Data Format

    15. Radiolocation Sounding Data Format Prism2 “ ” software uses International Geophysical Data Format the by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG-Y). 15.1 SEG-Y Sounding Data Format File begins from a 3200-byte EBCDIC descriptive reel header record which contains service information. Following EBCDIC there is a 400-byte binary reel header record containing service information about the data: Offset Parameter...
  • Page 70 numbered from zero and not from one. Trace header for each trace record is summarized in the Table below. Offset Parameter Parameter from trace length, record Comments record Bytes format beginning Trace sequence number within line – Unused Original field record number Trace sequence number within original field record –...
  • Page 71 float X source coordinate (Longitude in 32-bit float accuracy for arc seconds) float Y source coordinate (Latitude in 32-bit float accuracy for arc seconds) float X receiver group coordinate float Y receiver group coordinate short int Coordinate units: 1 = length in meters or feets; 2 = arc seconds (DDMM.SSSS).
  • Page 72: Solving Problem Of Layer-By-Layer Determination Of Groung Thickness And Permittivity By Cdp Technique In Flat Layer Model

    16. Solving Problem of Layer-by-Layer Determination of Groung Thickness and Permittivity by CDP Technique in Flat Layer Model Some General Information about the Technique One of the main problems arising after a profile is taken relates to determination of electromagnetic wave propagation velocity in layers (or determination of layers permittivity).
  • Page 73 3.) The Tx antenna is placed in the back part of the unit (between main antenna and wheel connectors) and Rx antenna is placed in the front part of the unit (between main antenna connector and unit noose); 4.) The Tx antenna of the first unit (immovable) and Rx antenna of the second unit (moveable) are used for CDP method;...
  • Page 74 To calculate medium characteristics (wave velocity or permittivity) by hodographs of the received signals, activate Hodograph button in the Main menu or use Tools/Mouse actions/Hodograph menu option. It will open the Hodograph dialog box. Fig. 16.2. Hodograph Taking dialog box 1.
  • Page 75 to the signal’s path and press the left mouse button. Similarly to the air wave input case, following each click, the software will request to enter Offset (meters). Then Press ОК to confirm. As a result, a broken line will be drawn on the signal path. That should not confuse you –...
  • Page 76: Appendix A. Changing The Control Unit Ip Address

    Appendix A. Changing the Control Unit IP address 1. Turn ON Zond-12e Control Unit, computer configured according to p. 10 of present User’s Manual, start up the Prism2 software. 2. Enter Radar / Connection settings Menu option. The Ethernet connection settings dialog box appears.
  • Page 77 Note: Please use the Connection troubleshooter if the error message appears. 9. Configure new IP address of your computer compatible with the new IP address of Control Unit you set. Resetting the default IP address of Control Unit If you have forgotten or lost the Control Unit IP address, you can reset it to the default (192.168.0.10).
  • Page 78: Appendix B. Wi-Fi Access Point

    Appendix B. Wi-Fi Access Point Older versions of “Zond-12e” (with serial numbers till 0537) and “Python-3” (with serial numbers till 0027) GPRs till 2015 has Wi-Fi Access Points for wireless connection. Wi-Fi security mode is disabled by factory default. Note 2: It is not recommended to change Wi-Fi access point settings without the help of your local network administrator.
  • Page 79 Fig.B2. Wi-Fi access point security settings WEB-page. More detailed information about Wi-Fi access point settings you could find here: http://www.trendnet.com/asp/download_manager/inc_downloading.asp?iFile=17937 Starting from 2015 in “Zond-12e” (serial numbers from 0537) GPR contains internal network router that is able to automatically configure Local Area Connection settings on your (every version of Windows starting from Windows XP are configured to “Obtain an IP address automatically”).
  • Page 80: Appendix C. How To Import Zond Gpr Data Files From Prism To Voxler® 3D Software

    Appendix C. How to import Zond GPR data files from Prism to Voxler® 3D software Voxler by Golden Software, Inc. (USA) (www.goldensoftware.com) is an easy to use software for a 3D visualization of the different data types. 1. First of all user have to be sure that GPR data files are stored as SEG-Y data files in Prism software (it is usually set up as default).
  • Page 81 it and move mouse to mark files by frame) or with “Ctrl” and “Shift” keys help in the "Import” dialog. 4. You have to set SEGY Import Options as it shown on the picture bellow (Deviation from SEG-Y Specification: Litle-endian byte order, Data Type: Detect from Header, Import format: Import data as 2D Lattice.) Fig.
  • Page 82 area and then choose the menu “Graphics Output -> BoundingBox” from the context menu. 8. Each imported data module may have a lot of branches (each “Graphic Output”, “Computational” or “General Module” represents like child-module of imported data module). You can brake, connect or disconnect these branches by drag-n-drop mouse action.
  • Page 83: Appendix D. Prismclicker

    Prism Clicker Appendix D. Tool overview Prism Prism2 Clicker is a small tool which allows the software (version 2.60.02 and above) to simulate mouse clicks for third party software. It is designed to simulate different mouse clicks on remote computer by pressing “Start”, “Stop”, “Pause”, “Resume” Prism2 and “Mark”...
  • Page 84 Prism2 Fig.C2. Remoute Marking dialog window Press “OK” button to save your configuration. Configuring the connection Prism Clicker, after he has started and configured the User could start to configure Prism2 Prism Clicker tray icon and chose “Connection setup” of its .
  • Page 85 Prism Clicker connection setup dialog window Fig.C4. After you pressed “OK”, tool automatically try to connect and gives a warning if it fails. Clicks Configuration Prism Clicker tray icon and chose “Press Setup” to configure the Click on the mouse clicks emulation. First of all user has to choose the triggering commands which manage the Mouse click emulation events in the “Press Setup”...
  • Page 86 Prism Clicker Press Setup dialog window Fig.C4. Press “OK” to apply the Press Setup configuration. How it works Software is ready for using after all configurations. To start it working, you have to Prism2 Prism Clicker on the remote one. Be run the software on the host computer and sure that both computers are connected physically (by the serial, Ethernet or Wi-Fi...
  • Page 87: Appendix E. Attributes

    If you found any difficulty using our equipment, do not hesitate to contact us or our representatives by phone, e-mail or mail. We cherish sincere hopes that the equipment manufactured by our company will help you to achieve success in your business. Radar Systems, Inc. Darzauglu 1-105, Riga LV-1012, Latvia.

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