Sharp EL-738XT Operation Manual

Sharp EL-738XT Operation Manual

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FINANCIAL CALCULATOR
OPERATION MANUAL
Contents
Introduction ..................... 3
Getting Started ................ 5
General Information ........ 11
Financial Functions ......... 17
Scientific Functions ........ 60
Statistical Functions ....... 64
Appendix .......................... 72
Index ................................. 83
MODEL
EL-738XT
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Summary of Contents for Sharp EL-738XT

  • Page 1 MODEL EL-738XT FINANCIAL CALCULATOR OPERATION MANUAL Contents Page Introduction ..... 3 Getting Started ....5 General Information ..11 Financial Functions ..17 Scientific Functions ..60 Statistical Functions ..64 Appendix ......72 Index ......... 83...
  • Page 3 • SHARP will not be liable nor responsible for any incidental or consequential economic or property damage caused by misuse and/or malfunctions of this product and its peripherals, unless such liability is acknowledged by law.
  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Contents Introduction ..............3 Operational Notes ...............3 Key Notations in This Manual ..........4 Chapter 1: Getting Started .......... 5 Preparing to Use the Calculator ..........5 Resetting the Calculator In Case of Diffi culty ......5 Calculator and Display Layout ..........6 The SET UP Menu ..............8 Operating Modes...............10 Chapter 2: General Information ........
  • Page 5: Introduction

    Introduction Thank you for purchasing a SHARP Financial Calculator. After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference. • Display of examples shown in this manual may not look ex- actly the same as what is seen on the product. For instance, screen examples will show only the symbols necessary for explanation of each particular calculation.
  • Page 6: Key Notations In This Manual

    Key Notations in This Manual Key operations are described in this manual as follows: : . h ..... To specify log : 1 or 1 ....... To specify 1 To specify  xy : i V ..... To specify CLR-D : . ? ..... To specify ENT : i Z .....
  • Page 7: Chapter 1 Getting Started

    Press the RESET switch located on the back of the calculator with the tip of a ball-point pen or similar object. Do not use an object with a breakable or sharp tip. • After resetting the calculator, the initial display of the NOR- MAL mode appears.
  • Page 8: Calculator And Display Layout

    Calculator and Display Layout Calculator layout 1 Display screen 2 Power 3 Key ON/OFF and Clear key operation keys 5 Cursor keys 4 SET UP 6 MODE key 1 Display screen: The calculator display consists of a 12-char- acter dot matrix character line and a 12-digit 7-segment character line (10-digit mantissa and 2-digit exponent).
  • Page 9 Display layout Symbol Equation/ variable name display Exponent Mantissa • During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time. • Only the symbols required for the operation being explained are shown in the screen examples of this manual. : Appears when the entire equation cannot be displayed.
  • Page 10: The Set Up Menu

    DEG / RAD / GRAD : Indicates which angular units are in use. It can be changed in the SET UP menu. : Appears when statistics mode is selected. : Indicates that a numerical value is stored in the inde- pendent memory (M).
  • Page 11 Selecting the fl oating point number system in scien- tifi c notation The calculator has two settings for displaying a fl oating point number: FLO_A (FLOAT A) and FLO_B (FLOAT B). In each display set- ting, a number is automatically displayed in scientifi c notation outside the following preset ranges: ...
  • Page 12: Operating Modes

    Selecting the date format (see page 44) • US (Month-Day-Year): ~ 3 0 (default setting) • EU (Day-Month-Year): ~ 3 1 Operating Modes This calculator has two operating modes, which can be selected using the MODE key. Selecting a mode 1.
  • Page 13: Chapter 2: General Information

    Chapter 2 General Information Basic Calculations Entering numbers and arithmetic operations • Use the number keys 0 to 9 , decimal point key . , and sign change key , to enter numbers into the calcula- tor. To clear the display or entry, press s . •...
  • Page 14 Listed Cash Entry A-H, financial flow Operation (display) M, X-Z variables variables data STAT × × × × × × × × × × × × (Mode selection) . k 0 (MEM) . k 1 (RESET) RESET switch × : Cleared or restored to the default setting : Retained N, I/Y, PV, PMT, and FV (P/Y and C/Y are not included.) Note that listed fi...
  • Page 15: Editing And Correcting An Entry

    Memory clear key Press . k to display the MEM RESEt menu. • To clear all (A-H, M, X-Z, ANS, TVM variables, listed fi nancial variables, cash fl ow data, and STAT), press 0 0 or 0 = . • To RESET the calculator, press 1 0 or 1 = . The RESET operation erases all data stored in memory, and restore the calculator’s default settings.
  • Page 16: Memory Calculations

    Changing “15 ÷ 3 =” into “25 ÷ 13 =” Procedure Key operation Display s 15 8 3 = 15©3= 15 ÷ 3 = 15©3 Enter the playback function. 15©3 Switch to overwrite mode. 2 y y Change “15” to “25” 25©3 and move the cur- sor to “3”.
  • Page 17 N, I/Y, PV, PMT, FV All fi nancial variables, except for TVM variables x , sx ,  x , n ,  x ,  x , y , sy ,  y ,  y ,  y , ...
  • Page 18 of calculation (for example, both bond calculations and the TVM solver use the variable I/Y), you can retrieve the value simply by switching calculation types and bringing up the variable. Statistical variables Statistical data is not entered into variables. Statistical variables are the results of the calculation of statistical data.
  • Page 19: Chapter 3 Financial Functions

    Chapter 3 Financial Functions General Information Financial calculations The following fi nancial functions are available. Use NORMAL mode to perform fi nancial calculations. TVM (Time Value of Money) solver: Analyze equal and regular cash fl ows. These include calculations for mortgages, loans, leases, savings, annuities and contracts or investments with regular payments.
  • Page 20 Variables used in fi nancial calculations Financial calculations use multiple variables. By entering known values into variables, you can obtain unknown values. Variables used in fi nancial calculations are categorized into the following two types, depending on the entry method. TVM variables: Variables that are used in the TVM solver.
  • Page 21 Basic variable operations TVM variables (N, I/Y, PV, PMT, FV) A. Entering a value Enter a value and then press the corresponding TVM vari- able key. Note: You can also enter values into variables using arithmetic operations. Ex. 100 x 12 u B.
  • Page 22 The ENT and COMP symbols Listed fi nancial variables are categorized by whether they are known or unknown. When the variable is selected (displayed), the “ENT” and/or “COMP” symbols will appear to indicate that the current variable may be entered (known variable) and/or calculated (unknown variable), respectively.
  • Page 23 Compound interest This calculator assumes interest is compounded periodically in fi nancial calculations (compound interest). Compound inter- est accumulates at a predefi ned rate on a periodic basis. For example, money deposited in a passbook saving account at a bank accumulates a certain amount of interest each month, increasing the account balance.
  • Page 24: Tvm (Time Value Of Money) Solver

    TVM (Time Value of Money) Solver Analyze equal and regular cash fl ows. These include calcula- tions for mortgages, loans, leases, savings, annuities, and contracts or investments with regular payments. Note: Discounted cash fl ow analysis can be done using un- equal cash fl...
  • Page 25 3. Enter values into TVM solver variables. • Enter a value and press the appropriate TVM variable key ( N , f , , u , t ). • Press . w and then enter a value for P/Y. The same value is automatically assigned to C/Y as well.
  • Page 26 Procedure Key operation Display Set all the variables to default values. Make sure ordinary annuity is set (BGN is not displayed). P/Y= Set the number of pay- 1200 ments per year to 12. The number of compounding periods per year is automatically set to the same value as P/Y.
  • Page 27 Calculating basic loan payments Calculate the quarterly payment for a $56,000 mortgage loan at 6.5% compounded quarterly during its 20-year amortization period. PV = $56,000 I/Y = 6.5% FV = 0 ..PMT = ? ×...
  • Page 28 Calculating future value You will pay $200 at the end of each month for the next three years into a savings plan that earns 6.5% compounded quar- terly. What amount will you have at the end of period if you continue with the plan? FV = ? I/Y = 6.5% (quarterly)
  • Page 29 Calculating present value You open an account that earns 5% compounded annually. If you wish to have $10,000 twenty years from now, what amount of money should you deposit now? FV = $10,000 N = 20 years PV = ? I/Y = 5% Procedure Key operation...
  • Page 30 Specifying payments due ( . " This calculator can select ordinary annuity or annuity due de- pending on the regular cash fl ow (payment) conditions. Ordinary annuity (END): This is the default setting for fi nancial calculations. BGN is not displayed.
  • Page 31 Procedure Key operation Display s 18 N 18~N Enter the total number 1800 of payments. 300000 t 3—————~FV Enter the future value. 30000000 —~PV Set the present value to zero. 3.6 f 3.6~I/Y Enter the annual inter- est rate. PMT= Calculate payment.
  • Page 32 Procedure Key operation Display The number of compounding periods per year is automatically set to 12. Press s to exit the P/Y and C/Y settings. s 60 N 6 —~N Enter the total number 6000 of payments. , 17500 t Enter the future value.
  • Page 33 Procedure Key operation Display Set all the variables to default values. . " Set to annuity due (BGN is displayed). . w 12 Q P/Y= Set the number of pay- 1200 ments per year to 12. The number of compounding periods per year is automatically set to 12.
  • Page 34 Procedure Key operation Display Set all the variables to default values. Make sure ordinary annuity is set (BGN is not displayed). . w 12 Q P/Y= Set the number of pay- 1200 ments per year to 12. The number of compounding periods per year is automatically set to 12. Press s to exit the P/Y and C/Y settings.
  • Page 35: Amortization Calculations

    Amortization Calculations Calculate and create amortization schedules using values stored in the TVM solver. Note: Prior to using amortization, you need to enter values into TVM variables. Variables used in amortization Variable Description Default value AMRT P1 Start of payment (nth time) AMRT P2 End of payment (nth time) BALANCE...
  • Page 36 8. Press i to calculate the next period of the amortization schedule. 9. Repeat steps 5 to 7 above. • If you press @ during “AMRT P1” and “AMRT P2” entry, the values for the next period of payment will be automatically calculated and displayed.
  • Page 37 Procedure Key operation Display ÍPRINCIPAL= Display the principal -104852 paid. ÍINTEREST= Display the interest -203428 paid. 3. Calculate the amortization schedule for the second year. Procedure Key operation Display i 6 Q Change amortization schedule to the second year and enter 6 (Janu- AMRT P1= ary) for the starting payment.
  • Page 38 Calculating payments, interest, and loan bal- ance after a specifi ed payment You have taken out a 30-year loan for $500,000, with an annual interest rate of 8.5%. If, after the 48th period, you want a balloon payment due, what amount of monthly payment must you make with monthly compounding and how much will the balloon pay- ment be? Procedure...
  • Page 39: Discounted Cash Flow Analysis

    Discounted Cash Flow Analysis Analyze unequal cash fl ows and calculate the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR). Note: Use the TVM solver for equal and regular cash fl ow analysis (see page 22). Entering cash fl ow data To fi...
  • Page 40 Procedure Key operation Display Bring up the initial dis- play in NORMAL mode. , 25000 J DATA SET:CF Enter cash fl ow data. 7000 J DATA SET:CF 9000 J DATA SET:CF 5000 > 2 J DATA SET:CF 8000 J DATA SET:CF If there is cash fl...
  • Page 41 • Press . z or . i to jump to the fi rst or the last data item, respectively. • Each data item is displayed in the form CF Dn= (cash fl ow value) or CF Nn= (frequency), where n indicates the data set number.
  • Page 42 Procedure Key operation Display , 30000 J Change the fi rst cash CF D—= fl ow value from –25,000 -3000000 to –30,000. i i i i CF N3= Change the frequency i i i 1 J of 5000 from 2 to 1. .
  • Page 43 2. Enter cash fl ow data. • Refer to page 37 for instructions on entering cash fl ow data. 3. Press . < to begin discounted cash fl ow analysis. • If a previously entered cash fl ow value is displayed, press s to exit and then press .
  • Page 44 Procedure Key operation Display , 12000 J DATA SET:CF Enter cash fl ow data. 3000 J DATA SET:CF 5000 > 3 J DATA SET:CF 4000 J DATA SET:CF Return to the initial dis- play in NORMAL mode. If there is cash fl ow data stored, press > . b to clear it.
  • Page 45 $80,000 $80,000 $80,000 $80,000 $80,000 –$20,000 –$50,000 –$50,000 –$50,000 –$100,000 1. Enter the cash fl ow data. Procedure Key operation Display Bring up the initial dis- play in NORMAL mode. , 50000 > 2 DATA SET:CF Enter cash fl ow data. , 150000 J DATA SET:CF 80000 >...
  • Page 46: Bond Calculations

    Bond Calculations Using bond calculations, you can obtain bond prices, yields to maturity, and accrued interest. Variables used in bond calculations Variable Description Default value COUPON (PMT) Annual coupon rate (%) REDEMPT (FV) Redemption value M-D-Y 1 Settlement date (date of bond pur- 1-1-2001 chase) M-D-Y 2...
  • Page 47 Basic operations Refer to page 19 for basic variable operations. 1. Press s to clear the display. • Make sure the calculator is in NORMAL mode. 2. Select bond calculations by COUPON(PMt)= pressing # . • To end bond calculations, press s .
  • Page 48 Calculating bond price and accrued interest A $100, 20-year, 6.5% coupon bond is issued to mature on August 15, 2023. It was sold on November 3, 2006 to yield the purchaser 7.2% compounded semiannually until maturity. At what price did the bond sell? Also calculate the accrued coupon interest.
  • Page 49 Procedure Key operation Display # i i i Change the bond price PRICE(PV)= i i i 92.5 to $92.50. 9250 YIELD(I/Y)= Calculate the yield. Answer: The yield will be 7.28%. Entering dates Refer to the following notes for date entry. •...
  • Page 50: Depreciation Calculations

    Depreciation Calculations Using depreciation calculations, you can obtain depreciation base values using three types of calculation methods: the straight-line method, the sum-of-the-years’ digits method, and the declining balance method. Variables used in depreciation calculations Variable Description Default value DB (I/Y) Interest per year LIFE (N) Years of depreciation...
  • Page 51 2. Select the depreciation method (see page 48). 3. Select depreciation calculations by pressing O . ---------- • When using the declining balance method, DB (I/Y) ap- pears. Enter the number and press Q . • To end depreciation calculations, press s . If you press s during entry, any entered values will be cleared.
  • Page 52 Calculating straight-line depreciation In April, your company begins depreciation of a commercial building with a 30-year life and no salvage value. The building costs $1,500,000. Calculate the depreciation amount, remaining book value and remaining depreciable value for the third year using the straight-line depreciation method.
  • Page 53: Conversion Between Apr And Eff

    Conversion between APR and EFF Interest rates can be converted between APR (annual, or nomi- nal percentage rate) and EFF (effective interest rate). • The APR is an investment’s annual rate of interest when com- pounding happens only once a year. The interest rate printed on a bond is an example of an APR.
  • Page 54: Day And Date Calculations

    Day and Date Calculations Using day and date calculations, you can fi nd dates and the numbers of days between dates. Variables used in day and date calculations Variable Description Default value M-D-Y 1 The fi rst date 1-1-2001 M-D-Y 2 The last date 1-1-2001 DAYS...
  • Page 55 Calculating number of days Calculate the number of days between December 25, 2008 and August 10, 2009 (using US date format and the actual calendar). Procedure Key operation Display Bring up the initial dis- play in NORMAL mode. K . b Select day and date calculations, and set all M-D-Y 1=[MO]...
  • Page 56: Percent Change/Compound Interest Calculations

    Procedure Key operation Display M-D-Y 2=[MO] Move to the last date 2-21-2011 and calculate. Answer: The last date is February 21, 2011. Percent Change/Compound Interest Cal- culations Using percent change/compound interest calculations, you can determine the values of percentage rates of change (increase or decrease) or interest rates compounding periodically.
  • Page 57 Calculating percent change Sales in a company were $75,000 during the fi rst year of opera- tion. The second year’s sales were $116,000. What percentage greater were the second year’s sales than fi rst year’s sales? In this calculation, the number of compound periods is set to 1 (default).
  • Page 58: Cost/Sell/Margin/Markup Calculations

    Procedure Key operation Display i 9800 Q NEW PRC(FV)= Enter the new value. 980000 i i 18 Q PERIODS(N)= Set the number of com- 1800 pound periods to 18. %(I/Y)= Calculate the com- pound interest rate. Answer: The compound interest rate is 1.13%. Cost/Sell/Margin/Markup Calculations Using cost/sell/margin/markup calculations, you can determine costs, selling prices, margins and markup.
  • Page 59 3. Enter the values of any two known variables as follows: Unknown variable Known variables COST SELL, and MARGIN or MARK UP SELL COST, and MARGIN or MARK UP MARGIN COST and SELL MARK UP COST and SELL Because only either MARGIN or MARK UP is used in any cost/sell/margin/markup calculation, the unused variable is given a value of “----------”.
  • Page 60: Breakeven Calculations

    Breakeven Calculations Using breakeven calculations, you can calculate fi xed cost, vari- able cost per unit, unit price, profi t and quantity. Variables used in breakeven calculations Variable Description Default value FIXED Fixed cost VARIABLE Variable cost per unit PRICE Unit price PROFIT Profi...
  • Page 61 Procedure Key operation Display $ . b Select breakeven calculations, and set all FIXED= the variables to default values. 15000 Q FIXED= Enter fi xed cost. 1500000 i 75.80 Q VARIABLE= Enter variable cost per 7580 unit. i 120 Q PRICE= Enter unit price.
  • Page 62: Chapter 4: Scientifi C Functions

    Chapter 4 Scientifi c Functions This calculator has a variety of functions. Press m 0 to select NORMAL mode and perform scientifi c calculations. • For basic calculations, see page 11. • When a listed fi nancial variable is displayed, you can enter the result of a scientifi...
  • Page 63: Scientifi C Calculations

    Scientifi c Calculations Example Key operation Display s . { 60 sin 60 = sin 60 [°] =  ~ 1 1 . cos — [rad] = cos(π© 4 )= c ( . 8 4 ) = –1 tan - ~ 1 2 .
  • Page 64: Random Functions

    Example Key operation Result 2400 4 . o = 4! = 72000 10 . q 3 = 1000 5 . p 2 = 12500 500 x 25 . % What is 25% of 500? 3000 120 8 400 . % What percentage of 400 is 120?
  • Page 65: Modify Function

    Random integer An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by pressing . | 3 = . To generate further random numbers in succession, press = for each number. Press s to exit. Example Key operation Display RANDOMx1—= s .
  • Page 66: Chapter 5: Statistical Functions

    Chapter 5 Statistical Functions Statistical calculations can be performed in STAT mode. The symbol will be visible if you are in STAT mode. There are seven sub-modes within STAT mode, corresponding to each of the functions below: Key operation Sub-mode Display Stat —...
  • Page 67 • You can enter a total of up to 100 statistical and/or cash fl ow data items. For single-variable data, a data set without a frequency is counted as one data item, and a data set with an assigned frequency is counted as two data items. For two- variable data, a data set without a frequency is counted as two data items, while a data set with an assigned frequency is counted as three data items.
  • Page 68 Confi rming and editing data • Use z / i to display a data item from a previously entered data set. Data set number 1000 x value Data set number 2000 y value Data set number FRQ1= 1100 Frequency • Press . z or . i to jump to the fi rst or last data item, respectively.
  • Page 69: Statistical Calculations And Variables

    Editing statistical data Change the previously entered data from page 65 as follows: DATA DATA Procedure Key operation Display Display the statistical 3000 data. i i 45 J FRQ2= Change the “40, 2” data i 3 J set to “45, 3”. i .
  • Page 70 The estimate of y for a given x (estimate y ´) and the estimate of x for a given y (estimate x ´) can also be found. When there are two x values, the COMP symbol will appear. Press @ to switch between x values.
  • Page 71 Single-variable statistical calculation Example Key operation Result m 1 0 . — DATA DATA SET= 95 J DATA SET= 80 J DATA SET= DATA SET= 75 > 3 J DATA SET= 50 J 7571 – x 1237  x = σ...
  • Page 72 Linear regression calculation Example Key operation Result m 1 1 DATA DATA SET= 2 > 5 J DATA SET= DATA SET= 12 > 24 J DATA SET= 21 > 40 > 3 J DATA SET= 15 > 25 J sx = 1567 sy = 3 .
  • Page 73 Quadratic regression calculation Example Key operation Result m 1 2 DATA DATA SET= 12 > 41 J DATA SET= 8 > 13 J DATA SET= 5 > 2 J DATA SET= 23 > 200 J DATA SET= 15 > 71 J -312 2449 10 .
  • Page 74: Appendix

    Appendix Financial Calculation Formulas TVM solver PMT, PV, FV, N If PMT  0 or N  1 then fi nd i using the fol- lowing equations: Error Error i  –1 Amortization calculations Calculations (for PV, PMT, and i, see the TVM solver) END INT(1) = ROUND(–PV ...
  • Page 75 Bond calculations In its bond calculations, this calculator conforms to rules set up by the book titled Standard Securities Calculation Methods, by Jan Mayle, Securities Industry Association, 1993. Bond calculation is based on the following rules: 1. Whenever the redemption date happens to be the last day of a month, coupons are also paid on the last days of months.
  • Page 76 Depreciation calculations ROUND(NUM): If a display notation tab setting has been chosen, NUM is rounded and truncated to the specifi ed number of places after the decimal point. In the following equations, M01 = START MONTH, LIF = LIFE(N), CST = COST(PV), SAL = SALVAGE(FV), and DB = DB(I/Y).
  • Page 77: Statistical Calculation Formulas

    30/360 Statistical Calcula- tion Formulas 1. Adjust D1 and D2 according to the fol- lowing rules: Type Regression formula (1) If D2 and D1 are both the last day of Linear y = a + bx February, change D2 to 30. (2) If D1 is the last day of February, Quadratic y = a + bx + cx...
  • Page 78: Errors And Calculation Ranges

    Errors and Calculation Ranges Errors An error will occur if an operation exceeds the calculation rang- es, or if a mathematically illegal operation is attempted. When an error occurs, pressing g or y automatically moves the cursor back to the place in the equation where the error oc- curred.
  • Page 79 Equation too long (Error 4): • The equation exceeded its maximum input buffer (160 charac- ters). An equation must be shorter than 160 characters. No solution (Error 5): • The iteration limit was exceeded while calculating one of the following values in an overly complex problem: •...
  • Page 80 Calculation ranges of functions • Within the ranges specifi ed, this calculator is accurate to within ±1 of the least signifi cant digit of the mantissa. However, a calculation error increases in continuous calculations due to accumulation of each calculation error. (This is the same for fi nancial calculations, scientifi...
  • Page 81 Function Calculation range <  log y < 100 ( x  0) • y > 0: –10 — • y = 0: 0 <  x < 10 • y < 0: x = 2n – 1 (0 <  | x | < 1: = n, x ...
  • Page 82: Battery Replacement

    Battery Replacement Notes on battery replacement Improper handling of battery can cause electrolyte leakage or explosion. Be sure to observe the following handling rules: • Make sure the new battery is the correct type. • When installing, orient the battery correctly, as indicated in the calculator.
  • Page 83: Priority Levels In Calculations

    fi g. 1 3. Remove the used battery using a ball-point pen or similar object. Do not use a mechanical pencil or any sharp or pointed object to remove the battery. (see fi g. 2) fi g. 2 4. Install one new battery. Make sure the “+” side is facing up.
  • Page 84: Specifi Cations

    3-1/32” (W)  5-29/32” (D)  15/32” (H) Weight: Approx. 94 g ( 0.21 lb.) (including battery) Battery  1 (installed), operation Accessories: manual, and hard case For more information about fi nancial calculators Visit us on the Internet at: http://sharp-world.com/calculator/...
  • Page 85: Index

    Index , 22, 23 | , 62, 63 f , 7, 15 ~ , 6, 8–10 > , 37, 51, 64 g , 7, 15 + - x 8 , 4, 11 ; , 16, 60, 61, 69 = , 11, 15 @ , 61 , , 11, 37, 61 ( ) , 11, 16, 61...
  • Page 86 Discounted cash flow analysis, Random integer, 63 17, 18, 37–43, 72 Random numbers, 62 Display layout, 7 RATE (I/Y), 18, 40, 72 Display notation, 8 RBV, 48, 74 EFF, 17, 51, 74 RDV, 48, 74 ENT (symbol), 7, 20 REDEMPT (FV), 18, 44, 73, 76 Entering dates, 47 RESET switch, 5, 12, 81 Entering numbers, 11...
  • Page 88 PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE / IMPRESO EN CHINA 19BSC(TINSEA280EHZZ)

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