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Summary of Contents for Palas Promo 2000
- Page 1 Operation Manual Light‐scattering spectrometer Promo® 2000...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO CONTENTS: 1 IMPORTANT NOTES!!! ....................... 4 2 INSTALLATION AND FIRST OPERATION ................ 5 2.1 Mains voltage check ...................... 5 2.2 Auxiliary equipment check .................... 5 3 CONNECTING THE SENSOR .................... 6 3.1 Rear side of the control unit .................. 6 3.2 Front side of the control unit ... - Page 3 ® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 6.3 High resolution capacity .................... 30 6.4 Optical measuring principle .................. 31 6.5 T‐aperture technology .................... 32 6.6 Border zone error ...................... 33 6.7 Impact of the device parameters ................. 33 7 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT: .................... 3 5 Cuvette Heating for welas® digital 1000, welas® digital 2000, welas® digital 3000, Promo® 2000, Promo® 3000, welas® 1000, welas® 2000, welas® 3000, PCS 2010, PCS 2000 .... 35 7.1 Contents ........................ 35 7.1.1 Function ........................ 35 7.1.2 Setup and cabling of the cuvette heating.............. 35 7.1.3 ...
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Page 4: Important Notes
The manufacturer is not liable for damages caused by improper operating, incorrect cleaning or the measurement of aerosols with a gas condition or composition the instrument is not specified for. The instrument may only be operated in dry rooms under atmospheric environmental pressure and at room temperature. The manufacturer will not be liable with regard to the operating guarantee, if operating takes place under different environmental conditions, such as corrosive or explosive environment, electric or electromagnetic fields, operating within areas of ionising radiation, within areas conductive to shock or vibration. To switch‐off Promo®, use the "shut down" button; Promo® shuts down then automatically. Do not switch‐off the mains switch, before the operating system shut down automatically!!! For measurements in overpressure and underpressure, a pressure‐resistant cuvette is needed. The pressure‐resistant cuvette can be installed subsequently. For this, the optics of the sensors ® has to be re‐adjusted on the premises of Palas . The pressure‐resistant cuvette is able to work under overpressure up to 10 bar. For measurements in high temperatures the pressure‐resistant cuvette can be optionally heated up to 120°C. ® Attention: It is not allowed to use a welas sensor with integrated heating in explosive areas!!! Promo® was manufactured for the system voltage defined in the correspondent order. Please check if the system voltage indicated on the identification plate corresponds to the system voltage at the place of operation. ... -
Page 5: Installation And First Operation
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 2 Installation and first operation 2.1 Mains voltage check The Promo® was set by the manufacturer to the mains voltage requested in the order. Please ver‐ ify, if the mains voltage indicated on the type label corresponds to the mains voltage at the re‐ spective place of the installation. The manufacturer is not liable for damages resulting from operation with improper mains volt‐ age!!! 2.2 Auxiliary equipment check Please also verify immediately after unpacking the instrument, if the delivery of all auxiliary equipment is complete. Besides the sensor and the control unit, the following parts should be available: Mains cable for control unit 2 optical fibres (standard length: 3 m) 1 tube for connection of internal pump to the sensor 1 cable RS232 for Modbus interface (9‐pole plug) 1 operation manual 1 CD with software ... -
Page 6: Connecting The Sensor
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 3 Connecting the sensor Operating hours counter 3.1 Rear side of the control unit Power connection RS232 Modbus with on/off switch interface Filter unit to protect the internal pump from the aerosol Outlet for sampling flow Connect the control unit to the mains supply using the mains cable. The control unit is switched‐on and switched‐off with the on/off switch. Do not switch‐off the on/off switch, before the operating system shut down automatically!!! The lamp is switched‐on by the on/off switch. The operation hour counter runs as long the power is on. The lamp has a standard lifetime of 2000 hours. In case of a lamp exchange, the hour record‐ ing has to be noted down as it cannot be reset. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ... -
Page 7: Front Side Of The Control Unit
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 3.2 Front side of the control unit Connection of detector Additional connection for lamp and optical fibre check USB connection Connection of lamp Touch display Connection of pump with yellow labelling (lamp outlet) Attention: Upon connection of the optical fibres, please pay at all costs attention that the connection at the control unit corresponds with the connection of the sensor. If the cables are connected to the wrong socket, the optical and electronic components of the instrument will be damaged! Take care: BEFORE switching on the supply unit, all optical fibres must be connected correctly to the supply unit and to the sensor! Especially when disconnecting the optical fibre from the detector of the supply unit, the supply unit must be switched off! Any failure to comply with these rules can lead to damages of optical and electronic parts of the light detector. The socket below the amperemeter serves to test the lamp efficiency of the lamp and the func‐ tionality of the optical fibre. To do such a test, the optical fibre needs to be connected from the lamp outlet to the mentioned socket. If the ammeter shows > 0,5 mA, the lamp and the fibre are ok. ... -
Page 8: Complete Connection Of The Control Unit
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 3.2.1 Complete connection of the control unit Detector connection Aerosol inlet Lamp connection Pump connection Lamp connection Detector connection Pump connection Anschluss Fibre Test Attention: Upon connection of the optical fibres, please pay at all costs attention that the connection at the control unit corresponds with the connection of the sensor. If the cables are connected to the wrong socket, the optical and electronic components of the instrument will be damaged! Take care: BEFORE switching on the supply unit, all optical fibres must be connected correctly to the supply unit and to the sensor! Especially when disconnecting the optical fibre from the detector of the supply unit, the supply unit must be switched off! Any failure to comply with these rules can lead to damages of optical and electronic parts of the light detector. Carefully plug the cables into the socket and fix by turning the screwed nut to the right. The tube of the pump must be connected to the marked pump socket and is fixed by turning it to the front. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ... -
Page 9: Connection Of The Sensor
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 3.3 Connection of the sensor 3.3.1 Upper side of the sensor Aerosol inlet connection Lamp connection Connection of the pump Optical fibre tube at the bottom side of for lamp con‐ the sensor nection Detector connection Tube of the pump connection Optical fibre for detector connection Attention: Upon connection of the optical fibres, please pay at all costs attention that the connection at the control unit corresponds with the connection of the sensor. If the cables are connected to the wrong socket, the optical and electronic components of the instrument will be damaged! Take care: BEFORE switching on the supply unit, all optical fibres must be connected correctly to the supply unit and to the sensor! Especially when disconnecting the optical fibre from the detector of the supply unit, the supply unit must be switched off! Any failure to comply with these rules can lead to damages of optical and electronic parts of the light detector. Carefully plug the cables into the socket and fix by turning the screwed nut to the right. The tube of the pump must be connected to the marked pump socket and is fixed by turning it to the front. ... -
Page 10: Bottom View Of The Sensor
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 3.3.2 Bottom view of the sensor The tube of the pump (plug connection) is plugged into the correspondent socket at the bottom side of the sensor. Connection of the pump tube to the bottom side of the sensor Pump tube with connection for sensor 3.4 Cleaning the sensor 3.4.1 How to clean the sensor First, remove the pump tube (plug connection) from the sensor housing at the bottom side of the sensor (see picture above). Then, the two hexagon cap screws have to be loosened. To do so, use the correspondent wrench. Open the two hexagon screws at upper side of the sensor After that, the measuring volume can be taken away from the sensor. Move the aerosol guide tube from the bottom side at the connection of the pump tube slowly upwards. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ... - Page 11 ® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO Aerosol inlet – Use the optical cloth to clean the two optical glasses inside. Aerosol guiding tube Optical cloth to clean the opti‐ cal glasses Clean the optical glasses inside the aerosol inlet only with an optical cloth. Never touch it with your finger. To clean the aerosol guide tube use pressurised air. The sample flow is measured and displayed. The filter element inside the filter unit on the back side of the control unit has to be cleaned from time to time and should be changed if the flow is dropping below its nominal value. Attention: ® If you have a sensor with a special cuvette (welas heatable and/or pressure‐resistant) you have to remove the optical glasses of the cuvette with a special key before you clean the cuvette with pressurised air. Clean the optical glasses of the cuvette also only with an optical cloth. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ...
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Page 12: Handling Of Light Wave Conductor Cables
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 3.5 Handling of light wave conductor cables When removing the protective cap please hold the fiber to the plug. Do not hold it to the fiber coat nor to the fiber bend protection! The fiber may not be bent too closely. The maximum bending radius of 10 cm should not be under‐run. The right for compensation does not exist in the case of natural wear and tear or damage which arises after the passage of risk due to incorrect or careless handling, excessive operational demand, unsuitable equip‐ ment or due to special influences. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ... -
Page 13: Fibertest
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 3.6 Fibertest With the fiber test you are able to check whether the light wave conductor cable is in proper con‐ dition. To do so you have to connect the cable between the light source output and the fiber test input. Attention: Never ever directly connect the light source output with the detector input; this may cause se‐ vere damage to the detector! Please use on the touch screen the button Accessoirs. This view is shown by pressing the button “suction pump/signals/digital IO" in the menu overview. Promo® has an internal control and data acquisition card. This card can optionally be used for the following purposes: control of the internal pump, recording of analogue and digital signals. Promo® can also be equipped with two temperature controllers. Additionally, Promo® continu‐ ously measures the velocity of the flow/particles within the sensor. - Page 14 ® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO Display of the measured data which are measured with the internal data acquisition card (humidity, differential pres‐ sure, temperature, absolute pressure, sensor volume flow). Status of the digital inputs and outputs. Two analogue signals are not specific. If the fiber is in good condition you will have a certain voltage indicated by the needle. The value however is depending on the quality of the light source itself but should nevertheless always be larger than 1 V. With this test you can also check the quality of your light source. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ...
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Page 15: Lamp Exchange
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 3.7 Lamp exchange The lamp must only be changed when it is cold. If the lamp module is hot due to previous opera‐ tion, please wait until it is cooled down to ambient temperature. For exchanging the lamp it is necessary to open the 4 screws in the front plate of the lamp module of the supply unit. Then the module can be pulled out by holding it on the fibre connectors. Next, the lamp connector is removed by turning it and pulling it off the connector. The 2 screws on the round plate have to be opened. Turn the plate and remove it. Now the lamp can be removed carefully. Please take care not to damage the glass part of the lamp. Insert the new lamp in the same way. 4 screws in the front plate Angle plug Pull out lamp module Connecting screws of by pulling on the fibre lamp support bracket connectors ... -
Page 16: Loss Of Warranty
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 3.8 Loss of warranty Attention: If the user removes the sealed screws – either at the side of the sensor or at the sockets of the optical fibres to the sensor, the warranty is not valid anymore!!!! Within damages made by improper handling of the heatable and/or pressure‐tight cuvette, espe‐ cially by cleaning with improper solvent cleaning, e.g. Aceton, the user will lose the warranty of the instrument. Sealed screws In this picture not all sealed screws can be seen ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ... -
Page 17: Calibration Of The Sensor With Caldust 1100
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 4 Calibration of the sensor with CalDust 1100 After lamp exchange, cleaning of the cuvette or long operation periods, the sensor must be re‐ calibrated with regard to the displayed particle size. ® As calibration standard, Palas provides with the delivery the monodisperse calibration dust “CalDust 1100”. How to calibrate: First set the number of intervals per decade to 32. Start a manual measurement of particle size distribution with „CalDust 1100 “. For this purpose, a flexible tube is attached with a fitting to the aerosol inlet of the sensor. By shaking of and knocking at the supplied container “CalDust 1100”, the particles inside the con‐ tainer are brought into an airborne condition. During the measurement, hold the tube into the container with “CalDust 1100”. Now the particles are sucked off from the air into the sensor. This display is shown by pressing the button „calibration“. This view is shown by pressing the button “calibration" in the view "size range/sensors". As soon as you start a calibration the operating modus of the device switches to "calib". After a calibration you should change the modus back to "auto", "idle" or "manual". The status of the device is also recorded by the data‐logger. ® 2010, V001032010 ... - Page 18 ® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO Each measurement range of each sensor has to be calibrated by its own. A calibration is done by changing the photomultiplier voltage (DAC) and the particle velocity. For this purpose, two dia‐ grams are shown: the raw data distribution (amplitudes of the signals in 256 raw data channels) and the time distribution (length of the signals). With the raw data distribution the amplification of the photomultiplier can be checked, with the time distribution the velocity. The automatically measured channel of the maxi‐ mum of the raw data distribution. By pressing this button, the voltage for the pho‐ tomultiplier amplification is changed. Here you can change the position of the red cross within the time distribution. The maximum is not found automatically. You have to move the red cross into the right maximum. The position is calculated into the velocity (measured velocity) by using the geometric proportions of the measuring volume. By pressing this button you change the velocity calibration for the current sensor and measurement range. This box shows you the material to be used for cali‐ bration (here: CalDust 1100). Behind the dust mate‐ rial a number (here: 130) gives you the so‐called target channel for the raw data distribution. You can also see the value for the measured velocity (related to the position of the red cross within the time distribution) and the present velocity (cali‐ brated velocity) that is currently used. ...
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Page 19: Calibration Of The Velocity
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 4.2 Calibration of the velocity: The objective that has to be achieved hereby is to change the velocity (preset velocity) to the measured velocity. You measure the velocity by moving the red cross into the right maximum within the time chart. If the gas density of your measured aerosol doesn't change you do not have ... -
Page 20: Ensuring Correct Test Conditions
PERATION ANUAL ROMO 5 Ensuring correct test conditions In case of disadvantegeous test conditions, the measuring result, i.e. the determined particle size distribution of the single measurements, can considerably differ from the actual existing values in the aerosol flow. Therefore, please pay attention to: Representative sample taking Isokinetic sampling Minimal particle losses through the aerosol transport No coincidence error Please note: Palas® regularly offers training courses about these topics. As a basic principle, the Promo® system can only measure and display data it has been registred in its optical measuring volume. That means, the aerosol sampling flow should be lead there as straight as possible. Therefore, please pay attention to: ‐ short tubes for the aerosol ‐ if possible, metal tubes, in no case longer plastic tubes (high particle separation due to elec‐ trostatic charging) ‐ vertical aerosol guiding, as bigger particles (> 5 µm) sediment respectively the aerosol sepe‐ rates As basic principle of all counting scattered light measuring technologies, just one single particle may be in the optically limited measuring volume of the sensor at the same time. This due to the fact, that the scattered light of the single particle is being evaluated for the determination of the ... -
Page 21: Methodic Errors
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO Each measurement result is being falsified by imperfection of the test methods, test setups and devices, by environmental and monitoring impacts, sometimes also by the test person’s imperfec‐ tion. Also the time changes of all mentioned error sources falsify the results. There are to be differentiated: methodic errors accidental errors gross errors 5.1.1 Methodic errors Methodic errors can arise by: Imperfection of the measuring devices and test procedures (e.g. function and calibration errors) Neglected impacts (e.g. pressure, temperature etc.) Elektrical and magnetic stray fields Lacking pureness of the substances If the measurement is repeated unter the same conditions, a methodic error occurs in the same size and with the same sign. 5.1.2 Accidental errors Accidental errors mainly arise by: ... -
Page 22: Important Comparison
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO posal as gross error. VDI 3926 Part 1 (Draft Dec. 2001) The information on the size distribution of the proposed test powder is missing. A not com‐ pletely characterized aerosol should not be specified as test aerosol. 5.2 Important comparison • Repeatability / Repeating accuracy The repeatability is a degree for the conformity of measuring results, being determined under the same conditions. The repeatability determines the scatter of the measurements. Reproducibility / Reproducibility conditions DIN 1319‐1 In contrary to the repeatability, the reproducibility refers to test conditions. The reproduci‐ bility of e.g. a filter test system can only be determined by a round‐robin test. The provid‐ ing of homogeneous filter media is an important precondition for a successful round‐robin test. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ... -
Page 23: Error Identification Of Optical Measuring Devices
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 5.3 Error identification of optical measuring devices The absolute fault f of a measuring device results, if one subtracts the value (desired abs value) X from the displayed or indicated value (actual value) X and takes the absolute value of this difference: = | X ‐X | s • The relative fault results from dividing the absolute fault through the reference value X : rel = f / X • When indicating the relative error, the reference value is to be indicated as well. As reference values can be selected e.g. the final value of the measuring range, the measur‐ ing range and/or interval width or „the correct “value. •... -
Page 24: Optical Particle Measurement
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 5.5 Optical particle measurement Scattered light procedure General test setup for a counting procedure Detector Particle flow Light source Measuring volume 5.6 Terms of optical particle measurement • Scattering: Diverson of light waves from their original direction by refraction, reflection and diffraction at small particles. • Refraction: Diverson of light waves with the transition of a transparent medium to another. • Reflection: Throwing back of light waves at the boundary surface of two media. • Diffraction: Diversion from light waves from their original direction at the boundary surface of two me‐ dia, if not refraction and reflection. • Absorption: Weakening of the light waves with the incidence at boundary surface. • Extinction: Weakening of the light waves by scattering and absorption. Transmission: ... -
Page 25: Particle Characteristics/Equivalent Diameter
circumfere As it can be seen from above formula, the real Mie‐Theory is based on the measurement of spher‐ ical single particles. This is the measuring principle of the Palas® scattered light spectrometers. <<1 Rayleigh dispersion I ~ x <10 Mie dispersion I=f (..) >>1 Geom. dispersion I ~ x ... -
Page 26: Equivalent Diameter Of
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 5.8.2 Equivalent diameter of ..a sphere with the same volume x ..a sphere with the same surface x s ..a sphere with the same projection area x ..a sphere with the same sedimentation velocity x ..a sphere with the same interference x 5.9 Optical limitation of the measuring volume With white light and a small measur‐ ing volume, a homogeneous intensity distribution in the measuring volume can be achieved. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ... -
Page 27: Resolution Capacity And Classification Accuracy
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 5.10 Resolution capacity and classification accuracy The more exactly the measured diameter d complies with the real diameter of the particles, so much the better is the classification accuracy. The smaller the distance between d and d , so much the better is the resolution capacity. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ... -
Page 28: Particle Measurement With Promo
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 6 Particle measurement with Promo® 6.1 Special features of the Promo® system due to white light source and 90° scattered light detection: ‐ clear calibration curve (also in the so called Mie‐range) due to the patented T‐aperture technology: ‐ measurements without border zone error ‐ coincidence detection very high resolution ‐ high number of measuring channels, ‐ representation of 32 classes per decade ( 60 classes per measurement range) very high classification accuracy measurement range 0.2 – 40 µm. Please note the measurement range information on the dif‐ ferent versions P (pressure‐resistant up to 10 bar), HP (heatable up to 120°C and pressure‐ ® resistant up to 10 bar) and the sensor welas 2500, for which the measurement range can de‐ viate due to technical reasons. ability to measure even in high concentrations due to white light ‐ 90° scattered light detection ‐... -
Page 29: Clear Calibration Curve
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 6.2 Clear calibration curve These curves show that a measurement device that works with laser light (fig.1 and fig. 2) does not supply a clear calibration curve within the wave length of the light. Promo® works with white light as light source and with a 90° light‐scattering. This guarantees a clear calibration curve (see fig. 5). ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ... -
Page 30: High Resolution Capacity
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 6.3 High resolution capacity ® These curves show that the welas recognises a bi‐modal distribution in the range between 0,3 m and 0,6 m. This is possible due to the high‐quality resolution capacity of this device. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ... -
Page 31: Optical Measuring Principle
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 6.4 Optical measuring principle Aerosol duct T‐aperture Optically limited measuring volume, Optical fibre connection available in different sizes This measuring volume is available in the following sizes: welas ® sensor 2070: max. concentration up to 2 x 10 P/cm³ welas ® sensor 2100: max. concentration up to 1 x 10 P/cm³ welas ® sensor 2200: max. concentration up to 1,6 x 10 P/cm³ welas ® sensor 2300: max. concentration up to 8 x 10 P/cm³ welas ® sensor 2500: max. concentration up to 8 x 10² P/cm³ Hence, the optimal sensor type for each application can be chosen. ... -
Page 32: T-Aperture Technology
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 6.5 T‐aperture technology The optical measurement functions with a white light source and 90° scattered light detection. A patented optical measuring volume makes the particle size and particle number measurement in high concentrations and without border zone error possible. Due to the patented T‐aperture, two T‐shaped quadrants are projected. Aerosol duct Mirror Optically limited measuring volume T‐aperture Light incidence T‐aperture Scattered light detection If a particle crosses both volumes in the centre, its size can be exactly determined and the number of particles counted. If a particle only moves through the upper volume, the measured value is discarded. This technology enables measurements of particle size and quantities in high concentrations with‐ out border zone errors. The measurement is displayed/corrected in coincidence due to the flight time measurement of each particle. The Promo® control unit has a lamp module with white light which enables operation up to 2000 hours without water cooling. The scattered light is being collected under an ankle of 90°. Via optical fibres it is lead to the con‐ trol and evaluation unit. The result of the measurement is displayed through a special software. The control unit can be placed up to 50 metres away from the sensor. ® 2010, V001032010 ... -
Page 33: Border Zone Error
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO The sensor is only made from optical and mechanical parts, i.e. no spark can develop. (Attention, exception: sensors with heatable cuvette!) For measurements in chemically aggressive gases, the cuvette can be produced of special stainless steel. A grounding cable avoids a possible triboelectric charging. Thus, this particle measurement system makes it possible to measure at places difficult to access, e.g. at the outlet of a very high chimney. 6.6 Border zone error Border zone error means the deviation of particle size and concentration at the edge of the mea‐ suring volume, caused by the Gaussian distribution of the laser beam. The size range is measured with a too high fine fraction. The broader the particle range, the worse the border zone error. The preliminary model PCS 2010 already had a border zone error correction. Two photomultipliers with measurement volumes of different sizes were compared. Did the comparison not correspond to the specified values, the particle was discarded. Thus, the border zone error was corrected, but not eliminated. The T‐aperture technology of Promo® allows an exact determination of size and concentration of the aerosol. 6.7 Impact of the device parameters Border zone error The particle size spectrum is measured with too many fines. The broader the particle size spectrum is measured, the more important becomes the border zone error. ... - Page 34 ® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO Classification precision During correlation measurements (e.g. with impactors), the correlation factor becomes bet‐ ter, the higher is the classification precision. Instruments with a good classification precision over the total measurement range supply re‐ liable distributions. Resolution capacity During correlation measurements (e.g. with impactors), the correlation factor becomes bet‐ ter, the higher is the resolution capacity. Instruments with a high resolution capacity are able to measure bi‐ and tri‐modal distributions that are located close to each other. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ...
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Page 35: Optional Equipment
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 7 Optional Equipment: Cuvette Heating for welas® digital 1000, welas® digital 2000, welas® digital 3000, Promo® 2000, Promo® 3000, welas® 1000, welas® 2000, welas® 3000, PCS 2010, PCS 2000 7.1 Contents 1. Function 2. Set up and cabeling of the cuvette heating 3. Operating the controller 4. Maintenance and Cleaning 5. Technical Data 7.1.1 Function In certain applications it is necessary to heat up the cuvette of the above mentioned instruments, especially when the aerosol has a high humidity. Heating is necessary because the temperature of the cuvette has to be higher than the dew point of the aerosol to avoid condensation of the hu‐ midity on the glasses of the cuvette. This condensation would disturb the measurement which is taken through these windows. As second, particles from a hot aerosol are transported towards cold surfaces by diffusion and contaminate theses surfaces. This process can be reduced by heating the surfaces of the aerosol transporting ways (tubes). Due to this, not only the cuvette should be heated, but also the whole way of the aerosol from the place where the aerosol sample is taken. The cuvette is heated by inserted heating elements. The temperature is measured with a sensor and the heating power is regulated by a temperature controller to a preset value. 7.1.2 Setup and cabling of the cuvette heating ... - Page 36 ® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 7.1.3 Maintenance and Cleaning To check if the glasses of the cuvette are clean, simply remove the light trap of the sensor unit. The LED for pm‐voltage (marked as 'measuring' or 'PM active' ) has to be switched off (by use of software) and the lamp has to be switched on. To see if the glasses need cleaning, look at the front glass, if it is dirty or not. Do not stare into the light beam! This may be dangerous for your eyes!! To take the cuvette out of sensor unit, remove the connections of the tube and unscrew the two screws that hold the cuvette. Then the cuvette can be taken out by pulling it on the upper tube and pushing it in the same time on the lower part of the tube. When the cuvette is taken out of the sensor unit, you can check the glass windows by looking through. Please note: all small contaminations have to be removed. Sometimes glasses look clean but they may be covered by liquid (after measuring e.g. DEHS or oil from nebulisers). If necessary, take out the glasses of the cuvette by unscrewing the rings which hold the glasses with the special unscrewing tool supplied with the cuvette. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ...
- Page 37 ® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO When taking out the glasses, please keep in mind how they were inserted. After cleaning, they have to be reinserted exactly in the same way. The optical glasses can be cleaned with optical tissue or using clean acetone and a tissue. Take care not to damage the surface of the glasses. Whenever they are damaged, they have to be replaced by optical glasses of the same thickness and same surface quality (in most cases, the glasses have to be coated). Insert the glasses and the tightenings in the same way as they have been inserted before. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ...
- Page 38 ® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO There are mainly 3 types of how optical glasses are mounted: ‐ the o‐ring is lying around the pane of glass ‐ the o‐ring is placed on the pane of glass (as in the picture) ‐ a Teflon‐tightening is placed below the pane of glass Before reinserting the cuvette to the sensor unit, please check the front lenses of the optical sys‐ tem for contamination. They should be protected from dirt by the cuvette, but sometimes it hap‐ pens that there are particles or dirt on the lenses and then they have to be wiped with optical tis‐ sue. ® 2010, V001032010 ALAS ARCH ERSION ...
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Page 39: Technical Data
® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO 8 Technical Data ® Size of optical measuring volume welas 2070: approx. 66 µm x 68 µm x 68 µm* ® (WxDxH) ‐ standard values for welas 2100: approx. 81 µm x 77 µm x 77 µm* ® welas 2200: approx. 172µm x 155 µm x 155 µm* welas standard sensors ® welas 2300: approx. 144 µm x 227 µm x 227 µm* ® welas 2500: approx. 313 µm x 493 µm x 493 µm* welas ® sensor 2070: Maximum concentration for max. concentration up to 2 x 10 P/cm³ 10 % coincidence error welas ® sensor 2100: ... - Page 40 ® 2000 PERATION ANUAL ROMO Power consumption 200 W frequency 47‐63 Hz Dimensions HxWxD Promo® control unit: 190 mm x 450 mm x 370 mm Sensor: 50 mm x 100 mm x 250 mm Environmental conditions To be used only in dry rooms allowed temperature range: from 10°C to 30 °C maximum relative humidity: 80 % sound emission: << 85 dBA Do not dew sensor or electronics! Cleaning The housings can be cleaned with non‐aggressive detergents (e.g. household detergent) or spirit. For cleaning of optical lenses, see correspondent chap‐ ter in operation manual. Weight Promo® control unit: 13 kg Sensor: 3 kg Technical data are subject to change. * The real size of the measuring volume is indicated in the software. ® 2010, V001032010 ...
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