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Infineon TC1782 Application Note

Scalable pads
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TC1782 Scalable Pads
Timing and Electromagnetic Emission
AP32146
A pplication Note
V1.0 2010-01
Microcontrollers

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Summary of Contents for Infineon TC1782

  • Page 1 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission AP32146 A pplication Note V1.0 2010-01 Microcontrollers...
  • Page 2 Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life.
  • Page 3 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Revision History: V1.0, 2010-01 Previous Version: none Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) We Listen to Your Comments Is there any information in this document that you feel is wrong, unclear or missing? Your feedback will help us to continuously improve the quality of this document.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Load charging............................7 2.2.2 Signal integrity............................8 2.2.3 Power integrity / Electromagnetic emission ..................12 TC1782 test configuration .......................14 Specified timings ..........................16 Measured timings..........................17 Measurement conditions and naming conventions................17 Measured rise/fall times for Class A1 drivers..................20 Measured rise/fall times for Class A1+ drivers...................21 Measured rise/fall times for Class A2 drivers..................23...

  • Page 5: Preface

    (25°C). Important notes: The information given in this application note is valid for Infineon microcontrollers of the AudoMax family, fabricated in 90 nm CMOS technology. Please note that all numbers given in this application note are not guaranteed in the microcontroller data sheets.

  • Page 6: Introduction

    TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Introduction The output driver scaling principle of the TC1782 microcontroller is shown in Figure 2. The driver configuration is possible by setting corresponding control bits in the port-related output control registers. Pad driver scaling in detail Basically, we distinguish between driver control and edge control.

  • Page 7: Physical Basics

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Physical basics Two main constraints have to be met when deciding for a certain clock driver setting: signal integrity and power integrity. Signal integrity must be maintained for all signals driven by the microcontroller. Conditions for good signal integrity are: Maximal desired signal frequency is reached.

  • Page 8: Signal Integrity

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission effects are discussed in chapter 2.2.3. Not only the pad driver impedance, but also the connected capacitive load determines the electromagnetic emission amplitudes. Figure 4 illustrates the differences in charging current and voltage between a capacitive load of 40pF and one of 20pF.
  • Page 9 Figure 5 and thus not identical to the physical realization of these drivers. For signal shapes and signal integrity discussion of the real physical TC1782 drivers please refer to chapters 5 and 7 and Annex A.
  • Page 10 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 6: Signal integrity for various driver settings at 1MHz clock signal Figure 7: Signal integrity for various driver settings at 10MHz clock signal Figure 8: Signal integrity for various driver settings at 100MHz clock signal Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 11 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 9: The PCB trace length determines the signal integrity significantly. Longer traces lead to increased over- and undershoot due to the larger inductive and capacitive components of the trace according the transmission line theory.

  • Page 12: Power Integrity / Electromagnetic Emission

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 11: Signal integrity for strong-soft driver at various microstrip line lengths 2.2.3 Power integrity / Electromagnetic emission Any switching between low and high voltage levels generates RF noise. Responsible for this electromagnetic energy is the dynamic current which is required to charge and discharge a lot of on-chip and off-chip nodes.
  • Page 13 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission electromagnetic emission (EME) of trapezoidal pulses (as are typical clock waveforms) is determined by the signal frequency and the signal slopes. In the emission spectrum, the limit curve is determined by two kneepoints which separate the limit curve in damping sections of 0dB/decade, -20dB/decade and -40dB/decade.

  • Page 14: Tc1782 Test Configuration

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission TC1782 test configuration Timing measurements were performed at 3 pins, representing the 3 pad driver classes: Port pin P1.13 = Class A1 pin (low speed 3.3 V LVTTL output) Port pin P5.1 = Class A1+ pin (medium speed 3.3 V LVTTL output) Port pin P2.0 = Class A2 pin (high speed 3.3 V LVTTL output)
  • Page 15 Class A1+ and A2 pins make it possible to select between strong/medium/weak output drivers. In case of strong driver type, the signal transition edge can be additionally selected as soft/slow (Class A1+) or sharp/sharp-minus/medium/medium-minus/soft (Class A2). For details on the register structure and bit configurations please refer to the TC1782 specification. Pad Class PDx.2 PDx.1...

  • Page 16: Specified Timings

    TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Specified timings Rise/fall times are specified for the TC1782 operating conditions: T < 150°C and VDDP = 3.3 V ± 5%. A junction temperature T of 150°C corresponds to an ambient temperature of T <...

  • Page 17: Measured Timings

    Capacitive load according TC1782 specification in 6 steps for strong-sharp drivers: 10pF, 15pF, 22pF, 33pF, 47pF, 100pF • Capacitive load according TC1782 specification in 5 steps for all strong driver settings except strong- sharp: 10pF, 15pF, 22pF, 33pF, 47pF •...
  • Page 18 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 14: Voltage level references for timing measurement at VDDP=3.3V The results given in Tables 6-8 and in the diagrams of sections 4.5 to 4.8 show the measured rising and falling edge timings. The reference points are 10% and 90% as indicated in Figure 14.
  • Page 19 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Test Name Driver strength Lumped load capacitance Class A1 Class A1+ Class A2 WEA-10pF Weak 10pF WEA-15pF Weak 15 pF WEA-22pF Weak 22 pF WEA-33pF Weak 33 pF WEA-47pF Weak 47 pF...

  • Page 20: Measured Rise/Fall Times For Class A1 Drivers

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Sections 5.2 to 5.4 list the measured 10% / 90% rise and fall times of all driver, load and ambient temperature conditions, while the I/O supply is kept at nominal value VDDP=3.30V. The last row in every table (section 5.2) lists the slowest measured rise/fall times under worst case conditions (VDDP = 3.30V-5% = 3.13V;...

  • Page 21: Measured Rise/Fall Times For Class A1+ Drivers

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission A1 MEDIUM =150pF =1500pF =20000pF (°C) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) 46,9 37,5 5190 3280 49,9 40,6 5520 3540 51,7 42,0 5700 3670 53,2 43,6 5810 3770 57,7 47,2 6180 4070...
  • Page 22 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission A1+ MEDIUM =10pF =15pF =22pF =33pF =47pF (°C) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) 10,73 12,12 13,84 13,62 13,69 14,62 16,19 16,66 20,92 19,45 11,83 13,05 14,31 14,97...

  • Page 23: Measured Rise/Fall Times For Class A2 Drivers

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Measured rise/fall times for Class A2 drivers A2 WEAK =10pF =15pF =22pF =33pF =47pF (°C) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) 31,49 37,86 39,13 44,44 44,86 49,72 51,25...
  • Page 24 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission A2 MEDIUM =150pF =1500pF =20000pF (°C) t (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) 40,6 34,4 5140 2810 45,6 37,6 5330 3020 46,5 39,0 5430 3110 48,1 40,5 5600 3210 52,1 43,7 5970...
  • Page 25 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Table 8: Pad driver class A2 – measured rise and fall times (second part) A2 STRONG- SHARP- MINUS =10pF =15pF =22pF =33pF =47pF (°C) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (ns) (°C) (ns) (ns)

  • Page 26: Rise/Fall Time Diagrams For Class A1 Drivers

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Rise/fall time diagrams for Class A1 drivers Weak Driver Rise/Fall Times over Temperature 3.3V Pad Supply; Pad Class A1 100,00 90,00 80,00 WEA 10 pF Rise Time WEA 10 pF Fall Time...

  • Page 27: Rise/Fall Time Diagrams For Class A1+ Drivers

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Rise/fall time diagrams for Class A1+ drivers Weak Driver Rise/Fall Times over Temperature 3.3V Pad Supply; Pad Class A1+ 110,00 100,00 90,00 WEA 10 pF Rise Time WEA 10 pF Fall Time...
  • Page 28 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Strong Driver Slow-Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure 3.3V Pad Supply; Pad Class A1+ 22,00 21,00 20,00 19,00 18,00 SSL 10 pF Rise Time 17,00 SSL 10 pF Fall Time SSL 15 pF Rise Time...

  • Page 29: Rise/Fall Time Diagrams For Class A2 Drivers

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Rise/fall time diagrams for Class A2 drivers Weak Driver Rise/Fall Times over Temperature 3.3V Pad Supply; Pad Class A2 100,00 90,00 80,00 WEA 10 pF Rise Time WEA 10 pF Fall Time...
  • Page 30 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Strong Driver Soft-Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperaure 3.3V Pad Supply; Pad Class A2 12,00 11,00 10,00 SSO 10 pF Rise Time SSO 10 pF Fall Time 9,00 SSO 15 pF Rise Time...
  • Page 31 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Strong Driver Medium-Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperature 3.3V Pad Supply; Pad Class A2 4,50 4,00 3,50 SME 10 pF Rise Time SME 10 pF Fall Time SME 15 pF Rise Time 3,00...
  • Page 32 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Strong Driver Sharp-Edge Rise/Fall Times over Temperature 3.3V Pad Supply; Pad Class A2 2,50 2,00 SSH 10 pF Rise Time SSH 10 pF Fall Time SSH 15 pF Rise Time SSH 15 pF Fall Time...

  • Page 33: Rise/Fall Time Diagrams For Increased Capacitive Loads

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Rise/fall time diagrams for increased capacitive loads Weak Driver 150pF Rise/Fall Times over Temperature 3.3V Pad Supply; Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2 A2 WEA 150pF Rise Time A2 WEA 150pF Fall Time...
  • Page 34 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Weak Driver 1500pF Rise/Fall Times over Temperature 3.3V Pad Supply; Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 A2 WEA 1500pF Rise Time A2 WEA 1500pF Fall Time 1400 A1+ WEA 1500pF Rise Time...
  • Page 35 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Weak Driver 20nF Rise/Fall Times over Temperature 3.3V Pad Supply; Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2 24000 22000 20000 A2 WEA 20nF Rise Time 18000 A2 WEA 20nF Fall Time A1+ WEA 20nF Rise Time...
  • Page 36 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Strong Driver Sharp-Edge 100pF Rise/Fall Times over Temperature; 3.3V PadSupply; PadClass A2 4,50 4,00 SSH 100 pF Rise Time 3,50 SSH 100 pF Fall Time 3,00 2,50 Ambient Temperature [°C] Figure 34: Rise/fall times for Class A2 strong-sharp driver setting at VDDP=3.30V and 100pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...

  • Page 37: Measured Electromagnetic Emission

    To illustrate the benefits of driver scaling for low EME, some sample measurement results are provided. The measurements have been performed under the following operating conditions: All function units of the TC1782 were active according Table 9. The pad drivers were active according Table 10. Please note that only special function drivers have been activated;...
  • Page 38 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Function unit Operating mode Settings • system clock generation • system clock = 180.0 MHz • cyclicSPRAM copy (address 0xC0000000 first 8K • module clock = 180.0 MHz to last 8K and reverse) •...
  • Page 39 ADC0/1 • 16 channels per autoscan • digital clock = 80 MHz • 10Bit resolution • analog clock = 10 MHz Table 9: Operating modes and settings of TC1782 function units Active pads Pad function Pad class Driver config. reg.
  • Page 40 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission P3.2 SSC0 P3_PDR.PDASC0 P3.3 SSC0 (A1+) pull-down P3_PDR.PDASC0 P3.4 SSC0 P3_PDR.PDASC0 P3.5 SSC0_SLSO P3_PDR.PDASC0 P3.6 SSC0_SLSO P3_PDR.PDASC0 P3.7 SSC0_SLSO P3_PDR.PDASC0 P3.8 RX1DA P3_PDR.PD1 P3.9 TX1DA P3_PDR.PD1 P3.12 RXDCAN0 (A1) pull-down P3_PDR.PD1 P3.13 TXDCAN0 P3_PDR.PD1...

  • Page 41: Description Of Test Equipment

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Description of test equipment 6.2.1 Conducted emission test configuration Conducted emission is measured using the standardized 150Ω network, see Figure 30. This network is used for both port and power supply emission measurements. The frequency range is from 150kHz to 1000MHz.

  • Page 42: Measurement Settings

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission 6.2.3 Measurement settings Spectrum analyzer: Rohde & Schwarz FSP7 Frequency range: 150kHz to 1GHz Bandwidth RBW: 10kHz Detector type: Peak detector Dwell time: 10ms Pre-Amplifier: internal Measurement time: For all measurements, the emission measurement time (dwell time 10ms) at frequency is longer than the test software loop duration.

  • Page 43: Emission Test Result Discussion

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Emission test result discussion Note: To eliminate emission effects not caused by the microcontroller, the diagrams in Figures 32 to 43 cut the frequency above 800MHz because of GSM disturbance around 900MHz.
  • Page 44 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Conducted electromagnetic emission 150kHz - 800MHz on I/O supply net for all driver settings at 10pF load VDDP = 3.30V / Ambient temperature = 25°C Frequency/MHz strong sharp strong sharp-minus strong medium...
  • Page 45 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Conducted electromagnetic emission 150kHz - 800MHz on I/O supply net for all driver settings at 47pF load VDDP = 3.30V / Ambient temperature = 25°C Frequency/MHz strong sharp strong sharp-minus strong medium...
  • Page 46 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Conducted electromagnetic emission 150kHz - 800MHz on I/O supply net for strong sharp driver settings at 10pF load slow (VDDP=3.13V/Ta=150°C) / nom (VDDP=3.30V/Ta=25°C) / fast (VDDP=3.47V/Ta=-40°C) Frequency/MHz SLOW 150°C - 3.13V NOM 25°C - 3.30V FAST -40°C - 3.47V...
  • Page 47 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Conducted electromagnetic emission 150kHz - 800MHz on I/O supply net for all Class A2 strong driver settings at 47pF load VDDP = 3.30V / Ambient temperature = 25°C Frequency/MHz strong sharp strong sharp-minus...
  • Page 48 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Conducted electromagnetic emission 150kHz - 800MHz on I/O supply net VDDP for strong sharp-minus driver setting at 47pF load Frequency/MHz Figure 45: Conducted emission spectrum for strong-sharp-minus driver setting at 47pF Conducted electromagnetic emission 150kHz - 800MHz...
  • Page 49 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Conducted electromagnetic emission 150kHz - 800MHz on I/O supply net VDDP for strong medium-minus driver setting at 47pF load Frequency/MHz Figure 47: Conducted emission spectrum for strong-medium-minus driver setting at 47pF Conducted electromagnetic emission 150kHz - 800MHz...
  • Page 50 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Conclusion: Generally all strong driver settings (strong-sharp, strong-sharp-minus, strong-medium, strong-medium-minus, strong-soft) lead to considerable emission. Consequently, all “low-speed” signals up to ca. 5MHz should be driven by medium or weak drivers. All “high-rate” signals above ca. 5MHz require strong driver settings in order to achieve good signal integrity.

  • Page 51: Recommended Pad Driver Settings

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Recommended pad driver settings Signal categories In the previous chapters, many detailed data was provided for the impact of driver settings and load capacitance on the resulting rise and fall times as well as on conducted and radiated emission.

  • Page 52: Decision Tables And Diagrams

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Driver Edge Signal category Capacitive DC Current configuration configuration Load STRONG SHARP System clock >40MHz Medium 2.5 / 10 mA STRONG MEDIUM System clock >20MHz 2.5 / 10 mA High-speed data lines...
  • Page 53 Figure 49: Assumed rise/fall timing conditions related to signal period T Please note that all values given in this chapter are proposals for system application designers using Infineon TC1782 microcontrollers in 90nm CMOS technology. They are based on timing measurements performed on center lot devices.
  • Page 54 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 45 shows an example of a decision diagram. The title of each diagram indicates the conditions (Edge-to- period ratio, I/O voltage VDDP, ambient temperature) for the shown values: Edge is alwaysr “T/6” (meaning the rise time and the fall time take each 1/6 of the data rate period).

  • Page 55: Decision Table For Pad Class A2

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission 7.2.1 Decision table for pad class A2 140°C 10pF 15pF 22pF 33pF 47pF 100pF 150pF 1500pF 20nF SSH 189,97 160,79 133,84 100,99 74,30 57,38 88,91 72,46 65,90 56,88 47,85 59,65 52,58 48,78...
  • Page 56 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Decision table for pad class A2 (continued): 25°C 10pF 15pF 22pF 33pF 47pF 100pF 150pF 1500pF 20nF SSH 242,60 192,01 158,73 123,46 91,07 72,05 SSM 107,53 92,08 82,51 74,07 61,50 79,37 69,44...

  • Page 57: Decision Table For Pad Class A1

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission 7.2.2 Decision table for pad class A1+ 140°C 10pF 15pF 22pF 33pF 47pF 150pF 1500pF 20nF SSO 31,11 21,50 20,43 15,78 10,76 SSL 13,19 4,11 10,32 9,35 7,64 MED 9,53 7,99 7,72...
  • Page 58 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Decision table for pad class A1+ (continued): WORST 10pF 15pF 22pF 33pF 47pF 150pF 1500pF 20nF SSO 28,15 21,85 18,87 15,53 10,86 SSL 12,10 10,89 10,47 9,07 7,59 MED 8,61 7,68 7,96...

  • Page 59: Decision Table For Pad Class A1

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission 7.2.3 Decision table for pad class A1 140°C 10pF 15pF 22pF 33pF 47pF 150pF 1500pF 20nF MED 8,92 7,88 7,76 6,66 5,50 2,65 0,320 0,02515 WEA 2,96 2,39 2,29 2,04 1,68 0,79...

  • Page 60: Decision Diagrams For Pad Class A2

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission 7.2.4 Decision diagrams for pad class A2 Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.13V, Ta=+140°C Pad Class A2 1000,00 100,00 10,00 1,00 C load [pF] Figure 51: Class A2 driver selection diagram for WORST case T =140°C;...
  • Page 61 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+125°C Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+125°C Pad Class A2 Pad Class A2 1000,00 1000,00 100,00 100,00 10,00 10,00 1,00 1,00...
  • Page 62 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+85°C Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+85°C Pad Class A2 Pad Class A2 1000,00 1000,00 100,00 100,00 10,00 10,00 1,00 1,00...
  • Page 63 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+25°C Pad Class A2 1000,00 100,00 10,00 1,00 C load [pF] Figure 57: Class A2 driver selection diagram for T =25°C; VDDP=3.30V; edges=1/6 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=-40°C...
  • Page 64 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.47V, Ta=-40°C Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.47V, Ta=-40°C Pad Class A2 Pad Class A2 1000,00 1000,00 100,00 100,00 10,00 10,00 1,00 1,00...

  • Page 65: Decision Diagrams For Pad Class A1

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission 7.2.5 Decision diagrams for pad class A1+ Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.13V, Ta=+140°C Pad Class A1+ 100,00 10,00 1,00 C load [pF] Figure 60: Class A1+ driver selection diagram for WORST case T =140°C;...
  • Page 66 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+125°C Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+125°C Pad Class A1+ Pad Class A1+ 45,00 45,00 40,00 40,00 35,00 35,00 30,00 30,00...
  • Page 67 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+85°C Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+85°C Pad Class A1+ Pad Class A1+ 45,00 45,00 40,00 40,00 35,00 35,00 30,00 30,00...
  • Page 68 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+25°C Pad Class A1+ 45,00 40,00 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 15,00 10,00 5,00 0,00 C load [pF] Figure 66: Class A1+ driver selection diagram for T =25°C; VDDP=3.30V; edges=1/6 period Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=-40°C...
  • Page 69 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.47V, Ta=-40°C Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.47V, Ta=-40°C Pad Class A1+ Pad Class A1+ 45,00 45,00 40,00 40,00 35,00 35,00 30,00 30,00...

  • Page 70: Decision Diagrams For Pad Class A1

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission 7.2.6 Decision diagrams for pad class A1 Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.13V, Ta=+140°C Pad Class A1 15,00 14,00 13,00 12,00 11,00 10,00 9,00 8,00 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 C load [pF] Figure 69: Class A1 driver selection diagram for WORST case T =140°C;...
  • Page 71 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+125°C Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+125°C Pad Class A1 Pad Class A1 15,00 15,00 14,00 14,00 13,00 13,00 12,00 12,00...
  • Page 72 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+85°C Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+85°C Pad Class A1 Pad Class A1 15,00 15,00 14,00 14,00 13,00 13,00 12,00 12,00...
  • Page 73 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+25°C Pad Class A1 15,00 14,00 13,00 12,00 11,00 10,00 9,00 8,00 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 C load [pF] Figure 75: Class A1 driver selection diagram for T =25°C;...
  • Page 74 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.47V, Ta=-40°C Pad Class A1 15,00 14,00 13,00 12,00 11,00 10,00 9,00 8,00 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 C load [pF] Figure 77: Class A1 driver selection diagram for BEST case T =-40°C;...

  • Page 75: Decision Diagrams For Weak Driver At High Capacitive Load

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission 7.2.7 Decision diagrams for weak driver at high capacitive load Frequency Limits Weak Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.13V, Ta=+140°C Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2 10,000 1,000 Class A1 0,100 Class A1+ Class A2 0,010...
  • Page 76 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits Weak Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+125°C Frequency Limits Weak Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+125°C Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2 Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2...
  • Page 77 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits Weak Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+85°C Frequency Limits Weak Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+85°C Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2 Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2...
  • Page 78 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits Weak Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+25°C Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2 10,000 1,000 Class A1 0,100 Class A1+ Class A2 0,010 0,001 1000 10000 100000 C load [pF] Figure 84: Weak driver load capability diagram for T =25°C;...
  • Page 79 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits Weak Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.47V, Ta=-40°C Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2 10,000 1,000 Class A1 0,100 Class A1+ Class A2 0,010 0,001 1000 10000 100000 C load [pF] Figure 86: Weak driver load capability diagram for BEST case T =-40°C;...

  • Page 80: Decision Diagrams For Medium Driver At High Capacitive Load

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission 7.2.8 Decision diagrams for medium driver at high capacitive load Frequency Limits Medium Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.13V, Ta=+140°C Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2 100,000 10,000 Class A1 1,000 Class A1+ Class A2 0,100...
  • Page 81 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits Medium Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+125°C Frequency Limits Medium Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+125°C Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2 Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2...
  • Page 82 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits Medium Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+85°C Frequency Limits Medium Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+85°C Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2 Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2...
  • Page 83 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits Medium Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.30V, Ta=+25°C Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2 100,000 10,000 Class A1 1,000 Class A1+ Class A2 0,100 0,010 1000 10000 100000 C load [pF] Figure 93: Medium driver load capability diagram for T =25°C;...
  • Page 84 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Frequency Limits Medium Driver, Edge=T/6, VDDP=3.47V, Ta=-40°C Pad Classes A1, A1+, A2 100,000 10,000 Class A1 1,000 Class A1+ Class A2 0,100 0,010 1000 10000 100000 C load [pF] Figure 95: Medium driver load capability diagram for BEST case T =-40°C;...

  • Page 85: Pad Scaling Calculator (Pastor)

    Pad Scaling Calculator (PASTOR) Scope of the software For the TC1782 microcontroller, a new software is provided to calculate optimal pad driver settings depending on electrical and environmental constraints. PASTOR displays rising and falling edge including over- and undershoot for driver settings under these system constraints.

  • Page 86: Pastor Screenshots

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission A new window will appear (if the parameters you entered fit to the specifications): It shows an estimated waveform of the rising edge for your driver. You may view the falling edge waveform by clicking on "VIEW FALL TIME".
  • Page 87 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 96: PASTOR start-up screen Figure 96: PASTOR start-up screen Figure 97: PASTOR selection screen Figure 97: PASTOR selection screen Application Note Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 88 AP32146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 98: Example for user selection “Data Rate” Figure 98: Example for user selection “Data Rate” Figure 99: Example for user selection “Rise/Fall Times”, displaying the rising edge Figure 99: Example for user selection “Rise/Fall Times”, displaying the rising edge...
  • Page 89 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 100: Example for user selection “Rise/Fall Times”, displaying the falling edge Figure 101: Example for user selection “Driver” Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...

  • Page 90: Annex A: Measured Rise/Fall Waveforms

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Annex A: Measured rise/fall waveforms Rise/fall timing diagrams are provided for selected Class A2 driver settings and capacitive loads, as listed in Table 16. These results have been summarized in Chapter 5. This Annex A shows selected measured timing diagrams for signal integrity reference puposes.
  • Page 91 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Each of the Figures 83-107 contains 6 waveforms for a given driver strength, a given VDDP supply voltage (3.47V, 3.30V, 3.13V) and a given ambient temperature (-40°C, 25°C, 125°C). Depending on these settings, certain clock frequencies can be driven or not.
  • Page 92 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 97: Class A2 driver strong-sharp at 10pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 93 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 98: Class A2 driver strong-sharp at 22pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 94 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 99: Class A2 driver strong-sharp at 47pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 95 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 100: Class A2 driver strong-sharp at 100pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 96 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 101: Class A2 driver strong-sharp-minus at 10pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 97 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 102: Class A2 driver strong-sharp-minus at 22pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 98 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 103: Class A2 driver strong-sharp-minus at 47pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 99 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 104: Class A2 driver strong-medium at 10pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 100 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 105: Class A2 driver strong-medium at 22pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 101 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 106: Class A2 driver strong-medium at 47pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 102 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 107: Class A2 driver strong-medium-minus at 10pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 103 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 108: Class A2 driver strong-medium-minus at 22pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 104 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 109: Class A2 driver strong-medium-minus at 47pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 105 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 110: Class A2 driver strong-soft at 10pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 106 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 111: Class A2 driver strong-soft at 22pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 107 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 112: Class A2 driver strong-soft at 47pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 108 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 113: Class A2 driver medium at 10pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 109 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 114: Class A2 driver medium at 22pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 110 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 115: Class A2 driver medium at 47pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 111 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 116: Class A2 driver medium at 150pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 112 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 117: Class A2 driver medium at 1500pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 113 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 118: Class A2 driver medium at 20nF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 114 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 119: Class A2 driver weak at 10pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 115 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 120: Class A2 driver weak at 22pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 116 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 121: Class A2 driver weak at 47pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 117 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 122: Class A2 driver weak at 150pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 118 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 123: Class A2 driver weak at 1500pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 119 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 124: Class A2 driver weak at 20nF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 120 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 125: Class A1+ driver strong-soft at 10pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 121 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 126: Class A1+ driver strong-soft at 22pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 122 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 127: Class A1+ driver strong-soft at 47pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 123 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 128: Class A1+ driver strong-slow at 10pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 124 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 129: Class A1+ driver strong-slow at 22pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 125 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 130: Class A1+ driver strong-slow at 47pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 126 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 131: Class A1+ driver medium at 10pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 127 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 132: Class A1+ driver medium at 22pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 128 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 133: Class A1+ driver medium at 47pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 129 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 134: Class A1+ driver medium at 150pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 130 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 135: Class A1+ driver medium at 1500pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 131 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 136: Class A1+ driver medium at 20nF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 132 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 137: Class A1+ driver weak at 10pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 133 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 138: Class A1+ driver weak at 22pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 134 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 139: Class A1+ driver weak at 47pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 135 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 140: Class A1+ driver weak at 150pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 136 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 141: Class A1+ driver weak at 1500pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 137 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 142: Class A1+ driver weak at 20nF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 138 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 143: Class A1 driver medium at 10pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 139 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 144: Class A1 driver medium at 22pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 140 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 145: Class A1 driver medium at 47pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 141 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 146: Class A1 driver medium at 150pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 142 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 147: Class A1 driver medium at 1500pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 143 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 148: Class A1 driver medium at 20nF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 144 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 149: Class A1 driver weak at 10pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 145 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 150: Class A1 driver weak at 22pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 146 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 151: Class A1 driver weak at 47pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 147 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 152: Class A1 driver weak at 150pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 148 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 153: Class A1 driver weak at 1500pF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...
  • Page 149 AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Figure 154: Class A1 driver weak at 20nF load Application Note V1.0, 2010-01...

  • Page 150: Annex B: Glossary

    AP32146 TC1782 Scalable Pads Timing and Electromagnetic Emission Annex B: Glossary Load Capacitor Ideal capacitive load connected to an output driver load di/dt Dynamic current over time Electromagnetic Compatibility The ability of an electrical device to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment (“Immunity”) without having an impermissible effect on its...
  • Page 151 . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG...

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