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Thames & Kosmos Magnetic Science Experiment Manual
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Thames & Kosmos Magnetic Science Experiment Manual

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E XP ERIM E NT MANUAL
Magnetic
Science
Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Pfizerstr. 5-7, 70184 Stuttgart, Germany | +49 (0) 711 2191-0 | www.kosmos.de
Thames & Kosmos, 89 Ship St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA | 1-800-587-2872 | www.thamesandkosmos.com
Thames & Kosmos UK LP, 20 Stone Street, Cranbrook, Kent, TN17 3HE , UK | 01580 713000 | www.thamesandkosmos.co.uk

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Summary of Contents for Thames & Kosmos Magnetic Science

  • Page 1 E XP ERIM E NT MANUAL Magnetic Science Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Pfizerstr. 5-7, 70184 Stuttgart, Germany | +49 (0) 711 2191-0 | www.kosmos.de Thames & Kosmos, 89 Ship St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA | 1-800-587-2872 | www.thamesandkosmos.com Thames & Kosmos UK LP, 20 Stone Street, Cranbrook, Kent, TN17 3HE , UK | 01580 713000 | www.thamesandkosmos.co.uk...

  • Page 2: Safety Information

    SAFETY INFORMATION Dear metal pieces into outlets! The electrical voltage (110 volts) can kill you! → When experimenting, avoid connecting the battery terminals directly to each This experiment kit uses lots of interesting other — the battery could explode! experiments to give your child a playful →...
  • Page 3 CONTENTS Magnets, Iron, and Poles Pages 3 to 19 Learn all about the properties of your magnets. Magnetic Force and Magnetic Fields ✔ Pages 26 to 36 How to make invisible magnetic fields visible 665050-02-270217...

  • Page 4: Kit Contents

    KIT CONTENTS What’s in your experiment kit: Checklist: Find – Inspect – Check off ✔ Description Qty. Item No. Ring magnets (4) with stand 704 443 Block magnet 704 444 Ball magnets (set of 3) 709 255 Plastic chips (approx. 25) 704 446 Horseshoe and bar magnet set 704 447...
  • Page 5 Magnets, Iron, and Poles | Magnets , Iron Poles Over 2,500 years ago, scientists in ancient Greece made an astonishing discovery: Chunks of certain rocks exert a mysterious power over things made of iron. Since these rock chunks were primarily found near the ancient town of Magnesia in Asia Minor, they were called magnets.

  • Page 6: You Will Need

    EXPERIMENT 1 Lots of magnets YOU WILL NEED → all of the parts inside this kit HERE'S HOW 1. Take all the parts except the magnets out of the experiment kit box and place them on a table. 2. Now take the bar magnet and watch what happens when you touch the objects on the table with it.
  • Page 7 Magnets, Iron, and Poles | EXPERIMENT 2 Mutual attraction YOU WILL NEED → all of the magnets HERE'S HOW 1. Place two ball magnets a slight distance apart on the table. What do you notice? 2. Try to pull the two ball magnets apart. 3.
  • Page 8 EXPERIMENT 3 It all depends on the distance YOU WILL NEED → horseshoe magnet → block magnet → iron rod HERE'S HOW 1. Move the iron rod towards the horseshoe magnet and note how strongly they stick together. 2. Now pull the rod away, gradually increase the distance between magnet and rod, and note the strength of the magnetic force at different distances.
  • Page 9 Magnets, Iron, and Poles | EXPERIMENT 4 Scientific expedition at home YOU WILL NEED → horseshoe magnet → various household items WARNING! Make a wide detour around the TV, the computer (especially diskettes and magnetic media), video and music cassettes, and credit and debit cards: The magnet would destroy the data stored on them!
  • Page 10 EXPERIMENT 5 Iron turns into magnet YOU WILL NEED → block magnet → iron rod → plastic chips HERE'S HOW 1. Lay the iron rod flat against the side of the block magnet, with its end projecting out beyond the magnet’s edge.
  • Page 11 Magnets, Iron, and Poles | EXPERIMENT 6 A new magnet is born YOU WILL NEED → block magnet → iron rod → compass → long sewing needle HERE'S HOW 1. Place the needle against the compass. 2. Do the same with the iron rod. 3.
  • Page 12 EXPERIMENT 7 Penetrating force YOU WILL NEED → block magnet → iron rod → cardboard, paper, knife made of steel, plastic wrap, fabric, aluminum foil → ruler HERE'S HOW 1. Place the iron rod on a smooth table surface and see how close you can bring the block magnet before the rod starts to roll toward it.
  • Page 13 Magnets, Iron, and Poles | EXPERIMENT 8 Finding the force YOU WILL NEED → horseshoe magnet → block magnet → bar magnet → iron rod HERE'S HOW 1. Place the individual magnets far apart from one another on the table. 2.
  • Page 14 NORTH EXPERIMENT 9 Exploring the poles YOU WILL NEED → all the magnets HERE'S HOW 1. You will see the letters “N” and S” at the two ends of the bar magnet. These ends are known as “poles.” 2. Now approach one end of the horseshoe magnet with one end of the bar magnet.
  • Page 15 Magnets, Iron, and Poles | EXPERIMENT 10 Hidden poles YOU WILL NEED → ball magnets → bar magnet → 2 different-colored permanent markers HERE'S HOW 1. Take two balls and let them roll freely on the table a slight distance apart. They will quickly click together.
  • Page 16 EXPERIMENT 11 Jumping magnets YOU WILL NEED → 2 ring magnets HERE'S HOW 1. Place one ring magnet on the table. 2. Push the second ring magnet onto the first one with their two repelling sides facing each other. You will notice that it’s not so easy to do without making the lower one scoot away.
  • Page 17 Magnets, Iron, and Poles | EXPERIMENT 12 Hovering magnets YOU WILL NEED → all the ring magnets → ring magnet stand HERE'S HOW 1. Stack the ring magnets one on top of one another on the stand. Be sure that all the repelling sides are facing each other, so all the magnets end up hovering in the air.
  • Page 18 EXPERIMENT 13 Magical forces explained YOU WILL NEED → all the ring magnets → iron rod HERE'S HOW 1. Stack the four ring magnets with their attracting poles facing one another. 2. Carefully insert the iron rod through the hole in the center. 3.
  • Page 19 Magnets, Iron, and Poles | EXPERIMENT 14 Disappearing poles YOU WILL NEED → bar magnet → horseshoe magnet → iron rod HERE'S HOW 1. Let your bar magnet stick to one end of the horseshoe magnet. 2. Now use the iron rod to test the magnetic force, particularly at the place where the poles meet.
  • Page 20 MAGNETS POLES The locations where a The magnets that people discovered thousands of years ago in nature were made of the mineral magnet’s magnetic magnetite. This mineral, which forms grayish-brown force is strongest are crystals, is composed of iron and oxygen in a very specific ratio.
  • Page 21 Magnets, Iron, and Poles | CHECK IT OUT ✔ BAR MAGNETS… MAGNETIC CUSHIONS: …are composed of a huge number of tiny magnets lined up in such a way Magnets can be stacked up with their that their magnetic effect is repelling poles facing one another, as long compounded.
  • Page 22 Compass You must have noticed how a compass needle will move, and sometimes even dance wildly, when a magnet gets close to it. The compass needle is a very sensitive indicator of magnetic force. Now it’s time to investigate the reason for this…...
  • Page 23 Compass | EXPERIMENT 15 Bloodhound for magnets YOU WILL NEED → all the magnets → compass → iron rod HERE'S HOW 1. Place the compass on the table in such a way that its needle can move freely. Set the iron rod against the block magnet and position all the magnets as far away from the compass as possible.
  • Page 24 EXPERIMENT 16 The needle points to the pole YOU WILL NEED → all the magnets → compass HERE'S HOW 1. Place the compass on the table in such a way that its needle can move freely. 2. Now hold the bar magnet close to the compass and pay special attention to which end of the needle points toward the magnet.
  • Page 25 Compass | EXPERIMENT 17 Magnet on a string YOU WILL NEED → all the magnets → string → scissors HERE'S HOW 1. Tie a piece of string to the horseshoe magnet and hold the string so that both poles of the magnet are pointed down. 2.
  • Page 26 EXPERIMENT 18 The sewing needle shows the direction YOU WILL NEED → polystyrene disk → bar magnet → compass → tape → magnetic needle from Experiment 6 → bowl → water HERE'S HOW 1. Tape the needle to the center of the polystyrene disk.
  • Page 27 Compass | CHECK IT OUT ✔ History Still got it. The compass is one of those inventions whose original creator is lost in the mists of time. Around 100 AD, the Chinese had a magnetic ladle Despite the existence of satellite navigation with a handle that always systems, the magnetic compass is still in use.
  • Page 28 Force Magnetic Magnetic Fields You’ve probably been asking yourself what the iron powder in the plastic box is for. You will be amazed. You can use the powder to make a magnet’s force visible, since the powder accumulates wherever the magnetic force is strongest. What’s going on with the pretty iron powder patterns, what do their lines of force mean, and what do those lines have to do with Earth? You will learn about all these things and more in...
  • Page 29 Magnetic Force and Magnetic Fields | EXPERIMENT 19 Hidden forces made visible YOU WILL NEED → bar magnet → block magnet → ball magnet → ring magnet → horseshoe magnet → box with iron powder HERE'S HOW 1. Take all the magnets in turn and hold them under the box with the iron powder.
  • Page 30 EXPERIMENT 20 Who is stronger? YOU WILL NEED → all the magnets → compass → polystyrene disk → ruler HERE'S HOW 1. Set the compass on the polystyrene disk. Place a bar magnet a few centimeters away, with its north pole pointing to the left side of the compass.
  • Page 31 Magnetic Force and Magnetic Fields | EXPERIMENT 21 Adding and subtracting forces YOU WILL NEED → bar magnet → 2 ball magnets → 2 ring magnets → polystyrene disk → compass HERE'S HOW 1. Set the compass on the polystyrene disk and position the bar magnet as in Experiment 20.
  • Page 32 EXPERIMENT 21 Adding and subtracting forces HERE'S HOW IT CONTINUES 3. Now hold the ball tight and let the second ball magnet click to the first one, so they stick together by magnetic attraction. Where does the needle move? 4. You will have to move the two balls apart a little before the needle returns to its previous position.
  • Page 33 Magnetic Force and Magnetic Fields | EXPERIMENT 22 Muted magnetic force YOU WILL NEED → bar magnet → horseshoe magnet → compass → iron rod HERE'S HOW 1. Set the bar magnet a little distance away from the compass. 2. Push the horseshoe magnet toward the compass from the top, and adjust the distance between magnets and compass so that the compass needle is...
  • Page 34 EXPERIMENT 23 Compass needle as bloodhound YOU WILL NEED → bar magnet → compass HERE'S HOW 1. Place the bar magnet on the table and start by moving the compass very slowly around it in a tight circle. 2. Then continue moving it around the compass in larger and larger circles.
  • Page 35 Magnetic Force and Magnetic Fields | EXPERIMENT 24 Lines of force made visible YOU WILL NEED → all the magnets → box with iron powder HERE'S HOW 1. Place the box with iron powder on top of each of the magnets in turn, as you did in Experiment 19.
  • Page 36 EXPERIMENT 25 The magnetic force of Earth YOU WILL NEED → all the magnets → polystyrene disk → compass → bowl → saucer → water → magnetized needle from Experiment 6 HERE'S HOW 1. Fill a bowl with water as you did in Experiment 28, place the bar magnet on the polystyrene disk, and let the disk float in the bowl.
  • Page 37 Magnetic Force and Magnetic Fields | CHECK IT OUT ✔ EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD For centuries, it was a complete mystery why a magnetic needle pointed to the north or south. Scientists rightly asked what the rotation of Earth might have to do with magnetism. Were there, for example, gigantic magnetic mountains at Earth’s poles? Or might the North Star, which could be seen above the North Pole, be responsible?

  • Page 38: Magnetic Field

    | Magnetic Force and Magnetic Fields CHECK IT OUT ✔ Earth’s axis of rotation MAGNETIC FIELD Geographic north pole The lines depicted here are just a model. But you can picture a magnet as producing a countless number of lines arranged tightly together.
  • Page 39 Electromagnetism | Do electric current and magnets have something in common? As you know, a compass needle reacts to magnetic fields. Will it also react to electricity? You can use the wire included in the kit to assemble a small electromagnet, with its magnetic force supplied by electric current.
  • Page 40 EXPERIMENT 26 Magnetism from electricity YOU WILL NEED → wire → compass → 1.5-volt battery → scissors → tape → sheet of letter-size paper HERE'S HOW 1. Place the compass on the paper and wait for the needle to orient itself. 2.
  • Page 41 Electromagnetism | EXPERIMENT 27 Electromagnet with intensified effect YOU WILL NEED → wire → compass → horseshoe magnet → 1.5-volt battery (AA) → scissors → tape → sheet of letter-size paper HERE'S HOW 1. Wrap the center part of the wire five times around one arm of the horseshoe magnet and carefully pull the magnet out of the coil of wire.
  • Page 42 EXPERIMENT 28 Intensifying the magnetic force even more YOU WILL NEED → iron rod → wire → compass → 1.5-volt battery (AA) → tape → sheet of letter-size paper HERE'S HOW 1. Disassemble the wire again and create a narrow coil out of it by winding it about 15 times around the iron rod.
  • Page 43 Electromagnetism | EXPERIMENT 29 Exchanging poles YOU WILL NEED → setup from Experiment 28 HERE'S HOW 1. Repeat the last experiment. Pay attention to which end of the compass needle points to the coil. 2. Then place the compass at the other end of the coil, and briefly switch on the current.
  • Page 44 Gigantic electromagnet at the nuclear research center in Geneva, Switzerland Electromagnetism The relationship between magnetism and electricity was first discovered around 1820, using the very same experiment with wire and compass that you tried on page 39. Scientists, who had previously thought of these two things as being completely different, were highly surprised.
  • Page 45 Electromagnetism | CHECK IT OUT ✔ ELECTROMAGNETS C have lots of technical and industrial uses — namely, wherever Galvanometers particularly powerful magnets are needed. Recyclers, for A coil of wire wound example, use electromagnets around a compass (along attached to cranes to lift heavy with more coils of a pieces of iron.
  • Page 46 G A M E S with Magnets You can take advantage of magnetic effects to play some fun games. A little patience, speed, or skill may be needed. Fishing with magnets is a classic game, played for decades by children in many parts of the world.
  • Page 47 Games with Magnets | EXPERIMENT 30 Every ball in its place YOU WILL NEED → all the ball magnets → multicolored paper strip → paper → pen HERE'S HOW 1. Place the paper strip flat on the table. 2. Position the ball magnets as shown in the illustration.
  • Page 48 EXPERIMENT 31 Magnetic fishing YOU WILL NEED → bar magnet or horseshoe magnet → plastic chips → tape → string → wooden cooking spoon → colored felt-tip pens → tall box → paper → glue stick → permanent marker HERE'S HOW 1.
  • Page 49 Games with Magnets | EXPERIMENT 32 Invisible attraction HERE'S HOW YOU WILL NEED 1. Use the felt-tip markers to draw a thick, → block magnet winding line with lots of loops on the → ball magnet paper. Mark a starting point and a finishing →...
  • Page 50 | Games with Magnets EXPERIMENT 33 Magnetic snake and magnetic axle YOU WILL NEED → all the ball magnets → block magnet → all the ring magnets → iron rod HERE'S HOW 1. Arrange the ball magnets into a colorful line and set them on the table.
  • Page 51 Kosmos Quality and Safety More than one hundred years of expertise in publishing science experiment kits stand behind every product that bears the Kosmos name. Kosmos experiment kits are designed by an experienced team of specialists and tested with the utmost care during development and production. With regard to product safety, these experiment kits follow European and US safety standards, as well as our own refined proprietary safety guidelines.

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