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NOTE
If
the
engine
does
not start
during
the
first
few
attempts,
or if
engine
firing
diminishes
in strength,
it is probable
that the
spark
plugs
have been frosted
over.
Preheat
must
be used
before
another
start
is attempted.
IMPORTANT
Pumping
the throttle
may cause
raw fuel
to
accumulate
in
the
intake
air
duct,
creating
a fire
hazard
in
the
event
of a
backfire.
If
this
occurs,
maintain
a
cranking
action
to
suck
flames
into
the
engine.
An outside attendant
with a
fire
ex-
tinguisher
is advised
for
cold starts
without
preheat.
During
cold weather
operations,
no indication
will
be
apparent
on
the
oil
temperature
gage
prior
to take-off
if outside
air
temperatures
are
very
cold.
After a suitable
warm-up
period
(2
to
5
minutes
at
1000
RPM),
accelerate
the
engine
several
times to
higher
engine
RPM.
If
the
engine
accelerates
smoothly
and
the
oil pressure
remains
normal
and
steady,
the
airplane
is ready
for
take-off.
FLIGHT OPERATIONS.
Take-off
is made
normally
with
carburetor
heat
off.
Avoid
excessive
leaning
in cruise.
Carburetor
heat
may be used
to
overcome
any occasional
engine
roughness
due
to
ice.
When
operating
in
sub-zero
temperature,
avoid
using
partial
carbu-
retor
heat.
Partial
heat
may increase
the
carburetor
air
temperature
to
the
32°
to
70°F
range,
where
icing
is critical
under
certain
atmospheric
conditions.
Refer
to
Section
VII for cold weather
equipment.
HOT WEATHER
OPERATION.
Refer
to the
general
warm
temperature
starting
information
under
Starting
Engine
in
this
section.
Avoid
prolonged
engine
operation
on
the
ground.
2-15
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