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Lonking CDM835EV.00I Operation Manual

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PREFACE

Thank you for purchasing LONKING's wheel loader!
This Manual briefly describes the safety, operational and maintenance requirements of
CDM835E Ⅴ .00I/CDM835E Ⅹ .00I wheel loaders for the use and reference by operators,
maintenance and technical management personnel.
Operation Manual is a guide for proper use and maintenance of this machine. Please
carefully read and understand the contents of this Manual before operating this machine.
Please put this Manual in driver's cab for convenience of reference at any moment. If you
lose this Manual, please contact our sales department for buying a new one.
Many failures arise as a result of operator's failure to carefully read this Manual and other
human reasons. A high sense of safety and good maintenance enable the safe and
efficient operation of this machine, thus bringing you more benefits. Therefore, please
read and understand safety instructions before operating this machine and fully comply
with them. Improper operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair of this machine are
dangerous and may result in human casualties.
We will continue to increase the working efficiency of the machine by improving product
design and endeavoring to improve the comprehensive product performances. The
parameters and configurations of the machine in this Manual are subject to change
without notice. The technical parameters contained herein shall not serve as the basis for
any inspection or test.
In order to offer better services to you and improve product and service quality, you are
expected to timely inform us of any problem identified during your use of LONKING
products and this Manual, along with any corresponding improvement opinions.
60900003039
This Manual is its first version (No.
).
Best wishes for your business!
LONKING Holdings Limited
September 2015
1

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Summary of Contents for Lonking CDM835EV.00I

  • Page 1: Preface

    In order to offer better services to you and improve product and service quality, you are expected to timely inform us of any problem identified during your use of LONKING products and this Manual, along with any corresponding improvement opinions.

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    CONTENTS PREFACE............................1 CONTENTS............................2 CHAPTER I SAFETY PRECAUTIONS................7 1.1 DESCRIPTION OF SAFETY SIGNS..............7 1.2 DESCRIPTION AND LOCATIONS OF SAFETY SIGNS.........7 1.2.1 WARNING SIGN OF REVERSING............8 1.2.2 WARNING SIGN OF THE ANTI- FREEZE FLUID........ 8 1.2.3 WARNING SIGN OF MAINTENANCE AND TRANSPORTATION..8 1.2.4 WARNING SIGN OF LIFT ARM...............
  • Page 3 1.4.10 FIRE EXTINGUISHER AND FIRST-AID KIT........23 1.4.11 PREVENTION OF ROLLING INJURY OR CUT OFF...... 23 1.4.12 ETHER (IF YOUR MACHINE IS EQUIPPED WITH ETHER COLD STARTING DEVICE)................24 1.4.13 MAKE SURE A GOOD VENTILATION WHEN OPERATING IN AN ENCLOSED SPACE................24 1.4.14 PIPELINE, HARD PIPE AND FLEXIBLE PIPE.........
  • Page 4 1.8.4 ILLUMINATION..................47 1.8.5 FIRE PREVENTION................47 1.8.6 PERSONS FOR REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE......48 1.8.7 ATTACHMENTS..................48 1.8.8 MAINTENANCE UNDER MACHINE..........49 1.8.9 MAINTENANCE WITH THE FRAME SUPPORTED UP....49 1.8.10 MAINTENANCE ON THE TOP OF THE MACHINE......49 1.8.11 MAINTENANCE WHEN ENGINE IS WORKING......50 1.8.12 NO LEAVING OF FOREIGN MATTER INSIDE MACHINE....51 1.8.13...
  • Page 5 3.13 CAB DOOR LOCK.....................77 3.14 USE OF LOCATING LOCK................77 3.15 ADJUSTMENT TO REAR-VIEW MIRROR............78 3.16 TURNING LAMPS AND FULL-BEAM/LOW-BEAM HEADLIGHTS..78 3.17 CHARGING DOCK.................... 79 3.18 SUNSHADE......................79 3.19 PLAYER.......................80 CHAPTER IV OPERATION....................82 NOTICES ON OPERATION OF NEW LOADER........82 RUNNING-IN OF NEW LOADER............... 83 4.2.1 REQUIREMENTS ON RUNNING-IN OF NEW LOADER....
  • Page 6 5.6 UNIVERSAL TORQUE TABLE................ 116 5.7 MAINTENANCE OF THE ENGINE COOLANT..........117 5.7.1 COOLANT COMPOSITION............... 118 5.7.2 ADDING COOLANT................119 5.7.3 INSPECT COOLANT LEVEL REGULARLY........120 5.7.4 CLEANING OF COOLING SYSTEM..........121 5.7.5 ENGINE AIR FILTER MAINTENANCE..........122 5.7.6 MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT OF MAIN CORE OF THE AIR FILTER................122 5.7.7 REPLACEMENT OF SAFE FILTER ELEMENT OF AIR FILTER...

  • Page 7: Chapter Isafety Precautions

    CHAPTER I SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Warning! Please read and understand all the safety precautions before operation. Failure to do so may result in severe bodily injury or death. 1.1 DESCRIPTION OF SAFETY SIGNS Danger! 1) There exists danger that may affect your personal safety. 2) Don’t operate the machine without permission.

  • Page 8: Warning Sign Of Reversing

    These safety signs must be kept clean. If the figures and words on these signs are unclear or illegible, please replace or clean them with soft cloth, water or soapy water. No solvent, gasoline or other irritating chemical agent may be used for this purpose.

  • Page 9: Warning Sign Of Lift Arm

    Sign location: left side of frame hinge joint  Contents: it reminds the users to lock the  frame with fixing rod before transportation and maintenance of machine, to avoid accidents. Dismount the fixing rod before the loader recovers its work, and place it in fixed location.

  • Page 10: Warning Sign Of Fan

    1.2.6 WARNING SIGN OF FAN Sign location: at both left and right sides of  the engine hood Contents: this sign reminds the user to open  engine hood only when the engine stops in order to avoid severe injury 1.2.7 WARNING SIGN OF NO TRAMPLE ...

  • Page 11: Machine Nameplate

    1.2.9 MACHINE NAMEPLATE Sign location: left side of the frame hinge  Contents: description of basic information of  the machine 特 征 额定载重量 发动机型号 发动机功率 PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC CHINA 1.2.10 LIFTING AND BINDING SIGN Sign location: rear end of frame, near tire ...

  • Page 12: Hydraulic Oil Sign

    Contents: this sign reminds the user that  filled hydraulic oil shall be the oil product designated by LONKING or the hydraulic oil of the same type. 1.2.12 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF USE OF TRIANGLE IRON Sign location: on the triangle iron ...

  • Page 13: Warning Sign For Scraping

    1.2.14 WARNING SIGN FOR SCRAPING Sign location: on the bucket  Contents: this sign reminds the user that the  permitted capacity of the bucket is less than the figure as shown on the sign. Otherwise, it will cause accidents. 1.2.15 ATTACHMENT NAMEPLATE Sign location: on the bucket ...

  • Page 14: Warning Sign Of Preventing Sinking Movement

    1.2.17 WARNING SIGN OF PREVENTING SINKING MOVEMENT Sign location: lift arm  Contents: this sign  reminds the user to operate the machine according to this sign. Otherwise, it may cause machine damage or personal injury. 1.2.18 SAFETY EXIT SIGN Sign location: on the glass of ...

  • Page 15: Remarks For Long Time Standstill

    1.2.20 REMARKS FOR LONG TIME STANDSTILL Sign location: on rear hood  Contents: this sign reminds the user to  operate the machine according to this sign. Otherwise, it may cause machine damage or personal injury. 1.2.21 SIGN OF BATTERY CONNECTING WIRE Sign location: rear side of engine hood ...

  • Page 16: Combination Of Warning Signs

    7. This warning sign reminds the user to use oil dedicated for Lonking loaders or equivalent oil recommended in this instruction book during oil replacement; otherwise machine damage or personal...

  • Page 17: Unauthorized Modification

    1.3 UNAUTHORIZED MODIFICATION Any modification of this machine not authorized or approved in writing by LONKING may cause safety accidents. The owner shall bear all the consequences. For the sake of safety, please use correct grade and genuine fitting and oil. If without correct fittings or periodically fasteners change, the parts may exceed safety use limitation.

  • Page 18: Protective Devices

    Observe the surrounding safety influence factor at any instant. Follow related safety regulations. 1.4.2 PROTECTIVE DEVICES Make sure all protective devices and engine hood is in proper location, if there is damage, timely repair it. Please correctly use protective devices such as joystick locking device, safety belt etc.

  • Page 19: Working Clothes And Personal Protective Equipments

    Do not use mobile phone when operating the loader, because distraction may cause accidents. Do not take any flammable and explosive hazardous article into the cab. Do not wear earphone or headphone when driving or operating the loader, otherwise it may cause accident.

  • Page 20: Getting On And Off The Machine

    therefore, it is important to wear mask, protective clothes and safety shoes before using the compressed air. The maximum pressure of compressed air using clean shall be under 0.3MPa. Check whether all protective equipment are in normal work conditions. 1.4.5 GETTING ON AND OFF THE MACHINE Before ascending or descending machine, clean oil dirt, lubricant or mud, furthermore, repair damaged parts and tighten loose bolt.

  • Page 21: Fire Prevention Of Oil Products

    1.4.6 FIRE PREVENTION OF OIL PRODUCTS Please use fuel, oil and hydraulic oil used in hydraulic system to fill diesel engine of this loader, hydraulic transmission oils and gear oils used in transmission system and brake fluid used in brake system and antifreeze used in engine water tank can be lit by open fires, in particular, fuel is flammable and dangerous, therefore, the following Safety and accident prevention must be...

  • Page 22: Precautions When Operating At High Temperature

    1.4.8 PROTECTION OF ASBESTOS DUST HAZARD Inhalation of asbestos dust may be harmful to body health. The products produced by LONKING Holdings Limited do not include asbestos, but if you contact with materials containing asbestos fibers, please follow the below rules: It is protective to use compressed air for cleaning.

  • Page 23: Face Mask And Earplug

    if possible, operate the machine in the uptake. If necessary, use qualified dust mask. 1.4.9 FACE MASK AND EARPLUG Never ignore the dangerous factors that may not be harmful to body health at present. Exhaust gas and noise is unseen, but it may cause disability or permanent injury. 1.4.10 FIRE EXTINGUISHER AND FIRST-AID KIT In case of personal injury or fire, please take aid actions according to the following measures:...

  • Page 24: Ether (If Your Machine Is Equipped With Ether Cold Starting Device)

    want to get close to the moving parts of the machine first shut down the engine and lock up working device. Properly support equipment or accessory when working underside the machine. Do not relay on hydraulic cylinder for supporting. If the control mechanism moves or hydraulic pipeline leaks, any attachment will fall off.

  • Page 25: Pipeline, Hard Pipe And Flexible Pipe

    LONKING Holdings Limited. Please carefully check all pipelines, hard pipes and flexible pipes, tighten all joints according to specified tightening torque. Do not check the leakage with bare hands, but check them with board or cardboard.

  • Page 26: Coolant

    If the protection device is seriously impacted or damaged, its strength is lowered and its normal functions cannot be reached, please contact the designated dealer of LONKING Holdings Limited for consultation repair method. When using breaker for operation, install a protective device on the front windshield.

  • Page 27: Safety Precaution Of Operation

    If any glass of the machine is damaged, please replace with a new one immediately. 1.5 SAFETY PRECAUTION OF OPERATION 1.5.1 SITE SAFETY Before starting the engine, carefully check whether there is any abnormal condition around the engine leading to dangerous situation. Check the site landform and ground condition;...

  • Page 28: Check Before Engine Start-Up

    First, check ground conditions, water depth and flow rate when operating on water or sandy embankment. Do not exceed the allowable water depth. Do not drive or run the machine on the soft road, otherwise, the machine may be difficult to leave. Avoid operating on the cliff edge, suspended material or deep pit, if the ground collapsed, the machine crashed or upset, which may cause...
  • Page 29 Check the level of coolant, fuel and oil of engine oil pan, check whether air filter is blocked and cable is damaged. Adjust the operator’s seat to the location where is convenient to operate machine, check whether the positioning device of seat belt and safety belt is damaged. Service lift of the safety belt is over 3 years and replaced Check whether the instruments are in normal working condition, and whether the joystick is in parking position.

  • Page 30: Engine Start-Up

    1.5.3 ENGINE START-UP Before ascending the machine, visible inspect your machine, check whether there are persons and objects on, off, or near the machine or on the working area. If the machine has not used for a long time or the operating temperature is extremely low, please maintain your machine before start up.

  • Page 31: Check After Engine Starting Up And Before Machine Operation

    If a reversing alarm device is installed, make sure it is in normal working condition. 1.5.4 CHECK AFTER ENGINE STARTING UP AND BEFORE MACHINE OPERATION If there is no proper and timely check after the engine starts up, it is likely that the abnormal condition of the machine cannot be identified in time, thus causing personal injury or machine damage.

  • Page 32: Precautions When The Machine Begins To Travel

    1.5.5 PRECAUTIONS WHEN THE MACHINE BEGINS TO TRAVEL Before operating the machine, again check the states around the machine, make sure there is nobody and obstacle there. When the machine is running, sound the horn for warning. Only when the operator sitting down to the seat that can start and operate the engine.

  • Page 33: Check When Changing Direction

    Right and left glance is dangerous when operating the machine; therefore, the operator shall concentrate on his work. Too fast traveling, sudden start, sudden stop, sudden turn or zigzag traveling is dangerous. Adjust the height of working device below the lift arm and keep a clearance of 500-600mm (20-24in) from the hinge pin and ground, let the machine walking on the level ground.

  • Page 34: Prohibited Operation

    Sound the horn to warn the staff and person in the field. Check the vicinity of the machine to ensure that there is nobody. Pay special caution to check the back area of the machine, for this area is unclear to see from the operator’s seat.
  • Page 35 machine at a low speed. The machine must move straight up and down when traveling on the slope. When the machine travels downhill, never shift gear or place the gear in a “neutral” position. It is dangerous not to use the braking force of the engine. When the machine begins to travel downhill, the gear has to be placed in a “low”...

  • Page 36: Beware Of High Voltage Cables

    1.5.10 BEWARE OF HIGH VOLTAGE CABLES Do not let the machine touch the overhead cables, even near the high voltage cable can cause electric shock. Keep a safe distance between the machine and cable as shown in the following table. For the prevention of accidents, please perform the following tasks: When there is a danger of touch the cable during...

  • Page 37: Precaution For Operation

    1.6 PRECAUTION FOR OPERATION When the machine shoves the soil descending a cliff or onto the peak of the slope, the load will suddenly become lighter. In such case, due to a sudden increase in walking speed, it is dangerous; therefore, it is important to reduce the speed. When the bucket is full, do not give the machine a sudden start, turn or stop.

  • Page 38: Methods Of Using A Brake

    1.6.1 METHODS OF USING A BRAKE Do not put your feet on the brake pedal unless it is necessary. Do not frequently step the brake pedal unless it is necessary. When walking down hill, take the engine as a brake, never use gear shifting or place the gearbox in neutral position.

  • Page 39: Do Not Operate The Machine On Soft Ground

    pressure to a specified value, then release the pressure, drain the oil to hydraulic oil tank) which can warm the hydraulic oil to ensure that the machine is sensitive and prevent function failure. If the electrolyte of the battery has frozen, it is dangerous to charge the battery and use other power supply to start the engine, because it may cause fire.

  • Page 40: Precautions When Parking The Machine

    1.6.5 PRECAUTIONS WHEN PARKING THE MACHINE Park the machine on the even ground, and then lower working device down to the ground where there should no falling rocks or sliding danger, and there also should no flood if it is low terrain. If it is necessary to park the machine on the slope, place a wedge under the wheels to prevent the machine moving, and then drop the working...

  • Page 41: Precautions Of Machine Transportation

    When the machine travels on the public road, first check whether it is in comply with the provisions of relevant authorities and follow those provisions. The machine may need to divide into several parts for the convenience of transport. For the division of this machine, please consult the designated dealer of LONKING Holdings Limited. 1.6.8...

  • Page 42: Precaution For Use And Maintenance Of The Battery

    If there are some problems such as failing to start the machine or braking system, please contact the designated dealer of LONKING Holdings Limited for repair. It is dangerous to drag the machine on the slope, therefore it is right to choose a flat gradient place, if this place is not available, choose a place as small angel as possible to drag the machine.

  • Page 43: Precatution For Start-Up With Booster Cable

    plenty of water or milk, raw eggs or rape oil, at the same time call the emergency center for help. Please shut down the engine before operating the battery. Avoid metal objects (such tools) unexpected contact with the battery, because it may cause short-circuit between the positive (+) and negative (-) terminal.

  • Page 44: Precautions For Battery Charge

    1.7 MAINTENANCE PRECAUTIONS 1.7.1 FAULT NOTIFICATION If processing maintenance has not mentioned in User Manual, it can lead to unexpected fault. Then please contact to designated dealer of LONKING Holdings Limited for repair.

  • Page 45: Cleaning Before Repair And Maintenance

    1.7.2 CLEANING BEFORE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE It needs to clean up the machine before repair and maintenance. This ensures that no waste enters into the machine, as well as the smooth and safe process of maintenance When performing cleaning, pay attention to the following items: 1.

  • Page 46: Operating Before Repair And Maintenance

     When the filler cap is cool enough to be open by bare hand, loose the radiator filler cap to release its inner pressure and then open the top cap. 1.8 OPERATING BEFORE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE Before repair and maintenance, park the machine on the level ground where there is no falling stones or landslides.

  • Page 47: Regular Replacement Of Critical Safety Parts

    Certain technology is necessary to replace the critical safety parts. Please contact the dealer of LONKING Holdings Limited to do so. Critical safety parts will go aging with time and oil leakage will lead to serious accident;...

  • Page 48: Persons For Repair And Maintenance

    Fuel, lubricant and the other inflammable should be stored far away from open fire. Do not use diesel or gasoline, for it has risk of lighting; use incombustible material as detergent for cleaning the parts. Smoke at the designated place. Smoking is prohibited when overhaul or maintenance is performed.

  • Page 49: Maintenance Under Machine

    Put the demounted components into a safe place and make sure they wound not fall. Encircle the demounted components with a fence and put up a sign of “no entry” to avoid prohibitive person entering this area. 1.8.8 MAINTENANCE UNDER MACHINE Before maintenance or repair, stop the machine on a solid flat ground, lower the working device to the ground and fix the tires with wedges;...

  • Page 50: Maintenance When Engine Is Working

    Spilled lubricant or grease is not allowable. No tools or spare parts displayed around. Pay attention to your walking steps Prohibit jumping from the machine. Be sure to use ladder and handrail when up and down the machine, and always maintain a three-point contact (two-foot one-hand or two-hand one foot).

  • Page 51: No Leaving Of Foreign Matter Inside Machine

    Do not touch any joystick. If it is indispensable to operate joystick, you must notify other workers to walk away to safe place. 1.8.12 NO LEAVING OF FOREIGN MATTER INSIDE MACHINE When opening the repair windows or refueling port of fuel for repair, pay caution not to let any foreign objects drop (such as nuts, bolts, cotton, or tools) into the hood.

  • Page 52: Precautions For Battery Maintenance

    Please consult the designated dealer of LONKING Holdings Limited for repair according to the fault types. 1.8.17 FILL OF FUEL OR LUBRICATING OIL...

  • Page 53: Handling Of High-Pressure Hose

    Replacement of high-pressure hose needs superb skills. Installation torque should be determined by the type and size of hose. So this work should not be done by the user, please contact the designated dealer of LONKING Holdings Limited for replacement. 1.8.19 PRECAUTIONS OF HIGH-PRESSURE OIL...

  • Page 54: Prevention Measures Of Maintenance In High

    1.8.20PREVENTION MEASURES OF MAINTENANCE IN HIGH TEMPERATURE OR HIGH PRESSURE When the machine just stops working, cooling water and oil of all parts of engine is in high temperature and high pressure. If now open the engine hood to do drain of oil, water or to replace filter, this may lead to burn or other injuries.
  • Page 55 If the operation of the tire or wheel rim goes wrong, tires may burst or rupture, wheel rim may be damaged and spread around, may result in serious injury or death. In order to ensure the security of maintenance work, the following precautions should be complied with: ...

  • Page 56: Precautions Of Tire Storage

    Equipments and staff are needed to avoid over-inflation. Leakage or rim damage is  due to the incorrect or improper use of inflatable equipment. 1.8.23 PRECAUTIONS OF TIRE STORAGE Tires should be stored in warehouses, and unauthorized personnel are not allowed of entering.
  • Page 57 When replacing tube, be sure to replace O-ring, gasket and parts like this at the same time. Please contact designated dealer of LONKING Holdings Limited to replace critical safety parts. REGULAR REPLACEMENT TABLE OF CRITICAL SAFETY PARTS Critical parts needed regular...

  • Page 58: Chapter Ii Operation And Control

    CHAPTER II OPERATION AND CONTROL Hood Frame Cylinder Rocker arm Pull rod Bucket Front Rear Balance weight Cylinder Fuel tank Lift arm Front Rear wheel wheel Right Left Schematic Diagram of Components of CDM835N Loader...

  • Page 59: Main Performance Parameters And Specification

    2.1 MAIN PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS AND SPECIFICATION CDM835N STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS ITEM SPECIFICATION Bucket capacity (m Rated payload (Kg) 3500 Lifting time(s) ≤5.5 Falling time (s) Total hydraulic cycle time (s) ≤10.5 Forward III 32km/h Forward II 12km/h Forward I 6.5km/h Maximum speeds (km/h) 6.8km/h...
  • Page 60 ITEM SPECIFICATION 6BTAA5.9-C130 Type 97kw/2200r·m Rated speed (r/min) Maximum torque (N·m /r/min) 580 /1400 (Nm/r·m ) Specific fuel consumption in rated operating mode (bench test) (g/kw·h) Fuel type ( according to ambient 0# diesel oil temperature) Fan diameter (mm) Φ600 Type Single stage, single turbine, three elements Hydraulic...
  • Page 61 ITEM SPECIFICATION Type Fully hydraulic load-sensitive Number of steering cylinders—inner diameter × 2-φ80X315 stroke (mm) Steering pump Gear pump with constant displacement System working pressure (MPa) Steering angle (°) Left/ right 35 Number of boom cylinders – inner diameter × 2-φ125×784 stroke (mm) Number of bucket cylinders –...

  • Page 62: Outline Drawing Of Cdm835N Wheel Loader

    2.2 OUTLINE DRAWING OF CDM835N WHEEL LOADER...

  • Page 63: Purpose

    2.3 PURPOSE CDM835N articulated and wheeled loader is a medium size loader featuring high efficiency as well as diverse functions and mainly used for handling bulk materials in mines, civil works, road constructions, harbors, and stock yards. The loader is capable of carrying out lots of actions for examples loading, bulldozing, shoveling, traction, lifting, delivering and so on.

  • Page 64: Chapter Iii Operation Instructions

    CHAPTER III OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS 3.1 STEERING WHEEL The articulated loader uses fully hydraulic power steering. The steering wheel is arranged inside the Cab and connected to the full-hydraulic redirector. Turning clockwise the steering wheel turns the loader right; turning counterclockwise the steering wheel turns the loader left.

  • Page 65: Starter Switch

    switch handle counterclockwise to “OFF” position. To turn on battery negative pole switch: Before starting the loader, it is necessary to turn the negative-pole switch handle clockwise to “ON” position. Warning Do not turn off the battery negative-pole switch while the engine is in operation, otherwise the electrical system of loader may be damaged.

  • Page 66: Service Brake Pedal

    the electrical system of loader is energized. START--Insert and clockwise turn the starter switch, the second position is “START”. With the key at “START” position, the motor is energized to start the engine. Immediately release the key after the engine has been started, the key will automatically return to “ON”...

  • Page 67: Accelerator Pedal And Instrument Panel Adjusting Mechanism

    3.5 ACCELERATOR PEDAL AND INSTRUMENT PANEL ADJUSTING MECHANISM The accelerator pedal is arranged on the right front floor of the cab. Not depressing the accelerator pedal, the engine will stay at the idle status. Depressing the accelerator pedal will increase the fuel supply to diesel engine thus the output power of diesel engine.

  • Page 68: Pilot Joystick

    3.7 PILOT JOYSTICK Pilot joystick is mounted on the right side of seat and used to control the working system. The right figure shows three-link pilot valve and the Reserved ordinary two-link pilot valve has no small right handle. The left and right movements of joystick are used to control the moving direction of the bucket.
  • Page 69 Front combination lamp Front working lamp Rear large lamp Rear combination lamp In-cab lamp...
  • Page 70 Warning lamp Rocker switch assembly (below steering wheel) 1. Combination lamp switch: The combination lamp switch controls the ON and OFF state of the combination lamp. 2. Front working lamp switch: The front working lamp controls the ON and OFF state of the front working lamp.

  • Page 71: Instrument Assembly And Horn Switch

    Rocker switch assembly (on right door decorative board) 1. Rear Wiper switch: this switch is used to turn on or off the rear wiper. 2. Warning lamp switch: this switch is used to turn on or off the moving warning lamp. Warning Before traveling, please check it for damaged or failed brake lamp, steering lamp or small lamp.

  • Page 72: Instrument Assembly

    3.9.1 INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLY Monitoring instruments Air pressure gauge --Indicate air pressure of the brake system air tank. Indicating ① Range: 0~1.0MPa. Normal working range should between 0.4MPa and 0.8MPa. Engine speed gauge--Indicate the engine speed. Indicating Range: 0~3000rpm. ② Normal working range should between 750rpm and 2450rpm; Engine oil pressure gauge——Indicate the oil pressure of engine.
  • Page 73 Torque converter oil temperature gauge--Indicate the working oil temperature of the ⑤ torque converter. Indicating range: 60~140℃. Warning When the oil temperature of the torque converter is over 120℃, park the loader in a place safe and suitable for repair work. Check the gearbox and oil level. Do not operate or move the loader until the failure has been removed!!! LCD panel instrument includes: Work hour meter--Indicate work time of loader by hours.

  • Page 74: Horn Switch

    HORN SWITCH 3.9.2 The horn switch is arranged at the center of steering wheel. Press the horn switch, the horn will blare. 3.10 SWITCH OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM 1. Air volume switch: used to control the revolving speed of the evaporating fan to select an appropriate air volume.

  • Page 75: Warm Water Valve

    3.10.1 WARM WATER VALVE The engine coolant absorbs engine heat and flows through the evaporator of air conditioning system, and the evaporator then disperses the heat, that’s how the air conditioning system perform the heating function. Two manual warm water valves are mounted to the water inlet and outlet of evaporator, respectivel Warm Water Valve...
  • Page 76 Forward and backward adjustments to seat  A handle is provided in the lower front portion of seat. Pulling up the handle can move the seat horizontally. While moving the seat, you will feel increased resistances at some locations. These locations are used to hold the seat, that is, if you release the handle at one of these locations, the seat will be held on that location.

  • Page 77: Safety Belt

    rigidity. The seat flexibility can be steplessly adjusted from 50kg to 130kg, and the rigidity set by the loader manufacturer is 70kg. 3.12 SAFETY BELT The loader is provided with a safety belt. The operator should fasten the safety belt when operating the loader, but he should first inspect the safety belt for worn or loose part.

  • Page 78: Adjustment To Rear-View Mirror

    Locating lock Warning Before operating the loader, the operator must close both the left and right doors, to ensure safety. 3.15 ADJUSTMENT TO REAR-VIEW MIRROR A rear-view mirror is installed on the left and right front of Cab top, respectively. Adjust the rear-view mirrors to correct positions before operating the loader.

  • Page 79: Charging Dock

    3.17 CHARGING DOCK Reserved for charging of cigarette lighter and mobile phone. (Figure 1) 12V 100W (Figure 2) 24V 120W Figure 1 Figure 2 3.18 SUNSHADE 1. Pull the handle lever in the middle by hand to unroll the sunshade cloth. Pull to an appropriate position and release the lever, and the sunshade will stop at that position;...

  • Page 80: Player

    3.19 PLAYER Basic operations: LCD screen In the starting state, the screen displays the radio frequency and current play message. Power switch/pause/radio station selection button In the standby state, press the button shortly to start the player and press the button long to turn off the player.
  • Page 81 meanwhile display the corresponding indicative icon. SD/MMC card socket Insert a SD/MMC card to automatically play music pieces in the corresponding format (MP3) and meanwhile display the corresponding indicative icon. 1.LCD screen 2. Power switch/pause/radio 3. Mode conversion/mute station selection button button 4.

  • Page 82: Chapter Iv Operation

    CHAPTER IV OPERATION 4.1 NOTICES ON OPERATION OF NEW LOADER Even though each loader is properly inspected and adjusted before leaving the factory, it is still necessary to abide by the following procedures during the running-in period, otherwise the loader may get damaged or its performance may be reduced. If the loader works under fully-loaded state before the expiration of the running-in period, this will adversely affect the service life and safe operation, and finally cause fault.

  • Page 83: Running-In Of New Loader

    4.2 RUNNING-IN OF NEW LOADER For a new loader, the running-in will play an important role in prolonging the service life of the loader, eliminating hidden faults and avoiding the occurrence of serious fault. The user shall carry out operation and maintenance in accordance with the provisions relating to running-in of new loader as specified in this Manual after purchasing the loader, and then the loader may be used normally.

  • Page 84: Operations To Be Carried Out After Expiration Of Running-Periods

    Inspect the temperature and connection of each part of electrical systems, the power supply to engine, the conditions and lightening devices and turn lamps. NOTE: when inspecting the level of any oil or fluid, be sure to follow the relevant operating procedure.

  • Page 85: Startup Of Engine

    Figure: Inspect the wiring of battery. Connect the wiring according to the figure. 4.3.2 STARTUP OF ENGINE 1. Clear away the persons around the loader and the obstacles in the travelling direction of the loader; inspect whether there is any person under the loader; except for the driver who may sit in the cab for operating the loader, no other person may stand on any portion of the loader.

  • Page 86: Travelling Of Loader

    least 30 seconds and then attempts to start up the engine again. This is jointly required by the features of starting motor and battery. If the loader cannot be started up in three attempts, please carry out inspection, eliminate the fault, wait at least three minutes, and then attempt to start up the engine again.
  • Page 87 2. Step down the service brake pedal, put down the handle brake button to reset it, slowly let go of the service brake pedal, and observe whether the loader moves. WARNING: If the loader moves, immediately step down the service brake pedal, rotate the hand brake button to reset it and apply the braking.

  • Page 88: Parking Of Loader

    6. In case there is a corner ahead, please operate the loader in accordance with the local laws and regulations relating to traffic. When the loader is about to turn, pull or push the turn lamp handle in the corresponding direction.
  • Page 89 flood.  Apply the service brake to stop the loader.  Pull the gear-shifting lever to the neutral position.  Rotate the hand brake button to reset it and apply the parking braking.  Operate the pilot joystick so as to lower the lift arm, place the bucket horizontal on the ground and make the bucket press against the ground slightly.

  • Page 90: Working Of Loader

    5) Place the bucket on the ground horizontally, and pull the pilot joystick to the middle position. 6) Set each switch at the middle position or off position, and then lock up all doors. 7) Apply a thin layer of grease onto the exposed portion of the hydraulic oil cylinder piston rod.

  • Page 91: General Techniques

    and slippery. Clear away all large and sharp stones on the working place, so as to prevent the tires from being scratched.  If using the loader to load materials onto or unload materials from a truck or hopper, adjust the limit height of the caging device of the lift arm on the basis of the height of the truck or hopper, so as to ensure that the bucket may safely enter into and exit from the truck or hopper and to avoid the impact on truck or hopper imposed by materials discharged from an excessively high position.
  • Page 92  After the bucket is filled with materials, just operate the pilot joystick so as to turn backwards the bucket until the stopper on the bucket contacts with the lift arm, and then push the pilot joystick to the middle position. Now the maximum rollback angle is obtained. ...
  • Page 93 the bucket collide with the truck or hopper.  When the bucket is above the truck or hopper, just push down the brake pedal so as to stop the loader, push rightwards the pilot joystick so as to tilt forwards the bucket, and then discharge the materials into the truck or hopper.

  • Page 94: Work Method

    scraper and the ground is about 45°. In case the road is hard, just place the pilot joystick at the floating position; in case the road is soft, just place the control handle at the middle position. Pull the gear-shifting lever to the reverse gear position, and then push down accelerator pedal, so as to make the loader travel backwards and use the bucket scraper to scrape the ground.

  • Page 95: Transportation Of Loader

    The total height, total width and total weight after the loader is placed on the transportation vehicle may not exceed the specified value. If the height or width exceeds the specified value, please consult with LONKING Holdings Limited or its distributor for solution.

  • Page 96: Hoisting Of Loader

    Figure: Installation of frame fixing rod 4. Horizontally place the bucket on the transportation vehicle, and then set the control handle at the neutral position. 5. Pull the pilot joystick to the middle position. 6. Rotate the parking brake button to reset it. 7.
  • Page 97 2. Fix the front/rear frames with the frame fixing rod, so as to prevent the loader from turning. 3. The sling shall be firmly fixed onto the lug on the loader which is marked with the hoisting sign. Figure: Hoisting Sign WARNING: Incorrect hoisting operation may get the loader displaced and then cause personal injury or property damage.
  • Page 98 Better effect may be obtained if the loader moves slowly and smoothly. 5. In the course of towing operation, all persons shall keep away from the towing rope, so as to avoid the personal injury caused by the broken towing rope. 6.

  • Page 99: Operation In Cold Weather

    Figure: Dismantlement of Front/Rear Transmission Shafts If it is suspected that the gearbox fails, just dismantle the front/rear transmission shafts and then get the loader towed. 4.6 OPERATION IN COLD WEATHER 4.6.1 PRECAUTIONS FOR OPERATION AT LOW TEMPERATURE If the ambient temperature is too low, it will be difficult to start up the engine and the radiator may get frozen.

  • Page 100: Operations To Be Carried Out After Completion Of

    3. Precautions for Use of Battery 1. When the ambient temperature lowers, the capacity of the battery will reduce. If the charging rate of the battery is too low, the electrolyte may get frozen. Therefore, if possible, remain the charging rate at 100%, and preserve the temperature as possible, so as to ensure that the engine can be started up easily in the next day.

  • Page 101: Operation Under Extremely Hot Weather

    Carefully inspect the cooling system, and record the leakage. 2. Keep the battery fully charged so as to prevent it from getting frozen. If water is filled into the battery, be sure to make the engine run for at least one hour, so as to realize the full mixing between water and electrolyte.

  • Page 102: Peration In Dusty Or Sandy Area

    ① At high temperature, the generation of scale in the cooling system may be accelerated. The anti-freezing fluid shall be replaced each year, so as to remain its function as a corrosion inhibitor. ② If necessary, clean up the cooling system on a regular basis, so as to ensure that the pipeline is clean and clear.

  • Page 103: Peration In Rainy And Humid Environment

    and take this measure as frequently as possible. WARNING: When using the compressed air, please wear the safety goggles 1. When maintaining or repairing the fuel system, be careful so as to prevent dust and sand from getting into the fuel pipeline. 2.
  • Page 104 sure to adjust the mixing ratio of fuel and air in accordance with the relevant engine manual. Measure the operating temperature of the engine, and inspect whether the engine is overheated. The cover of radiator shall be properly sealed, so as to prevent the pressure of the coolant from being released.

  • Page 105: Chapter Vmaintenance And Repair

    CHAPTER V MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR 5.1 PREPARATION BEFORE MAINTENANCE Follow with the "Maintenance and Security Matters" mentioned in the previous chapter 5.2 REGULAR MAINTENANCE Instructions: 1. Before any operation or maintenance, make sure the instruction manual of the machine concerning safety, warning and descriptive information has been read and understood completely.
  • Page 106 Check the oil level of the transmission to ensure that the level stays within the normal operating range, add it as necessary. Check the fuel whether it is enough or not, add it if necessary. Check the air filter of engine whether it is clean or not, replace it if necessary. Drain all air reservoirs for pneumatic brake machines;...
  • Page 107 III. Maintenance items to be performed once every 100 hours or every half a month Remove foreign matters from all air-cooled radiator surface of the machine to ensure that the cooling system can operate normally; Carry out the following operations if these 100-hour items are performed on the machine for the first time, or skip it: replace the transmission oil, the oil filters of the transmission and torque converter and the outer oil filter of transmission and torque converter;...
  • Page 108 main drive in the center of the axle housing; replace all the drive axle gear oil once each year even if the total number of work hours is less than 500. VI. Maintenance items to be performed once every 1000 hours or every half a year Replace the hydraulic oil, the return oil filter element of hydraulic oil, and the oil suction filter element of hydraulic oil, and clean the hydraulic oil tank;...
  • Page 109 Attachment 1 Machine No.: Registration Table for Phase-by-phase Checking and Maintenance of the Loader (No.1) Brief defect Work time 100h 250h 500h 1000h 2000h 4000h 6000h 10000h Check date Checked by description ● 100h ● ● 150h ● 200h ● ●...
  • Page 110 Attachment 1 Machine No.: Registration Table for Phase-by-phase Checking and Maintenance of the Loader (No.2) Brief defect Work time 100h 250h 500h 1000h 2000h 4000h 6000h 10000h Check date Checked by description ● ● 2250h ● ● 2300h ● 2350h ●...
  • Page 111 Attachment 1 Machine No.: Registration Table for Phase-by-phase Checking and Maintenance of the Loader (No.3) Brief defect Work time 100h 250h 500h 1000h 2000h 4000h 6000h 10000h Check date Checked by description ● ● 4200h ● ● 4250h ● ● 4300h ●...
  • Page 112 Attachment 1 Machine No.: Registration Table for Phase-by-phase Checking and Maintenance of the Loader(No.4) Brief defect Work time 100h 250h 500h 1000h 2000h 4000h 6000h 10000h Check date Checked by description ● 6150h ● ● 6200h ● ● 6250h ● ●...
  • Page 113 Attachment 1 Machine No.: Registration Table for Phase-by-phase Checking and Maintenance of the Loader (No.5) Brief defect Work time 100h 250h 500h 1000h 2000h 4000h 6000h 10000h Check date Checked by description ● ● 8100h ● 8150h ● ● 8200h ●...

  • Page 114: Lubrication Chart

    5.3 LUBRICATION CHART Grease the lubricant at various sliding bearing or rolling bearing sections, such as: Driving shaft with cross head. All pin sets at both ends of the tanks. Hinge pin sets of front and rear frame; sub-frame swing the pin sets. Each pin sets of the working device Inject grease into the above mentioned sections with pressure.

  • Page 115: The Chinese And Foreign Oil Type List For Wheel Loader115

    5.4 THE CHINESE AND FOREIGN OIL TYPE LIST FOR WHEEL LOADER International standard serial number and Oil Name Chinese standard serial number and type type Ordinary CD 15W/40 Ordinary CF-4 15W/40 Engine Oil LOW temperature CD 5W/40 or CD OW/40 LOW temperature CF-4 5W/30 Oil for Engine Ordinary 0#...

  • Page 116: Oil Information

    5.5 OIL INFORMATION In the large scale of -30 to 50 Celsius, grade, provision and addition in each small range for the recommended engine oil, transmission oil, hydraulic oil, drive axle oil, pin shaft lubrication grease, diesel oil, antifreeze.(with international grade and metric unit). Capa Environment temperature city...

  • Page 117: Maintenance Of The Engine Coolant

    Universal torque table of metric thread Tightening torque (N.M) Specifications 8.8 class 10.9 class 9~12 13~16 22~30 30~36 45~59 65~78 78~104 110~130 124~165 180~210 193~257 280~330 264~354 380~450 376~502 540~650 512~683 740~880 651~868 940~1120 952~1269 1400~1650 1293~1723 1700~2000 1759~2345 2743~3298 2259~3012 2800~3350 2932~3898...

  • Page 118: Coolant Composition

    The coolant of the engine is composed and with water, antifreeze liquid and additives in certain proportion. LONKING recommends using the mixture of 50% ethylene glycol or propylene glycol-based antifreeze and 50% soft water as the coolant of the engine in most weather conditions.

  • Page 119: Adding Coolant

    identification. In the process of engine operation, the additive will gradually deplete. Therefore, it is quite necessary to replace the cooling liquid periodically. Therefore, the normal maintenance of the engine coolant not only functions as good anti-rust, anti-corrosion, furring generation to a variety of metals within the cooling system, but also effectively reduces the cavitations erosion (cavitations erosion is a kind of damage phenomenon of the fluid engineering, and the outer wall of diesel engine cylinder liner will also produce metal falling off resulting from cavitations corrosion, and will...

  • Page 120: Inspect Coolant Level Regularly

    air-conditioning system. Switch on with counter-clockwise rotation the water valve of the two heaters of the inlet and outlet water pipe of the evaporator from the engine to air conditioner system. Warm water valve for controlling the water inlet of the air-conditioning system, see right figure: 3.

  • Page 121: Cleaning Of Cooling System

    2. Maintain the coolant in the right position (6% the expansion space need to reserved), add coolant, if necessary. Warning Adding coolant when the engine is at high temperature will cause coolant boiling and damages to the engine. Fatherly fill coolant till the coolant temperature is below 50℃.

  • Page 122: Engine Air Filter Maintenance

    Fill the coolant with the method specified for adding coolant. 5.7.5 ENGINE AIR FILTER MAINTENANCE When the Engine is working, it demands clean and fresh air from filter, and proper maintenance may protect the cylinder liner, piston, piston rings, valves and other parts of from wearing and reduce the wearing.
  • Page 123 Clean the liner wall of the air filter. Blow away the dust on the filter paper of main filter element with compressed air free of oil mist, water (pressure less than 300KPa) 5. Inspect with flash light after clean the main filter, if any small hole or tiny article is found over the main filter element, and any damages over gasket or seal, replace with a new main filter.

  • Page 124: Replacement Of Safe Filter Element Of Air Filter

    5.7.7 REPLACEMENT OF SAFE FILTER ELEMENT OF AIR FILTER When clean the main filter element five times, it is required to replace the safe filter element, and only to replace but not cleaning to use it again. 1. Shut down the engine, remove the air filter cover.

  • Page 125: Fuel Oil Level Inspection

    impurities in diesel will settle at the bottom of fuel tank. 5. After end of daily work, unscrew the drain plug at the bottom of diesel pre-filter, primary diesel filter and secondary diesel filter to remove moisture and impurities. Repeat the above steps till the drained oil is clean. 5.8.2 FUEL OIL LEVEL INSPECTION Drive the loader to the even site, turn off the engine.

  • Page 126: Maintenance Of Engine Oil

    install seat of with non-fiber cloth. Dismount the transparent drainage cup from the lower part of the fuel pre-filter. Clean up the water drain cup, and replace new seal ring, and then install it into a new fuel filter element of the fuel pre-filter. Fill the fuel into the pre-filter, replace new seals, and smear a layer of engine oil over the engine, and then install it to the install seat.

  • Page 127: Replacement Of Engine Oil Filter

    2. Screw on the oil outlet screw piston, and then fill in the clean engine oil from the inlet port to the oil level of "H" of the clean-foot scale. Run the engine under the idle speed to inspect whether there are any leakage occurred on the oil filter and oil outlet piston. 3.

  • Page 128: Inspect Battery

    5.9.1 INSPECT BATTERY Battery is shown as the right figure: 1. Inspect in cold weather In cold weather, if the battery's electrolyte has been frozen, neither recharge the battery, nor use the other power supply to start the engine, this would cause the batteries on fire; melt the battery electrolyte prior to starting, and inspect whether there is any leakage.
  • Page 129 2. Inspect lighting equipment, etc. 1) First inspect the lights, horn, wiper and other electrical components to find out whether they are fault-free or not; 2) If there is any error, then inspect the corresponding fuse to find out whether there is any error according to the schematic, if there is any error, replace it;...

  • Page 130: Soldering

    4) If there is no damage, then loose, short circuit and, connect a small resistor in series, then the indicator will display the max. value, the indicating hand does not point to a mark, if it cannot normally indicate, and then replace the meter. 5.9.3 SOLDERING When perform soldering on the whole machine,...

  • Page 131: Transmission Oil Maintenance

    5.10 TRANSMISSION OIL MAINTENANCE 5.10.1 INSPECT OIL LEVEL OF GEARBOX Refueling port of the gearbox is at the left side of the frame articulated section; please inspect the oil level of the gearbox regularly according to the regulated cycle. Gearbox may be damaged if its oil level is too high or too low.

  • Page 132: Maintenance Of Drive Axle Oil

    4. When replacing transmission oil, it is necessary to replace the fine filter of the gearbox as well. 5. Remove the transmission oil pan. Clean the filter screen with compressed air or diesel fuel. 6. Install transmission oil pan, drain plug and corresponding sealing elements. 7.

  • Page 133: Replacement Of The Drive Axle Oil

    7. Inspect the oil level of the rear driving according to the above operation procedures. 5.11.2 REPLACEMENT OF THE DRIVE AXLE OIL It requires replacing drive axle oil within regulated cycle. The replacement procedures are as follows: Drive the machine to park at a flat ground; slowly move the car with low oil supplying, to keep the oil outlet screw piston at the end side of the wheel rim of the front drive axle to be located at the lowest position.

  • Page 134: Maintenance For Long Time Parking

    When tire pressure is inspected and adjusted, it should be carried out after the tire is fully cooled. Pressure of Nitrogen inflated tire is the same as that of the air-inflated tire. 5.13 MAINTENANCE FOR LONG TIME PARKING If the machine will be stored for a long time exceeding one month, the following steps should be followed with: 1.

  • Page 135: Maintenance Of Hydraulic Oil

    The maintenance under heavy dust or very hot environments Clean the air filter more frequently. Flush the surface of the heat radiator to remove the embedded dust and dirt. More frequent replacement of fuel filter. If necessary, inspect and clean up the starter motors and generators. The maintenance for the operation in rocky environment, Inspect the wheel and tire assembly to confirm whether there is any damages or excessive wear and tear.

  • Page 136: Regular Replacement Of Hydraulic Oil

    REGULAR REPLACEMENT OF HYDRAULIC OIL 5.15.2 Every 2000 working hours or every year the hydraulic oil should be replaced. If the oil deterioration occurs due to poor working conditions, or hydraulic oil is contaminated, such as the color changes to black, oil foaming, please replace the hydraulic oil. Warning During the oil changing process, the machine need to be operated at a variety of actions, please note to perform in accordance with the relevant safety regulations.

  • Page 137: Bucket Maintenance

    lift arm 2-3 times, tilting the bucket backwards and forwards and turning the bucket to the left and right to the maximum angle, fill the oil cylinder with hydraulic oil. Then let the engine run at idle speed for 5 minutes to exhaust air from the system. 11.
  • Page 138 Figure 3 Find out the lift arm pin hole and bucket pin hole, to install the bucket pin (2, Figure 4). Lock the Pin Plate bolts of Bucket (1, Figure 2). Figure 4...

  • Page 139: Chapter Vi Common Faults And Trouble-Shooting

    CHAPTER VI COMMON FAULTS AND TROUBLE-SHOOTING Fault Cause Action Switch for gearing again, or re-adjust the Shift is not geared on. variable speed handle of the system Oil level of the gearbox is too Fuel to the regulated oil level. low.
  • Page 140 Fault Cause Action Loss flow of steering pump is inadequate. Inspect or replace the steering pump Pressure change of the safety pressure Steering torque is Adjust its pressure (pressure) valve insufficient Steering pump leaks seriously inside. Repair or replace Oil seal of the cylinder is worn or Change oil seal damaged Distribution valve is excessively worn,...
  • Page 141 Fault Possible cause Fault phenomenon Elimination method Identify other causes Refrigerant leak in the system No pressure indication Refill with refrigerant Electrical devices (compressor/evaporating Normal pressure indication Replace defective devices fan/condensate fan) work properly or not Replace the belt or adjust it Loose or broken to a value within prescribed belt...
  • Page 142 Fault feature Cause Elimination method Reverse polarity connection of power Connect to power source Power lamp of MP3 player source is not lit up Disconnected protective tube or open Check and connect power line correctly, replace power line protective tube No power voltage Connect the power line properly Open loudspeaker circuit...
  • Page 143 CHAPTER VII MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING OF AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM Item Content Whether air blower operates with abnormal noise Evaporator Whether air inlet & outlet are smooth Whether water drainage is smooth Whether fastening bolts loosen Whether the tightness of the belt is appropriate Compress Whether the clutch pulls in properly Whether dust and filth is too much...

  • Page 144: Chapter Vii Maintenance And Servicing Of Air-Conditioning System 143 Chapter Viii Environmental Protection Requirement

    CHAPTER VIII ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENT When performing maintenance, the parts replaced should not be arbitrarily discarded, and should be recycled. When performing maintenance, do not put coolant, oil (fuel, engine oil, hydraulic oil, transmission oil, gear oil, grease, etc.), electrolyte or other objects may cause environmental pollution, directly on the ground, use the special containers to collect them and dispose them in accordance with relevant regulations.

  • Page 145: Appendix: Reference Table Of Proportion Of Common Materials

    APPENDIX: REFERENCE TABLE OF PROPORTION OF COMMON MATERIALS Specific gravity reference Material name Category Note (Kg/m Stick thin dry soil 1250 Caking dry soil 1520 Powder dry soil 1550 Ordinary soil Wet soil 1725 Mud-like soil 1730 Tight soil 1840 Wet soil 1750 Clay...

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