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PASCO OS-8515B Instruction Manual

Basic optics system
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I n s t r u c t io n M a n u a l w i th
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E x p e r im e n t G u id e a n d
T e a c h e r s ' N o te s
0 1 2 - 0 9 6 1 4B
Basic Optics System
OS-8515B

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  • Page 1 E x p e r im e n t G u id e a n d T e a c h e r s ’ N o te s 0 1 2 - 0 9 6 1 4B Basic Optics System OS-8515B...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m T a b le o f C o n te n t s Contents Introduction ............3 About the Equipment .

  • Page 3: Introduction

    636-05611 Introduction The PASCO Basic Optics System contains the optics components you will need for a variety of experiments and demonstrations. This manual includes student instructions and teacher’s notes for 15 typical experiments. For an even greater variety, you can expand the system with any of the Basic Optics kits and components avail- able from PASCO, including lasers, polarizers, diffraction slits, and light sensors.

  • Page 4: About The Equipment

    B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m A b o u t th e E q u ip m e n t About the Equipment For detailed information on the Light Source, Ray Table, Adjustable Lens Holder, and Ray Optics Kit, see the instruction sheets included with those components.
  • Page 5 M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B A b o u t th e E x p e r i m e n t s Prism (page 9): Show how a prism separates white light into its component col- ors and show that different colors are refracted at different angles through a prism.
  • Page 6 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m A b o u t t h e E x p e r im e n t s ®...

  • Page 7: Experiment 1: Color Addition

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r im e n t 1 : C o l o r A d d i t io n Experiment 1: Color Addition Required Equipment from Basic Optics System Light Source Convex Lens from Ray Optics Kit...
  • Page 8 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 1 : C o lo r A d d i t io n Part 2: Observing Colored Ink Under Colored Light Procedure While you look away, have your partner draw two lines—one red and one black—on a sheet of white paper.

  • Page 9: Experiment 2: Prism

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r im e n t 2 : P r i s m Experiment 2: Prism Required Equipment from Basic Optics System Light Source Rhombus from Ray Optics Kit Blank white paper...
  • Page 10 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r i m e n t 2 : P r i s m Rotate the rhombus until the angle (θ) of the emerging ray is as large as possible and the ray separates into colors.

  • Page 11: Experiment 3: Reflection

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r i m e n t 3 : R e f l e c t io n Experiment 3: Reflection Required Equipment from Basic Optics System Light Source Mirror from Ray Optics Kit...
  • Page 12 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 3 : R e f l e c t io n the incoming and the outgoing rays and mark them with arrows in the appropriate directions.

  • Page 13: Experiment 4: Snell's Law

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B Ex p e r i me n t 4 : S n e ll ’s L a w Experiment 4: Snell’s Law Required Equipment from Basic Optics System Light Source Rhombus from Ray Optics Kit Other Required Equipment...
  • Page 14 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r i me n t 4 : S n e l l’s L a w On a new sheet of paper, repeat steps 2–6 with a different angle of incidence. Repeat these steps again with a third angle of incidence.

  • Page 15: Experiment 5: Total Internal Reflection

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r im e n t 5 : T o t a l In t e r n a l R e f l e c t io n Experiment 5: Total Internal Reflection Required Equipment from Basic Optics System Light Source...
  • Page 16 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 5 : To ta l I n t e r n a l R e f l e c t io n Procedure Place the light source in ray-box mode on a sheet of white paper.

  • Page 17: Experiment 6: Convex And Concave Lenses

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r im e n t 6 : C o n ve x a n d C o n c a v e L e n s e s Experiment 6: Convex and Concave Lenses Required Equipment from Basic Optics System Light Source...
  • Page 18 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r i m e n t 6 : C o n v e x a n d C o n c a v e L e n s e s Nest the convex and concave lenses together and place them in the path of the parallel rays (see Figure 6.2).

  • Page 19: Experiment 7: Hollow Lens

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r im e n t 7 : H o llo w L e n s Experiment 7: Hollow Lens Required Equipment from Basic Optics System Light Source Hollow Lens from Ray Optics Kit Box from Ray Optics Kit (with lenses and foam insert removed)
  • Page 20 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 7 : H o ll o w L e n s Repeat this step with water in different section of the lens to complete the first four rows of Table 7.1.

  • Page 21: Experiment 8: Lensmaker's Equation

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r i m e n t 8 : L e n s m a k e r ’s E q u a t io n Experiment 8: Lensmaker’s Equation Required Equipment from Basic Optics System Light Source...
  • Page 22 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r i m e n t 8 : L e n s m a k e r ’ s E q u a t io n Trace around the surface of the lens and trace the incident and transmitted rays.

  • Page 23: Experiment 9: Apparent Depth

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r im e n t 9 : A p p a r e n t D e p th Experiment 9: Apparent Depth Required Equipment from Basic Optics System Light Source Rhombus from Ray Optics Kit...
  • Page 24 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 9 : A p p a r e n t D e p th Paper Line Rhombus Figure 9.2 With both eyes, look down through the top of the rhombus.
  • Page 25 M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r im e n t 9 : A p p a r e n t D e p th Mark the place on the paper where the two rays cross each other. Position the rhombus as shown in Figure 9.4.
  • Page 26 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 9 : A p p a r e n t D e p th ®...

  • Page 27: Experiment 10: Reversibility

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r i m e n t 1 0 : R e v e r s ib il it y Experiment 10: Reversibility Required Equipment from Basic Optics System Ray Table D-shaped Lens...
  • Page 28 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 1 0 : R e v e r s ib il it y Record Data Table 10.1: Data Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 1...

  • Page 29: Experiment 11: Dispersion

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r im e n t 1 1 : D is p e r s io n Experiment 11: Dispersion Required Equipment from Basic Optics System Ray Table D-shaped Lens Light Source...
  • Page 30 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 1 1 : D is p e r s io n the ray enters the lens through the curved surface, and the angle of incidence is 0°.

  • Page 31: Experiment 12: Focal Length And Magnification Of A Thin Lens

    Converging lens of unknown focal length Screen Other Equipment Metric ruler Optics Caliper (optional, for measuring image sizes), PASCO part OS-8468 Instructors: see note on page 51. Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to determine the focal length of a thin lens, and to measure the magnification for a certain combination of object and image distances.
  • Page 32 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 1 2 : F o c a l L e n g t h a n d M a g n if ic a ti o n o f a Th in L e n s Use the Thin Lens Formula (Equation 12.1) to calculate the focal length.
  • Page 33 M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r i me n t 1 2 : F o c a l L e n g t h a n d M a g n if ic a ti o n o f a Th in L e n s Table 12.1: Image and Object Distances Distance from light source to...
  • Page 34 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 1 2 : F o c a l L e n g t h a n d M a g n if ic a ti o n o f a Th in L e n s Calculate the absolute value of M (for each of the two lens positions) using your measurements of the image size and object size.

  • Page 35: Experiment 13: Telescope

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r i m e n t 1 3 : T e le s c o p e Experiment 13: Telescope Required Equipment from Basic Optics System Bench 2 Convex Lenses (+100 mm and +200 mm)
  • Page 36 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 1 3 : T e le s c o p e end of the optics bench and place the screen on the other end (see Figure 13.2). Their exact positions do not matter yet.
  • Page 37 M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r i m e n t 1 3 : T e le s c o p e Measure d , the distance from the object (paper pat- Table 13.1: Results tern on screen) to the objective lens.
  • Page 38 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 1 3 : T e le s c o p e ®...

  • Page 39: Experiment 14: Microscope

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r i m e n t 1 4 : M ic r o s c o p e Experiment 14: Microscope Required Equipment from Basic Optics System Bench 2 Convex Lenses (+100 mm and +200 mm)
  • Page 40 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 1 4 : M ic r o s c o p e middle of the optics bench and place the screen near the end of the bench (see Figure 14.2).
  • Page 41 M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r i m e n t 1 4 : M ic r o s c o p e Analysis To calculate the magnification complete the following steps and record the answers in Table 14.1: Measure d , the distance from the object (paper pat-...
  • Page 42 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 1 4 : M ic r o s c o p e ®...

  • Page 43: Experiment 15: Shadows

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B E x p e r i m e n t 1 5 : S h a d o w s Experiment 15: Shadows Required Equipment from Basic Optics System (2 systems needed) 2 Benches 2 Light Sources 1 Screen...
  • Page 44 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m E x p e r im e n t 1 5 : S h a d o w s ®...

  • Page 45: Telescope And Microscope Test Pattern

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B T e l e s c o p e a n d M ic r o s c o p e Te s t P a t t e r n Telescope and Microscope Test Pattern Attach a copy of this pattern to the viewing screen for experiments 13 and 14.
  • Page 46 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m Te le s c o p e a n d M ic r o s c o p e T e s t P a tt e r n ®...

  • Page 47: Teacher's Guide

    M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B T e a c h e r ’ s G u id e Teacher’s Guide Experiment 1: Color Addition Note on procedure: Student’s expectation may differ from actual results. Encourage them to carefully observe the resulting colors and describe them accurately.
  • Page 48 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m Te a c h e r ’s G u id e Experiment 3: Reflection Part 1, typical results: Table 3.1: Plane Mirror Results Angle of Incidence Angle of Reflection 9.0°...
  • Page 49 M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B T e a c h e r ’ s G u id e Experiment 6: Convex and Concave Lenses Typical results: Table 6.1: Results Convex Lens Concave Lens Focal Length...
  • Page 50 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m Te a c h e r ’s G u id e Experiment 9: Apparent Depth Typical results: Table 1.1: Results Part 1: Parallax method 2.12 cm 3.18 cm 1.50 Part 2: Ray-tracing method...
  • Page 51 M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B T e a c h e r ’ s G u id e Notes on analysis: Trial 2 slope = 1.498 ± 0.009 One way to find n is to plot sin(θ...
  • Page 52 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m Te a c h e r ’s G u id e Part 2: Typical results. Table 12.1: Image and Object Distances Distance from light source to screen (cm) (cm)
  • Page 53 M o d e l N o . O S - 8 5 1 5 B T e a c h e r ’ s G u id e Experiment 13: Telescope Typical results: Table 13.1: Results Position of Objective Lens 63.4 cm Position of Eyepiece Lens 102.2 cm...
  • Page 54 B a s ic O p t ic s S y s t e m Te a c h e r ’s G u id e tual image, viewed through the eyepiece lens, coincides with the virtual image of the grid pattern viewed through both lenses.

  • Page 55: Technical Support

    Trademarks PASCO and PASCO scientific are trademarks or registered trademarks of PASCO scientific, in the United States and/or in other coun- tries. All other brands, products, or service names are or may be trademarks or service marks of, and are used to identify, products or services of, their respective owners.

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