Tektronix 2445 Instruction Manual
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Tektronix 2445 Instruction Manual

Tektronix 2445 Instruction Manual

Operators
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Ifektronix
2445
OSCILLOSCOPE
OPERATORS
INSTRUCTION
MANUAL

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  • Page 1 Ifektronix 2445 OSCILLOSCOPE OPERATORS INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
  • Page 2 Tektronix COMMITTED TO EXCELLENCE PLEASE CHECK FOR CHANGE INFORMATION AT THE REAR OF THIS MANUAL. 2445 OSCILLOSCOPE OPERATORS INSTRUCTION MANUAL Tektronix, Inc. P.O. Box 500 Beaverton, Oregon 97077 S e ria l N u m b e r _____________________ 070-3830-00...
  • Page 3 Copyright © 1982 Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of Tektronix, Inc. Products of Tektronix, Inc. and its subsidiaries are covered by U.S. and foreign patents and/or pending patents. TEKTRONIX, TEK, SCOPE-MOBILE, and registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    2445 Operators TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page LIST OF IL L U S T R A T IO N S ..SECTION 5 OPERATOR'S CHECKS AND ADJUSTMENTS LIST OF TABLES......IN TR O D U C TIO N ....... OPERATORS SAFETY SUMMARY IN IT IA L SETUP.........
  • Page 5 2445 Operators LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page The 2445 Oscilloscope........................2- 1 Line selector switch, line fuse, and detachable power cord............3- 1 Power and display c o n tro ls ....................... Vertical controls and CH 1 OR X and CH 2 connectors..............

  • Page 6: Operators Safety Summary

    2445 Operators OPERATORS SAFETY SUMMARY The general safety inform ation in this part o f the summary is fo r both operating and servicing personnel. Specific warnings and cautions w ill be found throughout the manual where they apply and do not appear in this summary.
  • Page 7 2445 Operators...

  • Page 8: Section 1 Specification

    (Table 1-1) w ith DC input-signal coupling. Trigger circuits enable stable are valid for the 2445 when it has been adjusted at an triggering over the full bandwidth of the vertical system. ambient temperature between +20°C and +30°C, has had a warm-up period of at least 20 minutes, and is operating at an ambient temperature between —15°C and +55°C...

  • Page 9: Electrical Characteristics

    Specification—2445 Operators Table 1-1 Electrical Characteristics Characteristics Performance Requirements VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM-CHANNEL 1 AND CHANNEL 2 Deflection Factor Range 2 mV per division to 5 V per division in a 1-2-5 sequence of 11 steps. Accuracy +15°C to +35° C Within ±2% at any VO LTS/DIV setting for a 4- or 5-division signal...
  • Page 10 Specification—2445 Operators Table 1-1 (cont) Characteristics Performance Requirements VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM-CHANNEL 1 AND CHANNEL 2 (cont) Channel Isolation 100:1 or greater attenuation of the deselected channel at 100 MHz; 50:1 or greater attenuation at 150 MHz, fo r an eight-division input signal from 2 mV per division to 500 mV per division, w ith equal VO LTS/DIV switch settings on both channels.
  • Page 11 Specification— 2445 Operators Table 1-1 (cont) Characteristics Performance Requirements VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM -CHANNEL 3 AND CHANNEL 4 (cont) Input R and C Resistance 1 M£2±1%. 15 pF ±3 pF. Capacitance Maximum Input Voltage 400 V (dc + peak ac); 800 V p-p ac at 10 kHz or less.
  • Page 12 Specification-2445 Operators Table 1-1 (cont) Performance Requirements Characteristics TRIGGERING (cont) Maximum P-P Signal Rejected by NOISE REJ COUPLING fo r Signals Within the Vertical Bandwidth Channel 1 or Channel 2 Source 0.4 division or greater for VO LTS/DIV switch settings of 10 mV and higher.
  • Page 13 Specification—2445 Operators Table 1-1 (cont) Performance Requirements Characteristics HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM 1 s per division to 10 ns per division in a 1-2-5 sequence of 25 steps. A Sweep Time Base Range X I 0 MAG feature extends maximum sweep speed to 1 ns per division.
  • Page 14 Specification— 2445 Operators Table 1-1 (cont) Characteristics Performance Requirements HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM (cont) Delay Time Position Range 0 to 9.95 times the A SEC/DIV switch setting. Main sweep triggering event is observable on delayed sweep w ith zero delay setting.
  • Page 15 Specification—2445 Operators Table 1-1 (cont) Performance Requirements Characteristics SIGNAL OUTPUTS (cont) CALIBRATOR (cont) Symmetry Duration o f high portion o f output cycle is 50% o f output period ± (lesser of 500 ns or 25% o f period). Jitter o f Pulse Period or Pulse Width 10 ns or less.

  • Page 16: Environmental Characteristics

    Part 5 (CS-06 and RS-02), and Part 7 (CS-01, RE-02, and RE- 03— limited to 1 GHz); VDE 0871, Catagory B; Part 15 of FCC Rules and Regulations, Subpart J, Class A; and Tektronix Standard 062- 2866-00. Set on rear feet and allowed to topple over onto each of four Topple (operating with cabinet installed) adjacent faces (Tektronix Standard 062-2858-00).
  • Page 17 330 mm (13.0 in). Depth With Front-Panel Cover 434 mm (17.1 in). With Handle Extended 505 mm (19.9 in). Cooling Forced-air circulation. Finish Tektronix Blue vinyl-clad material on aluminum cabinet. Construction Aluminum-alloy chassis (sheet metal). Die-cast aluminum front panel. Glass-laminate circuit boards. 1-10...

  • Page 18: Section 2 Preparation For Use

    The protective- ground contact on the plug connects (through the power- cord protective grounding conductor) to the accessible The 2445 operates from either a 115-V or a 230-V metal parts of the instrument. For electrical-shock pro­ nominal...

  • Page 19: Start-Up

    2. If the instrument is to be shipped to a Tektronix fo r repair of the problem at the earliest convenience.

  • Page 20: Voltage, Fuse, And Power-Cord Data

    Preparation for Use— 2445 Operators 3. Wrap the instrument with polyethylene sheeting or 5. Seal the carton w ith shipping tape or with an indus­ equivalent to protect the outside finish and prevent trial stapler. entry o f packing materials into the instrument.

  • Page 22: Section 3 Controls, Connectors

    Section 3— 2445 Operators CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, AND INDICATORS The following descriptions are intended to familiarize ( T ) SCALE ILLU M C ontrol-A djusts the light level of the operator w ith the location and function of the instru­ the graticule illumination.

  • Page 23: E R T Ic A L

    Controls, Connectors, and Indicators— 2445 Operators VERTICAL CH 2 input connector while 50 12 DC input coupling is selected, input coupling w ill revert to 1 M12 GND and a crt readout w ill indicate the Refer to Figure 3-2 fo r location of items 10 through 17.

  • Page 24: Channel 3 And Channel 4 Controls And Connectors And Calibrator O U T P U T

    Controls, Connectors, and Indicators— 2445 Operators The position of this switch has no effect on the ) MODE Switches—Select the indicated channel(s) switching rate of m ultiple X-Y displays. When more fo r display when latched in. Any combination of the...

  • Page 25: Horizontal And Delta Measurement

    POS control. jitte r and w ill give false (low) frequency counts. The sweep o f the 2445 is easily shut o ff by set­ ting the TRIGGER MODE switch to SGL SEQ. For single-trace displays, when either the Delta...
  • Page 26 Controls, Connectors, and Indicators— 2445 Operators appear on the A Sweep if the B TRIGGER MODE If either A t or 1/At is also activated, intensified is set to RUN AFT DLY. When the B TRIGGER zones and associated B Sweeps w ill be established MODE is set to TRIG A FT DLY, intensified zones in the same manner as described in "PULL-...
  • Page 27 Controls, Connectors, and Indicators— 2445 Operators ( S ) X10 MAG Switch— Horizontally magnifies the por­ two separate delay times are established by the tion of the sweep display positioned at the center Delta Time function. One cursor position (or delay...

  • Page 28: Trigger

    Controls, Connectors, and Indicators— 2445 Operators peak-reference levels and the trigger level are (32) A Control— Sets the alternate B Sweep delay time or redefined whenever triggering ceases, whenever the positions the Delta-time cursor (vertical line) when LEVEL control is turned to either extreme, or either the A t or 1/A t Measurement Mode is active.
  • Page 29 Controls, Connectors, and Indicators— 2445 Operators set to GND or when the input coupling of both When A L T VER TICAL MODE is selected, each Channel 1 and Channel 2 is set to GND, w ith displayed channel in turn provides the triggering...

  • Page 30: Rear Panel

    Controls, Connectors, and Indicators— 2445 Operators circuitry; it allows stable triggering on the low- LEVEL Control— Sets the amplitude point on the frequency components of a complex waveform. triggering signal at which either A or B Sweep trig­ gering occurs. This control produces fine resolution fo r a portion of its range, after which it changes to LF REJ—Signals are capacitively coupled, and the...

  • Page 31: Rear-Panel Controls And Connectors

    Controls, Connectors, and Indicators—2445 Operators (44) CH 2 SIGNAL OUT Connector—Provides an output (46) Fuse Holder—Contains the ac power-source fuse. signal that is a normalized representation of the Channel 2 input signal. The output amplitude into a 1-M12 load is approximately 20 mV per division of input signal.

  • Page 32: Readout Display

    Controls, Connectors, and Indicators— 2445 Operators READOUT DISPLAY The Trigger-Level readout shows the signal voltage (at the probe tip of encoded probes) that w ill initiate the sweep. The readout appears only if the follow ing con­ The Readout System provides an alphanumeric display...

  • Page 34: Section 4 Operating Considerations

    The most reliable signal measurements are made when rlc A L G B ? ™ ULE PERCENTAGE the 2445 and the unit under test are connected by a com­ ICULE LINE M ARKER S mon reference (ground lead) in addition to the signal lead or probe.

  • Page 35: Signal Connections

    Operating Considerations—2445 Operators SIGNAL CONNECTIONS frequency characteristics of an applied signal, only high- quality, low-loss coaxial cables should be used. Coaxial cables should be terminated at both ends in their char­ Probes acteristic impedance. If this is not possible, use suitable Generally, probes offer the most convenient means of impedance-matching devices.

  • Page 36: Section 5 Operator's Checks And

    Section 5 -2 4 4 5 Operators OPERATOR'S CHECKS AND ADJUSTMENTS INTRODUCTION Horizontal A AND B SEC/DIV Locked together at 1 ms SEC/DIV VAR Calibrated detent To verify the operation and accuracy of your instru­ POSITION Midrange ment before making measurements, perform the following 10X MAG O ff (button out) check...

  • Page 37: Astigmatism Adjustment

    "In itia l Setup." Set 20 MHz BW LIM IT On (in). AUTO DC BALANCE ADJUSTMENT The 2445 can automatically perform a dc-balance Connect the two 10X probes (supplied w ith the adjustment of Channel 1 and Channel 2. This adjustment instrument) to the CH 1 OR X and the CH 2 input con­...

  • Page 38: Matching Channel 2 Delay

    CH 2 DELAY — TURN A in the upper right-hand corner of the screen. NOTE The 2445 can be set to preclude operator adjustment o f Channel 2 delay. I f the delay-offset feature is disabled, the message CH 2 DLY DISABLED appears in the top row o f the readout when attempting to activate the feature.

  • Page 39: Amplitude Check

    10. Set X10 MAG ON (button in) and adjust the A TIMING CHECK control until the two signals are overlaid horizontally. The CALIBRATOR signal on the 2445 automatically changes repetition rate with the setting of the A SEC/DIV NOTE switch w ithin the range of 100 ms to 100 ns. This feature...

  • Page 40: Section 6 Basic Applications

    5. Set the A SEC/DIV switch to a position that displays measurements. Recommended methods for making the a few cycles of the waveform. basic types o f measurements with the 2445 are described in the procedures contained in this section. Activate the Delta Volts measurement function by momentarily pressing in the A V button.

  • Page 41: Voltage Ratio

    Basic Applications—2445 Operators To measure peak-to-peak voltage, align the Reference NOTE cursor w ith the bottom of the waveform and align the Delta The VO LTS/DIV switch and the VO LTS/DIV VAR cursor w ith the top of the waveform.

  • Page 42: Algebraic Addition And Eliminating Common-Mode Signals

    Basic Applications— 2445 Operators NOTE following procedure shows how to eliminate unwanted ac input-power frequency components. Similar In certain situations, such as checking test limits, methods could be used either to eliminate other unwanted it may be more convenient to use the cursors in the frequency components or to provide a dc offset.

  • Page 43: Time Interval

    Basic Applications—2445 Operators Select both ADD and INVERT, release the CH 1 by adjusting the VO LTS/DIV VAR control until the wave­ and CH 2 buttons, and slightly readjust the Channel 2 form exactly fills the screen between the 0% and 100%...

  • Page 44: Time Difference Between Two Time-Related Pulses

    Basic Applications— 2445 Operators TIME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TIME RATIO TWO TIME-RELATED PULSES The Delta Time function also can be used to measure The time difference between two time-related pulses and compute the ratio, in terms of percent, between two can be measured in a manner similar to that previously different time intervals (e.g., a test interval and a reference...

  • Page 45: Phase Difference Between Two Time-Related Signals

    Basic Applications—2445 Operators Align the Reference cursor to the left edge of the Using either probes or cables w ith equal time delays, test interval and the Delta cursor to the right edge of the apply the reference signal to the CH 1 OR X input con­...

  • Page 46: Delayed-Sweep Operation

    DELAYED-SWEEP OPERATION DELTA CURSOR The 2445 offers three delayed-sweep operating modes: the A Intensified Sweep, the A Intensified Sweep alternated w ith the B Delayed Sweep, and the B Delayed Sweep. Appropriate use for these modes varies w ith the particular...
  • Page 47 Basic Applications—2445 Operators NOTE speed shortens the length of the zone. The intensified zone on the A Sweep trace is used to identify the point of I f the Tracking mode o f delay-time positioning is interest to be examined or measured, while the alternate B...
  • Page 48 Basic Applications— 2445 Operators 4. Set both VO LTS/DIV switches to produce displays 11. Rotate the B SEC/DIV switch three to six positions of approximately four to five divisions in amplitude. clockwise to obtain a high degree of resolution of the measurement points.

  • Page 50: Section 7 Options And Accessories

    Fuse (1.6 A, 250 V, 5 x 20 mm. Quick-acting) 159-0098-00 When the 2445 Oscilloscope is ordered w ith Option 1R, it is shipped in a configuration that permits easy installation into a 19-inch-wide electronic-equipment rack. Option A 2 (UK) Power cord (2.5 m)

  • Page 51: Standard Accessories

    Options and Accessories— 2445 Operators STANDARD ACCESSORIES OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES The following optional accessories are recommended The following standard accessories are provided with for use w ith the 2445 Oscilloscope. each instrument: Part Number Description Description Part Number Protective Cover, Waterproof, Probes (10X, 1.3 m) with...

  • Page 52: Appendix A Power-Up Tests

    Appendix A—2445 Operators POWER-UP TESTS Power-up tests are divided into two main parts: Kernel Brief descriptions of the tests are listed in Table A-1. A tests and Confidence tests. Confidence test failure may not render the instrument inoperable. The instrument may still be placed into the operating mode by pressing in the A/B TRIG button;...

  • Page 54: Change Information

    MANUAL CHANGE INFORMATION At Tektronix, we continually strive to keep up with latest electronic developments by adding circuit and component improvements to our instruments as soon as they are developed and tested. Sometimes, due to printing and shipping requirements, we can’t get these changes immediately into printed manuals.

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