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Eljen GSF Installation Manual

Geotextile sand filter
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Download this manual See also: Owner's Manual, Instruction and Installation Manual
Geotextile Sand Filter
Virginia Design & Installation Manual
March 2013
www.eljen.com
CORPORATION
Innovative Environmental Products & Solutions Since 1970

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  • Page 1 Geotextile Sand Filter Virginia Design & Installation Manual March 2013 www.eljen.com CORPORATION Innovative Environmental Products & Solutions Since 1970...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Example Pressure Pipe Design Layout Fig. 5 Vent for Gravity and Pump Dosed PAD Systems Fig. 6 GSF with Vent Extended to Location Behind Tree or Shrub Fig. 7 Air By-Pass Line Plan View for Venting of Pumped Systems Fig. 8 Air By-Pass Line Cross Section for Venting of Pumped Systems Fig.
  • Page 3 Table 1 Specified Sand Sieve Requirements Table 2 B43 Modified Gravity Trench Sizing Table 3 B43 Modified Pressure System Trench Sizing Table 4 B43 Gravity PAD Sizing Table 5 B43 Pressure System PAD Sizing 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...

  • Page 4: Glossary Of Terms

    Design Flow The estimated peak flow that is used to size a GSF system is 150 gallons per day per Bedroom. Also known as a D-Box – is a plastic or concrete box that receives effluent from a septic Distribution Box tank and splits the flow to pipes placed above the GSF modules.
  • Page 5 Septic Tank Effluent (STE) is anaerobically digested effluent that is discharged to a Geotextile Sand Filter module for further treatment. Width & Length The system width is the sand dimension perpendicular to the GSF module rows. The system length is measured parallel to the rows of GSF modules. Wire Clamp Wire Clamps are used to secure perforated distribution pipe above the GSF modules.

  • Page 6: Gsf System Description

    *Note: The minimum vertical separation distance to a limiting feature must be maintained across the entire modified trench/pad area. The GSF B43 module contains 7 Square feet of geotextile filter fabric per square foot, which equates to 86 square feet per module.
  • Page 7 GSF System Description The Eljen GSF Geotextile Sand Filter system is a cost-effective upgrade from other septic technologies. Comprised of a proprietary two-stage Bio-Matt™ pre-treatment process, the geotextile modules apply a better-than-secondary septic tank effluent to the soil, increasing the soil’s ability to accept the effluent. The result is superior treatment in a smaller soil absorption area.

  • Page 8: Basic System Design

    1.6 DISTRIBUTION PIPE: SDR-35 or equivalent is required. Place SDR-35 perforated pipe on top of GSF modules with holes a 5 and 7 o’clock. Secure pipe to GSF modules with provided wire clamps, one clamp per Eljen module. 1.7 DISTRIBUTION BOX: Set the gravity system D-box outlet invert a minimum of ⅛ inch drop in elevation per linear foot to the top first module in the Modified Trench or PAD configuration.
  • Page 9 Installation of an appropriate sized septic tank outlet effluent filter. NOTE: Eljen requires the use of septic tank outlet effluent filters on all systems, especially on those systems that have single compartment tanks and garbage disposal systems installed, even if the tanks design capacity has been increased.

  • Page 10: Systems For Level Sites

    4.1 PUMP DISTRIBUTION BOX: Specify an oversized distribution box for pumped systems. Provide velocity reduction in the D-box with a tee or baffle. Set D-box invert 2 inches higher than invert of perforated pipe over GSF modules. If the absorption area is installed deeper than 18 inches, the system must be vented. See section 5.0 of this manual for detailed information on venting of systems.
  • Page 11 Design requirements will vary depending on length of system and dose volume. At least one drain hole per line at the 6 o’clock position must added to each line. Eljen recommends that timed pressure distribution systems be designed by a professional engineer or other qualified person. See Figures 3 and 4 for example Low Pressure Distribution drawing details.

  • Page 12: General System Installation Guidelines

    Installation of the manufacturer supplied cover fabric. Cover fabric placement requires setting the tension and orientation of the fabric around the sides of the perforated pipe on top of the GSF modules. If the fabric is too loose, it blocks the effluent from draining into the modules. If the fabric is too tight, it could tear if punctured by a sharp object and allow soil and sand to fall into the open corrugations of the modules.

  • Page 13: Required Notes On Design Plans

    STA. The 6, 12, or 18 inches surrounding and the 12 inches below the GSF modules shall be washed concrete sand meeting the requirements of ASTM C33 with less than 10% passing a #100 sieve and less than 5% passing a #200 sieve.

  • Page 14: System Ventilation

    Home plumbing operates under negative pressure due to hot water heating the pipes and reducing the density of air in the house vent. As hot air rises and exits the home, it must be replaced by air from the GSF. To maintain this airflow and fully aerate the GSF system, it is important that air vents are located only on the distal end of the GSF pipe network.
  • Page 15 System Ventilation Example Drawings FIGURE 6: GSF WITH 4” VENT EXTENDED TO CONVENIENT LOCATION BEHIND A TREE OR SHRUB SHRUB MOUNDED BACKFILL OVER MODULES FINISHED GRADE CLEAN BACKFILL GSF MODULES COVER FABRIC NOT SHOWN OVER DISTRIBUTION PIPE AND MODULES FIGURE 7: AIR BY-PASS LINE PLAN VIEW FOR VENTING OF PUMPED SYSTEMS...

  • Page 16: Commercial Systems

    8.0 Commercial Systems Commercial systems require different sizing and design criteria as compared to residential systems. This manual is intended for residential design only. Please contact Eljen’s Technical Resource Department at 1-800-444-1359 for more information on commercial systems. 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual...

  • Page 17: Modified Trench Installations

    Install the manufacturer supplied cover fabric. Cover fabric placement requires setting the tension and orientation of the fabric around the sides of the perforated pipe on top of the GSF modules. The correct tension of the cover fabric is set by; spreading the cover fabric over the top of the module and down both sides of the module with the cover fabric tented over the top of the perforated distribution pipe.
  • Page 18 FIGURE 10: MULTIPLE TRENCH PLAN VIEW DISTRIBUTION SPECIFIED SAND PER DESIGN NATIVE SOIL PER DESIGN FIGURE 11: MULTIPLE TRENCH PUMP DOSED PLAN VIEW DISTRIBUTION PUMP LINE SEPTIC PUMP TANK TANK PER DESIGN NATIVE SOIL SPECIFIED SAND PER DESIGN 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...

  • Page 19: Modified Trench Installations For Shallow Placement Systems

    Prepare the site. Do not install a system on saturated ground or wet soils that are smeared during excavation. Keep heavy machinery off clayey soils used for the GSF system as well as down-slope from the system where soil structure is critical for absorption and drainage of the treated effluent.
  • Page 20 FIGURE 13: SLOPING SHALLOW PLACEMENT TRENCH SYSTEM 12 - 18" OF CLEAN FILL SPECIFIED SAND 12" PER DESIGN KEY IN TO EXISTING GRADE SPECIFIED SAND 12' UP TO 10% SLOPE + 1' FOR EACH INCREASE OF 10% 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...

  • Page 21: Pad Installations For Subsurface Installations

    Prepare the site. Do not install a system on saturated ground or wet soils that are smeared during excavation. Keep heavy machinery off clayey soils used for the GSF system as well as down-slope from the system where soil structure is critical for absorption and drainage of the treated effluent.

  • Page 22: Pad Installations For Raised Or Fill Systems

    Prepare the site. Do not install a system on saturated ground or wet soils that are smeared during excavation. Keep heavy machinery off clayey soils used for the GSF system as well as down-slope from the system where soil structure is critical for absorption and drainage of the treated effluent.
  • Page 23 STABILIZE SLOPE 12-18" MINIMUM 3" LOAM STATE OR LOCAL FILL REQIREMENTS SEED SPECIFIED SAND ORGINIAL GRADE REMOVE TOP SOIL SET SYSTEM BASE BELOW 36" 12" MINIMUM 1/2 CENTER TO ORGINIAL GRADE CENTER SPACING 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...
  • Page 24 NON- PERFORATED PIPE SEPTIC TANK PUMP PER DESIGN TANK SPACING SPECIFIED SAND (TYP) VARIES MINIMUM 2" DIA BY-PASS AIR LINE SPACING VARIES PERFORATED PIPE WITH HOLES AT 5 & 7 O'CLOCK (TYP) 6" 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...

  • Page 25: Slope System Installations For Modified Trenches & Pads

    Install the manufacturer supplied cover fabric. Cover fabric placement requires setting the tension and orientation of the fabric around the sides of the perforated pipe on top of the GSF modules. The correct tension of the cover fabric is set by; spreading the cover fabric over the top of the module and down both sides of the module with the cover fabric tented over the top of the perforated distribution pipe.
  • Page 26 *Note: For Sloped PAD systems, center-to-center and center-to-edge spacing will vary per design. For slopes up to 15% a minimum of 1 foot edge to edge module spacing is required. For slopes over 15% a minimum 2 foot edge to edge module spacing is required. 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...

  • Page 27: Modified Trench Design Guidance

    FIGURE 20: MODIFIED TRENCH OPTION CROSS SECTION EFFECTIVE AREA EFFECTIVE AREA 16 SF/MODULE 20 SF/MODULE 19" 19" 12" 12" SPECIFIED SAND SPECIFIED SAND 6" 36" 12" 36" EFFECTIVE AREA 24 SF/MODULE 19" 12" SPECIFIED SAND 18" 36" 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...
  • Page 28 1. Hydraulic Loading Rate numbers have been reduced to accommodate requirements of Chapter 613, Regulations for Alternative Onsite Sewage Systems. 2. Minimum number of modules allowed for system = 5 modules per bedroom. 3. For percolation rates greater than 90 min/inch design using a 6 foot trench layout. 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...
  • Page 29 Trench Area = Effective area of module x number of modules: 20 ft /module x 60 modules = 1200 ft Final Trench Dimensions: Length = 81 lf/row, Width = 5 linear feet, Trenches = 3, Modules = 60, Area = 1200 ft 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...
  • Page 30 1770 2360 2949 TABLE NOTES: 1. Minimum number of modules allowed for system = 5 modules per bedroom 2. For percolation rates greater than 90 min/inch design using a 6 foot trench layout. 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...
  • Page 31 Trench Area = Effective area of module x number of modules: 16 ft /module x 40 modules = 640 ft Final Trench Dimensions: Length = 81 lf/row, Width = 4 linear feet, Trenches = 2, Modules = 40, Area = 640 ft 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...

  • Page 32: Modified Pad Design Guidance

    TABLE 4: B43 GRAVITY PAD Note: The use of linear loading rates may affect the number of modules required for a particular design. Eljen promotes the use of best engineering practices regarding linear loading rates when designing PAD systems on sloped terrain. Longer thinner systems are recommended.
  • Page 33 The PAD is 45 feet in length by 45.25 feet in width or 2036 square feet with 4 rows of modules 45 feet in length with a center-to-center spacing of 11.25 feet and an edge to centerline row distance of 5.75 feet. 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...
  • Page 34 TABLE 5: B43 PRESSURE SYSTEM PAD Note: The use of linear loading rates may affect the number of modules required for a particular design. Eljen promotes the use of best engineering practices regarding linear loading rates when designing PAD systems on sloped terrain. Longer thinner systems are recommended.
  • Page 35 The PAD is 41 feet in length by 29.25 feet in width or 1199.25 square feet. 4 rows of modules, 41 feet in length, with a center-to-center spacing of 7.25 feet and an edge to centerline distance of 3.75 feet. 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...

  • Page 36: Troubleshooting Gsf Systems

    16.0 Troubleshooting GSF Systems If the GSF system is not operating properly, a system inspection should be performed by a Qualified Service Provider to identify the cause of the problem so that the system can be restored to normal operation. Possible problem areas to check...

  • Page 37: Design For Failed Systems

    Before designing a Geotextile Sand Filter system to replace an existing failed system, identify all possible reasons why the system failed. Proper identification of the failure is critical to ensure the GSF system will operate properly. Listed below are some common causes/reasons for septic system failures.
  • Page 38 18.0 System Maintenance and Sampling Requirements The purpose of this section is to help provide an easy and effective way to monitor and sample Eljen Alternative Onsite Sewage Systems per Section 12VAC5-613-80 of Chapter 613, Regulations for Alternative Onsite Sewage Systems.
  • Page 39 SAMPLING PARTS INSTALLED WITHIN SYSTEM AREA Collection Pipe Cap or Irrigation Sampling Tube Storage Pipe With Sampling Tube (Length and Size Per design) EQUIPTMENT FOR TAKING SAMPLES Wet-Dry Vac Collection Stoppers Collection Sampling Tube Flask Connectors 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...
  • Page 40 Collection Pipe & Sampling Tube Installation In the excavated trench, place Specified Sand in a 3-inch lift and stabilize. FIGURE 22: PLACE 3 INCHES OF SPECIFIED SAND 3 INCHES SPECIFIED SAND LAID LEVEL 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...
  • Page 41 Place the three Collection Pipes level in the Modified Trench or PAD under the location of the first, middle and last module of a row. The Collection Pipe should be centered underneath the GSF Module (See Figure 21). Keep the sampling tube out of the way and out of the trench.
  • Page 42 Pull the Sampling Tube through the Sampling Tube Storage Pipe and install on top of the Specified Sand Layer. It should be located at the outside edge of the proposed location of the GSF unit area to be sampled. The Sampling Tube Storage Pipe should be tall enough to make it to the surface.
  • Page 43 GSF Module Installation Place GSF Modules with WHITE PAINTED STRIPE FACING UP, end to end, on top of the Specified Sand. FIGURE 27: INSTALLATION OF GSF UNITS GSF MODULE Use 4-inch SDR-35 or equivalent non-perforated pipe from the distribution box to the GFS modules.
  • Page 44 GSF Module Installation Secure distribution pipe to GSF modules using one Eljen provided wire clamp per module. Push wire clamp ends straight down into up-facing core, through the module fabric and into the underlying Specified Sand. FIGURE 29: INSTALL WIRE CLAMP...
  • Page 45 GSF Module Installation With a shovel, place small piles of Specified Sand directly over the pipe area allowing the cover fabric to form a mostly vertical orientation along the sides of the pipe. Repeat this step moving down the pipe. Anchor the cover fabric by placing Specified Sand along the sides and up to the top of the module and walk it in to ensure the cover fabric is secure in place.
  • Page 46 Push entire Sampling Tube into the Sampling Tube Storage Pipe. Cap or place irrigation box over top of pipe. Mark so that service provider can find for sampling. FIGURE 33: FINAL INSTLLATION CROSS SECTION CAP OR IRRIGATION BOX 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...
  • Page 47 UNCAPPED AND SAMPLING TUBE OUT Plug the Sampling Tube into the Collection Stopper; place the Collection Stopper into the Collection Flask. FIGURE 35: CONNECT SAMPLING TUBE TO COLLECTION FLASK CONNECTED TO FLASK UNCAPPED AND SAMPLING TUBE OUT 2013 Virginia Design & Installation Manual www.eljen.com...
  • Page 48 If using your own wet-dry vac, a Connection Stopper must be installed to make a positive connection from the Collection Flask to the wet-dry vac. Please contact Eljen Corporation for guidance. FIGURE 36: CONNECT SAMPLING FLASK TO WET-DRY VAC...
  • Page 49 GSF Inspection Check List Geotextile Sand Filter, (GSF) Checklist Facility Owner: Facility Address: Installation Date: (MDY) Previous Inspection Date: (MDY) Date of Inspection: (MDY) Residential Number of Bedrooms: Is this a Commercial Design? If yes, what type? Comments: BOD5 What is the estimated BOD5 and...
  • Page 50 GSF Inspection Check List Comments: Is there evidence of soil slump or compaction by traffic or other means in the vicinity of the soil absorption system? If yes, describe: Comments: Is effluent visible through the observation port? If yes, describe...
  • Page 52 In the mid-1980s, we introduced our Geotextile Sand Filter products for the passive advanced treatment of onsite wastewater in both residential and commercial applications. Today, Eljen is a global leader in providing innovative products and solutions for protecting our environment and public health.

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