Sharp EL-5230 Operation Manual
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Sharp EL-5230 Operation Manual

Programmable scientific calculator
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EL-5230
EL-5250
PROGRAMMABLE SCIENTIFIC
CALCULATOR
OPERATION MANUAL

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Summary of Contents for Sharp EL-5230

  • Page 1 ® EL-5230 EL-5250 PROGRAMMABLE SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR OPERATION MANUAL...
  • Page 3 SHARP EL-5230/5250 Programmable Scientific Calculator Introduction Chapter 1: Before You Get Started Chapter 2: General Information Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations Chapter 5: Equation Solvers Chapter 6: Complex Number Calculations Chapter 7: Programming Chapter 8: Application Examples...

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Selecting a mode ... 15 What you can do in each mode ... 15 A Quick Tour ... 16 Turning the calculator on and off ... 16 Entering and solving an expression ... 16 Editing an expression ... 17 Using variables ... 18 Using simulation calculations (ALGB) ...
  • Page 5 Using variables in an equation or a program ... 29 Using the last answer memory ... 30 Global variable M ... 30 Using memory in each mode ... 31 Resetting the calculator ... 32 Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations ...33 NORMAL mode ... 33 Arithmetic operations ... 33 Constant calculations ...
  • Page 6 Contents Solver Function ... 52 Entering and solving an equation ... 52 Changing the value of variables and editing an equation ... 52 Solving an equation ... 53 Important notes ... 54 Simulation Calculation (ALGB) ... 55 Entering an expression for simulation calculation ... 55 Changing a value of variables and editing an expression ...
  • Page 7 Entering the PROG mode ... 75 Selecting the NORMAL program mode or the NBASE program mode ... 75 Programming concept ... 75 Keys and display ... 76 Creating a NEW Program ... 76 Creating a NEW program ... 76 Use of variables ... 77 Programming Commands ...
  • Page 8 Contents Appendix ...115 Battery Replacement ... 115 Batteries used ... 115 Notes on battery replacement ... 115 When to replace the batteries ... 115 Cautions ... 116 Replacement procedure ... 116 Automatic power off function ... 117 The OPTION menu ... 118 The OPTION display ...

  • Page 9: Introduction

    Introduction Thank you for purchasing the SHARP Programmable Scientific Calculator Model EL-5230/5250. After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference. • Unless the model is specified, all text and other material appearing in this manual applies to both models (EL-5230 and EL-5250).

  • Page 10: Operational Notes

    • SHARP will not be liable nor responsible for any incidental or consequential economic or property damage caused by misuse and/ or malfunctions of this product and its peripherals, unless such liability is acknowledged by law.

  • Page 11: Key Notation In This Manual

    Key Notation in This Manual In this manual, key operations are described as follows: To specify e To specify In : i To specify F : ; F ... To specify d/c : @ F ... To specify a To specify H : ; H ... To specify i Functions that are printed in orange above the key require @ to be pressed first before the key.

  • Page 13: Chapter 1: Before You Get Started

    Chapter 1 Before You Get Started Preparing to Use the Calculator Before using your calculator for the first time, you must reset it and adjust its contrast. Resetting the calculator Press the RESET switch located on the back of the calculator with the tip of a ball- point pen or similar object.

  • Page 14: The Hard Case

    Your calculator comes with a hard case to protect the keyboard and display when the calculator is not in use. Before using the calculator, remove the hard case and slide it onto the back as shown to avoid losing it.

  • Page 15: Calculator Layout And Display Symbols

    Calculator layout 3 Key operation keys 1 Display screen: The calculator display consists of 14 × 3 line dot matrix display (5 × 7 dots per character) and a 2-digit exponent display per each line. 2 Power ON/OFF and Clear key: Turns calculator ON. To turn off the calculator, press @, then o.
  • Page 16 Chapter 1: Before You Get Started Display Dot matrix display • During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time. • Only the symbols required for the usage under instruction are shown in the display and calculation examples of this manual. : Indicates some contents are hidden in the directions shown.

  • Page 17: Operating Modes

    Operating Modes This calculator has five operating modes to perform various operations. These modes are selected from the MODE key. Selecting a mode Press b. The menu display appears. Press d to display the next menu page. Press 0 to select the NORMAL mode.

  • Page 18: A Quick Tour

    Chapter 1: Before You Get Started A Quick Tour This section takes you on a quick tour covering the calculator’s simple arithmetic operations and also principal features like the solver function. Turning the calculator on and off Press j at the top right of the keypad to turn the calculator on.

  • Page 19: Editing An Expression

    Editing an expression After obtaining an answer, you can go back to an expression and modify it using the cursor keys just as you can before the e is pressed. Example Return to the last expression and change it to ÷...

  • Page 20: Using Variables

    Chapter 1: Before You Get Started Using variables You can use 27 variables (A-Z and θ) in the NORMAL mode. A number stored as a variable can be recalled either by entering the variable name or using t. Example 1 Store 2 to variable R.

  • Page 21: Using Simulation Calculations (Algb)

    Press 10 e to input the height and go on the next variable. • The calculator is now asking you to input a number for the next variable. Chapter 1: Before You Get Started πRŒ=...
  • Page 22 Chapter 1: Before You Get Started • Note that, as the variable R already has a number stored in memory, the calculator recalls that number. • indicates that there is another variable earlier in the expression. Press 8 to input the radius.

  • Page 23: Using The Solver Function

    Using the solver function You can solve any unknown variable in an equation by assigning known values to the rest of the variables. Let us compare the differences between the solver function and the simulation calculations using the same expres- sion as in the last example.

  • Page 24: Other Features

    Newton's method, which is used to determine the accuracy of the solution. Other features Your calculator has a range of features that can be used to perform many calculations other than those we went through in the quick tour. Some of the important features are described below.

  • Page 25: Chapter 2: General Information

    STAT variables), press 1 y. • To clear statistical data and STAT variables, press 2 y. • To RESET the calculator, press 3 y. The RESET operation will erase all data stored in memory and restore the calculator’s default setting.

  • Page 26: Editing And Correcting An Equation

    Chapter 2: General Information Editing and Correcting an Equation Cursor keys Incorrect keystrokes can be changed by using the cursor keys (l r u d). Example Enter 123456 then correct it to 123459. Press j 123456. Press y 9 e. •...

  • Page 27: Delete Key

    Delete key • To delete a number/function, move the cursor to the number/function you wish to delete, then press y. If the cursor is located at the right end of an equation, the y key will function as a backspace key. Multi-entry recall function Previous equations can be recalled in the NORMAL, STAT or CPLX mode.

  • Page 28: The Set Up Menu

    Setting the floating point numbers system in scientific notation The calculator has two settings for displaying a floating point number: NORM1 (default setting) and NORM2. In each display setting, a number is automatically displayed in scientific notation outside a preset range: •...

  • Page 29: Using Memories

    [Floating point (NORM1)] →[Floating point (NORM2)] →[Floating point (NORM1)] Using Memories The calculator uses global variable memories (A–Z and θ), local variable memories (maximum of nine variables per equation), and a last answer memory used when solving equations. Using alphabetic characters...

  • Page 30: Using Local Variables

    Press @ v. • The VAR menu appears. • If no local variables are stored yet, ALPHA appears automatically and the calculator is ready to enter a name. Press A1 e. ¬ • shows that you have finished assigning the name A •...

  • Page 31: Using Variables In An Equation Or A Program

    • You do not need to enter an alphabetic character. Just specify the named local variable using a number from 0 to 8, or move the arrow to the appropriate variable the press e. Press @ v 0 e. • The value of VAR 0 will be recalled. •...

  • Page 32: Using The Last Answer Memory

    Chapter 2: General Information Using the last answer memory The calculator always keeps the most recent answer in ANS memory and replaces it with the new answer every time you press an ending instruction (e, x etc.). You may recall the last answer and use it in the next equation.

  • Page 33: Using Memory In Each Mode

    Using memory in each mode Mode NORMAL STAT PROG CPLX : Available : Unavailable Notes: • Calculation results from the functions indicated below are automati- cally stored in memories replacing any existing values. • →r θ, →xy... R memory (r) •...

  • Page 34: Resetting The Calculator

    (including j) will function, press the RESET switch located on the back of the calculator. In rare cases, all the keys may cease to function if the calculator is subjected to strong electrical noise or heavy shock during use. Follow the instructions below to reset the calculator.

  • Page 35: Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations

    Chapter 3 Scientific Calculations NORMAL mode NORMAL mode is used for standard scientific calculations, and has the widest variety of functions. Many of the functions described in this chapter are also available for use in other modes. Press b 0 to select the NORMAL mode. •...

  • Page 36: Constant Calculations

    Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Constant calculations Example 34+57= 45+57= 68 25= 68 40= • In constant calculations, the addend becomes a constant. Subtraction and division behave the same way. For multiplication, the multiplicand becomes a constant. • In constant calculations, constants will be displayed as ∆. Functions Example j v 60 e...
  • Page 37 Example (cosh 1.5 + sinh 1.5) –1 tanh — = ln 20 = log 50 = — + — = –2 – 3 — 81 = 49 – 27 = 4! = 500 25%= 120 400=?% 500+(500 25%)= 400–(400 30%)= Key operations j ( H $ 1.5 + H v 1.5 ) A e...

  • Page 38: Math Menu Functions

    Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Math menu Functions Other functions are available on this calculator besides the first and second functions on the key pad. These functions are accessed using the math function menu. The math menu has different contents for each mode.
  • Page 39 Function 5: SOLVE Enter the Solver function mode. (See page 52.) 6: Ωsec Sexagesimal numbers are converted to seconds notation. (See page 46.) 7: Ωmin Sexagesimal numbers are converted to minutes notation. (See page 46.) Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Key operations 24 [ I 24∂Ωsec 0 [ 0 [...

  • Page 40: Differential/Integral Functions

    Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Differential/Integral Functions Differential and integral calculations can only be performed in the NORMAL mode. It is possible to reuse the same equation over and over again and to recalculate by only changing the values without having to re-enter the equation.

  • Page 41: Integral Function

    • To exit the differential function, press j. • After getting the answer, press e to return to the display for inputting the x value and the minute interval, and press @ h to recalculate at any point. Example j ; X* m 4 - 0.5 d/dx (x –0.5x ;...

  • Page 42: When Performing Integral Calculations

    Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Example ∫ –5)dx n = 100 ∫ dx = ? n = 10 ∫ dx = ? When performing integral calculations Integral calculations require a long calculation time, depending on the integrands and subintervals input. During calculation, ‘calculating!’ will be displayed.

  • Page 43: Random Function

    @ w 0 e. To generate further random numbers in succession, press e. Press j to exit. • The calculator can regenerate the same random number. (See page 36.) Random dice To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be gener- ated by pressing @ w 1 e.

  • Page 44: Angular Unit Conversions

    Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Angular Unit Conversions The angular unit is changed in sequence each time @ ] ( . key) is pressed. Example [rad] –1 0.8 = [ ] [rad] Chain Calculations The previous calculation result can be used in a subsequent calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple instructions.

  • Page 45: Fraction Calculations

    Fraction Calculations Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using fractions, and conversions between decimal numbers and fractions. • If the number of digits to be displayed is greater than 10, the number is converted to and displayed as a decimal number. Example 3—...

  • Page 46: Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal And Hexadecimal Operations (N-Base)

    Conversion is performed on the displayed value when these keys are pressed. Note: Hexadecimal numbers A – F are entered into the calculator by pressing ,, m, A, 1, l, and i key respectively. In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional parts cannot be entered.
  • Page 47 Example DEC(25) BIN HEX(1AC) BIN(1010–100) 11 = BIN(111) NEG HEX(1FF)+ OCT(512)= HEX(?) 2FEC– 2C9E=(A) +)2000– 1901=(B) 1011 AND 101 = (BIN) 5A OR C3 = (HEX) NOT 10110 = (BIN) 24 XOR 4 = (OCT) B3 XNOR 2D = (HEX) Key operations j @ / 25 @ z @ a 1AC...

  • Page 48: Time, Decimal And Sexagesimal Calculations

    Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal Calculations Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be performed, and, while using sexagesimal numbers, also conversion to seconds and minutes notation. The four basic arithmetic operations and memory calcula- tions can be performed using the sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows: degree Example...

  • Page 49: Coordinate Conversions

    Coordinate Conversions Conversions can be performed between rectangular and polar coordinates. P (x, y ) Rectangular coordinate • Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit. • The calculation result is automatically stored in memories. • Value of r: R memory •...

  • Page 50: Calculations Using Physical Constants

    Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Calculations Using Physical Constants Recall a constant by pressing @ c followed by the number of the physical constant designated by a 2-digit number. The recalled constant appears in the display mode selected with the designated number of decimal places. Physical constants can be recalled in the NORMAL mode (when not set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), STAT mode, PROG mode and EQN mode.
  • Page 51 Constant Muon magnetic moment Compton wavelength Proton Compton wavelength Stefan-Boltzmann constant Avogadro constant Molar volume of ideal gas (273.15 K, 101.325 kPa) Molar gas constant Faraday constant Von Klitzing constant Electron charge to mass quotient Quantum of circulation Proton gyromagnetic ratio Josephson constant Electron volt Celsius Temperature...

  • Page 52: Calculations Using Engineering Prefixes

    Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Calculations Using Engineering Prefixes Calculation can be executed in the NORMAL mode (excluding N-base), STAT mode and PROG mode using the following 12 types of prefixes. Prefix (Exa) (Peta) (Tera) (Giga) (Mega) (kilo) (milli) µ (micro) (nano) (pico) (femto)

  • Page 53: Modify Function

    Modify Function Calculation results are internally obtained in scientific notation with up to 14 digits for the mantissa. However, since calculation results are displayed in the form designated by the display notation and the number of decimal places indicated, the internal calculation result may differ from that shown in the display.

  • Page 54: Solver Function

    Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Solver Function This function enables you to find any variable in an equation. Entering and solving an equation The solver function is used as follows. Press b 0 to enter the NORMAL mode. Enter both sides of an equation, using ‘=’ and variable names. Press I 5.

  • Page 55: Solving An Equation

    • indicates that there are more variables. • If a variable already has a value, the calculator displays that value automatically. Press 10 e. • Enters a value for known variable A. • The cursor moves onto the next variable.

  • Page 56: Important Notes

    (See page 123.) • The calculator stops calculating when the values it has obtained for the left and right sides of the equation become very close. Thus in certain cases the solution it gives may not be the real answer.

  • Page 57: Simulation Calculation (Algb)

    Simulation Calculation (ALGB) This function enables you to find different solutions quickly using different sets of values in the same expression. Entering an expression for simulation calculation The simulation calculation is used as follows. Press b 0 to enter the NORMAL mode. Enter an expression with at least one variable.

  • Page 58: Simulate An Equation For Different Values

    • If a variable already has a value, the calculator displays that value automati- cally. • indicates that there are more variables. Press 90 e. • The calculator picks out the next variable. Press 3 e 5. • indicates that this is the last variable. 7. Press e.
  • Page 59 Press e and then 45 e. • After getting the answer, press e to return to the display for entering variables. Press @ h. • Sides b and c are both the same length in triangle 2 as in triangle 1, so you do not have to re-enter these values.

  • Page 60: Filing Equations

    Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Filing Equations When the calculator is in the NORMAL mode (excluding N-base), you can save equations in the EQUATION FILE. Saved equations can be loaded or deleted in the NORMAL mode. Press f in the NORMAL mode to call the EQUATION FILE menu.

  • Page 61: Loading And Deleting An Equation

    Loading and deleting an equation The procedures to retrieve (load) and delete an equation from memory are the same, except that you have to confirm that you wish to delete the equation. Retrieve or delete an equation as follows. Press f and then 0 or 2 to retrieve (load) or delete.

  • Page 63: Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations

    Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations The STAT mode is used to perform statistical calculations. Press b 1 to select the statistics mode. The seven statistical calculations listed below can be performed. After selecting the statistics mode, select the desired sub-mode by pressing the number key that corresponds to your choice.

  • Page 64: Single-Variable Statistical Calculation

    Statistics of 1 and 2 (except coefficients c). In addition, estimate of y for a given x (estimate y´) and estimate of x for a given y (estimate x´). (Since the calculator converts each formula into a linear regression formula before actual calculation takes place, it obtains all statistics, except coefficients a and b, from converted data rather than entered data.)

  • Page 65: Quadratic Regression Calculation

    Quadratic regression calculation Statistics of 1 and 2 and coefficients a, b, c in the quadratic regression formula (y = a + bx + cx tion coefficient (r) can be obtained.) Data Entry and Correction All data entered is kept in memory until STAT memory clear (@ P 2 y) is operated or a new STAT sub-mode is selected.
  • Page 66 Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations Correction after pressing _: Use u d to display the data set previously entered. Press d to display the data set in ascending (oldest first) order. To reverse the display order to descending (latest first), press the u key.

  • Page 67: Statistical Calculation Formulas

    Statistical Calculation Formulas Type Linear y = a + bx Exponential y = a • e Logarithmic y = a + b • ln x Power y = a • x Inverse y = a + b — Quadratic y = a + bx + cx In the statistical calculation formulas, an error will occur if: •...

  • Page 68: Normal Probability Calculations

    Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations Normal Probability Calculations • P( t ), Q( t ), and R( t ) will always take positive values, even when t <0, because these functions follow the same principle used when solving for an area. •...

  • Page 69: Statistical Calculations Examples

    Statistical Calculations Examples Example @ P 2 y b 1 0 DATA 95 _ 80 _ 75 , 3 _ 50 _ – x = I 0 1 e x σ I 0 3 e I 0 0 e Σ I 0 4 e Σ...
  • Page 70 Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations Example @ P 2 y DATA b 1 1 2 , 5 _ 12 , 24 _ 21 , 40 , 3 _ 15 , 25 _ I 2 0 e I 2 1 e I 2 3 e I 0 2 e I 0 7 e 3 I 2 5...

  • Page 71: Chapter 5: Equation Solvers

    Chapter 5 Equation Solvers Simultaneous Linear Equations Simultaneous linear equations with two unknowns (2-VLE) or with three unknowns (3-VLE) may be solved using this function. 1 2-VLE: b 3 0 x + b y = c x + b y = c 2 3-VLE: b 3 1 x + b y + c...
  • Page 72 Chapter 5: Equation Solvers After inputting the last coefficient, press e to solve the 2-VLE. • After solving, press e or j to return to the coefficient entering display. You can use @ h to solve the 2- VLE, regardless of the cursor position. Example 2 x+y-z = 9 6x+6y-z = 17...

  • Page 73: Quadratic And Cubic Equation Solvers

    Quadratic and Cubic Equation Solvers Quadratic (ax + bx + c = 0) or cubic (ax solved using these functions. 1 Quadratic equation solver (QUAD): b 3 2 2 Cubic equation solver (CUBIC): b 3 3 • If there are more than 2 results, the next solution can be displayed. •...
  • Page 74 Chapter 5: Equation Solvers Example 2 + 4x +3x + 7 = 0 → x = ? Press b 3 3 to select CUBIC of the EQN mode. Enter the value of each coefficient (a, etc.) 5 e 4 e 3 e 7 •...

  • Page 75: Chapter 6: Complex Number Calculations

    Chapter 6 Complex Number Calculations The CPLX mode is used to carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of complex numbers. Press b 4 to select the CPLX mode. Results of complex number calculations are expressed in two modes: 1 @ E: Rectangular coordinates mode (xy appears.) 2 @ u: Polar coordinates mode (r θ...
  • Page 76 Chapter 6: Complex Number Calculations Example (12–6i) + (7+15i) – (11+4i) = 6×(7–9i) × (–5+8i) = 16×(sin30°+ icos30°)÷(sin60°+ icos60°)= r1 = 8, θ1 = 70° r2 = 12, θ2 = 25° ↓ r = ?, θ = ?° (1 + i) ↓...

  • Page 77: Chapter 7: Programming

    It is not within the scope of this manual to describe how to write programs for the calculator in detail. Previous programming experience is required to read this section. The programming language for this calculator is similar to those in general use today.

  • Page 78: Keys And Display

    • You are now ready to write a program. • Each program line is saved after you press u, d or e. • You can use the calculator’s regular functions as commands. You can also use the additional programming commands in the i menu. MODE ƒNORMAL ⁄NBASE...

  • Page 79: Use Of Variables

    Global and local variables are treated differently in the PROG mode. • The letters A – Z and θ, used on their own, represent global variables. Global variables correspond to the memories of the calculator (e.g., ‘C’ in a program means memory C of the calculator). Global variables allow your programs to use values stored in memories, or to pass variables from one program to another.
  • Page 80 Chapter 7: Programming Entering the program Program code Print“B≥=BASE Print“H≥=HEIGHT A=1ı2B≥H≥ Print“AREA Print A • To enter more than one alphabetic character, press @ a to apply the alphabet-lock mode. Press ; to escape from this mode. Running the program Procedure Return to the initial display for the PROG mode.

  • Page 81: Programming Commands

    The BUSY indicator stays on while the program is waiting. Chapter 7: Programming <COMMAND-1> ƒPrint ⁄Print" ¤Input ‹Wait Examples Print A Print B≥ Print” SHARP Input A Input B≥ Wait 5 Wait FF (hexadecimal mode) Wait 1010 (binary mode)
  • Page 82 Chapter 7: Programming Command operations <text> Description Indicates the line is a remark and not a command, thus allowing you to insert comments in the program. Any line beginning with Rem is ignored when running a program. Excessive use of this command will use up a considerable amount of memory.

  • Page 83: Flow Control

    Flow control Command operations Label <label name> Clrt <condition> Goto <label name> Goto <label name> Gosub <label name> Return Description Indicates a destination point for the flow statements Goto and Gosub. Up to seven letters can be used for the label name. Each label name must be unique.

  • Page 84: Equalities And Inequalities

    Chapter 7: Programming Equalities and inequalities These expressions are used to form the conditional statement in the If clause. They are the basis for looping and other flow control operation in programs. The ‘=’ (equals) sign is also used as a function to form a substitution command for variables.

  • Page 85: Statistical Commands

    NORMAL program mode is selected. If the NBASE program mode is selected, the statistical command menu cannot be called. • When you use the STATx or STATxy commands, the calculator erases all data previously stored in the STAT function. Command...

  • Page 86: Editing A Program

    Chapter 7: Programming Editing a Program Press b 2 to enter the PROG mode and then press 2 to select the EDIT mode. Select the program you wish to edit and press e. • If you want to add text into your program, press @ O. •...

  • Page 87: Error Messages

    Chapter 7: Programming Error Messages The calculator displays an error message if a program encounters a problem. The error message indicates the nature of the problem while the calculator can display the line where the problem has occurred. After entering a program, it is often necessary to debug it. To make this task easier, the calculator displays an error message if it encounters a problem while running your program.

  • Page 88: Deleting Programs

    Chapter 7: Programming Deleting Programs You can create as many programs as you want within the limitations of the calculator’s memory. To free up space for new programs, you must delete old ones. Press b 2 to enter the PROG mode.

  • Page 89: Chapter 8: Application Examples

    Chapter 8 Application Examples Programming Examples The following examples demonstrate the basic use of programming commands including print, input and flow controls. Use the examples for your programming reference. Some like it hot (Celsius-Fahrenheit conversion) This is a program to convert temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit and vice versa.
  • Page 90 Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code If T=1 Goto CTOF If T=2 Goto FTOC Goto START Label CTOF F=(9©5)C≠+32 * The program automatically prompts you to enter a value for the local variable C Print F Label FTOC C=(5©9)˚(F≠-32) * The program automatically prompts you to enter a value for the local variable F Print C...

  • Page 91: The Heron Formula

    The Heron Formula Obtaining the area S of triangle with side lengths of A, B and C using the Heron Formula which is true for any plane triangle. Press b 2 1 0 to open a window for creating a NEW program. Type HERON for the program title then press e.
  • Page 92 Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code S=‰(T(T-A)(T-B)(T-C)) Print S Label ERROR Print”NO TRIANGLE Wait 1 Print”REENTER Goto START Example Obtain the area of the triangle with the side lengths of 20 cm (A), 35 cm (B) and 40 cm (C). Press j to return to the PROG mode menu.

  • Page 93: Or Not 2B (N-Base Conversion)

    2B or not 2B (N-base conversion) The conversion functions and logical operations can be used in the NBASE program mode. The following is a simple program that converts a decimal number to binary, pental, octal and hexadecimal formats. Press b 2 1 1 to open a window for creating a NEW program in the NBASE program mode.
  • Page 94 Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Y¬OCT Print”OCTAL Print Y Wait Y¬HEX Print”HEXADECIMAL Print Y Running the program Press j to return to the PROG mode menu. Press 0, select the program ‘NBASE’ and press e. • The program prompts you to enter a decimal number and then displays it in binary format.

  • Page 95: T Test

    T test The T-test value is obtained by comparing the mean values of sample data and expected average from sample data. Using the t- distribution table, the reliability of a mean value can be evaluated. – x – m t = ——— ——...
  • Page 96 Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code STATx Data 102 Data 95 Data 107 Data 93 Data 110 Data 98 Print”MEAN Input M T=(˛-M)©‰(sxŒ©˜) Print T Running the program Press j to return to the PROG mode menu. Press 0, select the program ‘TTEST’ and press e. Enter the expected mean value ‘100’...

  • Page 97: A Circle That Passes Through 3 Points

    A circle that passes through 3 points When three different points, P (X obtain the center coordinates O (X, Y) and the radius R of the circle that passes through these points. To satisfy the above conditions, the distances between P, Q, S and O should be equal.
  • Page 98 Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code H=X√Œ+Y√Œ-X…Œ-Y…Œ I=X≥-X√ J=X√-X… K=Y≥-Y√ M=Y√-Y… X=(GM-HK)©2(IM-JK) * Perform equation 1. Print X Wait Y=(GJ-HI)©2(KJ-MI) * Perform equation 2. Print Y Wait R=‰((X-X≥)Œ+(Y-Y≥)Œ) * Perform equation 3. Print R Example Obtain the center coordinates (X, Y) and radius R of the circle that passes through points P(1, 9), Q (7, 1) and S (0, 2).

  • Page 99: Radioactive Decay

    Radioactive decay Carbon-14 ( C) is a naturally occurring radioactive isotope of carbon used in the carbon dating process. Because carbon-14 decays at a steady rate, it is possible to determine the age of a once living specimen by measuring the residual amount of C it contains.
  • Page 100 Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code T=-(ln(M≥©M≠))© 1.2118œ-4 Print T Print”YEARS • The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the time required for half of its mass to decay. Running the program Press j to return to the PROG mode menu. Press 0, select the program ‘DECAY’...

  • Page 101: Delta-Y Impedance Circuit Transformation

    Delta-Y impedance circuit transformation Transformation of a Y impedance circuit to an equivalent Delta impedance circuit and vice versa. The Delta-Y transformation is defined by the following formula: = — = — = — where R = R Press b 2 1 0 to open a window for creating a NEW program.
  • Page 102 Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Z=Z≥+Z√+Z… R≥=Z≥Z√©Z Print R≥ Wait R√=Z√Z…©Z Print R√ Wait R…=Z…Z≥©Z Print R… Label YTOD R=R≥R√+R√R…+R…R≥ Z≥=R©R√ Print Z≥ Key operations ; Z ; = @ v Z1 e e + @ v d Z2 e e + @ v d d Z3 e e e @ v d d d R1 e...
  • Page 103 Program code Wait Z√=R©R… Print Z√ Wait Z…=R©R≥ Print Z… Example When the impedances Z 140 respectively, obtain the impedances R Press j to return to the PROG mode menu. Press 0, select the program ‘DELTAY’ and press e. The direction of transformation will be asked.

  • Page 104: Obtaining Tensions Of Strings

    Chapter 8: Application Examples Obtaining tensions of strings Suppose a bar is hung from the ceiling by two strings such that it balances with angles the strings make from the perpendicular lines A and B. If the weight of the bar is W, obtain the tensions in the strings S and T. ——...
  • Page 105 Program code E=sin(C+D) S=W ˚ sin C©E T=W ˚ sin D©E Print”TENSIONS Print S Wait Print T Example Calculate the tension in the strings S and T when the weight of the bar is 40 kg, angle A: 30° 15' 20" and angle B: 27° 45' 40". Press j @ J 0 0 to set the angular unit to DEG, then @ J 1 0 3 to set display to fixed mode with the decimal point of 3 .

  • Page 106: Purchasing With Payment In N-Month Installments

    Chapter 8: Application Examples Purchasing with payment in n-month installments If you wish to buy goods with the price of P by n-month installments, this program determines the payment per month. S = (P – D) ————— –n 1 – (1 + i) where S: payment due every month P: price of the product i: installment payment interest rate (%)
  • Page 107 Program code Print S Example If you wish to buy furniture costing $3,000 with $500 as a down payment and pay the remainder in 11 month’s installments with a monthly interest rate of 1%, how much is the monthly payment? Press j to return to the PROG mode menu.

  • Page 108: Digital Dice

    Chapter 8: Application Examples Digital dice This program simulates rolling of multiple dice. You can play a dice game without dice or where there is not enough space to roll dice. At the first stage, ask the number of dice to use for play. Secondly, roll dice and display the result and wait until any key is pressed.

  • Page 109: How Many Digits Can You Remember

    How many digits can you remember? The calculator displays randomly created numbers with the number of digits (up to 9) you specified for the number of seconds you entered and asks you to enter the number you remembered. After 10 tries the score is displayed.
  • Page 110 Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code If S<100 Goto AGAIN S=S˚10^(-3) If N>6 Goto SIX If N>3 Goto THREE Q=ipart(Sx10^N) Goto DISPLAY Label SIX Q=ipart(S˚10^(N-6))˚10^6 +random˚10^6+random˚10^3 Goto DISPLAY Label THREE Q=ipart(S˚10^(N-3))˚10^3 +random˚10^3 Label DISPLAY Clrt Print Q Key operations i 8 ; S i D 100 ;...
  • Page 111 Program code Wait T Clrt Print”ANSWER Input X * If answer is correct, add (30 x number of digits / number of seconds) to score. If X Q Goto WRONG A=A+int(10˚N©T˚3) Label WRONG M=M+1 If M<=10 Goto QUESTION Print”YOUR SCORE IS Print A Running the program Press j to return to the PROG mode menu.

  • Page 112: Calculation Examples

    Chapter 8: Application Examples Calculation Examples Geosynchronous orbits The orbit of a satellite about the Earth is geosynchronous if the period of the orbit matches the period of the Earth’s rotation. At what distance from the center of the Earth can geosynchronous orbit occur? The period of an orbit is described by the equation 4π...

  • Page 113: Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star (Apparent Magnitude Of Stars)

    Press @ c 02 e 5.976 ` 24 • Use the physical constants function for the G value. • After completion of entering values for variables G and M, the cursor moves on to variable R. (The variable T has already its value.) Press @ h.
  • Page 114 Chapter 8: Application Examples Example 1 What is the ratio of the sun’s luminosity to that of a star having an absolute magnitude of 2.89? (The sun’s absolute magnitude is 4.8.) The former equation is equivalent to 0.4 (M – M ——...

  • Page 115: Memory Calculations

    Memory calculations When you want to use the calculator for tasks such as adding up total sales, you can perform this type of operation using single-variable statistics. Example In one week, an electrical store sold the items listed below at the prices and in the quantities shown.

  • Page 116: The State Lottery

    Chapter 8: Application Examples The state lottery Example The state you live in has two different numbers lotteries. In the first, you must pick 6 numbers between 1 and 50 in any order. In the second, you have to pick 5 numbers between 1 and 35, but you must pick them in the correct order.

  • Page 117: Appendix

    • Do not mix new and old batteries. • Make sure the new batteries are the correct type. • When installing, orient each battery correctly as indicated in the calculator. • Batteries are factory-installed before shipment, so may become exhausted before reaching the service life stated in the specifications.

  • Page 118: Cautions

    • Do not fit partially used batteries, and be sure not to mix batteries of different types. • Keep batteries out of the reach of the children. • Exhausted batteries left in the calculator may leak and damage the calculator. • Explosion risk may be caused by incorrect handling.

  • Page 119: Automatic Power Off Function

    • Do not press y. If y is pressed, the memory contents will be cleared. 10. Adjust the LCD contrast. (See page 118.) Automatic power off function The calculator will turn itself off to save battery power if no key is pressed for approximately 10 minutes. Appendix zALL DATA CL?z z YES¬[DEL] z...

  • Page 120: The Option Menu

    - to lighten it. • It is possible to lighten the display so much that the calculator appears to be off. If the display remains blank when you press X, press @ o 0 and then press + repeatedly to darken the display.

  • Page 121: Deleting Equation Files And Programs

    86.) If an Abnormal Condition Occurs Should an abnormal condition occur, such as none of the keys (including j) functioning, press the RESET switch located on the back of the calculator. Refer to page 32. Appendix <<DELETE>> ƒEQTN ⁄PROG...

  • Page 122: Error Messages

    Appendix Error Messages The following table shows common error messages and suggestions for correcting the error. Error no. Error message SYNTAX CALCULATION NESTING LBL DUPLICATE LBL UNDEFINED LBL OVER GOSUB STACK CAN’T RETURN MEMORY OVER STORAGE FULL DATA OVER (No number) BREAK! Solution Verify you are using the correct syntax for...

  • Page 123: Using The Solver Function Effectively

    ‘Dead end’ approximations When @ h is pressed for the first time, the calculator takes the value that is stored in memory, or zero if no value is stored, to be the initial expected value for the unknown variable and tries to solve the equation.

  • Page 124: Calculation Accuracy

    Appendix Calculation accuracy • The calculator solves an equation by comparing the values of the left- hand and right-hand sides of the equation through 14-digit internal operations. If the value of the left-hand side is sufficiently close to agreeing with that of the right-hand side the calculator may present one of the ‘approximate’...

  • Page 125: Equations That Are Difficult To Solve

    If the initial expected value falls too close to a peak or trough, the calculator may iterate to a totally different cycle of the function and will not obtain an accurate solution.

  • Page 126: Technical Data

    Appendix Technical Data Calculation ranges • Within the ranges specified, the calculator is accurate to ±1 of the least significant digit of the mantissa. However, in continuous calculations the calculation error increases due to the accumulation of each successive calculation error. (This is the same for y performed internally.)
  • Page 127 Function 10 x sinh x, cosh x, tanh x –1 sinh cosh –1 –1 tanh √ –1 ↔DEG, D°M’S x, y → r, θ r, θ → x, y (A+Bi)+(C+Di (A+Bi)–(C+Di × (A+Bi) (C+Di) (A+Bi)÷(C+Di) Dynamic range < x ≤ 230.2585092 –10 –10 <...

  • Page 128: Memory Usage

    →HEX XNOR * n, r: integer Memory usage The amounts of memory the calculator uses for variables, programs and equations are shown below. Variables Each variable uses 1 byte, and each local variable uses 9 bytes to store its value.

  • Page 129: Priority Levels In Calculations

    Program title If A=0 Goto ABC A¡=A+1 Total consumption Filing Equation functions Each stored equation uses 30 bytes plus the number of characters or commands. Priority levels in calculations Operations are performed according to the following priority: Fractions (1ı4, etc.) ∠...

  • Page 130: Specifications

    New programming, running a program, and editing a program and deleting a program. LCD contrast, memory check and data deletion [EL-5250] 4,096 bytes (user area) [EL-5230] 1,280 bytes (user area) (DC): Lithium battery (CR 2032) × 2 After approximately 10 minutes 0.002 W 0°C –...

  • Page 131: For More Information About Scientific Calculators

    Dimensions: Weight: Accessories: * This value may vary according to the way the calculator is used and other factors. For More Information about Scientific Calculators Visit our Web site. http://sharp-world.com/calculator/ In Europe: This equipment complies with the requirements of Directive 89/336/EEC as amended by 93/ 68/EEC.
  • Page 132 SHARP CORPORATION 04LGK (TINSE0796EHZZ) PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE / IMPRESO EN CHINA...

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