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BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User Manual

Outdoor bridge for models using amp2440-250/500
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BreezeNET PRO.11 Series
Outdoor Bridge
User's Guide
(for models using AMP2440-250/500)
July, 1999
Cat. No. 213034
Revision
2

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Summary of Contents for BreezeNET PRO.11 Series

  • Page 1 BreezeNET PRO.11 Series Outdoor Bridge User’s Guide (for models using AMP2440-250/500) July, 1999 Cat. No. 213034 Revision...
  • Page 2 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form without the written permission of the copyright owner. Trade Names BreezeNET and BreezeLINK are trade names of BreezeCOM Ltd. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective companies.
  • Page 3 - BreezeCOM Ltd., for products located outside the USA. This BreezeNET product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year. During this warranty period the Company will, at its option, either repair or replace products that prove to be defective.
  • Page 4 Antenna Gain Gain Amp Peak Peak Power Type (dBi) Numeric output Power Exposure Distance (mW) (cm) 251.2 70.7 Uni 24 Uni 21 125.9 50.1 63.1 35.4 Uni 18 Uni 16 39.8 28.1 Uni 16 39.8 39.8 20.0 28.2 Uni 13 Omni 12 15.8 20.0...
  • Page 5 CONTACTING BREEZECOM TECHNICAL SUPPORT Should you need assistance beyond the scope of this guide, please contact your local BreezeCOM reseller or distributor. If they cannot solve your problem, feel free to contact the BreezeCOM Technical Support Depatrment. The support representatives can assist you in solving any problems that cannot be solved by your reseller.

  • Page 6: Table Of Contents

    Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series ........1-4 1.1. How to Use This Guide .................1-4 1.2. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series Features ............1-5 1.3.1. Access Point ................1-6 1.3.4. Workgroup Bridge ..............1-10 1.4. BreezeNET PRO.11 Functional Description ........1-11 2.
  • Page 7 Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 3.6.1. System Counters ..............3-18 3.6.2. Survey Software..............3-22 3.6.3. Event Log ................3-22 3.6.4. Display Neighboring AP’s............3-22 3.6.5. Using the Site Survey Software ..........3-23 3.6.6. Using the Rx Packets per Frequency Histogram ....... 3-26 3.7.
  • Page 8 Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8.2. Technical Specifications................9-3 8.2.1. Specifications for BreezeNET PRO.11 Units......9-3 8.2.5. Specifications for AL 1 Lightning Arrestor ........9-6 8.3. Wireless LAN Concepts ................9-7 8.4. Radio Signal Propagation ..............9-13 8.4.1. Introduction................9-13 8.4.2. RF Terms and Definitions ............9-13 8.5.
  • Page 9 Failure to do so may void the BreezeNET product warranty and may expose the end user to legal and financial liabilities."...
  • Page 10 Marketing and sales channels BreezeCOM DOES NOT sell direct to end users. BreezeNET PRO.11/AMP2440 System will be sold only to BreezeCOM's Authorized Resellers. Those authorized resellers are technically trained by BreezeCOM's Engineers periodically and must follow the rules set by BreezeCOM.

  • Page 13: Introduction To The Breezenet Pro.11 Series

    Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE BREEZENET PRO.11 SERIES This chapter explains how to use this guide, presents the members of the , describes the benefits of BreezeNET PRO.11 Series BreezeNET PRO.11 Wireless LANs, and lists the product specifications.

  • Page 14: Breezenet Pro.11 Series Features

    Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 1.2. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series Features Following is a partial list of the features in the BreezeNET PRO.11 Series • IEEE 802.11 Compliant – All units are fully BreezeNET PRO.11 Series compliant with the final IEEE 802.11 specification for wireless LANs, and thus support interoperability with other 802.11 compliant vendors.

  • Page 15: Access Point

    Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 1.2.1. Access Point The Access Point is fully compliant with the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard. Access Point is a wireless hub that provides access for BreezeNET wireless workstations into wired Ethernet LANs. It also contains a wireless...

  • Page 16: Workgroup Bridge

    Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series Balancing algorithm to divide the stations equally between the available co- located Access Points. Access Point contains an embedded SNMP agent enabling BreezeNET effective management by BreezeVIEW or any standard SNMP management station. Software upgrades can be downloaded by TFTP protocol via the wired LAN or wireless LAN.
  • Page 17 AMP2440-500 is used. These devices amplify the RF output and receive power to allow long range connections or connections with longer cable runs. The diagram below shows a typical installation of the BreezeNet and AMP2440. (See the addendum at the end of this manual for instructions on how to install the AMP2440).

  • Page 18: Breezenet Pro.11 Functional Description

    Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series The AMP2440 and the BreezeNET radio modem must be professionally installed. Table (1) shows the FCC approved configuration of the AMP2440, BreezeNET Radio and antenna configurations. WARNING: It is the responsibility of the installer to ensure that when used in the United States (or where FCC rules apply), only these configurations are used.
  • Page 19 Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 1.5.1. Quick Review of Ethernet Standard Ethernet LAN stations are wired to a common bus. When one of the stations sends a message, it assigns a destination address to the message and sends the message on the bus. All stations on the bus “hear” the message, but only the station with the proper address processes the message.
  • Page 20 Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 1.5.5. SA-40 Station Adapter The SA-40 station adapter has four connectors for up to four stations and works just like the SA-10. As each station connected to the SA-40 sends its first message, each address is registered in the AP-10. The AP-10 keeps only up to four addresses for each SA-40, so the SA-40 will not work properly if connected to more than four stations.

  • Page 21: Basic Installation

    Basic Installation 2. BASIC INSTALLATION is a plug-and-play solution, and the units BreezeNET PRO.11 Series begin to function when the following basic installation is complete. However, you can adapt the system to your particular needs using the local terminal (see Chapter 3).

  • Page 22: Position The Unit

    • The User’s Guide. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series • A monitor connector cable for connecting the units to a monitor in order to perform Local Terminal Management functions (see section 3.1). • Proprietary MIB disk for performing remote unit configuration and monitoring via SNMP (see section 8.1.1).

  • Page 23: Additional Considerations When Positioning The Access Point

    2.4. Connect the Unit to the Power Supply The unit operates on a power input of 5V DC, (1200mA , 1500mA peak) supplied by the power transformer included with the unit. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 24: Connect The Unit To The Ethernet Port

    • When connecting an AP-10 or WB-10 to a LAN, use a straight cable. • When connecting an AP-10 or WB-10 to a PC, use a crossed cable. • When connecting an AP-10 to a WB-10, use a crossed cable. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 25: Check Unit Functionality Using Led Indicators

    (usually enabling 1 Mbps traffic) from -81 to -77 dBm medium quality reception (usually enabling 2 Mbps traffic) from -77 to -65 dBm high quality reception (usually enabling 3 Mbps traffic) greater than -65 dBm BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 26: Access Point Leds

    At the other end of the Ethernet link, verify that the LINK indicator is ON. For APs the LINK indicator is located on the attached hub port, and for Station Adapters the LINK indicator is located on the NIC. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 27: Device Setup And Management

    PRO.11 Series is a plug-and-play solution and operates BreezeNET PRO.11 Series immediately after physical installation without any user intervention. However, you can adapt the system to your particular needs using the local terminal. In addition, all products in the series contain an SNMP agent and are configurable remotely via the network.

  • Page 28: Configuration Screens

    1.3.A Display Current Values 1.4 Bridging 1.4.1 LAN-WLAN Bridge Mode Reject Unknown (AP Only) 1.4.2 Intelligent Bridging Period 15 sec (AP Only) 1.4.3 IP Filtering Disabled 1.4.4 Tunneling Both 1.4.5 Broadcast Relaying Enabled 1.4.6 Unicast Relaying Enabled BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...
  • Page 29 3.1.1 Display Ethernet and WLAN Counters Counters 3.1.2 Display Rate Counters 3.1.3 Display Rx Packets per Frequency 3.1.4 Reset All Counters 3.1.5 Power Saving Counters 3.2 Survey 3.2.1 Operation Mode (Rx/Tx) Software 3.2.2 Start Statistics 3.2.3 Stop Statistics BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 30: Main Menu

    ** Option 1.3.7 Load Sharing has the default value Enabled for the AP-10 unit only. PRO.11 Series Unit Model (SA-10, SA-40, WB-10, AP-10) 3.3. Main Menu Software BreezeNET PRO.11 Series (SA-10) Version Version : 4.3.10 Date: 15 Feb 1999 23:49:56...

  • Page 31: System Configuration Menu

    Device Setup and Management 3.4. System Configuration Menu BreezeNET PRO.11 Series (SA-10) Version : 4.3.10 Date: 15 Feb 1999 23:49:56 System Configuration menu ========================= 1 - Station Status 2 - IP and SNMP Parameters 3 - Wireless LAN Parameters 4 – Bridging 5 - Station Control 6 –...

  • Page 32: Ip And Snmp Parameters

    3.4.2. IP and SNMP Parameters All BreezeNET PRO.11 units contain IP Host software. This software is used for testing the unit for SNMP management functions and for downloading software upgrades using the TFTP protocol. • IP Address – IP address of the unit.

  • Page 33: Wireless Lan (Wlan) Parameters

    Hopping Sequence screen (see previous parameter). Always use the same hopping set per site. Following is the list of hopping sequences and sets for each country. The default value for all countries is: Hopping Sequence=1, Hopping Set=1. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...
  • Page 34 • High – For stations that may move at speeds of over 30 km per hour. • Medium – For stations that may move at speeds of over 10 km per hour, but not over 30 km per hour. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 35: Bridging

    AP to forward packets destined for the stations behind the WB-10. Even though, they are known or were learned from the wired side (except that no learning of the wired LAN will take place). Afterwards, the AP will switch back to Reject Unknown bridging mode. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 36: Station Control

    Disabling Broadcast or Unicast relaying will cause such applications to become unavailable. 3.4.5. Station Control The Station Control Menu contains the following options: • Reset Unit – Resets the BreezeNET PRO.11 unit and applies any changes made to the system parameters. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 3-10 User’s Guide...

  • Page 37: Security

    AP which key it used to encrypt the challenge text. The station will do this by passing the number of the current default key it uses. The AP and BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 3-11 User’s Guide...

  • Page 38: Advanced Settings Menu

    Entering zeros (0000000000) which is the default for this parameter will cause the unit to work in open system authentication. 3.5. Advanced Settings Menu BreezeNET PRO.11 Series (SA-10) Version : 4.3.10 Date:...

  • Page 39: Translation Mode (Read-Only)

    ACK (acknowledgement) packet. The station that initiated the first transmission will try to re-transmit the packet. The number of times the BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 3-13 User’s Guide...
  • Page 40 POLL (Power Save Poll) to the AP. In response to this, the AP will forward a data frame buffered for that station. Aging: If a data frame is buffered in the AP more than 50 seconds, it BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 3-14 User’s Guide...

  • Page 41: Radio

    LONGER THAN 20 KM. This parameter increases the ACK timeout in the units, and therefore allows a more efficient operation. When a BreezeNET unit transmits a certain packet, it waits for a pre defined time interval (ACK Timeout) for an ACK packet to be received.

  • Page 42: Rate

    Auto Calibration is not supported in the “DE” models, and it therefore must be disabled for “DE” units. • Wait for Association Address (SA only) – For the SA-10, the Association address is the MAC address of the NIC (Network interface BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 3-16 User’s Guide...

  • Page 43: Site Survey Menu

    Association Address update over the Ethernet. You can also have the device use its own MAC address (Use Mine) for testing purposes, in which case there will not be a proper network connection. 3.6. Site Survey Menu BreezeNET PRO.11 Series (SA-10) Version : 4.3.10 Date:...

  • Page 44: System Counters

    Device Setup and Management 3.6.1. System Counters BreezeNET PRO.11 Series (AP-10) Version : 4.3.10 Date: 15 Feb 1999 23:49:56 System Counters menu ==================== 1 - Display Ethernet and WLAN Counters 2 - Display Rate Counters 3 - Display Rx packets per frequency...
  • Page 45 (without retransmissions), and the number of control and management frames. Notice that an AP continuously transmits a control frame called beacon in every frequency to which it hops, in order to publish its BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 3-19 User’s Guide...
  • Page 46 • Power Saving Aged – The AP buffers frames for stations in a power saving sleep mode. This counter counts the number of frames dropped by the AP because a station did not wake up for a long time. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 3-20 User’s Guide...
  • Page 47 1 for confirmation or 0 to cancel the reset. • Power Saving Counters – Displays the power saving per station, the number of transmitted frames and the number of discarded frames. This applies only to AP’s. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 3-21 User’s Guide...

  • Page 48: Survey Software

    AP, that are considered “good or bad”. A frame is considered good or bad; if it was received in an RSSI level higher or lower than the value set at the “Roaming Decision RSSI BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 3-22 User’s Guide...

  • Page 49: Using The Site Survey Software

    5. On the transmit side, a screen appears displaying a table with the number of packets and the frequency at which each packet was transmitted (refer to Figure 3.5). This list is updated continuously. Select option (3) to stop sending packets. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 3-23 User’s Guide...
  • Page 50 Device Setup and Management BreezeNET PRO.11 Series (AP-10) Version : 4.3.10 Date: 15 Feb 1999 23:49:56 # Tx Packets Channel Figure 3.5: Transmit Statistics 6. On the receive side of the link, the screen displays a table showing the packet number received, the antenna port that was selected for...
  • Page 51 Device Setup and Management BreezeNET PRO.11 Series (AP-10) Version : 4.3.10 Date: 15 Feb 1999 23:49:56 #Pack Ant RSSI1 RSSI2 Bit_Err Freq Rate Quality ########### ########### ########... ########### ########### ########### ########### ########### ########### ########### ########### ########### ########### ########### Figure 3.6: Receive Statistics 7.

  • Page 52: Using The Rx Packets Per Frequency Histogram

    3.6.6. Using the Rx Packets per Frequency Histogram Use the Display Rx Packets per Frequency option to see a histogram of the number of frames received on each channel. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series (AP-10) Version : 4.3.10 Date: 15 Feb 1999...

  • Page 53: Access Control Menu

    3.7. Access Control Menu Access Control functions enable the System Administrator or Installer to limit the access to the Local Terminal Maintenance setup and configuration menus. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series (AP-10) Version : 4.3.10 Date: 15 Feb 1999...
  • Page 54 • Show Current Access Right – This read-only screen presents the current access right configuration. Important: If you change the Installer password do not forget it, or you will be unable to change the unit's access rights. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 3-28 User’s Guide...

  • Page 55: Planning And Installing Wireless Lans

    LAN. Many wireless LANs contain several of these configurations at different points in system. The Single Cell configuration is the most basic, and the other configurations build upon it. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 56: Single Cell Configuration

    Ιn the United States, the Omni-8 antenna (which also has a 360° radiated pattern but has a wider range) can also be used. The Omni-8 antenna comes with 20ft. of low loss cable and a mast mount bracket for rooftop installations. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...
  • Page 57 When this diagram is in use, the transceiver will be used in conjunction with amp model AMP-2440-250/500 and the antennas listed in this manual. Figure 5.1: Connecting Remote Offices to Main Office Network BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...
  • Page 58 4.1.1.5 Setting Up a Single BreezeNET Cell ⇒ ⇒ To set up a single BreezeNET cell: 1. Install the Access Point (refer to section 2, Basic Installation). Be sure to position the Access Point as high as possible. Note: It is not necessary at this point to connect the Access Point to an Ethernet backbone, since Access Points continuously transmit signals (beacon frames) whether they are connected to an Ethernet backbone or not.
  • Page 59 Disclaimer: This diagram is for illustrative purposes only. It should not be confused with the transceiver operating in a standalone mode. When this diagram is in use, the transceiver will be used in conjunction with amp model AMP-2440-250/500 and the antennas listed in this manual. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 60: Overlapping Cell Configuration

    Seamless Roaming. Figure 5.4: Three Overlapping Cells ⇒ ⇒ To set up overlapping BreezeNET cells: 1. Install an Access Point (refer to section 2, Basic Installation). Be sure to position the Access Point as high as possible. 2. Install the second Access Point so that the two are positioned closer together than the prescribed distance (refer to section Error! Reference source not found.).
  • Page 61 Note: It is not necessary at this point to connect the Access Points to an Ethernet backbone, since Access Points continuously transmit signals (beacon frames) whether they are connected to an Ethernet backbone or not. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 62: Multicell Configuration

    Any workstation in the overlapping area can associate and communicate with any Access Point covering that area. ⇒ ⇒ To set up a BreezeNET multicell: 1. Calculate the number of Access Points needed as follows: Multiply the number of active users by the required throughput per user, and divide the result by 1.5Mbps (net throughput supported by...
  • Page 63 Note: It is not necessary at this point to connect the Access Points to an Ethernet backbone, since Access Points continuously transmit signals (beacon frames) whether they are connected to an Ethernet backbone or not. Figure 5.5: Multicell Configuration BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-10 User’s Guide...

  • Page 64: Multi-Hop Configuration (Relay)

    System configuration is as follows: ⇒ ⇒ To set up a BreezeNET multi-hop cell: 1. Install an AP at the main office (refer to section 2, Basic Installation). 2. Install a WB at the remote site (refer to section 2, Basic Installation).
  • Page 65 AP-WB pair to provide wireless LANs at those points (see illustration). Figure 5.7: Advanced Multihop Configuration 7. Install Station Adapters or SA-PCR Cards on workstations (refer to section 2, Basic Installation). BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-12 User’s Guide...

  • Page 66: Outdoor Installation Considerations

    Avoid metal obstacles such as metal window frames or metal film anti-glare windows in the transmission path. Install outdoor antennas high enough to avoid any obstacles which may block the signal. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-13 User’s Guide...

  • Page 67: Rooftop Installation

    Increased antenna range. • Less obstacles in path. • Improved performance due to greater height. • Reduced multipath problems. 4.2.3. Antennas for Outdoor Applications can be used in point-to-point or point-to- BreezeNET PRO.11 Series multipoint configurations. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-14 User’s Guide...
  • Page 68 Station Adapter illuminates. 7. Align antennas at the main and remote sites until maximum signal quality is obtained. (Check QLT LEDs on the front panel of the Station Adapter and the wireless Bridge.) BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-15 User’s Guide...

  • Page 69: Antenna Seal

    Cell size is determined by the maximum possible distance between the Access Point and the Station Adapter, usually related to point-to-multipoint installations using external antennas. For open outdoor areas with an unobstructed line of sight between the Access Point and the BreezeNET BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-16...

  • Page 70: Link Distance

    Actual ranges may vary due to specific multipath and interference conditions. For specific range guidelines and information about extending cables, consult your local dealer or BreezeCOM central offices. Ranges are subject to change without notice. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-17 User’s Guide...

  • Page 71: Precautions

    Failure to do so may void the BreezeNET Product Warranty and may expose the end user to legal and financial liabilities. BreezeCOM and its resellers or distributors are not liable for injury, damage or violation of government regulations associated with the installation of detached antennas.

  • Page 72: Lightning Protection

    The installer must install the lightning protector in a way that maximizes lightning protection. BreezeCOM offers the following high-quality lightning arrestor assembly: BreezeNET AL 1 Lightning Arrestor - Part No. 872905 5 ft (1.5m), “N” Male to “N” Female. 4.3.5.
  • Page 73 For technical specifications, refer to section 8.2.2, Specifications for AL 1 Lightning Arrestor. Figure 6.4: AL-1 Connection Block Diagram One of the female-type N connectors is mounted directly through a hole in the shelter wall and held in place with a lockwasher and nut. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 74: Upgrade Procedure

    4.310, use the erase and eanafb files. When upgrading a SA-10 from version 3.62 to version 4.310, use the erase_fw and sawb_fw files. When upgrading an AP-10 from version 4.211 to version 4.310, use the erase_fw and ap_fw files. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 75: System Troubleshooting

    1. Power cord is not properly 1. Verify power cord is properly connected to the off. connected. BreezeNET unit and to the power outlet. 2. Power supply is defective. 2. If this is not the cause, replace the power supply. Failure to establish wireless link.
  • Page 76 • Check length of cable between antenna and unit (an overly long extension cable may adversely affect performance). Unit associates with the wrong In a multicell structure with For a unit to associate with a specific Access Point, assign BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 77: Checking Counters

    (0). If this is not the case, this may indicate a problem with the Ethernet connection. Verify Ethernet port link at hub, workstation, and unit. Assign a unique IP address to the unit and ping. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 78: Appendix

    This appendix includes the following sections: • Supported MIBs and Traps – Lists MIBs and traps supported by products. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series • Technical Specifications – Lists product and attachment specifications. • Wireless LAN Concepts – Provides an overview of the concepts related to wireless LANs.

  • Page 79: Supported Traps

    8.1.2. Supported Traps The following traps are implemented by BreezeNET PRO.11 units. All BreezeNET PRO.11 units with enabled Trap Sending will send traps to the network’s designated managers. The traps can be viewed and filtered using SNMPc. To enable/disable Trap Sending for a device, use the IP and SNMP Parameters menu (see section 3.4.2).

  • Page 80: Technical Specifications

    Appendix 8.2. Technical Specifications 8.2.1. Specifications for BreezeNET PRO.11 Units The following table provides the technical specifications for all products in BreezeNET PRO.11 Series Technical Specifications AP-10 PRO.11, SA-10/40 PRO.11, WB-10 PRO.11 Wired LAN interface Compliant with Ethernet / IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD standard...
  • Page 81 Up to 2 Mbps - aggregate Over 5 Mbps with overlapped cells High Speed roaming up to 60 mph (90 kph) ™) yes (with WIX Load sharing support Dynamic rate selection based on radio medium quality BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 82: Specifications For Al 1 Lightning Arrestor

    One of the female-type N connectors is mounted directly through a hole in the Grounding shelter wall and held in place with a lockwasher and nut. Note: All specifications are subject to change without notice. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 83: Wireless Lan Concepts

    Traditional LANs (Local Area Networks) link PCs and other computers to one another and to file servers, printers and other network equipment using cables or optic fibers as the transmission medium. Figure 9.1: Wired LAN Topology BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...
  • Page 84 PC-based workstations, notebook and pen-based computers can move freely in the cell. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...
  • Page 85 The AP also functions as a bridge between the wireless stations and the wired network and the other wireless cells. Connecting the AP to the backbone or other wireless cells can be done by wire or by a separate BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...
  • Page 86 Access Point, the cells’ coverage is said to overlap. Each wireless station automatically establishes the best possible connection with one of the Access Points. Overlapping coverage areas are an important attribute of the wireless LAN setup, because this enables seamless roaming between overlapping cells. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...
  • Page 87 The stations are equally divided between the APs in order to equally share the load between all APs. Efficiency is maximized because all APs are working at the same low level load. Load balancing is also known as load sharing. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-10 User’s Guide...
  • Page 88 If the medium is busy, the unit will back off for a random time before it senses again. Since transmitting units compete for air time, the protocol should ensure equal fairness between the stations. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-11 User’s Guide...

  • Page 89: Radio Signal Propagation

    8.4. Radio Signal Propagation 8.4.1. Introduction This section explains and simplifies many of the terms relating to antennas and RF (Radio Frequency) used when dealing with an RF installation system. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-12 User’s Guide...

  • Page 90: Rf Terms And Definitions

    RF power level at either the transmitter output or the receiver input is expressed in Watts. It can also be expressed in dBm. The relation between dBm and Watts can be expressed as follows: = 10 x Log P BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-13 User’s Guide...
  • Page 91 • Antenna height Free Space Loss Attenuation of the electromagnetic wave while propagating through space. This attenuation is calculated using the following formula: Free space loss = 36.5 + 20xLog(F ) + 20xLog(D Mile BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-14 User’s Guide...
  • Page 92 The radiation lobes in any direction other than that of the main lobe. Omni-directional Antenna Radiates and receives equally in all directions in azimuth. The following diagram shows the radiation pattern of an omnidirectional antenna with its side lobes in polar form. Figure 9.8: Side View BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-15 User’s Guide...
  • Page 93 Figure 9.10: Radiation Pattern of Directional Antenna Antenna Beamwidth The directiveness of a directional antenna. Defined as the angle between two half-power (-3 dB) points on either side of the main lobe of radiation. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-16 User’s Guide...
  • Page 94 Tx and Rx cable length (Ct and Cr) = 50ft. cable type LMR-400 (6.8 dB/100ft) Tx and Rx antenna gain (Gt and Gr) = 18 dBi Distance between sites = 5 miles Receiver sensitivity (Sr) = -74 dBm Pr >= Sr BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-17 User’s Guide...
  • Page 95 Radio wave clear line of sight exists if a certain area around the optical line of sight (Fresnel zone) is clear of obstacles. A bad line of sight exists if the first Fresnel zone is obscured. • Link Budget Calculations • Weather conditions (Rain, wind, etc.) BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-18 User’s Guide...
  • Page 96 The Fresnel zone is the area of a circle around the line of sight. The Fresnel Zone is defined as follows: Figure 9.12: Fresnel Zone R = ½ √ (λxD) R: radius of the first Fresnel zone λ: wavelength BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-19 User’s Guide...

  • Page 97: Ieee 802.11 Technical Tutorial

    Although a wireless LAN may be formed by a single cell, with a single Access Point, (and as will be described later, it can also work without an Access Point), most installations will be formed by several cells, where the BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-20 User’s Guide...

  • Page 98: Ieee 802.11 Layers Description

    As in any 802.x protocol, the 802.11 protocol covers the Media Access Control Layer (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY). The Standard currently defines a single MAC which interacts with three PHYs (all of them running at 1 or 2 Mbit/s) as follows: BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-21 User’s Guide...

  • Page 99: The Mac Layer

    In the Ethernet case, a collision is recognized by the transmitting stations which listen while transmitting and go into a retransmission phase based on an exponential random backoff algorithm. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-22 User’s Guide...
  • Page 100 Packet called CTS (Clear to Send), which includes the same duration information. All stations receiving either the RTS or the CTS, set their Virtual Carrier Sense indicator (called NAV, for Network Allocation Vector), for the BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-23 User’s Guide...
  • Page 101 As mentioned earlier in this document, the MAC layer performs Collision Detection by expecting the reception of an acknowledge to any transmitted fragment (Packets that have more than one destination, such as Multicasts, are not acknowledged.) BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-24 User’s Guide...
  • Page 102 This is particularly useful when an AP has several outstanding packets to different destinations and one of them does not respond. The following diagram shows a frame (MSDU) being divided to several fragments (MPDUs): BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-25 User’s Guide...
  • Page 103 This is needed to prevent the station (which could not understand the duration information for the Virtual Carrier Sense) from colliding with a future packet belonging to the current dialog. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-26 User’s Guide...
  • Page 104 The only case when this mechanism is not used is when the station decides to transmit a new packet and the medium has been free for more than DIFS. The following figure shows a schematic of the access mechanism: Figure 9.17: Access Mechanism BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-27 User’s Guide...

  • Page 105: How Does A Station Join An Existing Cell (Bss)

    1. On a packet-based LAN system, the transition from cell to cell may be performed between packet transmissions, as opposed to telephony where the transition may occur during a phone conversation, this makes the LAN roaming a little easier, but BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-28 User’s Guide...

  • Page 106: Keeping Synchronization

    • Access the Network resources by using similar wireless LAN equipment • Capture wireless LAN traffic (eavesdropping) The BreezeNET product line provides a patented enhanced roaming mechanism which allows stations to roam at speeds of 60 Km/h without losing or duplicating packets.

  • Page 107: Power Saving

    As part of its Beacon Frames, the AP also periodically transmits information about which Power Saving Stations have frames buffered at the AP, so these BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-30 User’s Guide...

  • Page 108: Frame Types

    • SFD: A Start Frame delimiter which consists of the 16-bit binary pattern 0000 1100 1011 1101, which is used to define frame timing. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-31 User’s Guide...
  • Page 109 The following figure shows the general MAC Frame Format. Part of the fields are only present in part of the frames as described later. Figure 9.18: MAC Frame Format Frame Control Field The Frame Control field contains the following information: Figure 9.19: Frame Control Field BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-32 User’s Guide...
  • Page 110 Data + CF-ACK + CF-Poll Data 0100 Null Function (no data) Data 0101 CF-Ack (no data) Data 0110 CF-Poll (no data) Data 0111 CF-Ack + CF-Poll (no data) Data 1000-1111 Reserved Data 0000-1111 Reserved BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-33 User’s Guide...
  • Page 111 The station may decide to use this information to continue polling or even changing to Active mode. This bit indicates that the frame body is encrypted according to the WEP algorithm Order BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-34 User’s Guide...
  • Page 112 The Strictly-Ordered Service Class is defined for users that cannot accept change of ordering between Uni- cast Frames and Multicast Frames (ordering of Unicast frames to a specific address is always maintained). The only known protocol that would need this service class is DEC’s LAT. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-35 User’s Guide...

  • Page 113: Most Common Frame Formats

    The TA is the address of the STA transmitting the RTS frame. The Duration value is the time, in microseconds, required to transmit the next Data or Management frame, plus one CTS frame, plus one ACK frame, plus three SIFS intervals. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-36 User’s Guide...
  • Page 114 Duration value is set to 0, otherwise the Duration value is obtained from the Duration field of the previous frame, minus the time, in microseconds, required to transmit the ACK frame and its SIFS interval. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-37 User’s Guide...

  • Page 115: Point Coordination Function (Pcf)

    In this case, there is no Access Point and part of its functionality is performed by the end-user stations (such as Beacon Generation, synchronization, etc.). Other AP functions are not supported (such as frame-relaying between two stations not in range, or Power Saving). BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-38 User’s Guide...
  • Page 116 Appendix AMP2440-250 AMP2440-500 Installation Instructions BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 8-39 User’s Guide...
  • Page 117 LMR-400 100 ft. 9dBm 24dBm/250mW AMP2440-250 LMR-600 150 ft. 9dBm 24dBm/250mW AMP2440-500 LMR-600 22 ft. 15dBm 27dBm/500mW AMP2440-500 LMR-600 100 ft. 11.5dBm 26.5dBm/447mW * higher output power is not possible because the output is limited. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...
  • Page 118 Refer to the BreezeCom Amplifier Installation Details diagram shown later in this manual. NOTE: When using the 24dB gain dish antenna in the United States, the external filter (P/N: SPF-1) must be installed to comply with FCC emission requirements. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...
  • Page 119 This “N” Female connector connects to the amplifier on the mast via the tra Amplifier line. Connection: 12 VDC: This is the DC power input for the injector and is a standard 2.1mm barrel j +12VDC should be applied with center positive. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide...
  • Page 120 Operation The unit operates automatically and there are no user adjustments. The amplifier is only intended for use with the BreezeNET Radios. These radios “ping pong” back and forth between transmit and receive so quickly, during normal operation, that both the TX and RX LEDs will appear to be lit simultaneously. In fact, they are turning on and off so quickly that they appear to be on all the time.

This manual is also suitable for:

Ap-10 pro.11Sa-10 pro.11Sa-40 pro.11Wb-10 pro.11

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