M-systems flash disk pioneers flash memory user manual (14 pages)
Summary of Contents for M-Systems Flash Disk Pioneers FFD 3.5" Ultra320 SCSI
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FFD 3.5" Ultra320 SCSI Product Specification and User Manual November 2005 43-PS-0305-00 Rev. 2.0...
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OCUMENT ONTROL NFORMATION DCO No.: Title Name Date Issued by: Rugged Product Manager, Embedded Guy Freikorn April 20, 2005 Division Approved by: VP Marketing, Embedded Division Ofer Tsur April 20, 2005 EVISION ISTORY Revision Date Description Reference Sections 4.1.7, Added information for new form factor, FFD 4.1.8, 4.1.10, 4.2, November 2005 3.5”...
ABLE OF ONTENTS 1. Scope ............................. 6 2. Applicable Documents ......................6 3. Overview ..........................7 4. Specifications........................8 4.1. Characteristics........................ 8 4.1.1. Supported SCSI Modes ....................8 4.1.2. Bus Characteristics......................8 4.1.3. Performance ........................8 4.1.4. Access Time ........................9 4.1.5.
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8.1.5. Configuration........................27 8.1.6. Verifying Security Erase ....................35 8.1.7. Sanitizing Based on DoD 5220.22-M ................36 8.1.8. Sanitizing Based on NSA Manual 130-2 ............... 36 8.1.9. Sanitizing Based on USA Air Force AFSSI 5020 ............37 8.1.10. Sanitizing (Purging) Based on USA Army Regulation 380-19........37 8.1.11.
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12.3. SCSI ID Configuration ....................58 12.4. Solving Installation Problems ..................58 13. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the FFD 3.5” Ultra320 SCSI....... 60 14. Label Information ........................ 64 15. Built-In Test (BIT) ........................ 66 16. Factory Default Setup ......................67 17.
COPE This specification and user manual defines the performance, design and acceptance requirements of the FFD 3.5” Ultra320 SCSI flash disk. It also provides instructions for installing and configuring the FFD 3.5” Ultra320 SCSI flash disk. Throughout this manual, the FFD 3.5” Ultra320 SCSI flash disk will be referred to as FFD. PPLICABLE OCUMENTS •...
VERVIEW The FFD is a non-volatile mass memory storage unit equipped with a SCSI interface, and containing the following subassemblies: • • SCSI interface controller • Flash memory array The FFD dimensions enabling mounting in a standard 3.5” disk drive enclosure. Figure 1 illustrates the FFD block diagram.
The FFD meets the performance requirements, as specified in Table 1. Table 1: FFD 3.5” Ultra320 SCSI Transfer Rates and IOPS Sustained Rate Operation Burst Rate (MB/Sec) IOPS 1MB Blocks (MB/sec) Read 320.0 40.0 1080 Write 320.0 40.0 3500 Notes: 1. Transfer of aligned sequential blocks between the target and the initiator. 2.
4.1.7. Power Requirements and Consumption The specifications listed in Table 3 apply to all operational modes (except Secure Erase) while Termination Power (TERMPWR) is set to OFF. The FFD input voltage is +5VDC, with a tolerance of ±0.5V. Table 3 describes the power consumption based on capacity and disk type (80-pin connector). Table 3: FFD 3.5”...
4.1.9. Endurance The FFD supports more than 5,000,000 erase cycles and an unlimited number of read cycles, enhanced by the following features: • Dynamic Wear-Leveling Algorithm: This algorithm eliminates situations where the application repeatedly writes to the same physical location until its flash components wear out.
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4.1.10.2 Dimensions Table 6 contains the nominal dimensions of the FFD. Refer to Figure 2 for detailed mounting configuration dimensions. Table 6: FFD 80-pin Nominal Dimensions Height Width Depth 0.5 in 4.00 in 5.75 in 12.70 mm 101.60 mm 146.05 mm Table 7: FFD 68-pin Nominal Dimensions Height Width...
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Figure 3: FFD 3.5” Ultra320 SCSI 68-Pin Assembly (in Inches) 4.1.10.3 80-Pin Connector Interface The FFD 80-pin connector interface pinouts are described in Table 8 and Table 9, according to the electrical interface being used. Table 8: 80-Pin Connector Pinout with Single-Ended (SE) Electrical Interface Pin Number Signal Name Pin Number...
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Pin Number Signal Name Pin Number Signal Name -SEL GROUND -MSG GROUND -RST GROUND -ACK GROUND -BSY GROUND -ATN GROUND -DBP(0) GROUND -DB(7) GROUND -DB(6) GROUND -DB(5) GROUND -DB(4) GROUND -DB(3) GROUND -DB(2) GROUND -DB(1) GROUND -DB(0) GROUND -DBP(1) GROUND -DB(15) GROUND -DB(14)
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Pin Number Signal Name Pin Number Signal Name -DB(8) +DB(8) -I/O +I/O -REQ +REQ -C/D +C/D -SEL +SEL -MSG +MSG -RST +RST -ACK +ACK -BSY +BSY -ATN +ATN -DBP(0) +DBP(0) -DB(7) +DB(7) -DB(6) +DB(6) -DB(5) +DB(5) -DB(4) +DB(4) -DB(3) +DB(3) -DB(2) +DB(2) -DB(1)
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4.1.10.4 68-Pin Connector Interface The FFD 68-pin connector interface pinouts are described in Table 10 and Table 11, according to the electrical interface being used. Table 10: Pinout for FFD 68-Pin Connector with Single-Ended Electrical Interface Pin Number Signal Name Pin Number Signal Name GROUND...
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Pin Number Signal Name Pin Number Signal Name GROUND -DB(10) GROUND -DB(11) Table 11: Pinout for FFD 68-Pin Connector with Low Voltage Differential Electrical Interface Pin Number Signal Name Pin Number Signal Name +DB(12) -DB(12) +DB(13) -DB(13) +DB(14) -DB(14) +DB(15) -DB(15) +DBP(1) -DBP(1)
Pin Number Signal Name Pin Number Signal Name +DB(9) -DB(9) +DB(10) -DB(10) +DB(11) -DB(11) 4.1.11. Hot Insertion (Hot Swappable) The following classes of hot insertion are supported by the 80-pin FFD (in accordance with the SCSI controller data sheet): • Class 1: Power OFF during removal or insertion.
4.2. Reliability The FFD provides a very high number of hours for Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF). Exact times are capacity dependent, as described in Table 12. Table 12: Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) per Capacity Capacity (GB) Mean Time Between Failures (Hours) 2, 4, 8 692,530 16, 32...
4.4.2. Altitude The FFD operates at altitudes ranging from sea level to 80,000 ft, and withstands air transportation in non-pressurized flights at altitudes of up to 80,000 ft. 4.4.3. Relative Humidity The FFD can withstand 5% to 95% non-condensing relative humidity. 4.4.4.
SCSI C UPPORTED OMMANDS The FFD supports the SCSI commands listed in Table 13. Table 13: SCSI Commands Command Option Command Code Group 0: 6-Byte Commands TEST UNIT READY 0x00 REZERO UNIT 0x01 REQUEST SENSE 0x03 FORMAT UNIT 0x04 REASSIGN BLOCKS 0x07 READ(6) 0x08...
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Command Option Command Code Vendor-Specific: 6-Byte Commands SECURE ERASE 0xDF Vendor-Specific: 10-Byte Commands SANITIZE NEW FORMAT 0xFF M =Mandatory O = Optional V = Vendor Specific REZERO UNIT and SEEK(6) are obsolete in SCSI-3, but are supported by the FFD for compatibility with SCSI-2. In SCSI-3 fields 3rd Party and 3rd Party Device ID are obsolete in RESERVE(6) and RESERVE(6) commands, but are supported by the FFD for compatibility with SCSI-2.
SCSI M ESSAGES The FFD indicates its ability to respond to SCSI messages by responding to the ATN signal with a change to the MESSAGE OUT phase. Table 14 describes the supported SCSI messages. Table 14: SCSI Message Codes Direction (Relative to Status Code the Initiator)
SCSI ACKETIZED The FFD supports the Packetized SCSI protocol, as described in the SPI-4 standard (supports all the necessary information units). The SPI-4 standard outlines the following new features: • Paced data transfer: Packetized SCSI • Free-running clock (ACK, REQ, and P1 for valid data) •...
ENDOR PECIFIC OMMANDS 8.1. Security Erase Features The vendor-specific Security Erase feature quickly erases all selected media on the FFD. The SCSI vendor-specific (command codes 0xDFh and 0xFFh) or the vendor-specific Security Erase hardware interrupt (offered as an option upon customer request) activates this function. When the Security Erase function is activated, all NAND flash (for Full Security Erase, as described in Section 8.1.1), or part of the NAND flash components (for Partial Security Erase, as described in Section 8.1.2) are erased.
8.1.3. Resume Option If the power is interrupted while Security Erase is in process, part of the media may remain intact. The FFD provides a Resume option that restarts Security Erase on the next power up. The Resume option persists until the security erase is complete. The Resume option is user configurable.
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8.1.5.2 Configuring with Standard SCSI WRITE BUFFER Commands All Security Erase parameters are configured via the SCSI WRITE BUFFER command. Table 15: Disable/Enable Resume Security Erase (on Power-Up) Byte Operation Code = 0x3B Logical Unit Number Reserved Mode = 0x01 Reserved (0x00) Buffer Offset = 0x0B Parameter List Length = 0x01...
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Byte Parameter List Length = 0x01 Control For example, the SCSI commands for enabling/disabling Partial Security Erase are: 3b 01 00 00 00 14 00 00 01 00 The disable/enable Partial Security Erase data structure to be transferred contains one byte, as described in Table 18.
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• Parameter List Length: Specifies the length of the transfer. Each partition requires 12 bytes in the data structure to be transferred: 2 bytes for the partition number 2 bytes to indicate whether Security Erase has been set for this partition (1 = ERASE 4 bytes for the start sector of the partition (hexadecimal number) 4 bytes for the end sector of the partition (hexadecimal number) Table 20: Partition Structure...
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8.1.5.3 Reading Security Erase Parameters Table 21 describes the configuration for reading the boundaries of the Security Erase parameters. Table 21: Reading the Boundaries Byte Operation Code = 0x3C Logical Unit Number Reserved Mode = 0x1 Reserved (0x00) Buffer Offset = 0x13 Allocation length Control Bit Description...
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The data structure received for the entire security erase partition information is illustrated in Figure 6. Figure 6: Data Structure for Reading 0x64 Bytes 8.1.5.4 Sanitize Configuration Commands Table 22: Sanitize Configuration Commands Byte Operation Code = 0x3C Logical Unit Number Reserved Mode = 0x1 Reserved (0x00)
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8.1.5.6 Vendor-Specific Security Erase SCSI Command The vendor-specific SCSI command can be used to bypass the default Security Erase parameters that are defined in the security erase configuration. There are two commands that perform security erase/sanitize: 0xDF (an old method included for backward compatibility with old products) and the more flexible 0xFF, which is strongly recommended.
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Attempting to save the default Sanitize configuration (option D) using subcommand selection 00b will result in an aborted command and no changes will be made. When the Master Command specifies only 1 or 2 subcommands, parameters for the remaining subcommands are reserved and should be set to 0 for compatibility with future versions. For the default Sanitize procedure, all other bits in the Master Command and parameters 1-3 are reserved and should be set to 0 for compatibility with future versions.
Master Operation Parameter1 Parameter2 Parameter3 Command DoD 5220.22-M 0x84 Char 0x00 0x00 Erase the media and overwrite with single character, then erase again. NSA Manual 130-2 Erase the media and overwrite with random 0x81 0x02 Char 0x00 data 2 times, then erase and overwrite with a character.
8.1.7. Sanitizing Based on DoD 5220.22-M The USA DoD 5220.22-M National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM), January 1995, specifies the sanitization processes for each media type (in order to be considered declassified) in Chapter 8, Automated Information System Security. For the flash EPROM media type, the sanitization process is as follows: •...
8.1.9. Sanitizing Based on USA Air Force AFSSI 5020 The USA Air Force System Security Instruction (AFSSI) 5020, dated 20 August, 1996, specifies the procedure for sanitizing confidential media. Chapter 5, Semiconductor Devices, describes the security procedure for all types of semiconductor media. In paragraph 5.3, the procedure for sanitizing flash memory is described as follows: •...
8.1.11. Sanitizing (Purging) Based on USA Navy NAVSO P-5239-26 The Navy Staff Office Publication (NAVSO) 5239, “Information Systems Security (INFOSEC) Program Guidelines” is issued by the Naval Information Systems Management Center and provides policy, guidelines, and procedures for clearing and purging computer system memory and other storage media for release outside of and for reuse within controlled environments.
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The commands described below are available to support this requirement. Table 27: Read Number of Blocks that Failed to Erase/Write and Block Numbers Byte Operation Code = 0x37 READ_DEFECT_DATA Reserved Reserved Plist Glist Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Allocation Length MSB Allocation Length LSB Control Table 28: Reply Format...
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Table 29: Get Sanitize Failed Data Byte Operation Code = 0x51 Reserved code Block number MSB Block number mid high Block number mid low Block number LSB Reserved Allocation Length MSB Allocation Length LSB Control Sub Codes • VSF_GET_BLOCK_LENGTH Send block size (4 bytes). •...
8.2. Security Erase Functionality The Security Erase option enables quickly erasing all the data stored on the FFD. The FFD also supports the Quick Security Erase option, which is faster than the standard Security Erase option. The standard Security Erase option can be activated by the vendor-unique Sanitize command (see Section 8) or by triggering the Sanitize hardware interrupt.
8.3. Power Consumption during Security Erase Typical power consumption during Security Erase depends on both the device capacity and the NAND flash type. The FFD input voltage is +5VDC, with a tolerance of ± 0.5V. Table 32: Typical Power Consumption During Security Erase Overall Capacity Flash Component Power Consumption...
IRMWARE PGRADE The FFD has field-upgrade capability. When required, M-Systems will provide the micro code and the utility for the upgrade. Product Specification and User Manual FFD 3.5" Ultra320 SCSI 43-PS-0305-00 Rev. 2.0...
10. S ENSE EY AND DDITIONAL ENSE ODES Table 33 and Table 34 list the Sense Key codes and Additional Sense Key codes returned by the FFD. Table 33: Sense Key Codes Sense Code Description Sense Key Code NO SENSE RECOVERED ERROR NOT READY MEDIUM ERROR...
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Description ASC ASCQ DEFECT LIST NOT FOUND 0x1C 0x00 GROWN DEFECT LIST NOT FOUND 0x1C 0x02 DEFECT LIST ERROR IN PRIMARY LIST 0x19 0x02 POWERON RESET-OR BUS DEVICE RESET OCCURED 0x29 0x00 MODE PARAMETERS CHANGED 0x2A 0x01 MICROCODE HAS BEEN CHANGED 0x3F 0x01 WRITE PROTECTED 0x27 0x00...
11. C FFD 3.5” U 320 SCSI ONFIGURING AND NSTALLING THE LTRA This section provides you with the information you need to properly install your new FFD. M-Systems recommends that qualified and trained personnel install the drive. The following chapters contain handling information, mounting considerations, address and configuration setups, cabling and connector information and information about obtaining technical assistance and service.
11.4. System Requirements In order to install the FFD in your system, ensure that you have the following items: • System mounting hardware (usually a 3.5” drive bay with the appropriate mounting holes or a 5.25” drive bay with guide rails for a 3.5” drive) •...
Figure 9: FFD 3.5” Ultra320 SCSI 68-Pin Header Settings 11.5.1. SCSI ID Pins Every device on the SCSI bus must have a unique SCSI ID. You must ensure that the SCSI ID of the drive is not the same as the host adapter (typically 7 or 15), and to ascertain whether or not the FFD shares the SCSI bus with additional drives.
SCSI ID Pins 1-2 Pins 3-4 Pins 5-6 Pins 7-8 To select the required SCSI ID via the 68-pin auxiliary connector (only for the 68-pin connector disk type): Verify that the SCSI ID DIP switches are set to SCSI ID 0. Position the SCSI ID jumpers of the auxiliary connector to SET, according to Table 37.
11.5.6. Termination Power (TRMPWR) Termination power must be supplied by at least one device on the SCSI bus, typically by the host adapter. However, if you are sure that TRMPWR is not available in your system, you can configure the FFD to supply TRMPWR. Note that several devices can supply TRMPWR without affecting overall system performance or causing damage to the drive or any other device on the bus.
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Figure 12: FFD 3.5” Ultra320 SCSI 68-pin Auxiliary Connector Settings Table 36: 68-Pin Auxiliary Connector Signals SFF-80091 Auxiliary Signal Signal Function Connector Pin No. Sets the SCSI ID. Set SCSI ID (0) to ON by connecting a SCSI ID (0) jumper between pins 1-2.
To select the required SCSI ID via the 68-pin auxiliary connector (only for the 68-pin connector disk type): Verify that the SCSI ID is set to SCSI ID 0. Position the SCSI ID pins of the auxiliary connector to SET, according to Table 37. Table 37: Auxiliary Connector SCSI ID Setting SCSI ID Auxiliary Pin 1-2...
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To install the FFD: Power down the PC. Remove the PC cover. Before connecting the FFD to the host adapter, check the adapter’s memory, I/O and IRQ settings and verify that they do not conflict with any other devices installed in the system. Configure the FFD header settings as described in Section 11.5.
11.6.3. Using the FFD in Microsoft Windows-Based Platforms The FFD does not require a driver with Windows based platforms. However, if the FFD is connected through a Host Bus Adapter (HBA), a driver must be installed. Most adapters have an accompanying driver for Windows. If you do not have a driver, one can be downloaded from the HBA vendor website.
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Connect a power cable from the system’s power supply to the FFD (not required for the 80-pin SCA-2 connector.) Mount the FFD in a free 3.5” drive bay. Close the cover. Power ON the PC. You are now ready to install the drive under Unix. To proceed with the installation, you must have Supervisor privileges on your Unix system.
12. T ROUBLESHOOTING The following section describes the most common problems and their causes. 12.1. Installing Your SCSI Host Adapter Basically, a SCSI host adapter is a standard PC board, regardless of the bus system used. As an example, the following demonstrates the standard installation of an Adaptec 1542CF. First, check the default values of the board and verify that they do not conflict with other devices in the PC.
12.2. Termination Configuration The basic rule to remember when configuring this characteristic is that termination is required on both ends of the SCSI chain. To install a new device as the last device on one of the sides of the complete cable, you must enable termination on it.
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• Adapters: In order to achieve a 320 MB/sec transfer speed, Ultra320-compliant adapters are required. • Cable length: Exceeds the limit specified in the standard, or too long to support the transfer rate. • Device ID conflict: A new device was added with a SCSI ID identical to an existing device on the bus.
13. F (FAQ FFD 3.5” REQUENTLY SKED UESTIONS ABOUT THE 320 SCSI LTRA Q: What is SCSI? A: SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) is a general-purpose, parallel bus system. It originated from Shugart’s 1979’ SASI (Shugart Associates System Interface) and Shugart and NCR presented it to the ANSI in 1981.
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Q: What is Ultra320 SCSI? A; Ultra320 devices transfer data and commands using packetized SCSI. Packetized SCSI provides a method for transferring command and status information at the maximum data rate on the parallel SCSI bus. Packetized SCSI is referred to as Information Unit (IU) transfers in the ANSI SPI standards.
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Q: What is Termination and TRMPWR? A: The SCSI bus needs to be terminated. This means that both ends of the bus must have a circuit to eliminate signal reflections that would occur from the physical ends of the bus. The termination circuit requires a power source, which is supplied by a line called TRMPWR, or Termination Power, on the bus.
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Q: What are Single-Ended and LVD (Low Voltage Differential)? Single-ended SCSI has single-ended TTL transceivers, allowing up to 5 MHz data transfer rates with up to 6 m cable length, or up to 10 MHz data transfer (Fast SCSI) with up to 3 m cable length. Differential bus signals are carried on a pair of wires, with each signal having its own return wire.
14. L ABEL NFORMATION The FFD 3.5” Ultra320 SCSI 80-pin label (P/N 43-LB-008-00) contains the following information: Unformatted Ordering Capacity Information Serial Number FFD-35-U3S-352-X-P80 (written and bar code) 352GB 123456789 Part Number 43DU0352520A A-1.00 (written and bar code) M-Systems Logo Hardware and Software Revisions (Alphanumeric) Product Family Name...
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The FFD 3.5” Ultra320 SCSI 68-pin label (P/N 43-LB-007-00) contains the following information: Figure 15: FFD 3.5” Ultra320 SCSI 68-Pin Label Product Specification and User Manual FFD 3.5" Ultra320 SCSI 43-PS-0305-00 Rev. 2.0...
15. B (BIT) UILT The FFD performs a power-up test to ensure that its basic components are operational. Upon power-up, the following is tested: • • Boot flash • SCSI controller • Timers • DMA controller • Flash media Product Specification and User Manual FFD 3.5" Ultra320 SCSI 43-PS-0305-00 Rev.
SCSI TRUCTURE ENDOR PECIFIC ECURITY RASE OMMAND The vendor-specific SCSI command can be used to bypass the default Security Erase parameters that are defined in the security erase configuration. The interface specified in Table 40 enables defining a wide range of Sanitize procedures. Table 40: Security Erase Command Old Structure Byte Operation Code (DFH)
This document is for information use only and is subject to change without prior notice. M-Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Ltd. assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrievable manner or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without prior written consent of M-Systems.
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