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RFM CCT24 Series Integration Manual

2.4 ghz spread spectrum wireless transceivers
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CCT24 Series
2.4 GHz Spread Spectrum
Wireless Transceivers
Integration Guide
Page 1 of 90
CCT24

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Summary of Contents for RFM CCT24 Series

  • Page 1 CCT24 Series 2.4 GHz Spread Spectrum Wireless Transceivers Integration Guide Page 1 of 90 CCT24...
  • Page 2 Warning: Changes or modifications to this device not expressly approved by RFM could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. RF Exposure Information: For mobile operating conditions (>20 cm to the body):...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Introduction ............................5 Why Spread Spectrum?........................ 5 Frequency Hopping versus Direct Sequence ................6 CCT24 Radio Operation........................7 Network Synchronization and Registration................... 7 Authentication ..........................8 Serial Port Modes ......................... 8 SPI Port Modes..........................9 RF Data Communications......................9 RF Transmission Error Control ....................
  • Page 4 Protocol Messages......................... 40 Protocol Message Formats......................40 4.1.1 Message Types ........................40 4.1.2 Message Format Details......................41 4.1.3 /CFG Select Pin ........................43 4.1.4 Flow Control..........................43 4.1.5 Protocol Mode Data Message Example .................. 43 4.1.6 Protocol Mode Tree-Routing MAC Address Discovery Example ..........43 Configuration Registers ......................

  • Page 5: Introduction

    1.0 Introduction The CCT24 series transceivers provide highly reliable wireless connectivity for point-to-point, point-to- multipoint, peer-to-peer or tree-routing applications. Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) tech- nology ensures maximum resistance to multipath fading and robustness in the presence of interfering signals, while operation in the 2.4 GHz ISM band allows license-free use world wide. The CCT24 sup- ports all standard serial data rates for host communications from 1.2 to 460.8 kb/s plus SPI data rates...

  • Page 6: Frequency Hopping Versus Direct Sequence

    Narrow-band versus spread-spectrum transmission Figure 1.1.1 1.2 Frequency Hopping versus Direct Sequence The two primary approaches to spread spectrum are direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), either of which can generally be adapted to a given applica- tion.

  • Page 7: Cct24 Radio Operation

    One disadvantage of direct sequence systems is that due to design issues related to broadband transmit- ters and receivers, they generally employ only a minimal amount of spreading, often no more than the minimum required by the regulating agencies. For this reason, the ability of DSSS systems to overcome fading and in-band jammers is relatively weak.

  • Page 8: Authentication

    configured to send join announcements to a host application for an unlimited number of radios. The application can then verify the continued presence of each radio in the network through periodic polling. The CCT24 also supports a RemoteLeave command that allows a host application to release a radio from the network.

  • Page 9: Spi Port Modes

    radio, protocol formatting must be used unless the data being sent includes addressing information that the devices connected to the remotes/routers can use to determine the intended destination of the broad- cast data. Protocol formatting is also required for configuration commands and responses, and sensor I/O commands and responses.

  • Page 10: Rf Transmission Error Control

    BaseSlotSize parameters and the number of registered radios. The MinPacketLength and TxTimeout parameters operate in a remote in the same manner as in the base. 2.6 RF Transmission Error Control The CCT24 supports two error control modes: automatic transmission repeats (ARQ), and redundant transmissions for broadcast packets.

  • Page 11: Point-To-Multipoint Network Operation

    packet sequence number and error checking bytes to the data when it is transmitted. These additional bytes are not output at the remote in transparent mode. The sequence number is used in acknowledging successful transmissions and in retransmitting corrupted transmissions. A two-byte CRC and a one-byte checksum allow a received transmission to be checked for errors.

  • Page 12: Tree Routing System Operation

    2.8.4 Tree-Routing Operation A CCT24 tree-routing system consists of a base, remotes and up to 63 routers. A router is basically a remote that has been configured with two operating modes - a base mode for its “child” radios and a remote mode for its “parent”...

  • Page 13: Polling Mode

    Figure 2.10.1 2.10.1 Polling Mode Polling channel access is used for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint systems where only one remote will attempt to transmit data at a time, usually in response to a command from the base. Polling (mode 0) is a special case of CSMA mode 1. The user can set the BaseSlotSize and CSMA_ RemtSlotSize parameters when using this mode.

  • Page 14: Tdma Modes

    the channel busy a second time, the amount of time the radio will wait before checking the channel will increase. It will continue to increase each subsequent time the channel is busy until the channel is finally found idle. This is the classic CSMA technique that handles the situation where a number of radios hold data to send at the same time.

  • Page 15: Transmission Configuration Planning

    immediately as remotes join or leave the network. When running in protocol mode on a remote, care must be taken not to generate messages too long to be sent in a single hop due to automatic RemoteSlotSize reduction. TDMA Fixed Slots (mode 3) is used for applications that have fixed data throughput requirements, such as isochronous voice or streaming telemetry.

  • Page 16: Polling Throughput

    BaseSlotSize. Note that the base radio always reserves BaseSlotSize amount of time in each hop wheth- er or not the base has user data to send. To help select appropriate parameter values, RFM provides the DNT Throughput Calculator utility pro- gram (DNTCalc.exe). This program is on the development kit CD. Enabling encryption (security) adds additional bytes to the data to be sent but the Calculator has a mode to take this into account.

  • Page 17: Latency

    It is often desirable to limit the amount of data a CSMA remote can send in one transmission. This pre- vents one remote from hogging network throughput. To accommodate this, the CCT24 provides a CSMA_RemtSlotSize parameter that is user configurable. When a remote has transmitted CSMA_ RemtSlotSize bytes on a given hop, it will stop transmitting until the next hop.

  • Page 18: Configuration Validation

    The other factor impacting latency is retries. This impact is not unique to frequency hopping radios but is common among all wireless technologies. A radio only transmits data once per hop. It needs to wait until the next hop to see if the transmission was received at the destination. If not, the radio will transmit the data again and wait for the acknowledgement.
  • Page 19 data rate, hop duration, base slot size and maximum number of remotes. Although the remote slot size and remote slot time allocation are automatically set in mode 2, the user must predetermine these values to assure a valid operating configuration. First, set the BaseSlotSize to accommodate the maximum number of data bytes in a base transmission.

  • Page 20: Tree-Routing Systems

    2.12 Tree-Routing Systems As discussed in Section 2.8.4, CCT24 tree-routing systems can cover much larger areas than other CCT24 networks, with the trade-off that tree-routing increases message transmission latency. Tree- routing systems are well suited to many industrial, commercial and agricultural applications. Compared to other CCT24 network configurations, however, tree-routing systems require somewhat more initial plan- ning and commissioning steps, as discussed in this Section.
  • Page 21 Data sent from the base radio in the central location will be routed down the “tree” to the intended node of the network. Data from the nodes will be routed up the tree to the base or to another node in the system. Note that it is possible to send data from one node to another node rather than sending it to the base.

  • Page 22: Tree-Routing System Networks

    1. Tree-routing systems can run without leases enabled to remove the 126 child limit on the base and routers in some circumstanc- es. However, this takes special system planning. Contact RFM technical support for details. Page 22 of 90...

  • Page 23: Tree-Routing System Implementation Options

    The InitialParentNwkID parameter controls which parent a child router or remote can join. Setting this value to 0x00 forces a router or a remote to join with only the base. Setting this parameter to the NwkID of a parent router forces a child router or a remote to join only this parent’s network. Setting this parameter to 0xFF in a router or remote allows them to join with any parent.
  • Page 24 MAC addresses for each router and remote. The task of manually assigning system addresses to all routers and remotes in a tree-routing system can be somewhat tedious. Contact RFM’s module technical support group for the latest support tools for manual address assignment. Table 2.12.4.1 summarizes radio parameter settings for each assignment method.

  • Page 25: Serial Port Operation

    2.13 Serial Port Operation CCT24 networks are often used for wireless communication of serial data. The CCT24 supports serial baud rates from 1.2 to 460.8 kb/s. Listed in Table 2.13.1 below are the supported data rates and their related byte data rates and byte transmission times for an 8N1 serial port configuration: Baud Rate kb/s Byte Data Rate kB/s Byte Transmission Time ms...

  • Page 26: Spi Port Operation

    The average full-duplex serial port byte rate that can be supported under error free conditions is: 64 Bytes/4.85 ms = 13.2 kB/s, or 132 kb/s for 8N1 Continuous full-duplex serial port data streams at a baud rate of 115.2 kb/s can be supported by this configuration, provided only occasional RF transmission errors occur.
  • Page 27 GPIO port 4 can be alternately configured to provide a received message flag, referred to as SPI_RX_ AVL. Operation of this line is shown in Figure 2.14.3. Once the SPI_RX_AVL flag goes high, RX message bytes can be clocked out on the MISO line by clocking 0x00 null bytes and/or transmit message bytes in on the MOSI line.

  • Page 28: Sleep Modes

    2.15 Sleep Modes To save power in applications where a remote transmits infrequently, the CCT24 supports hardware and firmware sleep modes. Hardware sleep mode is entered by switching SLEEP/DTR Pin 11 on the CCT24 from logic low to high. While in hardware sleep mode, the CCT24 consumes less than 50 µA at room temperature.
  • Page 29 If the remote is linking for the first time or was unsuccessful linking on its last attempt, it will re- • main awake to record the beacon system parameter list. At wakeup, the WakeLinkTimeout timer is started. If the remote is unable to acquire link before •...

  • Page 30: Encryption

    Awake Sleep /HOST_RTS Normal operation high impedance /HOST_CTS Normal operation /DCD Normal operation DIVERSITY Normal operation RADIO_TXD Normal operation Hi-Z RADIO_RXD Normal operation Table 2.15.1 Note that the ACT pin may be used by a local host to detect when a sleeping remote is awake. The behavior of the GPIOs during sleep is governed by the GPIO_ SleepMode, GPIO_SleepDir, and GPIO_SleepState configuration registers.
  • Page 31 co-located networks may occasionally try to transmit on the same frequency at the same time. This can slightly reduce the network throughput. Where a wide pulse can be used, it should be sent to reset all base patterns to their first frequency following the reset or power-up of any of the co-located bases.

  • Page 32: Cct24 Hardware

    3.0 CCT24 Hardware The major components of the CCT24 include a 2.4 GHz FHSS transceiver and a low current 32-bit micro- controller. The CCT24 operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The module includes nine frequency subbands and 38 total frequency channels to support the various 2.4 GHz frequency allocations used throughout the world.
  • Page 33 3.1 CCT24 Specifications Characteristic Minimum Typical Maximum Units Operating Frequency Range 2409.55 2479.85 Hop Dwell Time Number of Frequency Hopping Subbands Number of RF Channels in a Subband Modulation RF Data Transmission Rates kb/s Receiver Sensitivity: BER @ 362 kb/s Transmitter RF Output Power Levels 1, 10, 63 Optimum Antenna Impedance...

  • Page 34: Module Interface

    3.2 Module Interface Electrical connections to the CCT24 are made through the I/O pins on the CCT24. The hardware I/O functions are detailed in the table below: Name Description Packet detect output. Signal switches logic high at the end of the start-of-packet symbol and switch- PKT_DET es logic low at the end of the end-of-packet symbol on both received and transmitted packets.

  • Page 35: Cct24 Antenna Connector

    Data activity output, logic high when data is being transmitted or received. Default functionality is data carrier detect output, which provides a logic low on a remote when the /DCD module is locked to FHSS hopping pattern and logic low on a base when at least one remote is connected to it.

  • Page 36: Input Voltages

    Trace Separation from Length of Trace Run 50 ohm Microstrip Parallel to Microstrip 100 mil 125 mill 150 mil 200 mil 200 mil 290 mil 250 mil 450 mil 300 mil 650 mil Table 3.3.2 connector and the antenna or antenna connector on the host circuit board should be implemented as a 50 ohm stripline.

  • Page 37: Power-On Reset Requirements

    WARNING: This device operates under Part 15 of the FCC rules. Any modification to this device, not expressly authorized by RFM, Inc., may void the user’s authority to operate this device. FCC NOTICE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
  • Page 38 interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotrop- ically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary for successful communication. Conformément à la réglementation d’Industrie Canada, le présent émetteur radio peut fonctionner avec une antenne d’un type et d’un gain maximal (ou inférieur) approuvé...

  • Page 39: Protocol Messages

    4.0 Protocol Messages 4.1 Protocol Message Formats The CCT24 is configured and controlled through a series of protocol mode messages. All protocol mode messages have a common header format: 3 … Length PktType variable number of arguments … Figure 4.1.1 The scale above is in bytes.

  • Page 40: Message Format Details

    is used for all multi-byte arguments, where the lowest order byte is the left-most byte of the argument and the highest order byte in the right-most byte of the argument. 4.1.2 Message Format Details Com- Reply Event Description Direction Arguments mand 0x00 EnterProtocolMode...
  • Page 41 for routers - 0x00 0xNN 0xFF, where NN is the NwkID of the router. for remotes - 0xMM 0xNN 0xFF, where NN is the NwkID of the parent router and MM is the network address of the remote. TxStatus = Result of last TxData operation (1 byte) 0x00 = Acknowledgement received 0x01 = No acknowledgement received 0x02 = Not linked (remote)

  • Page 42: Cfg Select Pin

    Range = Range measurement of joining radio (1 byte). Each count equals 0.29 miles. BootSelect = Code indicating whether to do a normal reset or a reset to the bootloader (1 byte) (0 = normal reset, 1 = reset to bootloader) PermitStatus = Permission for new node to join, 0x00 = denied, 0x01 = permitted (1 byte) BackoffTime = Time that a node will avoid trying to join a network, in seconds (2 bytes) (0xFFFF = back off until reset or power cycled)

  • Page 43: Configuration Registers

    The target remote will issue a DiscoverReply command as follows: 0xFB 0x08 0x16 0x00 0x02 0x01 0x00 0x01 0x01 0xFF The 0x00 Status byte value indicates a response from the remote. The tree-routing system address of the target remote is received in Little-Endian byte order, so the address is 0xFF0101. Referring to Figure 2.12.1.2, this is the system address of Remote R1.
  • Page 44 The auto setting will cause a remote to try all four over-the-air rates when scanning for a network to join. Setting the RF_DataRate to a fixed value on the remotes will allow a network to link much faster than using the auto setting. However, if the base RF_DataRate is changed when the remotes are set to a fixed rate, the network will not link.
  • Page 45 WakeLinkTimeout - this parameter sets the maximum length of time that a remote in sleep mode will spend trying to acquire a link to its base before going back to sleep, from a minimum of 100 ms to 25.5 s in 100 ms units.

  • Page 46: Bank 1 - System Settings

    StaticNetAddr - this parameter holds the lower byte of the system address of a remote. Assigning a value other than 0xFF provides a fixed (static) address. When this parameter is set to 0xFF, the router assigns the lower byte of the system address to a remote dynamically. When using fixed network addressing, any device that can connect to a parent that has any children with fixed network addresses must also have a unique fixed network address, including child routers.
  • Page 47 Bank 1 holds configuration parameters to be input to the base only. The base passes these parameters to the remotes as needed. The exception is the ARQ_AttemptLimit parameter. If ARQ_Mode bit 1 is set to 1 at the base, the ARQ_AttemptLimit parameter can be set in the remotes and used. FrequencyBand - this parameter selects the frequency hopping subband.
  • Page 48 The current range information is available in the CurrPropDelay parameter. LinkDropThreshold - this is the number of consecutive beacons missed by a remote that causes the remote to restart a link acquisition search. Please contact RFM technical support before making changes to the parameter.

  • Page 49: Bank 2 - Status Registers

    AuthMode - this parameter is valid on the base only. It controls how remotes are permitted to join the network. Permitted values are: 0 = Any remote may join 1 = Authentication by base radio permission table 2 = Authentication by request to host application 3 = Lock authentication to permit only currently registered remotes P2PReplyTimeout - This parameter sets the reply timeout for peer-to-peer packets sent from one node to another.
  • Page 50 CurrNwkAddr - this returns the address of the radio in its parent’s network. CurrNwkID - this returns the ID of the network the radio is currently assigned to or connected to. A value of 0xFF means the radio is scanning for a network but has not yet joined one. CurrRF_DataRate - this returns the RF data rate of the network that the radio is currently assigned to or connected to.

  • Page 51: Bank 3 - Serial And Spi Settings

    CurrAttemptLimit - this returns the value of ARQ_AttemptLimit currently in use (depending on the selected ARQ_Mode, it may not always match the local EEPROM value). CurrRangeDelay - returns the current propagation delay for this remote as measured from the base (applies to remote nodes only).
  • Page 52 0x04 Even parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit 0x05 Even parity, 8 data bits, 2 stop bits 0x06 Odd parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit 0x07 Odd parity, 8 data bits, 2 stop bits Note that 8-bit data with no parity is capable of carrying 7-bit data with parity for compatibility without loss of generality for legacy applications that may require it.
  • Page 53 the end of each received message. Figure 4.2.4.1 shows a typical relation ship between the /SS line (red trace) and the SCLK line (blue trace). Figure 4.2.4.1 When periodic I/O reporting is enabled on a CCT24 remote configured as an SPI Master, the remote will clock out a stored command string, SPI_MasterCmdStr, to collect data from a Slave peripheral each time the I/O report timer fires.

  • Page 54: Bank 4 - Host Protocol Settings

    SPI_MasterCmdLen - this parameter sets the length for the SPI Master command string that will be used to interrogate the slave peripheral, when SPI Master mode is selected with periodic I/O reporting enabled. SPI_MasterCmdStr - this parameter holds the SPI Master command string that is used to interrogate the slave peripheral when SPI Master mode is selected with periodic I/O reporting enabled.

  • Page 55: Bank 5 - I/O Peripheral Registers

    ProtocolSequenceEn - enables or disables the EnterProtocolMode ASCII command string to switch from transparent mode to protocol mode. Valid settings are 0 = disabled, 1 = one time at startup, 2 = enabled at any time. The default is enabled at anytime. Note that if this parameter is set to 0 and saved to memory, protocol mode can no longer be invoked through the radio’s main serial port or SPI connection.

  • Page 56: Bank 6 - I/O Setup

    4.2.7 Bank 6 - I/O Setup Size in Range Bank Loc'n Name bytes in bits Default; Options 0x06 0x00 GPIO_Dir 0 (all inputs) 0x06 0x01 GPIO_Init 0 (all zeros) 0x06 0x02 GPIO_Alt 0x08 = use GPIO3 for RS485 enable 0x06 0x03 GPIO_Edge Trigger 0x00...
  • Page 57 GpioAlt bit is set for GPIO4, the corresponding GpioSleepMode bit is ignored and GPIO4 is controlled directly by the GpioSleepState parameter bit 7. GPIO_SleepDir - when GPIO_SleepMode is enabled, this parameter functions as a secondary GPIO_Dir to set the direction of the GPIOs during a device’s sleep period. This enables the user to provide alternate configurations during sleep that will help minimize current consumption.

  • Page 58: Bank 7 - Authentication List

    IO_ReportInterval - when periodic I/O reporting is enabled, this parameter sets the interval between reports. Units are 10 ms increments, and the default report interval is every 30 seconds but can be set as long as 497 days. IO_ReportPreDel - this parameter sets the delay in milliseconds between an event trigger and the time the I/O register bank is read and sent in an EVENT report.

  • Page 59: Bank Ff - Special Functions

    RegMACAddr0..25 - this bank holds the MAC addresses of all radios registered to a base or router. Up to 126 MAC addresses can be registered. Each bank parameter can hold up to five MAC addresses, with each MAC address containing three bytes are in little-Endian order. Three-byte segments in a parameter not holding a MAC address with hold a null address: 0x00 0x00 0x00.

  • Page 60: Protocol Mode Configuration Example

    0x0030 9.6 kb/s 0x0060 4.8 kb/s 0x00C0 2.4 kb/s 0x0180 1.2 kb/s Note that if a value of 0x0000 is specified, the maximum data rate of 460.8 kb/s will be selected. MemorySave - writing 0x00 to this location clears all registers back to factory defaults. Writing a 0x01 to this location commits the current register settings to EEPROM.

  • Page 61: Protocol Mode Event Message Example

    4.2.14 Protocol Mode Event Message Example In this example, the IO_ReportInterval is set to 10 seconds and the periodic report timer bit in the IO_ReportTrigger parameter is set on the remote, with MAC address 0x123456. This causes event mes- sages to be sent from this remote every 10 seconds. The IO_ReportInterval and the IO_ReportTrigger parameters are loaded using SetRemoteRegister commands.

  • Page 62: Cct24Dk Developer's Kit

    5.0 CCT24DK Developer’s Kit Figure 5.0.1 shows the main contents of a CCT24DK Developer’s kit: Figure 5.0.1 5.1 CCT24DK Kit Contents Two CCT24 radios installed in DNT interface boards (labeled Base and Remote) • Two installed U.FL coaxial jumper cables and two 2 dBi dipole antennas •...

  • Page 63: Developer's Kit Default Operating Configuration

    5.4 Developer’s Kit Default Operating Configuration The default operating configuration of the CCT24DK developer’s kit is TDMA Mode 2, point-to-point, with transparent serial data at 9.6 kb/s, 8N1. One CCT24 is preconfigured as a base and the other as a re- mote.
  • Page 64 As shown in Figure 5.5.1, there is a jumper on pins J14. This jumper can be removed and a current meter connected across J14 to measure just the CCT24’s current consumption during operation. Figure 5.5.1 Page 64 of 90 CCT24...

  • Page 65: Dnt Demo Utility Program

    There are three serial connectors on the interface boards. The RJ-45 connector provides a high-speed RS232 interface to the CCT24’s main serial port. The USB connector provides an optional interface to the radio’s main serial port. The RJ-11 connector provides a high-speed RS232 interface to the radio’s diag- nostic port.

  • Page 66: Initial Kit Operation

    5.6.1 Initial Kit Operation Create a file folder on the PC and copy the contents of the kit CD into the folder. The DNT Demo utility program runs on the radio’s main port. The preferred PC interface is a serial port capable of operating at 9.6 kb/s or faster.

  • Page 67: Serial Communication And Radio Configuration

    0xC0. See Section 4.2.7 for additional information on the GPIO_SleepState parameter. If any difficulty is encountered in setting up the CCT24DK development kit, contact RFM’s module tech- nical support group. The phone number is +1.678.684.2000. Phone support is available from 8:30 AM to 5:30 PM US Eastern Time Zone, Monday through Friday.
  • Page 68 Connect PCs to both the Base and the Remote for serial communication testing. Click the Stop button under the Refresh Delay label on the I/O Tools tab and move to the Transmit Tools tab, as shown in Figure 5.6.2.1. Figure 5.6.2.1 Pressing the Transmit button on this screen sends the message in the Data to Transmit text box to the selected MAC Address.
  • Page 69 Returning to the I/O Tools tab, the multi-tab Configuration window for each radio can be accessed by clicking on its Config button. The data presented on the first six tabs corresponds to configuration register Banks 0 through 5 as discussed in Section 4.2 above, with the data on the next two tabs corresponding to configuration register Bank 6, the data on the next tab corresponding to Bank 7, the data on the following two tabs corresponding to Bank 8, and the data on the last tab corresponding to Bank 9.
  • Page 70 from the keyboard, and then pressing the Apply Changes button. Note that Bank 1 holds configuration parameters for the base only except for ARQ_Mode, which applies to both the base and the remotes. Figure 5.6.2.4 Figure 5.6.2.4 shows the Status tab contents, corresponding to Bank 2. Note the Status tab contains read-only parameters.
  • Page 71 Figure 5.6.2.6 Figure 5.6.2.6 shows the Protocol tab contents, corresponding to Bank 4. Transparent data serial com- munication is currently chosen. Figure 5.6.2.7 Figure 5.6.2.7 shows the I/O Peripherals tab contents, corresponding to Bank 5. GPIO ports 1 through 5 are logic low, GPIO port 0 is logic high.
  • Page 72 Figure 5.6.2.8 Figure 5.6.2.8 shows the first I/O Setup tab contents, corresponding to Bank 6 GPIO parameters. This tab allows the direction of the GPIO ports to be set both for active and sleep modes, and in the case of GPIO outputs, the initial power up states and sleep mode states to be set.
  • Page 73 Figure 5.6.2.10 Figure 5.6.2.10 shows the Auth List tab, where the MAC addresses of the remotes authorized to join the network in AuthMode 1 are input into Bank 7. Figure 5.6.2.11 Figure 5.6.2.11 shows the first Routing Table tab, which displays part of the contents of Bank 8. This bank contains the tree-routing active router ID table, which is maintained by a base for its system.
  • Page 74 Figure 5.6.2.12 Figure 5.6.2.12 shows the second Routing Table tab, which displays the rest of the contents of Bank 8. Figure 5.6.2.13 Figure 5.6.2.13 shows the Registered tab, which displays the first seven parameters in Bank 9. This bank holds the MAC addresses of all radios registered to a base or router. Up to 126 MAC addresses can be registered.

  • Page 75: Dnt Wizard Utility Program

    5.7 DNT Wizard Utility Program DNT Wizard is a complementary program to DNTDemo that emphasizes the details of serial commu- nication between a CCT24 and its host computer. The DNT Wizard start-up window is shown in Figure 5.7.1. Figure 5.7.1 DNT Wizard uses three Function keys: F1 toggles the SLEEP/DTR input to the CCT24 on and off.
  • Page 76 Click on Connect to open the Select Comm Port Settings dialog box, as shown in Figure 5.7.2. Set the baud rate to 9600 (9.6 kb/s). Set the CommPort to match the serial port connected to the Base, either the hardware port or the USB virtual serial port. Then click OK to activate the serial connection. Figure 5.7.2 At this point the Wizard will collect data from the Base, filling in data under Current Settings as shown in Figure 5.7.3.
  • Page 77 There are three tabs on the DNT Wizard main window: Receive Data, Transmit Data and Wincom. Figure 5.7.4 Received messages are displayed in the Receive Data tab, along with the MAC address of the sender and the RSSI (signal strength) of the received message in dBm. See Figure 5.7.4. Page 77 of 90 CCT24...
  • Page 78 Figure 5.7.5 The Transmit Data tab is shown in Figure 5.7.5. The message to send is input in the Data to Transmit text box. The address to send the message can be chosen or input in the MAC Addr drop-down box. Note that the MAC address a remote uses for the base is always 0x000000.
  • Page 79 Figure 5.7.6 As shown in Figure 5.7.6, the Wincom tab provides the basic functionality of a serial terminal program. Messages typed in are sent, and messages received are appended to the bottom of the on-screen text. Page 79 of 90 CCT24...
  • Page 80 The multi-tab Configuration window is accessed by clicking on its Config button. The data presented on the first six tabs corresponds to configuration register Banks 0 through 5 as discussed in Section 4.2 above, with the data on the next two tabs corresponding to configuration register Bank 6, the data on the next tab corresponding to Bank 7, the data on the following two tabs corresponding to Bank 8, and the data on the last tab corresponding to Bank 9.
  • Page 81 Details of the File, View and Tools menus are shown in Figure 5.7.8. Figure 5.7.8 The Tools menu contains two very useful items. Packet Builder opens the window shown in Figure 5.7.9. On the left, the Packet Type drop-down box provides a selection of all packet types used in the CCT24 protocol.
  • Page 82 Figure 5.7.10 shows the Raw Packet and Raw Packet Reply tabs. Components of the protocol messages are shown in hexadecimal format. Log Data controls the log file. Logging is enabled by default. The log file created is logfile.dat, and is in ASCII text format.

  • Page 83: Cct24 Interface Board Features

    5.8 CCT24 Interface Board Features Amber DCD LED D4 illuminates on a remote to indicate it is registered with the base and can participate in RF communications. DCD LED D4 illuminates on the base when one or more remotes are registered to it, unless the base has been configured to assert DCD on power up.
  • Page 84 Jumper pin sets J12 and J13 normally have shorting plugs installed as shown in Figure 5.8.2, which connects the CCT24 RADIO_TXD and RADIO_RXD pins to the respective serial data lines on the evalua- tion board. It is possible to connect directly to RADIO_TXD and RADIO_RXD by moving the jumpers over.

  • Page 85: Demonstration Procedure

    6.0 Demonstration Procedure The procedure below provides a quick demonstration of the CCT24 using a CCT24DK development kit: 1. Confirm that each CCT24 transceiver is installed correctly in an interface board, and that the U.FL jumpers between the CCT24 radios and the interface boards are installed. Also confirm that a di- pole antenna is installed on each interface board, and that J14 has a jumper block installed on each interface board.

  • Page 86: Troubleshooting

    7.0 Troubleshooting CCT24 not responding - make sure SLEEP/DTR is not asserted (logic low) to bring the radio out of sleep mode. Can not enter protocol mode - make sure the host data rate is correct. The CCT24 defaults to 9.6 kb/s. If using the EnterProtocolMode command, send the complete protocol format for this command.
  • Page 87 A sample FSTAT output for 37 channel operation is shown below. The status data is order from the lowest operating frequency on the left to the highest operating frequency on the right. An ASCII CR-LF terminates each line. On most frequencies, DataTx and AckRx occur on the same frequency (‘3’). Occa- sionally there is DataTx, AckRx and RegRx activity (‘7’), DataTx only activity (‘1’), or no activity (‘.’).
  • Page 88 A sample INSTR output is shown below. 896> 21 01 DA 98 00 01 01 940> 0A 03 DA 9C 00 01 23 9E2> 1D 03 DA 99 00 03 23 A8A> 1E 01 D6 9F 00 03 21 B36> 11 03 D6 99 00 03 23 Looking a the first line in detail: 896>...

  • Page 89: Appendices

    8.0 Appendices 8.1 Ordering Information CCT24: transceiver module for pin-socket mounting 8.2 Technical Support For CCT24 technical support call RFM at (678) 684-2000 between the hours of 8:30 AM and 5:30 PM Eastern Time. Page 89 of 90 CCT24...

  • Page 90: Warranty

    SALE OR SUPPLYING OF THE GOODS. THE FOREGOING WARRANTY EXTENDS TO BUYER ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE APPLICABLE TO ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, CUSTOMERS OF BUYERS. www.RFM.com Technical support +1.678.684.2000 Page 90 of 90 © 2009-2011 by RF Monolithics, Inc.

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