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- Page 1 MEPS − Televisions April 2005 Page 1 of 33 A study produced for the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority by Wise Analysis Ltd...
- Page 2 Australia affecting the appliance and equipment market. The Australian Greenhouse Office (AGO) is committed to implement minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for televisions (TVs) with voluntary energy labelling. Presently the intention is for MEPS and voluntary energy labelling to be introduced in October 2006.
- Page 3 MEPS − Televisions Performance Standards − Televisions Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority Disclaimer While every attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material in this report, the authors make no warranty as to the accuracy, completeness or usefulness for any particular purpose of the material in this report; and they accept no liability for errors of fact or opinion in this report, whether or not due to negligence on the part of any party.
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Page 4: Table Of Contents
MEPS − Televisions Minimum Energy Performance Standards − Televisions Executive Summary Introduction Background Product Description General Transmission Types Television Types Sources of Product Market Profile All Television Types Wide-screen Televisions Summary Energy Consumption Household Energy Consumption Trends in TV Power consumption... - Page 5 List of Figures Figure 1 − Chart of Television Set Numbers in New Zealand. Figure 2 − Power Usage Figures for Televisions in New Zealand − BAU and MEPS. Figure 3 − Savings in CO Emissions − BAU and MEPS.
- Page 6 MEPS − Televisions GLOSSARY Australian Greenhouse Office Australian and New Zealand Australian Standard AS/NZS Joint Australian and New Zealand standard Business as Usual BRANZ Building Research Association of New Zealand Carbon dioxide equivalent Comparative label A type of product label that indicates not only that the product meets specific energy or environmental criteria, but allows comparison between products by ranking.
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Page 7: Executive Summary
New Zealand imports all of its TVs, and has done so since 1990-91, and Australia is also now primarily an importer of televisions. The main source for New Zealand supply is China, with a smaller number originating in Europe, Japan, and Korea. - Page 8 MEPS − Televisions April 2005 The effect of the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Agreement means that goods that are acceptable for sale in one jurisdiction can legally be sold anywhere in Australia and New Zealand. If Australia has a mandatory MEPS regime − which now seems unlikely − and New Zealand does not, theoretically it would be possible to import non-compliant TVs to Australia although the dangers are more apparent than real.
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Page 9: Introduction
Office Money Isn’t All You’re Saving, Australia’s Standby Power Strategy 2002-2012, MCE Where ever the term “televisions” appears in this report without further descriptive information, the term covers all television types, including digital, wide screen, plasma, rear projection, CRT, etc. -
Page 10: Product Description
2 Product Description 2.1 General Analogue colour televisions using cathode ray tube (CRT) technology are currently the most common form of television used in the residential sector in both New Zealand and Australia. They are based on the European PAL system with free to air broadcasts using VHF and UHF bands. -
Page 11: Transmission Types
A summary of the options available to consumers is as follows: 2.2 Transmission Types The type of transmission affects the configuration of televisions and thus the features supplied, which in turn affects the power consumption of the set. (a) Analogue This is currently the most widely available transmission option that comes at no additional cost to the consumer other than the initial purchase of a television unit. - Page 12 While the sales volume of slimline televisions in New Zealand in 2003 was 5.2% compared with 95% CRT, by 2004 this had increased to 9.6% slimline televisions. Sales of LCD TVs in Australia have also been low to date, largely because of their cost, but recent improvements to LCD technology and an international trend toward LCD televisions may see prices fall and the market share increase.
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Page 13: Sources Of Product
Regular televisions have a width to height ratio (or aspect ratio) of 4:3, whereas widescreen televisions have an aspect ratio of 16:9, making the unit almost twice as wide as it is high. A VCR normally shows videos in the standard format, while a DVD player has options to enable the user to watch movies in wide-screen format. - Page 14 MEPS − Televisions Data on the overall ownership profile for televisions in New Zealand became limited when licensing ceased in 1999, and data collection is now only carried out by Statistics New Zealand and through surveys by firms such as A C Nielsen, all of whom charge for detailed information.
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Page 15: Wide-Screen Televisions
4.9% to 8.7% between 2003 and 2004, an increase of 77%, compared with an increase in CRT sets of only 20%. This suggests that both slimline and wide-screen televisions are increasing their market share in New Zealand rapidly at the expense of traditional CRT models. -
Page 16: Energy Consumption
4 Energy Consumption 4.1 Household Energy Consumption The impacts of policies to improve the efficiency of televisions is based largely on future sales of TVs, and changes to the efficiency of these technologies over the next 15 to 20 years given current life expectations of these appliances of seven years. - Page 17 Total all households * Second and subsequent TVs are assumed to use 50% of this figure. Total energy consumption of all televisions in Australia is estimated at 1,055 GWh pa in 2003 (Harrington & Foster 1999 ), and is estimated to increase to 1,361 GWh by 2010. The proportion of total household energy use attributed to televisions is also estimated to be 5% −...
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Page 18: Trends In Tv Power Consumption
The various television types are discussed below. (a) Standard CRT Televisions The data in MEPS-TV (Fig 2ff) shows that the majority of televisions use between 50W and 100W although 2003 saw an increase in those using less than 50W in-use. Average in-use power consumption fell significantly from 2001 from 2002 to 2003 and 2003-04 from around 88W to 79W, a reduction of some 10%. -
Page 19: Technology Scope For Energy Efficiency
MEPS − Televisions (e) Set top boxes Figures for US set top box power usage were given in Rainer et al 2004. Table 7: Average Set Top Box Power Levels Type Analogue cable Digital cable Satellite Internet Protocol TV Digital TV adaptor They say that “Reducing the energy use of set-top boxes is complicated by their... -
Page 20: Standards Development
Australia and is recognized in New Zealand. It addresses standby power consumption primarily of office equipment but not currently in-use consumption. In Europe, there are a number of initiatives that target power consumption in televisions. The Group for Energy Efficient Appliances (GEEA), which is made up of representatives from... -
Page 21: Mandatory Programs
Technology Industry Association and is now known as the European Information, Communications and Consumer Electronics Technology Industry Associations (EICTA). The updated agreement covers CRT based televisions, non CRT based televisions and DVD’s and now addresses on mode consumption in addition to standby. The aim is to reduce standby power consumption to a maximum of 1W by 2007. - Page 22 MEPS − Televisions Table 8 Summary of Testing Standards and Energy Efficiency Programs Summary − International Standards and Programs Testing standards are now available for standby power measurement, but no standards currently exist for energy consumption in-use. Voluntary programs such as Energy Star only target standby energy use. The Energy Efficiency Index promoted in Europe covers in-use mode and at least 20% of European sets comply.
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Page 23: Economic Implications
MEPS − Televisions Economic Implications Energy Cost Savings The key driver for introducing a MEPS regime is the achievement of savings in the cost of energy used in TVs, both the on and standby modes. In arriving at a set of figures to carry out the economic analysis a number of assumptions were necessary: •... -
Page 24: Trans-Tasman Trade Agreement
2,000,000 1,000,000 Figure 2 − Energy Usage Figures for Televisions in New Zealand − BAU and MEPS. The total energy saved is 8 GWh in 2006, when MEPS is introduced, rising to 29 GWh in 2025. The cumulative energy savings between 2006 and 2025 is 392 GWh, and the net present value of these savings at a discount rate of 10% based on a current energy cost of 7.3 c/kWh is... - Page 25 MEPS − Televisions from the Australia New Zealand Trade Ministers' Meeting in 2003 stated that: “To this end, we are committed to ensuring that the Arrangement is supported by the continued development of joint Australian and New Zealand standards. We recognise the importance of joint standards to our business communities.”...
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Page 26: Policy And Program Approaches To Improve Energy Efficiency
MEPS − Televisions Policy and Program Approaches to Improve Energy Efficiency Table 9: Summary of program approaches/policy tools 10.1 Information Programs As in Australia, apart from the ENERGY STAR program which will be familiar to workers in office environment, or those using personal computers, there are no other programs currently in New Zealand addressing the issue of energy efficiency of TVs. - Page 27 MEPS − Televisions April 2005 consumer information similar to that currently applied to whitegoods, but in a format regulated by standards. A MEPS regime is a government regulatory programme that not only covers labelling but actively excludes from the market products that do not meet minimum energy performance standards.
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Page 28: Costs Of Meps
MEPS − Televisions 10.4 Costs of MEPS The Australian TV MEPS report did not address this issue, but stated: “A full economic study has not been conducted, as this usually is undertaken as part of the Regulatory Impact Statement (RIS) process when more information is available. However, it is worth noting that when mandatory programs are implemented through regulations, the requirements apply equally to manufacturers and importers. -
Page 29: Recommended Policy Options For New Zealand
11.2 MEPS A MEPS for televisions in New Zealand should be implemented in tandem with Australia. Consultation with the importers and major retailers will be necessary to ensure that there is no undue resistance to the scheme, to maximise compliance and adherence to the principles of the scheme. -
Page 30: Consultation
New Zealand. Summary − Recommended Policy Options for New Zealand A MEPS for televisions in New Zealand should be implemented in tandem with Australia which is now likely to implement a voluntary scheme. The MEPS should cover both on- mode and standby energy consumption. -
Page 31: Implementation Program
2006. 13 Summary and Conclusions Televisions use around 320 GWh per year in energy, and the current stock of TVs is less efficient than present day sets, being largely CRT-based. Newer LCD slimline sets can offer reduced power consumption, but even within a particular set type there is a range of energy use depending on the efficiency of the designs used, and the consumers’... - Page 32 MEPS − Televisions The benefits to New Zealand would accrue in energy savings, and avoided carbon charges over the next 20 years with net present values of: • Energy Savings • Carbon emissions saved The costs of such a scheme would be largely funded by retailers and consumers, and could cost $25,000 in administration per annum.
- Page 33 MEPS − Televisions April 2005 APPENDIX A − Potential Stakeholders Stakeholders with an interest in the future development of Television regulations include manufacturers/importers, government agencies, retailers and industry associations. A list of potential stakeholders is provided below. Importers/Manufacturers Fujitsu Grundig...