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For most soil types.
The animal receives a shock when it completes a circuit between the fence and the
ground system. The fence above has all live wires and requires conductive soils.
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For dry, sandy or frozen ground conditions, where soil conductivity is low.
The animal receives a shock when it completes a circuit between a live wire and a
ground wire. The fence above has both live wires and ground wires (not insulated to the
post). The ground wire is connected back to the grounding system.
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