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Appendix
Health Tips - About Body Water
Body water is the single most important component of body weight. It represents over
half of your total weight and almost two thirds of your lean body mass (predominantly
muscle). Water performs a number of important roles in the body:
All the cells in the body, whether in the skin, glands, muscles, brain or anywhere else,
can only function properly if they have enough water. Water also plays a vital part in
regulating the body's temperature balance, particularly through perspiration.
The combination of your weight and fat measurement could appear to be 'normal' but
your body hydration level could be insufficient for healthy living.
The table as follows may be used as a guide:
Table of Body Water Level (Unit: %)
b) The body water percentage (%): 43%-73%/0.1%
Source: Derived from Wang & Deurenberg: "Hydration of fat-free body mass". American Journal
Clin Nutr 1999,69833-841.
BF % RANGE
OPTIMAL TBW % RANGE
4 to 14%
70 to 63%
15 to 21%
63 to 57%
Men
22 to 24%
57 to 55%
25 and over
55 to 37%
4 to 20%
70 to 58%
21 to 29%
58 to 52%
Women
30 to 32%
52 to 49%
33 and over
49 to 37%
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Health Tips - About Muscle Mass
According to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), lean muscle mass may
decrease by nearly 50 percent between the age of 20 and 90. If you do nothing with it
you're losing muscle and increasing fat. It is also important to know your muscle mass %
during weight reduction. At rest, the body burns approximately 110 additional calories for
each kilo of muscle gained. Benifits of gaining muscle mass include:
• Reversing the decline in strength, bone density and muscle mass with aging
• Maintenance of flexible joints
• Guide weight reduction when combined with a healthy diet.
The table as follows may be used as a guide:
Muscle Mass Percentage
(Source: International Commission on Radiological Protection,1975)
Men
Women
Health Tips - About Bone Mass
Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help maintain healthy bones. Like muscle,
bone is a living tissue that can respond to exercise by becoming stronger. For most
people, bone mass peaks in their thirties. Then people begin to lose bone. Regular
exercise can help prevent that loss.
Calcium and vitamin D, good sources of which are dairy products, green leafy
vegetables and fish, contribute to healthy bones.
The bone mass readings given by this product are anestimation of the amount of bone in
your body. Those with osteoporosis or low bone densities may not get accurate
estimations. If you have any concern regarding your bones please consult your doctor
timely.
The table as follows may be used as a guide:
Bone Mass Percentage
(Source: Rico et al.1993)
The average bone mass percentage for both men and women is between 4 to 5%.
Approximately 40% of total body weight
Approximately 30% of total body weight
Appendix
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