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Cyclades Access Router -PR2000 Installation Manual

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Cyclades-PR2000
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Access Router
Cyclades Corporation

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  • Page 1 Cyclades-PR2000 Installation Manual Access Router Cyclades Corporation...
  • Page 2 Cyclades-PR2000 Installation Manual Version 1.2 – May 2002 Copyright (C) Cyclades Corporation, 1998 - 2002 We believe the information in this manual is accurate and reliable. However, we assume no responsibility, financial or otherwise, for any consequences of the use of this Installation Manual. This manual is published by Cyclades Corporation, which reserves the right to make improvements or changes in the products described in this manual as well as to revise this publication at any time and without notice to any person of such revision or change.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL ... 7 Installation Assumptions ... 8 Text Conventions ... 8 Icons ... 9 Cyclades Technical Support and Contact Information ... 10 CHAPTER 2 WHAT IS IN THE BOX ... 12 CHAPTER 3 USING CYROS MENUS ... 14 Connection Using the Console Cable and a Computer or Terminal ...
  • Page 4 Cyclades-PR2000 The IP Protocol... 49 The Transparent Bridge Protocol ... 51 CHAPTER 8 DATA-LINK PROTOCOLS (ENCAPSULATION) ... 52 PPP (The Point-to-Point Protocol) ... 52 CHAR ... 54 PPPCHAR ... 55 HDLC ... 55 Frame Relay ... 55 X.25 ... 60 X.25 with PAD (Packet Assembler/Disassembler) ...
  • Page 5 Cyclades-PR2000 Creation of user accounts and passwords ... 87 IP Accounting ... 89 CHAPTER 11 NAT (NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION) ... 90 Types of Address Translation ... 92 CHAPTER 12 RULES AND FILTERS ... 96 Configuration of IP Filters ... 96 Traffic Rule Lists ...
  • Page 6 Cyclades-PR2000 Testing the WAN Interfaces ... 123 APPENDIX B HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS ... 126 General Specifications ... 126 External Interfaces ... 127 The WAN Interfaces ... 127 The LAN Interface ... 127 The Asynchronous Interface ... 128 The Console Interface ... 128 Cables ...

  • Page 7: Chapter 1 How To Use This Manual

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL Three Cyclades manuals are related to the PR2000. 1 The Quick Installation Manual -- provided with the router, 2 The Installation Manual -- available electronically on the Cyclades web site, 3 The CyROS Reference Guide -- also available electronically on the Cyclades web site. CyROS stands for the Cyclades Routing Operating System.

  • Page 8: Installation Assumptions

    Cyclades-PR2000 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules - demonstrates how to protect your router from undesired traffic. Chapter 13 - IPX - presents the hidden menus available only in routers with IPX activated. Chapter 14 - Virtual Private Network - describes CyROS’ VPN implementation. Appendix A - Troubleshooting - provides solutions and tests for typical problems.

  • Page 9: Icons

    Cyclades-PR2000 Convention Description CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>L A combination of menu items, with the last being either a menu item, a parameter, or a command. In this example, L lists the interface configuration. <INTERFACE> A variable menu item that depends on hardware options or a choice of hardware or software options.

  • Page 10: Cyclades Technical Support And Contact Information

    Cyclades-PR2000 Cyclades Technical Support and Contact Information All Cyclades products include limited free technical support, software upgrades and manual updates. These updates and the latest product information are available at: http://www.cyclades.com ftp://ftp.cyclades.com/pub/cyclades Before contacting us for technical support on a configuration problem, please collect the information listed below.
  • Page 11 Cyclades-PR2000 The mailing address and general phone numbers for Cyclades Corporation are: Cyclades Corporation Phone: + 01 (510) 770-9727 Fax: + 01 (510) 770-0355 41829 Albrae Street Fremont, CA 94538 Chapter 1 - How to Use This Manual...

  • Page 12: Chapter 2 What Is In The Box

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 2 WHAT IS IN THE BOX The Cyclades-PR2000 is accompanied by the following accessories: Power Cable To Wall Outlet RS-232 Modem Gender Changer Cyclades-PR2000 Quick Installation Manual FIGURE 2.1 CYCLADES-PR2000 AND CABLES Chapter 2 - What is in the Box Back Panel of PR2000 WAN 1 WAN 1...
  • Page 13 Cyclades-PR2000 Quick Installation Manual • Installation Manual & Reference Guide (on CD) • Two straight-through cables • Two V.35 Adapters • Figure 2.1 shows which cables are used for each type of modem and how everything should be connected. The pinout diagrams of these cables are provided in Appendix B of the Installation Manual. The RJ-45 to DB- 25 adapter cable, which must be purchased separately, is shown in Figure 2.2.

  • Page 14: Chapter 3 Using Cyros Menus

    Cyclades-PR2000 Chapter 3 Using CyROS Menus This chapter explains CyROS menu navigation and special keys. There are four ways to interact with CyROS: • Traditional menu interface using a console or Telnet session, • CyROS Management Utility based on interactive HTML pages, •...
  • Page 15 Cyclades-PR2000 Once the console connection is correctly established, a Cyclades banner and login prompt should appear on the terminal screen. If nothing appears, see the first section of the troubleshooting appendix for help. The second step is to log in. The preset super-user user ID is “super” and the corresponding preset password is “surt”.

  • Page 16: Special Keys

    Cyclades-PR2000 Special Keys <Enter> or <Ctrl+M> These keys are used to end the input of a value. <ESC> or <Ctrl+I> These keys are used to cancel a selection or return to the previous menu. In some isolated cases, this key jumps to the next menu in a series of menus at the same level.

  • Page 17: The Cyros Management Utility

    Cyclades-PR2000 The CyROS Management Utility After one of the interfaces has been connected and configured, there is another way to interact with CyROS. Type the IP address in the location field in an HTML browser of a PC connected locally or remotely through the configured interface.
  • Page 18 Cyclades-PR2000 The link Configuration Menu Interface will present an HTML version of the CyROS Main Menu, described previously. Clicking on an interface will show its current status and some additional information. Clicking on End HTTP Session will terminate the connection. Chapter 3 - Using CyROS Menus...

  • Page 19: Chapter 4 Step-By-Step Instructions For Common Applications

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 4 STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMMON APPLICATIONS This chapter provides detailed examples that can be used as models for similar applications. Turn to the example that is closest to your application, read the explanations, and fill in the blank spaces with parameters appropriate to your system.
  • Page 20 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP ONE The first step is to determine the parameters needed to configure the Ethernet interface (ETH0). The parameters in the Network Protocol Menu (IP) are shown in Figure 4.2. Fill in the blanks for your application in the right-most column. These parameters will be entered into the router later, after all parameters have been chosen.
  • Page 21 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP TWO No more parameters are necessary for the Ethernet interface. The other interface to be configured is the SWAN. The SWAN physical media parameters are shown in Figure 4.3. Fill in the values for your application. The SWAN configuration is described in more detail in chapter 6 of the Installation Manual. Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>PHYSICAL Parameter Example...
  • Page 22 Cyclades-PR2000 Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP Parameter Example Active or Inactive Active enables IP communication (IPX and Transparent Bridge are not used in this example). Interface Unnumbered/ Numbered Numbered Primary IP Address 0.0.0.0 (This number will be assigned by the Access Provider dynamically.) Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Secondary IP Address...
  • Page 23 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP FOUR The Encapsulation parameters for PPP are less straight-forward. Many of them are based on decisions that cannot be shown in a diagram. Fortunately, the choices made here will mostly effect the performance of the link, rather than whether it works or not. Fill in the parameters appropriate for your system, consulting chapter 8 of the Installation Manual for more information if necessary.
  • Page 24 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP FIVE A static route must be added to tell the router that all traffic not intended for the local LAN should be sent to the Access Provider. Chapter 9 of the Installation Manual explains static routes and other routing methods available in CyROS.
  • Page 25 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP SEVEN NAT parameters will now be determined for routing outside of the local LAN. Network Address Translation maps the local IP addresses, registered in the local address range menu below, to the one global IP address assigned by the access provider. Local IP addresses not indicated in this menu will be discarded. Menu CONFIG =>SECURITY =>NAT =>LOCAL ADDRESS =>ADD RANGE Parameter Example...
  • Page 26 Cyclades-PR2000 Instructions for creating a backup of the configuration file. Use the menu option ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION =>TO FTP SERVER. Fill in the IP address of the computer where the configuration file should be saved, the file name, the directory name, and the user account information.

  • Page 27: Example 2 A Lan-To-Lan Example Using Frame Relay

    Cyclades-PR2000 Example 2 A LAN-to-LAN Example Using Frame Relay This section will guide you through a complete router installation for the connection of two LANs via Frame Relay. Figure 4.9 shows the example system used in this section. Spaces have been provided next to the parameters needed for the configuration where you can fill in the parameters for your system.
  • Page 28 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP ONE The first step is to determine the parameters needed to configure the Ethernet interface (ETH0). The parameters in the Network Protocol Menu (IP) are shown in Figure 4.10. Fill in the blanks for your application in the right-most column. These parameters will be entered into the router later, after all parameters have been chosen.
  • Page 29 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP TWO No more parameters are necessary for the Ethernet interface. The other interface to be configured is the SWAN in slot 1. The SWAN physical media parameters are shown in Figure 4.11. Fill in the values for your application.
  • Page 30 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP THREE The network protocol parameters, shown in Figure 4.12, are similar to those for the Ethernet interface. Fill in the parameters for your network in the right-most column. Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP Parameter Example Active or Inactive Active enables IP communication (IPX and Transparent Bridge are not used in this example).
  • Page 31 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP FOUR The Encapsulation parameters for Frame Relay are less straight-forward. Many of them are based on decisions that cannot be shown in a diagram. Fortunately, the choices made here will mostly effect the performance of the link, rather than whether it works or not. Fill in the parameters appropriate for your system, consulting chapter 8 of the Installation Manual for more information if necessary.
  • Page 32 Cyclades-PR2000 Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>ENCAPSULATION=>FRAME RELAY=><ESC>=>ADD DLCI Parameter Example DLCI Number Sixteen. This number is supplied by the Public Frame Relay network provider. Frame Relay Address Map Static, which maps one IP address to this DLCI. IP Address 200.240.230.1 Enable Predictor Yes, if Cyclades routers are used on both Compression ends of the link and Predictor Compression is enabled on both routers.
  • Page 33 Cyclades-PR2000 Menu CONFIG=>STATIC ROUTES=>IP=>ADD ROUTE Parameter Example Destination IP Address 15.0.0.0 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Gateway or Interface gateway Gateway IP Address 200.240.230.1 Metric One -- number of routers between router being configured and the destination IP address. Is This a Backup Route? OSPF Advertises This Static Route FIGURE 4.15 STATIC ROUTE MENU PARAMETERS...
  • Page 34 Cyclades-PR2000 Instructions for creating a backup of the configuration file. Use the menu option ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION =>TO FTP SERVER. Fill in the IP address of the computer where the configuration file should be saved, the file name, the directory name, and the user account information.

  • Page 35: Example 3 Link Backup

    Cyclades-PR2000 Example 3 Link Backup This example shows the configuration of a backup link, with a swan connection to a public Frame Relay Network providing the primary link and a SWAN with a PPP connection providing the secondary link. Figure 4.16 shows the networks used in this example.
  • Page 36 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP ONE The bandwidth used by CyROS for multilink circuit calculations is that given in the traffic control menu, rather than the actual physical bandwidth available. If this bandwidth value is not set, the preset value (zero) will be used and the multilink circuit will not function.
  • Page 37 Cyclades-PR2000 Menu CONFIG=>MULTILINK=>MULTILINK CIRCUIT NUMBER=>ADD/MODIFY INTERFACE Parameter Example Slot N SWAN 1 Type of Interface Main Time to Activate Backup After This Link Goes Down Time to Deactivate Backup After This Link Returns FIGURE 4.18 ADDITION OF THE PRIMARY (MAIN) LINK Menu CONFIG=>MULTILINK=>MULTILINK CIRCUIT NUMBER=>ADD/MODIFY INTERFACE Parameter Example...
  • Page 38 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP THREE Up to this point, the configuration can be used either for link back up or for load back up. This example shows link back up, but parameters applicable to load back up will be mentioned when they appear. Complete information on the multilink circuit concept is provided in chapter 4 of the CyROS Reference Guide.
  • Page 39 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP FOUR Now, a static backup route must be created for the secondary link. It is assumed that a route of some sort (static, RIP, etc.) already exists for the primary link. The static route parameters for the example secondary link are shown in Figure 4.21.
  • Page 40 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP SIX The multilink circuit can be tested by temporarily deactivating the interface on the primary link. This is done in the ADMIN=> START/STOP INTERFACE menu by selecting the SWAN interface. If there is traffic, the backup link should then take over, and the menu item INFO =>SHOW ROUTING TABLE will show that the backup link is working.

  • Page 41: Chapter 5 Configuration Of The Ethernet Interface

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 5 CONFIGURATION OF THE ETHERNET INTERFACE The PR2000 has one Ethernet 10Base-T interface, provided in a standard RJ-45 modular jack, which should be connected to an Ethernet hub or switch. Use a standard 10Base-T straight-through cable (not included). When the Ethernet link is correctly connected, the link LED will be lit.
  • Page 42 Cyclades-PR2000 Network Protocol Menu (Continued) Parameter Description Secondary IP Applies to Numbered interfaces. Indicates a second (or third, etc. up to eight) IP Address address that can be used to refer to this interface. This parameter and the next are repeated until no value is entered.

  • Page 43: Ip Bridge

    Cyclades-PR2000 IP Bridge An IP Bridge is used to divide a network without subnetting. Whenever a subnetwork is created, two IP numbers are lost — one describing the network and the other reserved for broadcast. This does not occur with an IP Bridge.

  • Page 44: Other Parameters

    Cyclades-PR2000 Network Protocol Menu (Continued) -- (IP Bridge) Parameter Description IP Bridge Activates the IP Bridge functionality. The following parameters apply only if IP Bridge is Active . Initial IP Address to Indicates the start of the range of IP addresses to be transferred to another physical be Bridged location.

  • Page 45: Chapter 6 The Swan And Async Interfaces

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 6 THE SWAN AND ASYNC INTERFACES This chapter describes how to configure a SWAN interface. The physical link should be set up as shown in chapter 2, according to the type of modem or device at the other end of the connection and the type of SWAN port.
  • Page 46 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP TWO The second step is to choose a data-link protocol in the Encapsulation Menu. There are many encapsulation options on this interface. For synchronous communication: Frame Relay: the Frame Relay Protocol is based on frame switching and constructs a permanent virtual •...
  • Page 47 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP FOUR If PPP Encapsulation is being used, a type of authentication should be chosen. This is done in the authentication menu. Authentication Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>AUTHENTICATION Parameter Description Authentication Type Local uses the list of users defined in CONFIG=> SECURITY=>USERS=>ADD. Server uses either Radius or Tacacs to authenticate the user.

  • Page 48: Chapter 7 Network Protocols

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 7 NETWORK PROTOCOLS The second step in most interface configurations is to choose which network protocol to use and assign values to the relevant parameters. At least one of IP, Transparent Bridge, or IPX (optional, and discussed in chapter 13) must be activated.

  • Page 49: The Ip Protocol

    Cyclades-PR2000 The IP Protocol If the preset values provided by the operating system are accepted, the interface will work at a basic level. The most common options are explained in the following table. Network Protocol (IP) Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=><LINK>=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP Parameter Description Active or Inactive Activates this interface.
  • Page 50 Cyclades-PR2000 Network Protocol (IP) Menu (Continued) Parameter Description IP MTU Assigns the size of the Maximum Transmission Unit for the interface. This determines whether or not a given IP datagram is fragmented. Determines the type of IP address if NAT is being used. Use Global otherwise. See chapter 13 or the examples in chapter 4 for details on how to configure NAT.

  • Page 51: The Transparent Bridge Protocol

    Cyclades-PR2000 The Transparent Bridge Protocol The Transparent Bridge Protocol can be used in conjunction with either IP or IPX. A detailed explanation of its use appears in section 4.6 of the CyROS Reference Guide. Transparent Bridge Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>TRANSPARENT BRIDGE Parameter Description Status...

  • Page 52: Chapter 8 Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation)

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 8 DATA-LINK PROTOCOLS (ENCAPSULATION) Each encapsulation option is presented in a separate section in this chapter. Not all data-link protocols are available for all interfaces. PPP (The Point-to-Point Protocol) PPP is the only encapsulation option than can be either synchronous or asynchronous. It is important to choose between them in CONFIG =>INTERFACE =><LINK>...
  • Page 53 Cyclades-PR2000 PPP Menu (Continued) Parameter Description Disable LCP Echo LCP (Link Control Protocol) messages are normally exchanged to monitor the status of Requests the link. Disabling these messages reduces traffic, but the link then has no way of knowing if the other end is still connected. Time Interval to Send Config Request messages are used to negotiate the parameters at the start of a PPP Config Requests...

  • Page 54: Char

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAR The configuration of the CHAR data-link protocol is confined to one menu, CONFIG =>INTERFACE =><LINK> =>ENCAPSULATION =>CHAR. Information about all the parameters appearing in this menu is provided in the table below. Not all parameters will appear for all interfaces. CHAR Encapsulation Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE =><LINK>=>ENCAPSULATION =>CHAR Parameter Description...

  • Page 55: Pppchar

    Cyclades-PR2000 PPPCHAR The configuration of the PPPCHAR protocol is contained in the menu CONFIG =>INTERFACE =><LINK> =>ENCAPSULATION =>PPPCHAR. The parameters for PPPCHAR are a combination of those for PPP and CHAR. See the tables describing the PPP and CHAR options for guidance in configuring this protocol. HDLC This data-link protocol is a proprietary alternative to PPP.
  • Page 56 Cyclades-PR2000 The Local Management Interface (LMI) Protocol provides services not available in simple Frame Relay. It is used for controlling the connection between the user and the network. It monitors this link, maintains the list of DLCs, and sends status messages about the PVCs. A separate virtual circuit is created to pass this information (DLCI Frame Relay Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=><LINK>=>ENCAPSULATION =>FRAME RELAY Parameter Description...
  • Page 57 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP TWO After configuring the general parameters, each DLC must be defined. An example will be used to demonstrate the procedure. A public Frame Relay network connecting offices in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, and Recife is shown in Figure 11.1.
  • Page 58 Cyclades-PR2000 São Paulo Network: 192.168.200.0 Router 200.1.1.1 200.1.1.2 Router Salvador Network: 192.168.203.0 FIGURE 8.1 PERMANENT VIRTUAL CIRCUITS BETWEEN OFFICES Chapter 8 - Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation) Rio de Janeiro Network: 192.168.201.0 Router 200.1.1.4 200.1.1.3 Router Recife Network: 192.168.202.0...
  • Page 59 Cyclades-PR2000 Add DLCI Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE =><LINK> =>ENCAPS =>FRAME RELAY => <ESC> =>ADD DLCI Parameter Description DLCI Number Used to identify the DLC. This number is supplied by the Public Frame Relay network provider. The DLCIs are stored in a table which can be seen with the L command. Frame Relay Address Determines the method used for mapping the remote IP address to the Permanent Virtual Circuit.

  • Page 60: X.25

    Cyclades-PR2000 Router / DTE FIGURE 8.2 PUBLIC X.25 NETWORK EXAMPLE X.25 A Cyclades Router can act either as a DTE (Data-terminal Equipment) connected to a public X.25 network or as a DTE or DCE (Data circuit-terminating Equipment) as part of a private X.25 network. The first case is discussed in this chapter.
  • Page 61 Cyclades-PR2000 X.25 Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=><LINK>=>ENCAPSULATION =>X.25 Parameter Description X.121 (Local DTE) Address Address assigned to this interface (provided by the public X.25 Network Provider). Can be up to 15 digits. Switch Mode Active Causes the Router to act as a switch. Applies when Switch Mode is Active .
  • Page 62 Cyclades-PR2000 X.25 Menu (Continued) Parameter Description Packet Size The packet size to be sent across the interface. This number may be negotiated if the Packet Size Facility is utilized (see last parameter in this table). Number of Retries N2 Number of times an information frame can be resent, without response, before the link is considered down.

  • Page 63: With Pad (Packet Assembler/Disassembler)

    Cyclades-PR2000 STEP TWO The next step is to create a static routing table associating each remote X.121 address with an IP address or a TCP Socket location. This is done in the Add DTE menu, which appears at the end of the X.25 parameter list. It can be reached by passing through all X.25 parameters or by using the <ESC>...

  • Page 64: Chapter 9 Routing Protocols

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 9 ROUTING PROTOCOLS Routing Strategies Routing can be done either statically or dynamically. Static Routing Static routing is recommended when the network contains a small number of routers and other equipment. When a system is simple and without redundant links, static routing is the simplest option. Even with some redundant links, a multilink circuit can be created for semi-dynamic routing behavior.

  • Page 65: Static Routes

    Cyclades-PR2000 Static Routes Routers used in very small or simple networks may use static routes as the primary routing method. When RIP or OSPF are used, some static routes may still be needed. Configuration of static routes will be explained using two examples.
  • Page 66 Cyclades-PR2000 Slot 1 Router 1 10.0.0.3 ETH0 FIGURE 9.2 STATIC ROUTING EXAMPLE 2 Figure 9.2 shows another static routing example to explain the Gateway or Interface parameter. Between the two routers is a point-to-point connection. Another network could be created, but is not necessary. Both routers can be assigned unnumbered interfaces, because everything that leaves one router is sent to the other.
  • Page 67 Cyclades-PR2000 Add Static Route Menu CONFIG =>STATIC ROUTES =>IP =>ADD ROUTE Parameter Description Destination IP Address that route will lead to. To configure a default route, type "default" for this Address parameter, otherwise enter 0.0.0.0 in both this and the next parameter. Both Examples -- for the static route between Router 1 and Network 3, the IP address is 192.168.100.0.

  • Page 68: Rip Configuration

    Cyclades-PR2000 RIP Configuration CyROS supports three basic types of RIP: 1 RIP1 [RFC 1058] 2 RIP2 with broadcast (compatible with RIP1) [RFC 1723] 3 RIP2 with multicast [RFC 1723] The primary difference between RIP1 and RIP2 is that only RIP2 advertises subnet masks and next hops. If the network contains equipment that understands only RIP1 packets, then RIP1 or RIP2 with broadcast should be used.

  • Page 69: Ospf

    Cyclades-PR2000 OSPF The OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) routing protocol is significantly more complicated than RIP. The determination of which protocol is better suited to a given network is beyond the scope of this manual. An example network using OSPF is given in Figure 9.3. Router 0 Router 1 Link 1...

  • Page 70: Ospf Configuration On The Interface

    Cyclades-PR2000 First, some definitions: • An Autonomous System (AS) is a portion of the network that will use a single routing strategy. It is made up of a backbone area and optionally of non-backbone areas. • OSPF Areas are sub-systems that have identical routing databases. An area generally has no knowledge of the routing databases of other areas.
  • Page 71 Cyclades-PR2000 OSPF Menu (continued) External Metric Defines the metric that will be advertised by OSPF. External Metric Type For Type 1 , the total metric of this route is composed of the internal metric (inside the autonomous system) and the external metric (provided in the previous parameter). For Type 2 , the total metric of this route is the value provided in the previous parameter.

  • Page 72: Ospf Global Configurations

    Cyclades-PR2000 OSPF Global Configurations STEP THREE After completing the OSPF interface configuration for all interfaces (even those that will not use OSPF), navigate to the OSPF Menu, CONFIG=>IP=>OSPF. Enter into the OSPF Global Commands menu and set the parameters as indicated in the table below. OSPF Global Commands Menu CONFIG =>IP =>OSPF =>GLOBAL Parameter Description...
  • Page 73 Cyclades-PR2000 OSPF Global Commands (Continued) Parameter Description RIP External Metric- Applies when Advertise RIP routes is set to Yes . For Type 1 , the total metric of this Type route is composed of the internal metric (inside the autonomous system) and the external metric (provided in the previous parameter).
  • Page 74 Cyclades-PR2000 Area Menu (continued) Area Range N Status An Area Border Router (ABR) advertises link states for all networks within the area. The number of such advertisements can potentially be reduced by condensing different IP networks into a single range. Area Range N Net Applies when Area Range N Status is Active .
  • Page 75 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP SIX It is not always possible to connect all areas directly to the backbone. When an area is connected to the backbone only through another area, two virtual links must be created. One from the backbone to the unattached area and one from the unattached area to the backbone.

  • Page 76: Bgp-4 Configuration

    Cyclades-PR2000 BGP-4 Configuration The BGP-4 routing protocol is used for routing on the Internet, performed between Autonomous Systems (ASs). An autonomous system is defined as: · A set of routers and networks under the same administration. · An interconnected network, where no router is reachable solely through a path exterior to the AS Each AS is identified by a 16-bit AS number.
  • Page 77 Cyclades-PR2000 The last option is to aggregate the addresses contained in the local autonomous system in order to present an aggregated route to the outside world. This is done in the last step. 8. Aggregate the addresses contained in the AS. The steps defined above will now be clarified.
  • Page 78 Cyclades-PR2000 CONFIG=>IP=>BGP4=>GLOBAL Parameter Description BGP4 Protocol Activates the protocol. Local AS Number This number is assigned by the service provider. Router Identifier Usually the same as the Router ID, one of the interface IP addresses Cluster Identifier Only used when this router is used as a router reflector. Default Local Value of the attribute "local pref"...
  • Page 79 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP TWO The neighbor menu identifies the routers inside and outside the AS that will communicate with the router via BGP- 4. Each update message exchanged between routers contains path attributes. How these path attributes are manipulated by the router when routes are received or sent to each neighbor is determined here. CONFIG=>IP=>BGP4=>NEIGHBOR=>ADD Parameter Description...
  • Page 80 Cyclades-PR2000 CONFIG=>IP=>BGP4=>NEIGHBOR=>ADD (continued) Keepalive Interval between keepalive messages sent to this neighbor. Connection Retry When a connection with this neighbor is broken, the router try to reconnect with Time frequency 1 divided by the Connection Retry Time. Start Time Time delay before router tries to connect Incoming Distribution Applies a distribution access list to update messages received from this neighbor.
  • Page 81 Cyclades-PR2000 PR3000 ......FIGURE 9.5 MULTIPLE ROUTES CONTAINING AS 5 CONFIG=>IP=>BGP4=>ACCESS LIST=>ADD Parameter Description Access List Name Name assigned to list, to indicate which interface and direction it applies to. Access List Type The AS Path type allows filtering by AS number;...
  • Page 82 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP FOUR An access list needs at least one rule. The example in Figure 9.6 shows three access lists, each one with several rules. Each neighbor can be assigned up to 6 access lists, as seen in step 2. Route Map FIGURE 9.6 UPDATE MESSAGE ARRIVING FROM TELE POPEYE PASSING THROUGH 3 FILTERS AND A An update message arriving from the neighbor called Popeye in step 2 will pass through the filters assigned to it...
  • Page 83 Cyclades-PR2000 CONFIG=>IP=>BGP4=>ACCESS LIST=>CONFIGURE RULES=><ACCESS LIST NAME> =>ADD Parameter Description Rule Status Enables the rule. Scope See explanation of this parameter in step 3. Rule AS Position Applies only for Access List Type equal to AS Path. Limits the search on AS number to a particular position in the route.
  • Page 84 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP SIX A route map can either apply to all routes not discarded by the access lists, as shown in Figure 9.6, or to routes filtered by a particular access list, as shown in Figure 9.7. Access list popeye_path type AS Path FIGURE 9.7 ROUTE MAP ASSOCIATED WITH AN ACCESS LIST In figure 9.7, the access list popeye_path is associated with sequence 2 of Route Map 1.
  • Page 85 Cyclades-PR2000 CONFIG=>IP=>BGP4=>ROUTE MAP=>ADD Parameter Description Route Map Number Identifies the route map Sequence Number Identifies the sequence within the route map. The numbers need not be consecutive. Match List Name Associates an access list with this sequence, as shown in the figure above. Weight Alters the weight used to determine the best path.
  • Page 86 Cyclades-PR2000 CONFIG=>IP=>BGP4=>AGGREGATE ADDRESSES=>ADD Parameter Description Number An ID for reference. Address The aggregated address. In the example, 200.50.50.0. Mask (bitlen) The mask for the aggregated address. In the example, 23. AS Set Yes causes the route to be tagged with the AS Set path attribute. Otherwise, the AS Sequence path attribute is assigned.

  • Page 87: Chapter 10 Cyros, The Operating System

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 10 CYROS, THE OPERATING SYSTEM This chapter explains various operating system features that are not covered in other chapters: creation of the host table • creation of user accounts and passwords • IP Accounting • Creation of the host table CyROS allows identification of hosts by name.
  • Page 88 Cyclades-PR2000 Other users can be created and the user “usr” can be assigned a password. The password of the super user should be changed as soon as possible. The menu CONFIG=>SECURITY=>USERS allows addition, deletion, and modification of the list of users. The parameters are: User Name, •...

  • Page 89: Ip Accounting

    Cyclades-PR2000 login name is indicated when the auto user is configured, the user is logged in to the remote host directly (though a password may be necessary, depending on the remote host configuration). IP Accounting IP Accounting is used to count the total number of packets allowed (or not) to pass through an interface. Statistics are given for packets that meet the criterions defined in a rule.

  • Page 90: Chapter 11 Nat (Network Address Translation)

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 11 NAT (NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION) NAT exists to convert local IP addresses into Internet “global” IP addresses. Internet IP addresses are assigned by Internet providers. Due to the explosion of the internet, these numbers are scarce. Certain ranges of IP addresses are reserved for internal use only —...
  • Page 91 Cyclades-PR2000 There are two types of NAT available in CyROS -- Normal NAT and Expanded NAT. This chapter describes Expanded NAT. A description of Normal NAT appears in Chapter 4 of the CyROS Reference Guide. What is the difference between Expanded and Normal Mode NAT? The Normal Mode is a previous implementation of NAT used in the Power Router line.

  • Page 92: Types Of Address Translation

    Cyclades-PR2000 NAT Static Translation Table Global address 200.240.230.225 / 200.240.230.225 / 200.240.230.225 / Types of Address Translation In dynamic address translation, a pool of global IP addresses is loosely related to a pool of local IP addresses. Mapping of one onto the other is done dynamically whenever a computer on the local network requests a connection to the external network.
  • Page 93 Cyclades-PR2000 An overview of the NAT menu is shown in the table below. NAT Menu CONFIG =>SECURITY =>NAT Menu Option Description General Parameters for enabling NAT and choosing the NAT Mode. Also includes port translation option. Global Address The first and last IP addresses in the range. In the example, these numbers are 200.240.230.225 and 200.240.230.238.
  • Page 94 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP TWO The parameters in the Timeout Menu are explained in more detail below. The preset values should be appropriate for most applications. Timeout and Options Menu CONFIG =>SECURITY =>NAT =>TIMEOUT AND OPTIONS Parameter Description UDP Timeout Inactivity time required before a UDP translation is removed from the translation table. An entry is created in the translation table the first time a UDP packet passes through the interface.
  • Page 95 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP FOUR If static translations are to be performed, as described in the example, the parameters in the Static Translation Menu must be set. A brief explanation of each parameter is given in the table. Static Translation Menu CONFIG =>SECURITY =>NAT =>STATIC TRANSLATION => ADD ENTRY Parameter Description Global IP Address...

  • Page 96: Chapter 12 Rules And Filters

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 12 RULES AND FILTERS There are four basic types of rules: 1 IP filter rules, 2 Radius rules (actually a combination of previously defined IP filter rules), 3 traffic control rules, and 4 transparent bridge rules (similar to IP filter rules, but for applications that use a transparent bridge). IP filter rules and traffic control rules will be covered in detail in this chapter.
  • Page 97 Cyclades-PR2000 Config Rules List FIGURE 12.1 THE RULES LIST MENU TREE Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Add Rule List Edit Rule List Same as Add Rule List Configure Rules Rule List Name Add Rule Delete Rule Clear Rule List Edit Rule Rule List Name Rule Status...
  • Page 98 Cyclades-PR2000 Exterior Router Slot 1 ETH0 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3 Bastion Host 10.0.0.0 Figure 12.2 will be used to show how both an exterior router and an interior router would be configured using the filters available in CyROS. Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Perimeter Network 192.168.0.0 192.168.0.1...
  • Page 99 Cyclades-PR2000 Exterior Router The exterior router is the network’s first defense against attacks. For this reason, it is reasonable to prohibit all packets except for those explicitly allowed. This is done by choosing the Default Scope to be Deny . Thus, ALL desired traffic must be expressly allowed by the rules in the rule list.
  • Page 100 Cyclades-PR2000 Steps necessary to activate filtering on the exterior router in the example: 1 There are two interfaces with two directions each. Filtering on link 1 requires the creation of two rule lists, called exterior_in and exterior_out. Create them using the menu CONFIG =>RULES LIST =>IP =>ADD RULE LIST and the following parameters: Rule List Type = Filter Default Scope = Deny...
  • Page 101 Cyclades-PR2000 The configuration for “Let e-mail in” is shown in the following figure (obtained by selecting CONFIG =>RULES LIST =>IP =>L in the menus): Rules Lists Rule List Name Rule exterior_in exterior_out Filter_list Name exterior_in Rule 0 Status Scope Protocol Source IP Operator Destination IP Operator Destination IP start...
  • Page 102 Cyclades-PR2000 Filter_list Name exterior_out Rule 0 Status Scope Protocol Source IP Operator Source IP start Source IP Mask Destination IP Source Port Source Port Start Destination Port Operator Destination Port Start TCP connections allowed Account Process allowed FIGURE 12.4 OUTPUT FOR EXTERIOR ROUTER EXAMPLE (CONTINUED) Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Enabled Permit...
  • Page 103 Cyclades-PR2000 Interior Router If an interior router exists in the network, the administrator may decide to use a Default Scope of Permit . In this case, all undesired traffic must be excluded by a rule in the rule list. In Figure 12.5, a conceptual equivalent of the interface is shown.
  • Page 104 Cyclades-PR2000 The configuration for “Stop forged packets” is shown in the following listing: Rules Lists Rule List Name slot1_in Filter_list Name slot1_in Rule 0 Status Scope Protocol Source IP Operator Source IP start Source IP Mask Destination IP Source Port Operator Destination Port Operator None TCP connections allowed Account Process allowed...

  • Page 105: Traffic Rule Lists

    Cyclades-PR2000 Traffic Rule Lists There are three kinds of traffic rules that can be configured in CyROS. The first two determine a division of bandwidth for traffic flowing out of the router: 1 Traffic Shaping (the division of bandwidth is strictly adhered to), 2 Bandwidth Reservation (the division with the larger priority can steal bandwidth from the others), An example showing the first two types is given in figure 12.6.
  • Page 106 Cyclades-PR2000 The third determines which services have priority flowing through the router: 3 Service Prioritization. An Internet provider has three clients connected to the same router. Client A is larger and without traffic control would overwhelm the router to the exclusion of Clients B and C. The administrator decides to divide the flow out of the router (to the Internet) into three portions: 50% guaranteed for Client A, and the rest divided equally between Clients B and C.
  • Page 107 Cyclades-PR2000 Rules Lists Rule List Name traffic_1 Filter_list Name traffic_1 Rule 0 Status Flow priority Rule bandwidth Bandwidth priority Protocol Source IP Operator Source IP start Source IP Mask Destination IP Operator Source Port Operator Destination Port Operator FIGURE 12.8 OUTPUT SHOWING PARAMETERS FOR TRAFFIC RULE EXAMPLE 1 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Rule Default...
  • Page 108 Cyclades-PR2000 Rule 1 Status Flow Priority Rule bandwidth Bandwidth priority Protocol Source IP Operator Source IP start Source IP Mask Destination IP Operator Source Port Operator Destination Port Operator Rule 2 Status Flow Priority Rule bandwidth Bandwidth priority Protocol Source IP Operator Source IP start Source IP Mask Destination IP...
  • Page 109 Cyclades-PR2000 An example showing the third type of traffic control is given in Figure 12.8. The network administrator wants to prioritize the access to his web server. He also wants to prioritize e-mail sent by his SMTP server, but the priority should be lower.
  • Page 110 Cyclades-PR2000 The configured rules will appear as shown in the following listing. Rules Lists Rule List Rule Default Name Status Scope web_access Enabled Filter_list Name web_access Rule 0 Status Enabled Flow priority Rule bandwidth Bandwidth priority Protocol Source IP Operator None Destination IP None...

  • Page 111: Chapter 13 Ipx (Internetwork Packet Exchange)

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 13 IPX (INTERNETWORK PACKET EXCHANGE) IPX is an alternative to IP, proprietary to Novell. When IPX is activated, many new menus appear to allow configuration of this type of network. IP and IPX can both be active in the router simultaneously, and an interface can have both IP and IPX traffic passing through it.

  • Page 112: Enabling Ipx

    Cyclades-PR2000 Enabling IPX The first step is to activate the IPX feature in the router. This is accomplished using the menu option ADMIN =>ENABLE FEATURES => IPX. The IPX protocol must also be activated in the menu CONFIG =>IPX => GENERAL.

  • Page 113: X.25

    Cyclades-PR2000 The parameter Send SAP Update can be set to Demand, Periodic, or None. This parameter affects both SAP and RIP. Periodic causes the router to send these messages every minute, while choosing Demand will cause the router to send messages only when a message request is received. Frame Relay Frame Relay parameters are explained in chapter 8.

  • Page 114: The Sap (Service Advertisement Protocol) Table

    Cyclades-PR2000 The routing table is displayed by the menu option INFO => SHOW ROUTING TABLE => IPX. For the example, and using only the static route created above, the routing table appears as in Figure 13.2. Destination Interface/ Subinterface/ Remote address 00000001 00A0B000 Ethernet...

  • Page 115: Chapter 14 Virtual Private Network Configuration

    Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 14 VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK CONFIGURATION The Virtual Private Network utility can be used on any link using IP routing. It is used to provide greater security between two or more networks connected through a public communications network. The basic concepts are presented in Figure 14.1.
  • Page 116 Cyclades-PR2000 An example showing a local security network and two remote security networks is shown in Figure 14.2. The PR2000 in the local security network will be configured step by step. (Which network is considered local and which network is considered remote depends on the router being configured.) STEP ONE The Virtual Private Network Utility must be Enabled in the ADMIN =>ENABLE FEATURES =>VPN menu before it can be used.
  • Page 117 Cyclades-PR2000 LOCAL SECURITY NETWORK IP: 1 0.0.0.0 RSG3 - Remote Security Gateway Router Link 2 IP: 190.190.190.1 ..ETH0 ....PR3000 Router IP Address: 190.190.190.1 FIGURE 14.2 VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK EXAMPLE Chapter 14 - Virtual Private Network Configuration REMOTE SECURITY NETWORK 1 Link 1 RSG1...
  • Page 118 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP THREE Use the menu item INFO =>SHOW ROUTING TABLE to confirm that the other Remote Security Gateways (RSGs), and all the networks included in the Remote Security Networks, are reachable. In the example, this would require that all of the following appear in RSG3’s routing table: RSG1 router IP address: 9.9.9.1 •...
  • Page 119 Cyclades-PR2000 STEP SIX Now, the Remote Security Networks must be defined. This is done in the CONFIG =>SECURITY =>VPN =>REMOTE IP NETWORKS =>ADD NETWORK menu. The IP address and network mask must be defined for all remote devices to be included in the remote network for VPN communication. The Remote Security Gateway IP address (set in step five) must also be given for each network.

  • Page 120: Appendix A Troubleshooting

    Cyclades-PR2000 APPENDIX A TROUBLESHOOTING What to Do if the Login Screen Does Not Appear When Using a Console. 1 Check the configuration of the terminal. The correct values are given in chapter 2. 2 Check to see if the router booted correctly. Before the login screen appears, boot messages should appear on the screen.

  • Page 121: What To Do If The Router Does Not Work Or Stops Working

    Cyclades-PR2000 What to Do if the Router Does Not Work or Stops Working. 1 Check that the cables are connected correctly and firmly (see chapter 2, What is in the Box, for correct cable connection information). 2 Confirm that the Link LED is lit, indicating proper Ethernet cable termination. If it is not lit, check both ends of the Ethernet cable and the hub connection.

  • Page 122: Testing The Ethernet Interface

    Cyclades-PR2000 Testing the Ethernet Interface After configuring the Ethernet interface, return to the main menu using the <ESC> key as many times as is necessary. Save the configuration to flash memory (the operating system will ask how to save the configuration on the way back to the main menu).

  • Page 123: Testing The Wan Interfaces

    Cyclades-PR2000 Testing the WAN Interfaces The WAN interface can be tested using ping as described in the previous section. If the ping is not successful, check the routing table to see if a route to the destination exists (INFO =>SHOW ROUTING TABLE). The menu items INFO =>SHOW STATISTICS =>SWAN and INFO =>SHOW STATUS =>SWAN may also provide useful information.
  • Page 124 Cyclades-PR2000 The S column reveals the stage of the test at the time the table was created — D = data transfer, S = • synchronization. The next 4 columns indicate bytes and packets sent and received. • The last three columns indicate the port with which the interface is communicating. •...
  • Page 125 Cyclades-PR2000 LEDs The LEDs on the PR1000’s case display the following information: • Power - Lit when the PR1000 is turned on. • 10BT - Lit when the Ethernet link is being used for a fast Ethernet connection. • Col - Indicates collisions on the LAN. •...

  • Page 126: Appendix B Hardware Specifications

    Cyclades-PR2000 APPENDIX B HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS General Specifications The Cyclades-PR2000 power requirements and environmental restrictions are listed in Figure B.1. Power Requirements (external DC adapter) Input voltage range Input frequency range Environmental Conditions Operating temperature Relative humidity Altitude Physical Specifications External dimensions Safety FCC Class A, CE class A FIGURE B.1 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS...

  • Page 127: External Interfaces

    Cyclades-PR2000 External Interfaces The WAN Interfaces The WAN interfaces are provided on a DB-25 female connector. The pinout diagram is not shown here, as it depends on which protocol (RS-232, V.25 or X.21) is configured. Please see the pinout diagrams for the cables used for each protocol to determine the signals on the interface.

  • Page 128: The Asynchronous Interface

    Cyclades-PR2000 The Asynchronous Interface ASYNCHRONOUS PORT FIGURE B.4 ASYNCHRONOUS INTERFACE - RJ-45 FEMALE The Console Interface FIGURE B.5 CONSOLE INTERFACE - RJ-45 FEMALE Appendix B - Hardware Specifications Signal Ground CONSOLE PORT RS-232 Signal Ground...

  • Page 129: Cables

    Cyclades-PR2000 Cables The Straight-Through Cable DB-25 Male Cyclades Router Signal TxClk_DTE RxClk TxClk_DCE FIGURE B.6 STRAIGHT-THROUGH CABLE - DB-25 MALE TO DB-25 MALE Appendix B - Hardware Specifications Straight-Through Cable DB-25 Male DCE / DTE Signal TxClk_DTE RxClk TxClk_DCE...

  • Page 130: Db-25 - M.34 Adaptor

    Cyclades-PR2000 DB-25 - M.34 Adaptor Female Retention Screw Retention Female Retention Screw FIGURE B.7 DB-25 - M.34 ADAPTOR - DB-25 FEMALE TO M.34 MALE Appendix B - Hardware Specifications DB-25 Female Signal PGnd Male TxD/V.35 (B) TxD/V.35 (A) Screw RxD/V.35 (B) RxD/V.35 (A) TxClk_DTE/V.35 (B) TxClk_DTE/V.35 (A)

  • Page 131: The Asy/Modem Cable

    Cyclades-PR2000 The ASY/Modem Cable ASY/Modem Cable RJ-45 FIGURE B.8 ASY/MODEM CABLE - RJ-45 TO DB-25 MALE The Cross Cable Appendix B - Hardware Specifications PR2000 RJ-45 / 8 pins DB-25 Male Signal ASY/MODEM Modem (DB-25) Signal...
  • Page 132 Cyclades-PR2000 RxD V.35 + (B) TxD V.35 + (B) TxD V.35 - (A) RxD V.35 - (A) TxClk_DTE (A) TxClk_DCE TxClk_DTE V.35 + (B) RxClk V.35 + (B) TxClk DCE V.35 - (B) TxClk_DTE V.35 - (A) RxClk V.35 - (A) TxClk DCE V.35 - (A) FIGURE B.9 CROSS CABLE - DB-25 MALE TO DB-25 MALE Appendix B - Hardware Specifications...

  • Page 133: Db-25 Loopback Connector

    Cyclades-PR2000 DB-25 Loopback Connector DB-25 Male FIGURE B.10 LOOPBACK CONNECTOR - DB-25 MALE Appendix B - Hardware Specifications...

  • Page 134: Appendix C Configuration Without A Console

    Cyclades-PR2000 APPENDIX C CONFIGURATION WITHOUT A CONSOLE When a terminal or PC is not available for use as a console, the router has a special feature that allows configuration of the Ethernet interface from any PC on the LAN. The router “adopts” the destination IP address of the first non-UDP packet received from the LAN and accepts the connection.

  • Page 135: Index

    Cyclades-PR2000 Backup Link configuration 35 Bandwidth Reservation 105 Boot Messages 120 Cables parallel 13 Router MD/V.35 13 with a DB-25 connector 121 Connection to an Internet Access Provider 19 Cyclades ftp site 10 telephones 10 CyROS menus 14 Ethernet testing the interface 122 Flash Memory 16 Frame Relay 27 DLCI 31...
  • Page 136 Cyclades Australia Phone: +61 7 3279 4320 Fax: +61 7 3279 4393 www.au.cyclades.com Cyclades Philippines Phone: (632) 813-0353 Fax: (632) 655-2610 www.ph.cyclades.com Cyclades UK Phone: +44 1724 277179 Fax: +44 1724 279981 www.uk.cyclades.com Cyclades Corporation 41829 Albrae Street Fremont, CA 94538 - USA Phone: (510) 770-9727 Fax: (510) 770-0355 www.cyclades.com...

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