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Ericsson MINI-LINK BAS Technical Description

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  • Page 1 MINI-LINK Technical Description...
  • Page 2 - network operators, service providers, enterprises and consumers - the world over. Ericsson Information on Demand Database can be addressed at: http://www.ericsson.com We continuously develop and improve our products and therefore reserve the right to alter technical details without notice.
  • Page 3 MINI-LINK BAS MINI-LINK Technical Description Copyright  Ericsson 2000 EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...
  • Page 4 MINI-LINK BAS Foreword The customer documentation includes all information and documents necessary for a basic knowledge of Ericsson systems. The above said documentation has its own code number and release; the latter is subject to changes whenever eventual updates may occur.
  • Page 5 MINI-LINK BAS Preface For more information, please refer to the MINI-LINK BAS Product Catalogue. You may also contact your Ericsson representative or the area sales manager for your country at: Ericsson Microwave Systems AB Microwave Radio Division S-431 84 Mölndal...

  • Page 6: Table Of Contents

    SN............. 3-3 3.2.1 SN R-AAS Stand-alone ........3-3 3.2.2 SN C-AAS ............3-4 3.2.3 Generic MINI-LINK BAS Network...... 3-6 3.2.4 SN connection to CP and EM......3-7 3.2.5 Examples of an Overall Network ....... 3-8 System Synchronisation ......3-9 Traffic Routing ........3-10...
  • Page 7 MINI-LINK BAS Typical Network Applications....3-11 End-User Services....4-1 Introduction ..........4-2 Data Communication.........4-3 4.2.1 Ethernet Frames Encapsulation According to RFC 1483 ............4-4 CE Services ..........4-6 Physical and MAC Layers..5-1 Introduction ..........5-2 Physical Layer...........5-3 5.2.1 Media Control Loops .........5-5 5.2.1.1 Amplitude Control Loop........5-6 5.2.1.2...
  • Page 8 MINI-LINK BAS 6.3.2 Board Relay ............6-5 6.3.3 ICS/ATM Connection Rules ......6-5 6.3.3.1 Configuration Requirements ........6-5 6.3.3.2 Interface Requirements ........6-6 EM ............6-9 6.4.1 Basic Platform ..........6-10 6.4.2 Generic Services..........6-12 6.4.3 Specific Services ..........6-14 CP............6-15 6.5.1...
  • Page 9 MINI-LINK BAS ATM Transport and Multiplexing ......7-1 Introduction ..........7-2 Virtual Connections ........7-3 7.2.1 VP/VC Connection Plan ........7-4 7.2.2 Use of VPI/VCI Values ........7-4 Service Categories........7-6 7.3.1 Connection Admission Control ......7-6 R-AAS and C-AAS (CE Shelf) ....7-7 FlexNU ............7-8 ATM Fault Management......7-8 Equipment Practice and Power ........
  • Page 10 MINI-LINK BAS O&M Facilities ......9-1 Introduction ..........9-2 9.1.1 Communication Channels ......... 9-2 9.1.2 AT Setup ............9-3 Fault Detection.......... 9-3 9.2.1 Alarms ............... 9-3 9.2.2 Events ............... 9-8 Test Loops ..........9-9 9.3.1 RN Near-End Loops.......... 9-9 9.3.2 AT Near-End Loops ..........
  • Page 11 MINI-LINK BAS 10.6.3 EMC ..............10-14 10.6.4 Alarms ............10-14 10.7 Characteristics ........10-15 10.7.1 Central Office..........10-15 10.7.2 AT..............10-16 10.7.3 ODU ..............10-17 10.8 Miscellaneous Features ......10-20 Index ........11-1 11.1 Index ............11-2 EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...
  • Page 12 MINI-LINK BAS Technical Description EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B...

  • Page 13: Introduction

    MINI-LINK BAS Introduction EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...

  • Page 14: General Information

    The scope of requirements in the form of directives, standards and recommendations issued by national and international organizations is constantly widening. The MINI-LINK BAS meets these requirements. Performance data meets or surpasses the detailed requirements specified for this type of equipment.

  • Page 15: General Overview

    The MINI-LINK BAS is a natural step in Ericsson's product development program, in response to new requirements from a growing market and is based on more than 20 years’ experience of microwave links.

  • Page 16: Product Benefits

    Line Figure 1-1 General Applications for the BAS 1.3.2 Product Benefits The MINI-LINK BAS offers, to name a few, the following features: • true Fast Dynamic Capacity Allocation (F-DCA) for data services; • port-to-port, intra-Hub, Local Area Network (LAN) and Private Branch Exchange (PBX) interconnections without the use of core resources;...
  • Page 17 Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) figures exceeding 30 years, thanks to a quality oriented high volume production, with a current production capacity exceeding 100,000 units per year. In the MINI-LINK BAS the new multi-chip module improves the reliability and simplifies production even further. •...

  • Page 18: Terminology

    MINI-LINK BAS Terminology ATM Adaptation Layer AT Craft Tool ANSI American National Standards Institute Application Programming Interface Amplitude Shift Keying Access Terminal Access Termination Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATPC Automatic Transmit Power Control Broadband Access System BBER Background Block Error Ratio...
  • Page 19 MINI-LINK BAS Frame Alignment Word Forward Error Correction Federal Communication Commission Frame Checking Sequence F-DCA Fast Dynamic Capacity Allocation Frequency Division Duplex FlexNU Flexible Network Unit FPROM Flash Programmable Read Only Memory Graphical User Interface Hardware Handler HP-OV Hewlett Packard OpenView...
  • Page 20 MINI-LINK BAS Node Control Unit Network Element Network Node Manager Network Unit Outdoor Unit Open Telecom Platform Open Systems Interconnection PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange Printed Board Assembly Private Branch Exchange Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Power Distribution Unit Process Identification Number...
  • Page 21 MINI-LINK BAS Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SESR Severely Error Second Ratio System Node Service Network Interface SONET Synchronous Optical Network Spanning Tree Algorithm Service Unit (AT side) Time Division Multiplex TDMA Time Division Multiple Access Telecommunication Management Network Unavailability Unspecified Bit Rate...
  • Page 22 MINI-LINK BAS 1-10 Technical Description EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B...

  • Page 23: System Description

    MINI-LINK BAS System Description EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...

  • Page 24: Overview

    It is a complete end-to-end solution from customer service terminals, to IP/ATM/PSTN backbone equipment and management systems. It assures the quality, availability and security that Ericsson customers have come to depend on for over a century. The MINI-LINK BAS consists of customer located Access Terminations (ATs), communicating with Radio Nodes (RNs).
  • Page 25 MINI-LINK BAS MINI-LINK BAS supports 28 MHz Channelling achieving a capacity over the air interface of 37.5 Mbps in both directions. The MINI-LINK BAS follows a cellular deployment structure where multiple cells support a footprint over a geographical area. Each cell is...

  • Page 26: System Components

    MINI-LINK BAS System Components The MINI-LINK BAS consists of the following components: − In Door Unit (IDU): FlexNU − Out Door Unit (ODU): Radio and antenna − Indoor NCU − ODU: Radio and antenna C-AAS Control and management − −...
  • Page 27 ODU: Radio and the antenna AT is located at the edge of the network close to the subscriber providing an interface between the MINI-LINK BAS network and the subscriber equipment. Each AT is assigned to a RN and receives downlink, broadcast traffic from that RN using the TDM scheme.

  • Page 28: Flexnu

    MINI-LINK BAS 2.2.1.1 FlexNU FlexNU is the indoor part of the AT. It is connected to the ODU with an IF coaxial cable, as shown in the Figure 2-3. The FlexNU, which can house Modem board and Service Units (SUs), features an active backplane on which the Media Access Control (MAC) functionality is implemented.
  • Page 29 The Radio is highly integrated and connected to the IDU via an Intermediate Frequency (IF) coaxial cable. The microwave parts incorporate Ericsson’s unique Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit (MMIC) technology that supports integration of a complete receiver and transmitter into a single multi- chip module, thus reducing the size of the ODU (see Figure 2-5).

  • Page 30: R-Aas

    MINI-LINK BAS Moreover some capacity is allocated for control purpose and Physical Layer preservation. In the table are reported the max number of unstructured E1/T1 connections versus the number of ATs. ATs/RN UF (%) E1/RN T1/RN 1 to 8 0.96 9 to 16 0.93...
  • Page 31 MINI-LINK BAS R-AAS can support different configurations: Number of CE Number of E1/T1 Number of RNs boards interfaces 3, 2, 1 In principle, a fully equipped R-AAS with 6 RNs, could cover up to 6 * 64 = 384 ATs. However, in order to optimise the overall performance of the system, it is recommended not to exceed 128 ATs per R-AAS.

  • Page 32: Odu

    MINI-LINK BAS 2-10 • From a RN to a ATM switch, through an ET155 interface board; OC-3/ STM-1 (User to Service connection) • From a RN to a PSTN switch, through a CE-SNI E1/T1 interface board (User to Service connection)

  • Page 33: C-Aas

    2-11 MINI-LINK BAS 2.2.3 C-AAS C-AAS is aimed to host CE terminations towards PSTN. C-AAS is mostly equipped with CE-SNI boards. The C-AAS has 19 board slots which usage is report below: Slot 1: ET boards Slots 2-17: CE boards or ET boards...

  • Page 34: Configuration Limits

    MINI-LINK BAS 2-12 Configuration Limits MINI-LINK BAS components have the following configuration limits: • EM can support to 10 CPs. • 1 CP can control up to 128 ATs and support up to 30 SNs. • 1 RN supports up to 64 ATs.

  • Page 35: Customer Service Interfaces

    2-13 MINI-LINK BAS − 420 MHz for LMDS ET34/45 ATM • E3/T3, 34/45 Mbps • Full duplex • Electrical interface • DS3 direct and PLCP mapping available 2.4.2 Customer Service Interfaces 10BaseT/100BaseT Ethernet • IEEE 802.3/Ethernet, 10/100 Mbps • Half duplex and full duplex •...

  • Page 36: Local Exchange/Isp Interfaces

    MINI-LINK BAS 2-14 • 10 Mbps • Half duplex • Electrical interface with Multiprotocol Over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 encapsulation (RFC 1483) • Operation and Maintenance access only 2.4.3 Local Exchange/ISP Interfaces ET155 ATM • 155 Mbps, IR, SONET STS-3c (Bellcore GR-253-CORE)/ S1.1 SDH STM1 (ITU-T G.957)

  • Page 37: Network Architecture

    MINI-LINK BAS Network Architecture EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...

  • Page 38: Introduction

    MINI-LINK BAS Introduction MINI-LINK BAS is a scaleable system that allows building up access networks ranging from very small to very large configuration. MINI-LINK BAS network can be tailored to very different scenarios in terms of subscribers or traffic density.

  • Page 39: Sn R-Aas Stand-Alone

    AAS to the PSTN would be quite expensive because of the high number of links and their length. MINI-LINK BAS provides an effective solution by the use of a C- AAS close to the PSTN. Traffic collected from the R-AASs can be transported toward the C-AASs through a few high capacities STM-1 connections.

  • Page 40: Sn C-Aas

    BAS network: the termination high number of CE emulation connections. The typical application is therefore in large MINI-LINK BAS networks where several SN R-AAS are present and a high number of CE connections are transported and terminated within the system.
  • Page 41 MINI-LINK BAS In fact, the C-AAS has here to terminated the CBR (typically E1/T1) traffic. The ET link capacity and the number of CE boards, in terms of E1/T1 ports, constitute the bottleneck of such a configuration. Moreover, it must be noted that the intermediate configurations are possible.

  • Page 42: Generic Mini-Link Bas Network

    MINI-LINK BAS 3.2.3 Generic MINI-LINK BAS Network The generic MINI-LINK BAS network is made of several SN. Each SN can be seen as a totally independent, tree-structured sub- network, having the direct access to each backbone network and offering end-user services.

  • Page 43: Sn Connection To Cp And Em

    MINI-LINK BAS 3.2.4 SN connection to CP and EM The CP is equipped with ATM interface at STM-1 line rate, therefore can be connected to SNs through ATM virtual connections, is either a remote or local mode. In the remote connection mode, the CP is connected to the ATM backbone network and virtual connection are set up in the ATM network to reach SN, as shown in the Figure 3–4.

  • Page 44: Examples Of An Overall Network

    MINI-LINK BAS 3.2.5 Examples of an Overall Network The following diagrams show some different network applications for the MINI-LINK BAS. Ethernet EM MS FlexNU R-AAS E1/T1 C-AAS (CE Shelf) Network ET155-ET34/45 R-AAS Ethernet FlexNU E1/T1 ET155-ET34/45 PSTN Network Figure 3-5...

  • Page 45: System Synchronisation

    MINI-LINK BAS System Synchronisation MINI-LINK BAS access network needs to be synchronized to the backbone networks in order to interoperate correctly with them. Interoperation with a PSTN is strictly related to the services provided which imply isochronous operations and timing transparency from the Local Exchange till Customer Premises Equipments (CPEs).

  • Page 46: Traffic Routing

    MINI-LINK BAS 3-10 Traffic Routing MINI-LINK BAS, as any access network, allows the set-up of traffic connection from the customer, User interface, to the backbone networks, Service interface. Due to a cross connection capability in R-AAS, C-AAS, AT-to-AT connections are allowed without resorting to the backbone network.

  • Page 47: Typical Network Applications

    ATM PVC links the AT’s E1/T1 interface to a CE-SNI E1/T1 interface in the R-AAS or in a C-AAS, which in its turn is connected to the PSTN. Note that the MINI-LINK BAS can also support an intra-Hub port-to-port connection, depicted in Hub 1 in the diagram.
  • Page 48 MINI-LINK BAS 3-12 HUB 1 PSTN Radio Shelf HUB 2 H. 323 Terminal Radio INTERNET Shelf R = Router PSTN G/W = H. 323 Gateway AT = Access Termination RN = Radio Node GK = Gatekeeper Figure 3-9 System Deployed for IP Telephony (PBX-PSTN, PBX- H.323 terminal)

  • Page 49: End-User Services

    MINI-LINK BAS End-User Services EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...

  • Page 50: Introduction

    64 Kbps. MINI-LINK BAS offers both permanent capacity allocation for PBX interconnectivity and the possibility to offer better performances for data traffic exploiting statistical multiplexing and bandwidth allocation not constrained by the 64 Kbps granularity.

  • Page 51: Data Communication

    MINI-LINK BAS Data Communication Enterprise data equipment with Ethernet interfaces connects directly to MINI-LINK BAS FlexNU Ethernet interfaces. Typical data equipment represents routers and layers 2/3 switches. The FlexNU encapsulates Ethernet frames in ATM cells, in agreement with RFC1483. Data services are offered using a UBR best effort service category. As an option, connection admission control, always executed in case of CBR connections, can also be activated for data UBR connections.

  • Page 52: To Rfc 1483

    Figure 4-2. Protocol Stack Model for Ethernet Frames in MINI-LINK BAS The connection through the MINI-LINK BAS is set via the EM as a UBR PVC through the whole MINI-LINK BAS, shown as a dotted line in Figure 4-2. In that case local frames sent to local LAN MAC addresses are filtered but not forwarded to the air interface.
  • Page 53 MINI-LINK BAS In the LLC multiplexing option the LLC and SNAP fields are inserted to identify the type of bridged protocol data unit. In the VC multiplexing these fields are not required, as indicated in the figure, as the protocol data unit type is associated to a specific VC. This option...

  • Page 54: Ce Services

    Figure 4-4. Note that the AAL-1 protocol originated by a FlexNU can be terminated either in a CE board housed in the MINI-LINK BAS, R- AAS or CE-AAS, or in any external CE equipment compliant with the CE service inter-operability Specification or ATMF ITU/ETSI relevant standards.
  • Page 55 ATM cell with the CE data. In the E1 and T1 case this value is equal to 183 and 244 µs respectively. The MAC layer in the MINI-LINK BAS introduces a delay of the order of 1 ms. The transport of cells over the air is of the order of 0.1 ms depending on the actual location.
  • Page 56 MINI-LINK BAS Technical Description EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B...

  • Page 57: Physical And Mac Layers

    MINI-LINK BAS Physical and MAC Layers EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...

  • Page 58: Introduction

    Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) in uplink direction, to prevent the ATs to create unnecessary interference to other MINI-LINK BAS Cells and limit dynamic range requirements in RN receiver. In particular in this chapter it will be considered the Physical Air Interface, whereas the aspects regarding the Users, Service Network and Internal interfaces are described in the relative sections.

  • Page 59: Physical Layer

    • Addressing of ATs Following the OSI stack, which describes the general structure of a communication system, we can define the overall architecture of the MINI-LINK BAS as depicted in the Figure 5-1. Access Termination, AT Radio - ASS RADIO...
  • Page 60 MINI-LINK BAS TX Burst Controller TX direct TX MCM Demodulator Modulator Module CABLE to/from INTERFACE Modem RX IF2 RX MCM Converter Module DC/DC Board Amplitude controller controlling (uP) Figure 5-2 Radio Board Functional Block Diagram from backplane from C-QPSK Scambler...

  • Page 61: Media Control Loops

    MINI-LINK BAS 5.2.1 Media Control Loops Media control loops are needed to control transmission parameters of Terminals and RN in order to make a proper working of PMP transmission scheme. PMP synchronisation encompasses carrier amplitude and frequency control, symbol clock phase and modulation index control. These control loops are used to compensate the effects of the real components and of the radio propagation.

  • Page 62: Amplitude Control Loop

    MINI-LINK BAS 5.2.1.1 Amplitude Control Loop Amplitude control is necessary in down or uplink direction in order to have a constant signal at the input of the demodulator passing from a TDMA slot to the adjacent one. In fact in the uplink direction there are the contributions of the different terminals served by the RN.

  • Page 63: Modulation Index Rcl, Uplink And Downlink

    MINI-LINK BAS 5.2.1.3 Modulation Index RCL, Uplink and Downlink The purpose of this loop is to ensure that the error in the modulation process of the physical carrier remains within acceptable limits, regarding both spectral emission requirements and receiver performance degradations.

  • Page 64: Radio Link Adaptation

    MINI-LINK BAS 5.2.2 Radio Link Adaptation Radio link adaptation is needed to adapt data stream from base band to the characteristics of the medium. The main processing is physical parameter setting and frequency conversion. A frequency conversion is then necessary in order to take the signal from a fixed IF to the proper microwave frequency and viceversa, in order to allocate the signal in the requested band.

  • Page 65: Raus

    MINI-LINK BAS RAUs The MINI-LINK BAS comprises the following radio models referred to the indicated frequency bands: • 24.5 - 26.5, ETSI 26 GHz • 27.5 - 28.35, LMDS "A" 28 GHz • 31.0 – 31.30, LMDS "B" 31 GHz...

  • Page 66: Block Diagram

    MINI-LINK BAS 5-10 5.3.1 Block Diagram The following main functions are included in the RAU, as shown in Figure 5-5: • Cable interface with lightning protection • Transmitting IF signal processing • Receiving IF signal processing • Supervision and control •...
  • Page 67 5-11 MINI-LINK BAS • The DC feed for the overall RAU. Similarly, the outgoing signals are multiplexed in the cable interface: receiving IF signal and command and control signal downlink. • The nominal frequency of the receiving IF signal is 140 MHz.
  • Page 68 MINI-LINK BAS 5-12 DC/DC Converter The DC/DC converter provides stable voltages for the microwave sub-units as well as for the radio interface unit. Transmitter Oscillator The frequency of the transmitter is controlled in a Phase Locked Loop (PLL), a sample of the VCO signal is fed to a divider and further on to a programmable phase detector.

  • Page 69: Transmitter On/Off Switch

    5-13 MINI-LINK BAS 5.3.1.1 Transmitter On/Off Switch While the RN RAU transmits in a continuous way, due to the TDMA structure adopted in uplink, the AT RAU transmits in a burst way, so it’s necessary to switch on the NU transmitter only during the time- slots assigned for transmission.

  • Page 70: Llc Layer

    Up and downlink are separated in frequency, according to the FDD. In MINI-LINK BAS, the delay between transmission and reception can be of few timeslots. The MINI-LINK BAS is a FDD system with a full flexibility of instantaneous capacity allocation in the up and downlink per AT and connection.

  • Page 71: Uplink Tdma Frame

    5-15 MINI-LINK BAS The downlink TDM frame is made of several timeslot, where the number of slots can be set to 80 or 128 (default value). The ATM cell is carried together with the permit field, needed in the MAC protocol, in the TDM slot structure.
  • Page 72 MINI-LINK BAS 5-16 Guard, preamble and FECs bits are added by the modem in the NU when building up the upstream slots and are terminated in the NCU of the RN. Control timeslots are used in the MAC protocol for carrying queues status (requests) from terminals to the RN.

  • Page 73: Frame Alignment

    5-17 MINI-LINK BAS 5.4.2 Frame Alignment Frame alignment for the radio frame is performed by using the first group polling permit plus the CRC-P as a FAW. Frame recovery is achieved in the NU by detecting the FAW. This unique pattern marks the beginning of each radio frame. Two consecutive FAWs will be far apart as many bits as specified by the frame format.

  • Page 74: Performance Monitoring

    MINI-LINK BAS 5-18 FEC bits are inserted in each timeslot in addition to the original MAC packet data stream. The FEC bits are spread unevenly over the slots in such a way to better protect information fields related to the MAC protocol than the payload.
  • Page 75 5-19 MINI-LINK BAS • Number of received correct TDMA slots • Number of received TDMA slots • Number of CRC-8 errors on downlink, calculated over permit, CRC-P and the ATM cell Some additional performance parameters not foreseen by ITU standards are evaluated: •...

  • Page 76: Mac Layer

    A fundamental feature for MINI-LINK BAS is an efficient MAC protocol. An F-DCA is the key to handle burst traffic. The medium access algorithm in the MINI-LINK BAS is optimised to handle burst data traffic but efficiently handles also CBR and CE Services.
  • Page 77 5-21 MINI-LINK BAS Ranging permit: the specified NU is requested to sign on. Blanking permit: this corresponds to nothing being sent upstream. When allowed by the above types of permits, a NU will send a slot back to the node. This slot can be of 3 types: •...

  • Page 78: Sign-On

    MINI-LINK BAS 5-22 Not Used Not Used CRC-4 request request 6 bits 4 bits 6 bits 6 bits 8 bits Figure 5-10 Request Field, Minislot The request field contains the present buffer status of the addressed NU in terms of the number of ATM cells that are in each buffer at the polling instant.

  • Page 79: Radio Bandwidth Limitation

    5-23 MINI-LINK BAS (=RTD us) BEFORE AFTER RANGING RANGING (=RTD us) (=RTD us) time Fixed delay Maximum network round trip delay Figure 5-11 Distance Ranging Procedures 5.5.3 Radio Bandwidth Limitation In multi access systems, performances are related to the number of ATs connected to the same RN, in terms of throughput.

  • Page 80: Processing Flow

    MINI-LINK BAS 5-24 Processing Flow An overall scheme of the composition both of the downlink and uplink streams is depicted respectively in the Figure 5-12 and Figure 5-13. 5.6.1 Downlink Processing Flow Backplane Interface Cellmux Modulator Scambler Framer Multiplexer Radio...

  • Page 81: Uplink Processing Flow

    5-25 MINI-LINK BAS Finally the TDM Framed data is first scrambled, FEC encoded, in order to increase transmission robustness, and then modulated. On the AT side the received data stream is extract realizing the same operation of the ANT transmission side, but in the reverse order, moreover data stream is monitored for Excessive Bit Error Ratio (EBER) after FEC decoding.

  • Page 82: Rc Cells Insertion

    MINI-LINK BAS 5-26 Depending on the type of permits, traffic cells or minislots are inserted. Minislots contain the requests to transmit contract based on traffic and buffer filling level. Then ATM traffic is first scrambled, FEC encoded and modulated. On the RN side the received stream is demodulated and checked for header errors, corrupted cells are discarded.
  • Page 83 5-27 MINI-LINK BAS Figure 5-15 RC Communication Cells EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...
  • Page 84 MINI-LINK BAS 5-28 Technical Description EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B...

  • Page 85: Management And

    MINI-LINK BAS Management and Control EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...

  • Page 86: Introduction

    “management”. When reading this chapter, however, it will be easy for the reader to identify the two concepts. The MINI-LINK BAS is managed by means of an EM. The EM communicates with the MINI-LINK BAS control system. The control system consists of a CP, one or more Device Processors (DP) and their related software.

  • Page 87: Management System

    MINI-LINK BAS Management System This section gives an overview of the control architecture, which the management system is based upon; information about the possible interfaces towards higher level systems is available in Paragraph 6.5.1. Figure 6-1 gives a general overview of the connections between the various parts of the network;...

  • Page 88: Control Architecture

    Hierarchy The EM is the access point for operators wanting to manage the MINI-LINK BAS. The EM is connected to the CP, which can be considered as the heart of the management system. The CP, in turn, communicates with a number of system elements of different types: •...

  • Page 89: Board Relay

    MINI-LINK BAS 6.3.2 Board Relay The board relays are based on channel relaying, with a physical connection per shelf (1 channel per shelf). This approach is called board relay and actually means that each DP behaves as soft relay toward other DPs (lower in the hierarchy) to exchange control signalling messages without physical connections with the CP.

  • Page 90: Interface Requirements

    MINI-LINK BAS • Max Burst Size: 30 cells • Sustainable cell rate: 1 cell/5 ms = 200 cells/sec • Cell Delay Variation Tolerance: 2ms 6.3.3.2 Interface Requirements Two types of interfaces, see Figure 6-4, for the control signalling are present in the configurations with the CP remotely located.
  • Page 91 MINI-LINK BAS • VCI = Subrack number *18 + Slot – 5; when 2 <= Unit <= 31 (C-AASs (CE Shelves)) • VCI = Subrack number *17 + Slot + 27; when 32 <= Unit <= 255 (R-AASs (Radio Shelves)).
  • Page 92 MINI-LINK BAS • VCI = 31 + 2 = 33 To address a board in slot 4 of the R-AAS number 42, the VPI/VCI output from the CP is: • VPI = 1 • VCI = 31 + 4 = 35...
  • Page 93 MINI-LINK BAS The functionality of the EM is implemented by means of a number of applications, each handling a specific management area. Some applications also provide GUI, through which an operator can manage resources in the NEs. Applications are based on the OTP and HP-OV NNM platforms.

  • Page 94: Basic Platform

    MINI-LINK BAS 6-10 6.4.1 Basic Platform The EM uses commercially available software as a basis on top of which its own applications are added. The management software platform used is HP-OV NNM. HP-OV provides an interface to other applications and modules...
  • Page 95 6-11 MINI-LINK BAS 3. Erlange process created at start by alarm appl. and waiting for event messagges from the basic platform. This process id. is sent to the basic platform in the subscription call. Alarm Event 2. Each Application application is started 7.

  • Page 96: Generic Services

    • Alarm logging EMEQ, Equipment Handling The configuration information in the MINI-LINK BAS is stored in a Management Information Base (MIB). A generic, basic configuration is loaded in the MIB during installation from software configuration files. Any boards or other equipment that are inserted into the system, are automatically detected and displayed by the EM.
  • Page 97 6-13 MINI-LINK BAS • Board, including type, HW/SW identity, operational and alarm status • Port, including port identity, administrative status, operational status and usage The EM entries allow the user to: • Modify system nodes, subracks, slots, boards and ports •...

  • Page 98: Specific Services

    6.4.3 Specific Services The specific services layer contains all service and system specific applications that manage equipment, for example MINI-LINK BAS, and services, for example telephony. These subsystems make use of the functionality provided by layer 2 generic services which in their turn base themselves on the basic platform.
  • Page 99 6-15 MINI-LINK BAS The functionality of the CP is implemented by means of a number of applications, each handling a specific task. The CP software Erlang language running on the OTP which in its turn runs on the Solaris operating system. The CP hardware is basically a Force Sparc station.

  • Page 100: Interface Handlers

    Paragraph 6.5. • BNSI agent BNSI is the interface towards a higher-level management system called “Ericsson Network Surveillance” that primarily provides operators with the alarm situation of the network. It does not handle configuration information, just alarms at network level. •...

  • Page 101: Connection Handler

    6-17 MINI-LINK BAS The applications consider all equipment in the network in the same way, regardless of their peculiarities. Specific applications, on the other hand, handle system-specific tasks, in our case MINI-LINK BAS specific tasks. The general applications are: •...

  • Page 102: Alarm Handler

    MINI-LINK BAS 6-18 • Resource Collector the resource collector provides an interface towards the hardware handlers to create and manage the different transmission interfaces in the system. It also provides inventory functions for topology. The resource collector keeps a database of all the transmission interfaces in the system and their interconnection.

  • Page 103: Mrs & Mri

    There is no direct interface among HHs. Examples of HHs are: • • Cellmux • MINI-LINK BAS, RN and AT • CE units 6.5.4 MRS & MRI The interface towards the EM is handled by the Managed Resource Interface (MRI), which is a generic Erlang language based interface between the Managed Resource Server (MRS) on one side and the management interfaces on the other side (Figure 6-8).

  • Page 104: Equipment Management

    MINI-LINK BAS 6-20 Equipment Management 6.6.1 Equipment Hardware Configuration A piece of equipment, sometimes also referenced to as “system element”, is considered as a sub-network element connecting a number of user network interfaces to one or more service network interfaces. In principle, the hardware configuration can be done beforehand or during system operation.

  • Page 105: Equipment Supervisioning

    6-21 MINI-LINK BAS Each slot can be configured to accept a specific board, or it can be configured to be plug-and-play and to accept any inserted board. If the download is unsuccessful, the system can be downgraded to the previous version without need of an additional download. The...

  • Page 106: Equipment Errors And Error Handling

    MINI-LINK BAS 6-22 6.6.4 Equipment Errors and Error Handling On all boards, the equipment application handles the software and hardware supervisioning. Apart from this software based supervision, the hardware processor has a watchdog as well, in orderd that if the software supervision process does not update the watchdog circuitry, a processor restart is initiated, cold restart.

  • Page 107: Connection Management

    (HHs) in order to set up a given cross connection. Thus, for example, when setting up a connection from the ET to an AT in the MINI-LINK BAS, the connection handler will have to communicate with the cellmux and HHs.

  • Page 108: Cross Connection Re Establishment

    MINI-LINK BAS 6-24 In order to maintain consistency, the processes, which control the logical units, retain no information about cross connections. If should they need details about cross connection, they have to explicitly ask the connection handler. The connection handler also stores a list of dependencies for each cross connection.

  • Page 109: Alarm And Event Management

    6-25 MINI-LINK BAS Alarm and Event Management The alarm and event handling is performed by the HHs. This means that alarm and event filtering is done as close to the alarm originating point as possible, so as to avoid overloading of the system with internal traffic.

  • Page 110: Alarm And Event Log

    MINI-LINK BAS 6-26 6.8.4 Alarm and Event Log The alarm and event log contains all alarms and events occurred in the system, together with the time and date indication of when they have been received. The alarm and event log has a limited size and wraps around after a certain number of alarms and events.

  • Page 111: Performance Management

    6-27 MINI-LINK BAS Performance Management The performance management values are today captured by the EM after performance monitoring has been started. Performance data is available at the physical layer for the connections between AT and the relevant RNs. HP-OV is used to gather the counter values for presentation to the operator.

  • Page 112: Backup And Restore

    MINI-LINK BAS 6-28 6.10.2 Backup and Restore Since the system hard disk and other unreliable hardware may fail, a database backup procedure can be manually ordered by the operator. The database will be frozen before the backup. Backed-up databases can be restored in case of need. This will of...

  • Page 113: 6.11 Internal Communication

    MINI-LINK BAS 6.11 Internal Communication This section describes the communication structure used for the management of the MINI-LINK BAS. Several communication levels exist in the system to each of them is dedicated a separate subsection. 6.11.1 Communication between EM and CP The communication between EM and CP is done using a proprietary protocol over TCP/IP.
  • Page 114 MINI-LINK BAS 6-30 The characteristics of the ICS/ATM connections are described at Paragraph 6.3.3. Where the DPs loosing contact with the CP will keep their configuration and traffic will continue flowing without modifications. When contact is back, the audit procedure assures the correctness of the configuration, without affecting the traffic.

  • Page 115: 6.12 Recovery Procedures

    6-31 MINI-LINK BAS 6.12 Recovery Procedures There are three system startup modes: • Initial start • Cold restart • Hot restart 6.12.1 Initial Start An initial start is used the first time the system is started, or if a completely new configuration is to be managed. The main actions performed at initial start are: 1.

  • Page 116: Board Cold Restart

    MINI-LINK BAS 6-32 • The CP then uses the configuration data contained in the current database to define the boards configuration, according to their state before the cold restart. • The connection handler establishes all permanent cross- connections that existed before the cold restart.
  • Page 117 6-33 MINI-LINK BAS • If this fails a number of times, a hot restart of the complete CP system will be attempted. • If this in turn fails, a cold restart of the complete CP system will be tried. •...
  • Page 118 MINI-LINK BAS 6-34 Technical Description EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B...

  • Page 119: Atm Transport And Multiplexing

    MINI-LINK BAS ATM Transport and Multiplexing EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...

  • Page 120: Introduction

    MINI-LINK BAS Introduction ATM is the transport technique used in MINI-LINK BAS. ATM transport guarantees the efficient delivery of services with totally different QoS requirements, such as data and telephony services. This is obtained by deploying the flexibility of ATM virtual connections and service categories.

  • Page 121: Virtual Connections

    MINI-LINK BAS Virtual Connections ATM transport is accomplished by setting up virtual connections along the system. The equipment supports point-to-point permanent VCCs. VCCs can be established between: • A user port and a service port; • A user port and a service-user port;...

  • Page 122: Vp/Vc Connection Plan

    MINI-LINK BAS 7.2.1 VP/VC Connection Plan The system uses point-to-point Virtual Channel (VC) connections, but it is ready in all its parts to support Virtual Path (VP) connections. VP connections are unused just because the available user ports, Ethernet 10/100BaseT and E1/T1 for CE, are always associated with VC end-points.
  • Page 123 MINI-LINK BAS However, as indicated in the following table, the operator can chose one out of many possible different configurations. Configured Configured Max allowed Max possible number of mode VCI max VCCs at the ET port 28160 in 110 VPIs...

  • Page 124: Service Categories

    MINI-LINK BAS Service Categories Two ATM service categories are supported throughout the system, each one associated with specific QoS guarantees: • CBR, which grants low cell transfer delay, cell delay variation and cell loss ratio to services whose traffic profile has a well...

  • Page 125: R-Aas And C-Aas (Ce Shelf)

    MINI-LINK BAS R-AAS and C-AAS (CE Shelf) As already mentioned, both the R-AAS (Radio Shelf) and the C-AAS (CE Shelf) have full ATM VC cross-connection capabilities. In terms of internal architecture, both shelves are identical and are classified as ATM shared bus cross-connections with pure egress queuing.

  • Page 126: Flexnu

    ATM Fault Management The MINI-LINK BAS supports the ATM fault management and F4/F5 flows handling in the following way: • VC-AIS cells are detected and VC-RDI OAM cells are generated by the Ethernet port at FlexNU side according to I.610.

  • Page 127: Equipment Practice And Power

    MINI-LINK BAS Equipment Practice and Power EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...

  • Page 128: Introduction

    MINI-LINK BAS Introduction The present Chapter describes the mechanical parts that compose MINI-LINK BAS. These are: • Hub site • AT site; • Core ATM – C-AAS (CE Shelf) • Control and Management • • Cabinets Hub Site The Hub site is composed by the following parts: •...

  • Page 129: Psu

    MINI-LINK BAS R-AAS Connection Field 8 9 10 11 12 13 Figure 8-1 R-AAS with Redundant Power 8.2.1.1 The function of the PSU is the conversion of central office –48 V system voltage into 5,15 V and 3,4 V supply voltages and 1,5 V...

  • Page 130: Rau

    MINI-LINK BAS 8.2.2 The RAU has a waterproof casing, with a handle for lifting and hoisting. It fits on the back of the integrated antenna unit, where it is connected to its RF-port. Figure 8-2 RAU dimensions are 260x321x97 (WxHxD), with a weight of 7 kg.

  • Page 131: Antenna

    MINI-LINK BAS Figure 8-3 RAU Fitted Directly and Separately to the Antenna 8.2.3 Antenna Two types of antenna are available: one for the RN to Multi AT Connection, Point-to-Multipoint, and the other for RN to single AT Connection, Point-to-Point. The RAU is fitted directly to this antenna by default; the separate installation is possible through a flexible waveguide connected to the RAU.

  • Page 132: Antenna For Point-To-Point Connection

    MINI-LINK BAS Figure 8-4 Point-to-Multipoint Antenna 8.2.3.2 Antenna for Point-to-Point Connection The standard compact antenna module, for point-to-point connections, is a 0.24 m high performance compact antenna of reflector type. It has an integrated radome and it is made of aluminium, painted in light grey.
  • Page 133 MINI-LINK BAS A 0.60 m integrated directive high performance antenna is also available. Figure 8-6 0.60 m Integrated Standard Directive Antenna EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...

  • Page 134: At Site

    MINI-LINK BAS AT Site The AT site provides the interface between the radio network distribution and the subscriber. Every AT is composed by indoor and outdoor parts: • FlexNU, indoor • RAU and the Antenna, outdoor 8.3.1 FlexNU A 19” shelf composes the AT indoor unit, named FlexNU, EMC shielded for compact PCI.

  • Page 135: Rau

    MINI-LINK BAS Up to four SUs can be accommodated in a FlexNU. SUs comprise dual 10BaseT/100BaseT Ethernet interfaces with RJ 45 connectors and dual E1/T1 interfaces also with RJ 45 connectors. The FlexNU is supplied by 110-220 Vac 50/60 Hz . The power consumption of one AT, including the outdoor radio, is 70 W.

  • Page 136: Core Atm - C-Aas (Ce Shelf)

    MINI-LINK BAS 8-10 Core ATM – C-AAS (CE Shelf) The C-AAS (CE Shelf) is an ATM multiplexer that is specialised for CE. It can be used as the primary interface for providing E1/T1 connections to the PSTN or as a supplementary interface (supplementary to CE-SNI interfaces housed in the R-AAS).

  • Page 137: Rear Access Shelf

    8-11 MINI-LINK BAS ET (155, 45, 34 Mbps) CE (E1/T1 Unit) 16 17 18/19 X 1 2 FAN ALARM -48V 0 GND -48V 0 GND SUBID -48V -48V TEST Figure 8-8 C-AAS (CE Shelf) Front Access Type 8.4.2 Rear Access Shelf The rear access shelf is based on the same equipment practice as front access.

  • Page 138: Pou

    MINI-LINK BAS 8-12 8.4.3 The function of these POUs is conversion of central office –48 V system voltage into 5,15 V supply voltage and 1,5 V reference voltage required by the other plug in units in the C-AAS (CE Shelf).

  • Page 139: Fan Unit For Rear Access Aas

    8-13 MINI-LINK BAS • Cabling faults (supervision cable unplugged, in this case receiving of A-alarm is not possible). • One fan motor faults. • Controller faults. Noise level measured 1m from front panel is 35-50 dB (A) depending on air temperature.

  • Page 140: Control And Management

    The EM and the CP compose the control and management section. 8.5.1 The MINI-LINK BAS is managed by means of a MS comprising of an The functionality of the EM is implemented by means of a number of applications, each handling a specific management area.

  • Page 141: Pdu

    8-15 MINI-LINK BAS 8.5.2 The CP consists of a CPU board, an hard disk, -48 V POU and an ATM adapter board(s). The CPU offers functionality similar to a Sparc Station. The CP shelf dimensions are 176x450x270 mm, HxWxD. ATM Adapter...

  • Page 142: Cabinets/Racks

    The rear access C-AAS (CE Shelf) and the R-AAS (Radio Shelf) are equipped with a fan unit that also acts as a fire enclosure bottom. Ericsson standard cabinets for central office equipment that are recommended for housing of MINI-LINK BAS can be placed in single rows, back-to-back or back-to-wall. Technical Description...
  • Page 143 8-17 MINI-LINK BAS Base cabinet with doors and covers Figure 8-13 BYB 501 Cabinet For the AT site or for the Hub site, if only the R-AAS shelf is present, the cabinet BYB 502 can be used. BYB 502 standard dimensions are 400x600x400 mm, HxWxD. Up to five cabinets can be stacked and bolted together on a mounting base, height = 85 mm, and with a cover plate, height = 15 mm.
  • Page 144 MINI-LINK BAS 8-18 Figure 8-14 BYB 502 Cabinets MINI-LINK BAS with front accessible shelves can be deployed in various cabinets and racks. Same possible configurations are shown below. Technical Description EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B...
  • Page 145 8-19 MINI-LINK BAS Connection Field R-AAS R-AAS Fan Unit Fan Unit C-AAS (CE Shelf) C-AAS (CE Shelf) Connection Field Control Processor Figure 8-15 Central Office in Cabinet BYB 501 EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...

  • Page 146: Rear Access Central Office

    The rear access shelves are primarily intended to be mounted in ANSI/EIA-310 compliant 19" or 23" equipment frames. Those types of racks are not included in the MINI-LINK BAS. The rear access system will be delivered on a shelf level. MINI-LINK BAS with rear access shelves must be deployed in racks accessible from the back, a possible configuration in 7’...

  • Page 147: O&M Facilities

    MINI-LINK BAS O&M Facilities EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...

  • Page 148: Introduction

    Introduction The MS, that performs the integrated control and supervision in all MINI-LINK BAS units by means of the EM and the CP, continuously monitors the transmission quality and alarm status. The information is fed to the supervision channels, which are extended throughout the MINI-LINK BAS equipment.

  • Page 149: At Setup

    MINI-LINK BAS 9.1.2 AT Setup Initial configuration of the AT (AT setup) is required before bringing the terminal into service and it is performed locally through the ACT. Differently, when the connection with the RN has been estabilished and the terminal has been signed on the configuration of AT parameters is possible only from the MS.
  • Page 150 MINI-LINK BAS Name Category Severity Description aal1BufOverflow Comm Minor Sent when buffer-overflow condition is detected. aal1Starvation Comm Minor Sent when buffer-underflow condition is detected. atControlChannel Major No communication with modem processor. atHwFailure Major General hw failure on an AT is detected.
  • Page 151 MINI-LINK BAS Name Category Severity Description incorrectSwVersion Major It is sent when a board has been loaded with the incorrect version of software. incorrectSwVersModem Minor The active LM in the Modem at Terminal side contains an incorrect SW version incorrectSwVersRadio...
  • Page 152 MINI-LINK BAS macSwdlFromActiveToRa Minor A background downloads from the MAC FPROM dioInProgress active part towards the passive area of Radio in progress at RN side. macModemSwDownload Major The download from the MAC FPROM active or Failure passive towards the passive area of Modem has failed at RN side.
  • Page 153 MINI-LINK BAS radioRxIfc Comm Critical Received frequency incorrect, Rx IF PLL unlocked radioTxFreq Comm Critical Transmits frequency incorrect, Tx PLL unlocked radioTxLevel Minor Unable to adjust radio output power level at AT side. radioTxLos Comm Major The IF input level from modem is too low.

  • Page 154: Events

    MINI-LINK BAS 9.2.2 Events The events that are not defined as alarms don’t have category or severity. When updating the event and alarm management window (by opening the event and alarm application) the events are logged in the event log.

  • Page 155: Test Loops

    MINI-LINK BAS Test Loops A set of physical loops is managed within the MINI-LINK BAS, focusing the segment between the RN and the AT. These loops are used with the system in off-line condition, because their use means traffic loss.

  • Page 156: At Far-End Loops

    MINI-LINK BAS 9-10 The I/F loop is used to verify if, at IF level, FlexNU, the AT is working correctly. The R/F loop is used to check if, at radio frequency level, outdoor part RAU, the AT is working properly.

  • Page 157: Performance Monitoring

    9-11 MINI-LINK BAS Performance Monitoring Transmission performance according to ITU-T G.826 and I.356 ATM is measured and logged. It specifies the error performance events, parameters and objectives for paths operating at bit rates at or above the primary rate. The G.826 recommendation evaluates performance by measuring errors in blocks.

  • Page 158: Signals Monitoring

    MINI-LINK BAS 9-12 9.4.1 Signals Monitoring The RF signal is measured for monitoring of antenna alignment, path acceptance by means of check the actual RF levels, alarm generation, RF monitoring, long time RF measurement to discover slow degradation in system gain.

  • Page 159: Local Supervision Interface

    9-13 MINI-LINK BAS Local Supervision Interface The local supervision consists of: • LEDs on the indoor units, when present, for fault detection • LEDs on the outdoor RAUs for fault detection Hereafter are described the functions of every LED present in the MINI-LINK BAS.
  • Page 160 MINI-LINK BAS 9-14 Unit Name Colour Status Function Power Green Power on Fail HW fail or if LI1 and LI2 LED are ON too, the board is unmanaged LI 1 Yellow Port successfully connected SU 10/100BaseT (no meaning on PVC)
  • Page 161 9-15 MINI-LINK BAS Unit Name Colour Status Function Link Green Link on ATM interface CP (Slot PMC2) Status Yellow Blinking The status is OK The status is not OK Power Green RAU is power On Radio Alarm Alarm on the RAU...

  • Page 162: System Upgrade

    MINI-LINK BAS 9-16 System Upgrade A system upgrade procedure with minor service interruption is available. The complete procedure to upgrade the system is described in Figure 9-3, covering also the case of CP and EM software upgrade. Depending on the modifications introduced by the new software baseline, some steps could be skipped, shown with a grey background.

  • Page 163: Install Sw Upgrade File

    9-17 MINI-LINK BAS 9.7.1 Install SW Upgrade File The new configuration files containing the new baseline and the new software files are installed in the CP file system. 9.7.2 Download Modules Based on the HW-SW relationships contained in the baseline configuration files, the download procedure is started.

  • Page 164: Start Control Processor In "Upgrade Mode

    MINI-LINK BAS 9-18 9.7.7 Start Control Processor in “Upgrade mode” The software upgrade procedure requires that all the CP applications are not running. Only the equipment handling process is started. This operational mode of the CP is called “upgrade mode”.

  • Page 165: Restart Control Processor

    9-19 MINI-LINK BAS 9.7.9 Restart Control Processor After all the upgradeable boards have swapped the passive and active load modules, the CP must be restarted in order to re-establish the complete system functionality. In this phase, all the ATs are signed-on again, the network database is restored and the CP makes an audit procedure on all the network.

  • Page 166: Case B

    MINI-LINK BAS 9-20 9.7.10.2 Case B This case it the most critical one, as after the upgrade command, see Paragragh 9.7.8, no remote terminal is able to re-establish the connection. This would imply to send installation personnel to each remote site. The immediate consequence would be very long traffic interruption times and high costs.
  • Page 167 9-21 MINI-LINK BAS SW Rollback LEGENDA Restore previous SW upagrade file Mandatory Steps Optional Steps Install previous Traffic not affected Management System Traffic interrupted Stop Control Processor Install previous CP software Restore previous Network dB Start CP in "upgrade mode"...
  • Page 168 MINI-LINK BAS 9-22 AT automatic SW Rollback Last executed command was a load module swap? Start Timeout timer Try to reconnect to RN connection Timeout expired? Swap load modules Disable automatic rollback Exit Figure 9-5 Automatic SW Rollback in the AT...
  • Page 169 11-1 MINI-LINK BAS Index EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...
  • Page 170 MINI-LINK BAS 11-2 11.1 Index AAL-1/UDT ..................4-6 AAL5 ....................4-5 Access Termination (AT) ..............2-5 ACT ....................2-6 alarm and event handling..............6-25 Alarms ....................9-3 Amplitude Control Loop ..............5-6 antenna....................8-5 AT Far-End loop................9-10 AT near-end loops ................9-9 AT Outdoor Unit ................2-6 AT Site....................8-8 ATM ....................7-2 ATM Fault Management ..............7-8...

  • Page 171: Frequency Range

    MAC...................2-6, 2-7 MAC protocol.................. 5-20 Managed Resource Interface (MRI) ..........6-19 Media Control Loops................. 5-5 MINI-LINK BAS ................2-2 MINI-LINK BAS control architecture ..........9-2 Modulation Index Radio Control Loop ..........5-7 NCU....................2-6 Network Unit (FlexNU) ..............2-6 NNI....................7-5 OC-3/STM-1 ..................

  • Page 172: System Features

    MINI-LINK BAS 11-4 PBX ....................4-2 PDU ....................8-15 Performance..................9-11 performance management..............6-27 physical interfaces ................2-12 physical layer...................5-18 Physical Layer ...................5-3 physical loops ..................9-9 POU C-AAS ..................8-12 PSTN ....................4-2 PSU R-AAS..................8-3 Quality Performance Monitoring.............5-18 Radio Bandwith Bit Rate..............5-23 Radio Link Adaptation ..............5-8 Radio Node..................2-6 Radio Unit (RAU) ................8-4...
  • Page 173 11-5 MINI-LINK BAS VC-AIS cells ..................7-8 VC-AIS/VC-RDI cells ..............7-8 Virtual Connections................7-3 VoIP....................3-11 VP/VC Connection................7-4 VP-AIS/VP-RDI cells ............... 7-8 VPI/VCI values ................. 7-4 Wind Load..................10-18 EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B Technical Description...
  • Page 174 MINI-LINK BAS 11-6 Technical Description EN/LZB 111 0542 P2B...

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