Related Manuals for Radius PDR 121
Summary of Contents for Radius PDR 121
- Page 1 Packet Data Radio Installation and Operation Manual PDR 121 RADIUS RADIO NETWORK TECHNOLOGY...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
Quick Start Guide _______________________________________________________ 12 Glossary Of Terms ______________________________________________________ 13 dBm to W Conversion Table ______________________________________________________ 14 The PDR 121 Radio Transceiver Functionality________________________________ 15 PDR 121 Operation Blocks _______________________________________________________ 15 FEC - Forward Error Correction____________________________________________________ 15 CRC – Cyclic Redundancy Checksum ______________________________________________ 15... - Page 3 Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 12.4 Configuration Menus _________________________________________________________ 48 12.5 Network ___________________________________________________________________ 48 12.5.1 System ID __________________________________________________________________________48 12.5.2 Radio ID ___________________________________________________________________________48 12.5.3 RTU 01..20 – RTU 81..99 ______________________________________________________________49 12.5.4 Repeat Alternative Systems ____________________________________________________________50 12.5.5 View Network _______________________________________________________________________50 12.5.6 Clear Network _______________________________________________________________________50 12.6...
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Page 4: General
Amendment 2004-10-13 Arto Valtonen First revision 2004-12-10 Arto Valtonen Second revision, added new configuration menus - ‘Advanced’ 1.2 RADIUS Contact Information RADIUS Sweden AB RADIUS UK Ltd RADIUS US Inc. Tennvägen 1 Unit 4E 10700 W. Venture Drive SE-371 50 KARLSKRONA... -
Page 5: Find Your Way In The Manual
Chapter 3 gives an introduction to Radius PDR 121 system and some application examples. Chapter 4 contains technical specifications for the PDR 121. Chapter 5 provides a Quick Start Guide for installation and configuration of the PDR 121 Chapter 6 contains a Glossary of Terms. -
Page 6: Introduction
A PDR 121 system consists of one master and up to 99 slave radio units. Each slave radio can operate as a repeater, stand-alone or with an RTU device connected. A message can be repeated via up to six radios, 7 hops, to reach its destination. -
Page 7: Typical Application Areas
RADIUS 3.1 Typical Application Areas RADIUS has been a global player in the digital data wireless market for well over a decade, helping a wide range of customers meeting their operational and financial targets. Working with SME’s up to Blue Chip companies, RADIUS has provided products, systems and services to maximise the benefit afforded by their wireless technology. -
Page 8: Examples Of Typical Application Networks
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 3.1.1 Examples Of Typical Application Networks 3.1.1.1 Point-to-Point Control system PLC, RTU or other devices 3.1.1.2 Point-to-Multipoint Control system PLC, RTU or other devices PLC, RTU or other PLC, RTU or other devices devices PLC, RTU or other... - Page 9 Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 3.1.1.3 Water/Wastewater Network Peer-To-Peer Reservoir Pump house Water treatment plant Waste water plant Control system The example above shows two substations communicating Peer-To-Peer. iom_pdr121_04_r02.doc Rev 02 Page 9 (67)
- Page 10 Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 3.1.1.4 Electrical Distribution Network Recloser Metering points Substation Substation Capacitor switch Control system iom_pdr121_04_r02.doc Rev 02 Page 10 (67)
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Page 11: Technical Specifications
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 4 Technical Specifications Radio Transceiver Data Rates 4800…19200 bps Frequency Range UHF 403..470 MHz. VHF 132…174 MHz. Other bands available on request. Frequency Splits Various Tx/Rx frequency splits configurable Operation modes Half Duplex, Simplex Modulation... -
Page 12: Quick Start Guide
1. Install antenna(s) and antenna cable(s). See Radius Antenna Installation Manual. 2. Install the PDR 121 in to the RTU cabinet. / Install the PDR 121 cabinet. See chapter 9. 3. Connect the antenna cable, ground wire, RS232 cable and power supply to the PDR 221. -
Page 13: Glossary Of Terms
The following glossary explains these terms, which can be helpful in understanding the operation of the PDR 121. Bit – is the smallest unit of digital data, computational quantity that can take on one of two values, such as false and true or 0 and 1. -
Page 14: Dbm To W Conversion Table
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS Parity – A one-bit quantity indicating whether the number of 1’s in a word is even or odd. Peer-to-Peer – Peer-to-Peer is a communications model in which each party has the same capabilities and either party can initiate a communication session. Other models with which it might be compared to, include the client/server model and the master/slave model. -
Page 15: The Pdr 121 Radio Transceiver Functionality
PDR 121 RADIUS 7 The PDR 121 Radio Transceiver Functionality This chapter describes the PDR 121 radio functionality. 7.1 PDR 121 Operation Blocks The figure below shows the basic building blocks of the PDR 121. PDR121 RS232 Radio 4 level FSK... -
Page 16: Communication
RADIUS 7.4 Communication The PDR 121 can act as a master or a slave/repeater in the system. The routing information, RTU addresses, radio identities and repeater paths, are configured in each radio unit. When the connected control system transmits a telegram to the master, the master reads the telegram address, i.e. -
Page 17: Radio Receiver Sensitivity
This means that there is less than 1 bit error out of 1 million bits when the signal strength at the receiver is at –110 dBm. It is important to know that this value in many cases can depend on the bit pattern used. RADIUS uses a random bit pattern to determine receiver sensitivity, which includes all possible bit pattern variations. -
Page 18: Rssi - Received Signal Strength Indication
The RSSI value can be used to determine the quality of a radio link. The RSSI values can be retrieved by executing the Radio Link Test in the configuration menus, see 12.7.6. The PDR 121 measures the RSSI value using an A/D converter. The received signal strength is measured in volts and is translated to a dBm value. -
Page 19: Differences Between Pdr 121 Models
RADIUS 7.8 Differences between PDR 121 Models All models of the PDR 121 are very similar in appearance and functionality. The only differences are in frequency coverage, channel bandwidth and radio data speed. The table below summarizes the available models and identifies the characteristics of each. -
Page 20: Operating The Pdr 121
Lit (flashed) when a carrier is detected. Can be used to detect interfering signals. (If the Rx LED is not lit simultaneously). Note! The PDR 121 does not charge batteries via the battery connection jack. See chapter 9.3. iom_pdr121_04_r02.doc Rev 02... -
Page 21: Peer-To-Peer
RTU network. The basic strategy is that the PDR 121 always listens to the radio channel. If it detects a transmission from another radio, it will not start a transmission until the ongoing transmission is finished. - Page 22 Note! Many DNP3 RTU’s have internal collision avoidance mechanisms. Those must be considered when configuring the PDR 121. Note! The re-transmission delay of the RTU’s must be adapted to the Collision Avoidance delays of the RTU.
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Page 23: Remote Frequency Change
PDR 121 RADIUS 8.4 Remote frequency change The PDR 121 provides a function to change the radio network frequency/frequencies remotely, without having to visit all radio sites. The function is executed from the designated master radio, via the configuration menus. -
Page 24: Remote Tx Power Change
8.8 Split transmitting and receiving frequencies If desired, the PDR 121 can be configured to operate with separate Tx and Rx frequencies. For example, the master can be configured to transmit at 142.000 MHz and to receive at 147.000 MHz. -
Page 25: Split Tx Uplink Frequency
The figure above shows an example of a small Split Tx Uplink network. The dashed boxes shows the configuration of each radio. The PDR 121 with Ra ID 02 will transmit on 440 MHz when transmitting RTU messages and repeating to the master. (Uplink). When repeating from the master (downlink), the transmit frequency is 442 MHz. -
Page 26: Repeating Alternative Systems
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 8.10 Repeating Alternative Systems Normally, a PDR121 unit discards radio messages containing a non- valid System ID. However, it is possible to configure up to four alternative system ids. This allows two - or more - parallel systems to use one another’s radio units as repeaters. -
Page 27: Installation
The PDR 121 has an earth/ground terminal on one of its sides. This should be connected to earth (ground). It is to be noted that this ground connector is internally connected to the negative pole of the power supply. -
Page 28: Battery Power Supply
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 9.3 Battery Power Supply If a re-chargeable battery is to be used, the connection shall be made as follows: Power Supply Battery Note! The Battery Input shall only be used for non-rechargeable batteries. iom_pdr121_04_r02.doc Rev 02... -
Page 29: Serial Interface
RADIUS 9.4 Serial Interface The PDR 121 is connected to the control system / RTU via the RS-232 interface. The serial data transmission is full duplex with selectable data speeds between 600 and 19200 bps, with or without parity. See chapter 12.6 for configuration. -
Page 30: Serial Cable Configurations
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 9.4.2 Serial Cable Configurations DB9F = D-Sub, 9 pin, Female DB9M = D-Sub, 9 pin, Male DB25F = D-Sub, 25 pin, Female DB25M = D-Sub, 25 pin, Male 9.4.2.1 DTE – DCD Cable Type 1... - Page 31 Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 9.4.2.2 DCE – DCE Cable Type 8 Cable Type 9 Cable Type 7 PDR (DCE) PDR (DCE) PDR (DCE) DB9M DB9M DB9M DB9M DB9M DB9M DCD 1 ⊃ ⊂ 1 DCD DCD 1 ⊃ ⊂ 1 DCD DCD 1 ⊃...
- Page 32 Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 9.4.2.3 CTS Operation during Radio Tx PDR121 receives a serial message from the control system RS232 Rx PDR121 transmits the message on the radio Radio Tx CTS becomes low while the message is transmitted on the radio Figure 6.
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Page 33: Eia Rs323 Conversion Table
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 9.4.2.5 Pre- and Post DCD PDR121 receives a radio message Radio Rx PDR121 transmits the message on the serial interface after configured Pre DCD time RS232 Tx DCD is high during the Pre DCD time, the serial... -
Page 34: Cabinet Mounting
RADIUS 9.5 Cabinet Mounting 9.5.1 PDR 121 mounted in cabinet If the Packet Data Radio 121 is mounted in a cabinet, this is built up as shown below: Figure 9. PDR 121 mounted in cabinet. Object Name Description Packet Data Radio Data radio. -
Page 35: Accessories
RADIUS provides a wide range of accessories and spare parts for radios and radio network installations. All equipments have been tested to be appropriate for use with RADIUS radios and have been selected by people with many years of radio network experience. -
Page 36: Radio Networking
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 11 Radio Networking This chapter general radio network equipment, terms and how to calculate a “Radio Link Budget”. This information can be useful when planning a radio network, but is not essential for using the PDR 121. -
Page 37: Antenna Types
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 11.1.2 Antenna Types There are basically two categories of antennas, omni-directional and directional. An omni- directional antenna radiates in all directions. A directional antenna radiates in one direction only. An omni-directional antenna should not be confused with an isotropic radiator. While an isotropic radiator will radiate in all 3 dimensional directions, an omni-directional antenna may not radiate vertically (up or down). -
Page 38: Antenna Gain Versus Radio Output Power
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 11.1.2.2 Omni-Directional Antenna Here is an example of an omni-directional antenna. In this case it is a ground plane antenna. 11.1.3 Antenna Gain versus Radio Output Power Increasing the receiver sensitivity by 3dBm is equal to doubling the output power. -
Page 39: Fade Margin
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 11.2 Fade Margin Fade Margin is an expression for how much margin - in dB - there is between the received signal strength level and the receiver sensitivity of the radio. The figure below describes the term fade margin. Site A is transmitting with 33dBm (2W) power. -
Page 40: Radio Link Calculations
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 11.3 Radio Link Calculations This section contains some useful formulas for radio “link budget” calculations. Note that the calculations are based on assumptions of certain circumstances and should only be used as a guideline for radio network design. In reality, many factors can have an impact on the radio link. - Page 41 Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS Example 1 D = 12.5 miles (20 kilometres) F = 142.000 MHz Ht = 65 feet (20 meters) Hr = 16 feet (5 meters) A = 117 + 40 x log 12.5 + 20 x log 142 – 20 x log(65 x 16) 117 + 43.8764 + 43.0457 –...
- Page 42 Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS Example 1 Is the radio link theoretically possible? Calculation of fade margin FM; Distance = 3 miles (5km) Antenna height 1 = 65 feet (20 meters) Antenna height 2 = 16 feet (5 meters) Radio Tx Power...
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Page 43: Line Of Sight Calculations
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 11.3.2 Line Of Sight Calculations The formulas below are to be used when there is no terrain or obstacles that can interfere with the radio signal (line of sight). The first calculation to be made is the FSL, Free Space Loss. The FSL value tells how much the signal strength is decreased due to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. - Page 44 Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 11.3.2.1 Radio Link Budget FM = Srx + Ptx + Gtx + FSL + Grx – Cl Can be used to calculate any of the factors within. FM = Fade Margin (See chapter 11.2). Srx = Sensitivity of the receiver (dBm) (using +dBm instead of –dBm)
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Page 45: Configuration
Software: PDR121S v1.0 Build Sep 15 2004 ArtNo:303062-4 SwNo:50 HwNo:18 Executing Press C to enter configuration mode Note! If the PDR 121 was powered up before connected to the terminal program, you need to press ‘C’ to enter the configuration menus. iom_pdr121_04_r02.doc Rev 02... -
Page 46: Configuration Menus Overview
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 12.3 Configuration Menus Overview Packet Data Radio - PDR121 Copyright RADIUS Sweden AB Software: PDR121S v1.0 Build Sep 15 2004 ArtNo:303062-4 SwNo:50 HwNo:18 1. Network 2. Serial 3. Radio 4. Advanced 5. List Configuration E. Exit Configuration Mode Network 1. - Page 47 Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS RTU Adr Radio Id 00001 00002 System Id : 01 Radio Id : 99 Protocol : DNP3 Serial : 9600 8N1 Inter Character Timeout : 250 ms Pre DCD : 0 ms See 12.9, page...
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Page 48: Configuration Menus
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 12.4 Configuration Menus After pressing ‘C’, the main menu is displayed. Packet Data Radio - PDR121 Copyright RADIUS Sweden AB Software: PDR121S v1.0 Build Sep 15 2004 ArtNo:303062-4 SwNo:50 HwNo:18 1. Network 2. Serial 3. Radio 4. -
Page 49: Rtu 01
When the PDR 121 master receives a message on the serial port, it checks if the protocol address is configured in the RTU Id list. If the address is listed, the message will be transmitted to the radio (Id) tied to the RTU Id address in the list. -
Page 50: Repeat Alternative Systems
This feature is for the selection of the maximal space, in time (ms), between characters in a serial telegram to be accepted by the PDR 121. Entering ‘00’ inhibits the function and the PDR 121 accepts an infinite amount of time between characters in an incoming telegram. Note: Entering “00”... -
Page 51: Pre Dcd
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 12.6.5 Pre DCD The Pre DCD specifies during how long time the DCD signal shall be active before the PDR transmits the serial message to the connected device. See chapter 9.4. 12.6.6 Post DCD The Post DCD specifies during how long time the DCD signal shall be active after the PDR hast transmitted a serial message to the connected device. -
Page 52: Receiver Test
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 12.7.7 Receiver Test Receiver Test activates the radio receiver. This function is mostly used for testing the radio receiver during production or service. 12.7.8 Transmitter Test Transmitter Test activates the radio transmitter (modulated with bit pattern). This function is mostly used during production or service, but may also be used for antenna measurements. -
Page 53: Split Tx Uplink
Shows the Recieved Signal Strength in realtime. This feature is usable when adjusting the antenna direction. This is easily done by chosing the radio ID of a PDR 121 to which the communication is intended. The chosen radio will then start a continous bit stream during 1 minute. The radio will send an request to the chosen radio ID and will then automatically show the RSSI in realtime. -
Page 54: System Frequency Change
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 12.8.12 System Frequency Change This feature changes the radio network frequency remotely to all radio units on the network. See chapter 8.4 for detailed description. 12.8.12.1 Split Uplink Frequency The System Frequency Change feature is designed to support split uplink frequency. If separate... -
Page 55: List Configuration
Non-Intrusive Diagnostics : OFF Press any key to continue... 12.10 Default Configuration The example below shows the default settings of the PDR 121. Those settings will occur if the clear configuration function is activated. System Id : 00 Radio Id... -
Page 56: Configuration Examples
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 13 Configuration Examples Note! The differences in radio network menu configuration between the protocols is due to different RTU address content. The DNP3 protocol messages contain both source and destination adresses, (control system and RTU adresses). The IEC870 and RP570 protocol contain the RTU address only. -
Page 57: Network Menu Configurations - Dnp3
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 13.2 Network Menu Configurations – DNP3 The master radio network menu shall contain the remote DNP3 RTU addresses; the radio ID connected to the RTU and eventual repeater radio ID’s. The slave radio network menus shall contain the DNP3 control system address; the radio ID connected to the control system and eventual repeater radio ID’s. -
Page 58: Network Menu Configurations - Iec870 / Rp570
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 13.3 Network Menu Configurations – IEC870 / RP570 The master radio network menu shall contain the remote IEC870 / RP570 RTU addresses; the radio ID connected to the RTU and eventual repeater radio ID’s. The slave radio network menus shall contain the connected IEC870 / RP570 RTU address, the radio ID connected to the control system and eventual repeater radio ID’s. -
Page 59: Network Menu Configurations - Comli
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 13.4 Network Menu Configurations – COMLI The master radio network menu shall contain the remote COMLI RTU addresses; the radio ID connected to the RTU and eventual repeater radio ID’s. The slave radio network menus shall contain the address zero, which is the COMLI protocol master address;... -
Page 60: Radio Test Functions
2, the bit error rate should be below 10% (100 bit errors). Please contact RADIUS support to evaluate any test results. A command is transmitted from the particular radio unit to the receiving radio unit, which replies by transmitting back a random sequence bit stream. - Page 61 Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS Figure 10 describes a bit error rate test between the master and the slave with the identity 11. Bit error rate tests can be carried out between all radio types. Bit error rate test Attenuator detected...
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Page 62: Communication Test
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 14.2 Communication Test The communication test is used to test complete communication path between two radio units in the network. Five attempts are carried out per test. If acknowledge is received from the opposite radio, Passed is presented on the screen. If no acknowledge is received, Failed is presented. See the menu example below. -
Page 63: Radio Link Test
Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS 14.3 Radio Link Test The Radio Link Test is used to check the RSSI levels (Received Signal Strength Indication) and the Tx power levels of the radios on a chosen link in the radio network. -
Page 64: Trouble Shooting
Is the correct type of cable is used to the RS323 interface according to chapter 4. 15.2 Support Please contact RADIUS for support and further troubleshooting. Please write down the serial number on the product in question and a description of the products behaviour when the error was noted before contacting RADIUS, so that we can provide fast and correct help. -
Page 65: Education And User Feedback
We can arrange training classes if you want to let people in your organization to get a broad knowledge about your RADIUS system in general, or if you want your technicians to become “gurus” when it comes to crimping antenna connectors, trouble shooting and to create smart solutions with RADIUS system. - Page 66 Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS AppendixA – PDR 121 Layout Drawing iom_pdr121_04_r02.doc Rev 02 Page 66 (67)
- Page 67 Product Description PDR 121 RADIUS References Reference Document Description [ 1 ] ANTENNAS Antenna equipment - installation description [ 2 ] MAINTMAN Maintenance Manual [ 3 ] [ 4 ] iom_pdr121_04_r02.doc Rev 02 Page 67 (67)