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Technalogix TAV-1000 Manual

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TAV-1000
POWER AMPLIFIER
NEW
ADVENTURES
IN
BROADCASTING

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Summary of Contents for Technalogix TAV-1000

  • Page 1 TAV-1000 POWER AMPLIFIER ADVENTURES BROADCASTING...
  • Page 2 No? Okay, good. Please take a few minutes to read the manual and familiarize yourself with your new Technalogix power amplifier. We believe that this manual, and of course our equipment, should be everything you need to get on the air with superb broadcast quality video.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    AFETY AND IRST ....................I-3 PERATING AFEGUARDS ..................... II-1 ECTION ARRANTY ....................III-1 ECTION VERVIEW .....................III-1 TANDARD EATURES ....................III-2 RINCIPLE OF PERATION (TAV-1000) ..................III-3 LOCK IAGRAM (TAV-500)...................III-6 LOCK IAGRAM )............III-8 LOCK IAGRAM OMBINER ILTER NCLOSURE .......................III-9 PECIFICATIONS - RF C ................IV-1 ECTION OMPONENTS .......................
  • Page 4 ...............VII-1 ECTION ECHANICAL ECTION VIII ...................VIII-1 ECTION NSTALLATION ..................VIII-1 UILDING ECOMMENDATIONS ..............VIII-2 EATING AND OOLING EQUIREMENTS ..............VIII-3 LECTRICAL ERVICE ECOMMENDATIONS ..............VIII-4 NTENNA AND OWER ECOMMENDATIONS ......................VIII-5 HELTER ECURITY ..................VIII-6 NPACKING AND NSPECTION (TAV-500 P OCATION AND UNCTION OF ONTROLS AND ONNECTORS OWER )........................VIII-7...

  • Page 5: Section I- Safeguards

    Section I - Safeguards General Safeguards This section is written as a general guide to keep all 5 fingers on your hand and is intended for those having previous knowledge and experience with these kinds of equipment. It is not intended to contain a complete statement of all safety precautions, which should be observed by personnel using this or other electronic equipment.

  • Page 6: Safety And First Aid

    Safety and First Aid Personnel engaged in the installation, operation, maintenance, or servicing of electronic equipment are exposed to the hazard of high voltage. It is imperative that all safety regulations and precautions are consistently observed. Knowledge of first aid procedures is recommended. The following information is presented as a reference only.

  • Page 7: Operating Safeguards

    Operating Safeguards It is a known fact that our broadcast transmitters and translators enjoy 50-ohm load impedances. So much so, that it is imperative you maintain 50-ohm impedances throughout your system. In return, your equipment will provide you with maximum power transfer to the antenna and decreased reflected power heading back towards the amplifier pallets, reducing the amount of magic smoke that gets let out of the power amplifier.

  • Page 8: Section Ii - Warranty

    Technalogix agrees, at our option, to remedy warranted defects or furnish a new part in exchange for any part of a unit which, under normal installation, use and service, becomes defective. The user will pay for transportation costs to and from the repair center.
  • Page 9 Package equipment carefully for prepaid shipment to Technalogix. Include a written description of the problem experienced, a copy of the original invoice establishing warranty status, and the RMA. Technalogix reserves the right to make revisions in current production of the equipment and assumes no obligation to incorporate these changes in earlier models.

  • Page 10: Section Iii - Overview

    Section III - Overview Standard Features • Narrow output bandpass filter allows adjacent channel operation • Front panel Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) to monitor forward and reflected RF power, and DC voltage • Microcontroller-based monitoring and control ensures amplifier will never be overdriven and high VSWR will not damage amplifier •...

  • Page 11: Principle Of Operation

    Principle of Operation The TAV-1000 power amplifier supplies a 1000-watt peak video signal with 10% aural power on any of the VHF television channels 2 through 13. Please note that channel selection must be made at time of order, as the transmitter or translator is calibrated and tested to the channel requested and is not field tuneable.

  • Page 12: Block Diagram (Tav-1000)

    TAV-500 5U ENCLOSURE 2-WAY COMBINER SPLITTER FILTER RF OUT TO WATTMETER AND ANTENNA MODULATOR/PROCESSOR 1U ENCLOSURE 5U ENCLOSURE TAV-500 5U ENCLOSURE TAV-1000 Overall Block Diagram Date: December 17, 2003 Page: 1 of 1...
  • Page 13 Inside each 500-watt power amplifier, the signal gets split into (2) signals for final amplification using a 2-way Wilkinson power divider. The final amplification stage is comprised of (2) P400-VHF-L or (2) P400-VHF-H final amplifiers, for low or high band VHF, respectively. The outputs of the (2) final amplifier pallets are combined with a 2-way Wilkinson combiner and pass through a dual directional coupler for protection and monitoring purposes, as illustrated in the following TAV-500 block diagram.
  • Page 14 A=-0.08dB typ. A=-0.08dB typ. A=34dB typ. high band VHF P400-VHF FINAL 50 OHM TERMINATION A=18dB typ. low band VHF A=15dB typ. high band VHF TAV-500 Block Diagram for use with TAV-1000 Power Amplifiers Date: December 17, 2003 Page: 1 of 2...
  • Page 15 After amplification, the signal exits the power amplifier enclosure and goes into the combiner/filter enclosure, where the signals from each 500-watt amplifier are combined. After combining, the amplified signals are filtered with a bandpass filter and monitored again with another directional coupler before heading out to an antenna for broadcast, as depicted in the following combiner block diagram.

  • Page 16: Block Diagram (Tav-500)

    2-WAY Bandpass Filter COMBINER DIRECTIONAL COUPLER PA1 OUT RF OUT TO WATTMETER PA2 OUT AND ANTENNA A=-0.05dB A=-0.6dB to -1.0dB A=-0.45dB TAV-1000 Combiner Enclosure Block Diagram Date: December 17, 2003 Page: 1 of 1...

  • Page 17: Specifications

    For this reason, we recommend that any different modulator/processor be shipped to Technalogix so the system can be matched and set up optimally. In addition, the audio/video ratio the input to the power amplifier needs to be –10 dB in order for the software and LCD readout to be accurate.
  • Page 18 Input Level for 25 kHz Deviation 0.3 V Frequency Response (Standard Pre-emphasis) ±1 dB Harmonic Distortion (25 kHz Deviation) < 1% 50 Hz to 15 kHz Amplitude Modulation Noise > 50 dB Frequency Modulation Noise > 60 dB Intercarrier Stability ±250 Hz Physical Characteristics Power Requirements...

  • Page 19: Section Iv - Rf Components

    Section IV – RF Components Amplifier Pallets The PA25-VHF pallet is a two stage ultra linear class-A linear pallet. The PA25-VHF-L has a typical gain of 40dB and the PA25-VHF-H has a typical gain of 34dB. These pallets draw no more than 3.0Adc total drain current (the exact bias and drain currents of your system are found in the spec sheet supplied with each manual).
  • Page 20 TECHNALOGIX LTD. 25 W VHF HI BAND DRIVER P25-VHF-H R.S. MCDONALD 14 SEPTEMBER, 2000...
  • Page 21 Technalogix Ltd. 400 Watt High Band VHF Pallet P400-VHF-H R.S. McDonald July 30, 2001...

  • Page 22: Final Combiner

    Power Divider/Combiner (internal to each TAV-500 enclosure) A Wilkinson power divider and combiner (identical printed circuit boards) are used to split the RF signal into, and combine the amplified RF signal out of the (2) P400-VHF final amplifier pallets. Flanged power resistors help ensure that any differences between the inputs or outputs is balanced.

  • Page 23: Directional Coupler

    Directional Coupler (internal to TAV-500 and combiner enclosures) The Technalogix dual directional couplers provide DC voltages proportional to forward and reflected RF power monitoring. These analog voltages are converted for processing using a 10-bit analog-to-digital converter and provide the control system with valuable data for monitoring purposes. The directional couplers installed in the power amplifier and filter enclosures have peak detection circuits on the forward RF power side of the coupler and average detection circuits on the reflected RF power side of the coupler.

  • Page 24: Section V - Power Supply Section

    Section V – Power Supply Switching AC-DC power supplies are used to power the amplifier pallets, the control circuits, and all of the fans. There is one power supply located in each power amplifier enclosure to generate the necessary current for the amplifier pallets.

  • Page 25: Switching Power Supply

    MEAN WELL PSP-1500 SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY SERIES ISO-9001 CERTIFIED MANUFACTURER .LOW COST, HIGH RELIABILITY .100% FULL LOAD BURN-IN TEST .BUILT IN EMI FILTER, CURRENT SHARING CIRCUIT C OUTPUT CAPACITOR .105 º .BUILT IN REMOTE CONTROL, REMOTE SENSE, .BUILT IN PFC CIRCUIT PFC>=0.95, POWER GOOD SIGNAL COMPLIES WITH EN61000-3-2 .SHORT CIRCUIT, OVERLOAD, OVER VOLTAGE, OVER TEMP.

  • Page 27: Section Vi - Monitor And Control System

    Section VI – Monitor and Control System Control Board Overview (Series IIH) The control printed circuit boards (PCB) are located at the front of each enclosure connected directly to the back of the liquid crystal displays (LCD) and are identified as Series IIH PCBs. The main purpose of the Series IIH PCB is to monitor the RF power and the DC supply voltages in the power amplifier and filter enclosures and to monitor the DC supply voltages in the power supply enclosure.

  • Page 28: Interface Components

    Interface Components The interface section of the Series IIH PCB includes the front panel switch interfacing in addition to the buzzer and carrier disable output circuits. The (4) momentary switches found on the front panels of each enclosure are tied to the microcontroller through an isolation stage to avoid any static discharge or noise on the switch wiring from reaching the microcontroller.
  • Page 29 The buzzer control comes from pin 5 on microcontroller U14. The control signal turns on the base of transistor Q1, which allows current to flow through the single tone magnetic buzzer. Jumper J4 simply turns off the buzzer. The carrier disable circuit simply applies a shutdown voltage to the driver pallet in the system. The U14 generates the signal out of pin 21 and controls relay Q2 through R17.

  • Page 30: Signal Conditioning Components

    Signal Conditioning Components The signal processing section of the Series IIH PCBs is used to buffer potentially noisy or damaging signals from the ADC. Power supply voltages and forward and reflected power samples from a directional coupler are then digitized. Firstly, all analog signals are protected with a resettable fuse and transient voltage suppressor (TVS) combination.

  • Page 31: Display Components

    Display Components The display section of the Series IIH PCB is comprised of the LCD and the components that make up the data bus which send the data from the microcontroller to the LCD. Specifically, the LCD is an alphanumeric 20X4 display that uses the industry standard 44780 controller and a parallel interface for data communications.

  • Page 32: Microcontroller Components

    Microcontroller Components The heart of the monitor and control system found in Series IIH PCBs is microcontroller U14. This microcontroller analyzes all RF power levels and voltages to ensure that all operating parameters are within their predetermined safe operating levels. If a fault is found, appropriate action is taken to help protect the system from damage, which may include turning the RF carriers off.

  • Page 33: Fault Shutdown

    Fault Shutdowns On the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) the following messages may appear: If you see this message, the system will: shut amp down for 1 minute automatically turn amp on after 1 minute and check again for overdriven amplifier come back to the same power level that it was set If you see this message, the system will: shut amp down for 5 minutes...

  • Page 34: Enclosure Interfacing

    Enclosure Interfacing In the event of a fault in the combiner/filter enclosure, for example high reflected power or overdriven output levels, the power amplifier enclosures need to know that there is a fault. A DB9 cable accomplishes this by sending a fault signal from the combiner/filter enclosure to indicate to the power amplifier enclosure that action may need to be taken.

  • Page 35: Aterials

    Series II - Bill of Materials revision: Optional part depending on power level of TV or FM date: 20-Aug-04 Item Qty Components Description Tolerance Package Equivalency Challenge Electronics TDB05; Global Components TDB05, Tranducers USA TRIE-1205P BUZZER, magnetic, 5V, single tone Through hole C1 (solder side), C5 Panasonic ECE-V1JA101P, NIC...

  • Page 36: Bill O F Materials

    Series II - Bill of Materials revision: Optional part depending on power level of TV or FM date: 20-Aug-04 RESISTOR, 4.99 kohm, 1/10 watt, thick film SMD 0805 Panasonic ERJ-6ENF4991V RESISTOR, 2.7 KOHM, 1/10 watt, thick R26 (next to VR2) film SMD 0805 RESISTOR, 680 OHM, 1/10 watt, thick...
  • Page 37 SERIES II, REV. H - Control System Vin Cond Feedbk 1 Vin +5Vdc Vout 0805 CHIP ELECTROLYTIC NEAR BUZZER ELECTROLYTIC SOLDER SIDE Feedbk 2 Vin Pin15LCD Vout COMPONENT SIDE ELECTROLYTIC SOLDER SIDE ELECTROLYTIC SOLDER SIDE BK LT BkLtCtrl CTRL SELECT +8V OUT 1206 CHIP NEAR POW.
  • Page 38 SERIES II, REV. H - Control System +5Vdc PWR In +5Vdc VW uPC PWR uPC VW In +5Vdc NAV In NC(RC6) SEL In PIN17uPC +5Vdc RES uPC RES In J3 5 Ground J4 3 +5Vdc Buzzer Buzzer delete +5Vdc +5Vdc Rly.
  • Page 39 SERIES II, REV. H - Control System Isoltd 8 Analog 8 SOLDER SIDE 1206 CHIP For U7 Isoltd 7 Analog 7 Isoltd 6 Analog 6 SOLDER SIDE 0805 CHIP Isoltd 5 Analog 5 SOLDER SIDE 0805 CHIP 0805 BESIDE Isoltd 4 Low Threshold Adjust Isoltd 3 Analog 3...
  • Page 40 SERIES II, REV. H - Control System +5Vdc Isoltd 1 Isoltd 2 1210 CHIP SOLDER SIDE 0805 NEAR U8 0805 NEAR U8 0805 CHIP Isoltd 3 COMP. SIDE Low Thresh Pin 3 on U9 is left Isoltd 4 unconnected on PCB Vref ConvStrt Cref...
  • Page 41 SERIES II, REV. H - Control System Pin3LCD Pin15LCD BkLtCtrl +5Vdc DfromUPC Dclk Latch1CS Latch2CS uPCPIN14 U11: LCD control signals, LCD backlight control, and External interface outputs U12: LCD data bus (D0...D7) D0...D7 is text or instruction A. Sivacoe Series II: Control System LCD Section Date: March 8, 2004 Page: 1 of 1...
  • Page 42 SERIES II, REV. H - Control System Reset Reset +5Vdc Dclk DfromUPC CONVST MCLR/Vpp DtoUPC Dig.Out1 Latch1CS Dig.Out2 Latch2CS RB0/INT Rly.Ctrl Buzzer OSC1/CLKin OSC2/CLKout RC0/T1CKI RC7/RX/CK Dig.In 3 RC1/CCP2 RC6/TX/CK OSC1 RC2/CCP1 RC5/SD0 OSC2 RC3/SCK/CLRC4/SDI/SDA Dig.In 2 Dig.In 1 *HOLD A.

  • Page 43: Section Vii - Mechanical Section

    Section VII – Mechanical Section The heat sink allows the amplifiers to operate at a cooler temperature and prevents overheating, which helps the longevity of the entire system. The heat sink has hollow fins, which help dissipate the heat from the amplifiers faster than a conventional serrated or corrugated fin.

  • Page 44: Section Viii - Installation

    A sloping roof will tend to develop leaks less rapidly. The building should be well roofed with good material. The cooling load will be lowered with reflective or light colored roofing material. Technalogix Ltd VIII-1...

  • Page 45: Heating And Cooling Requirements

    The environment’s temperature will contribute greatly to the length of the power amplifier’s life. Refer to the specifications in Section 3.0 for humidity and temperature specifications. Technalogix recommends that the building’s filtered air intake must have capacity for all air-flow in the building plus an additional 20%. The TAV- 1000 uses (10) ball bearing fans –...

  • Page 46: Electrical Service Recommendations

    • You are apt to get better overall support if you give what business you can to local suppliers Technalogix recommends that proper AC line conditioning and surge suppression be provided on the primary AC input to the power amplifier. All electrical service should be installed with your national electrical code in your area, any applicable provincial or state codes, and good engineering practice.

  • Page 47: Antenna And Tower Recommendations

    Technalogix provides complete turnkey antenna systems if needed. If your site is serving as a translator, your receiving antenna should be in line of sight to the originating station all year round.

  • Page 48: Shelter Security

    A location leeward of some natural topographical feature will prevent wind damage and snowdrifts. Check the soil runoff conditions that may slow or hasten wind or water erosion and other concerns that may be unique to your location. Technalogix Ltd VIII-5...

  • Page 49: Unpacking And Inspection

    • If the equipment is damaged and must be returned to the factory, phone for a return authorization. • Claims for loss or damage may not be withheld from any payment to Technalogix, nor may any payment due be withheld pending the outcome thereof. Technalogix cannot guarantee the carrier’s performance.

  • Page 50: Location And Function Of Controls And Connectors

    Location and Function of Controls and Connectors (TAV-500 Power Amplifier) The following illustration depicts the location of the connectors when installing each of the 500-watt power amplifiers (TAV-500). Technalogix Ltd VIII-7...
  • Page 51 2: ground for 2 seconds to toggle carrier on/off, float otherwise pin 3: common ground pin 4: DC power supply sample AC IN – AC input to switching power supply. Switching power supply draws a maximum of 8 A at 220 V Technalogix Ltd VIII-8...

  • Page 52: Location And Function Of Controls And Connectors (Combiner /Filter Enclosure )

    Location and Function of Controls and Connectors (Combiner / Filter Enclosure) The following illustration depicts the location of the connectors when installing each of the 500-watt power amplifiers (TAV-500). Technalogix Ltd VIII-9...
  • Page 53 2: ground for 2 seconds to toggle carrier on/off, float otherwise pin 3: common ground pin 4: DC power supply sample AC IN – AC input to switching power supply. Switching power supply draws a maximum of 2 A at 110 V Technalogix Ltd VIII-10...

  • Page 54: Initial Hook Up

    10. There is no PSU external to PA’s. 11. Connect the transmitting antenna cable to the RF OUT N-type connector on the filter enclosure RF output. Technalogix Ltd VIII-11...

  • Page 55: Section Ix - Operating Procedures

    The TAV-1000 power amplifier has been factory aligned for channel frequency (per system specification), signal levels and optimum performance.
  • Page 56 13. The TAV-1000 LCDs show the user the present status of the amplifiers. Adjust RF output power to desired level (see Important RF Power Notice in previous section). Verify that the FWD Power reads 800 to 1,000 Watts on the combiner/filter enclosure - depending on signal content. The system is set up for 1,000 watts peak visual power using the sync and blanking signal and should read 1,000 watts FWD Power on the LCD under this condition only.

  • Page 57: Section X - Maintenance And Troubleshooting

    Section X – Maintenance and Troubleshooting Periodic Maintenance If your unit employs a filter on the air inlet for the fans, the filter should be cleaned every 30 days. If the equipment is operated in a severe dust environment, the filters on the inlet fan may need to be cleaned more regularly.

  • Page 58: Troubleshooting

    Troubleshooting The first and most important aspect of troubleshooting anything is to be systematic. Note where you have looked and what you found. Look first for the obvious. • Make a physical inspection of the entire facility. Are all necessary connections properly made? Do you see any signs of obvious damage within the equipment? •...
  • Page 59 Symptom Possible Fault Correction Weak output or picture Low level input signal Verify presence and level of input signal Low output power Verify power amplifier output with wattmeter and dummy load Incorrect modulation depth Adjust to meet specification High reflected power Incorrect load Ensure amplifier connected to transmission line...

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