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Lakeshore 425 User Manual

Gaussmeter
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User's Manual
Model 425
Gaussmeter
Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc.
sales@lakeshore.com
575 McCorkle Blvd.
service@lakeshore.com
Fax: (614) 891-1392
Westerville, Ohio 43082-8888 USA
www.lakeshore.com
Telephone: (614) 891-2243
Methods and apparatus disclosed and described herein have been developed solely on company funds of
Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. No government or other contractual support or relationship whatsoever has existed
which in any way affects or mitigates proprietary rights of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. in these developments.
Methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be subject to U.S. Patents existing or applied for.
Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. reserves the right to add, improve, modify, or withdraw functions, design modifications,
or products at any time without notice. Lake Shore shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
Rev. 1.0
P/N 119-053
24 March 2010
|
www.lakeshore.com

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  • Page 1 User’s Manual Model 425 Gaussmeter Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. sales@lakeshore.com 575 McCorkle Blvd. service@lakeshore.com Fax: (614) 891-1392 Westerville, Ohio 43082-8888 USA www.lakeshore.com Telephone: (614) 891-2243 Methods and apparatus disclosed and described herein have been developed solely on company funds of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc.
  • Page 2 Limited Warranty specified above. Any unauthorized apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you duplication or use of the Model 425 firmware in whole or in part, in might also have other rights that vary from country to country, state print, or in any other storage and retrieval system is forbidden.
  • Page 3 www.lakeshore.com...
  • Page 4 RoHS directive. However, in recognition that RoHS compliance is in the best interest of our customers, employees, and the environment, Lake Shore has designed the Model 425 to eliminate the hazardous substances covered in the RoHS directive.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    1.4.5 Model 425 Rear Panel ........
  • Page 6 3.8 Attaching a Hall Generator to the Model 425 ....... .
  • Page 7 8.9 Technical Inquiries ..............67 www.lakeshore.com...
  • Page 8 Appendix A: Units for Magnetic Properties ..........69 Model 425 Gaussmeter...

  • Page 9: Product Description

    Model 425 the ideal tool for your manufacturing, quality control and R&D flux density measurement applications. For added functionality and value, the Model 425 also includes a standard Lake Shore Hall probe. Put the Model 425 gauss- meter to use with confidence knowing it’s supported by the industry leading experts in magnet measurement instrument, sensor and Hall probe technology.

  • Page 10: Dc Measurement Mode

    Connection probes in a variety of sizes and sensitivities. One of ten standard Hall probes is included with the Model 425. Refer to page 5 for details on the Hall probes you can choose to receive with the Model 425.

  • Page 11: Extension Cable

    The Model 425 alleviates most of the hassle by allowing you to match probes to extension cables in the field. Stored information can be viewed on the front panel and read over the computer interface to ensure proper mating.

  • Page 12: Computer Interface

    USB interface, auxiliary I/O and the probe input 1.5 Hall Probe Listed below are the probes that you can choose from to include with your Model 425. Our experts can guide you through the probe selection process. Other standard Selection probes are available at an additional cost.

  • Page 13: Transverse Probes

    0.040 dia 0 °C to plastic ±0.005 (approx) +75 °C HST-4 tubing DC to ±0.10% to 30 kG; HMFT-3E03-VF 350 G, 3.5 kG, ±0.13 G/°C -0.005%/°C 800 Hz ±0.15% 30 to 35 kG 35 kG TABLE 1-3 Flexible transverse probe www.lakeshore.com...

  • Page 14: Model 425 Specifications

    1: Introduction HAPTER 1.6 Model 425 (Does not include probe error, unless otherwise specified) Specifications 1.6.1 General Input type: Single Hall effect sensor Maximum update rate: 30 rdg/s Measurement Probe features: Linearity compensation, probe zero, and hot swap Measurement features: Autorange, max hold, relative mode, and filter Probe connector: 15-pin D-sub socket 1.6.2 DC Measurement...

  • Page 15: Front Panel

    Scale: ±3.5 V = ±full scale on selected range Frequency response: DC to 10 kHz Accuracy: Offset and single point gain corrected to ±0.5% of reading ±0.1% of range, linearity is probe dependent Minimum load resistance: 1 k) (short circuit protected) Connector: Shared 25-pin D-sub socket www.lakeshore.com...

  • Page 16: General

    1: Introduction HAPTER 1.6.6 General The Model 425 is the replacement for the Model 421 with a new software command set. Ambient temperature: 15 °C to 35 °C at rated accuracy; 5 °C to 40 °C with reduced accuracy Ambient field: Up to 100 G DC, measured at the instrument chassis Power requirement: 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50 Hz or 60 Hz 40 VA Size: 216 mm W ×...

  • Page 17: Safety Summary And Symbols

    Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. assumes no liability for user failure to comply with these requirements. The Model 425 protects the operator and surrounding area from electric shock or burn, mechanical hazards, excessive temperature, and spread of fire from the instru- ment.
  • Page 18 Three-phase alternating current (power line) yellow; symbol and outline: black Earth (ground) terminal CAUTION or WARNING: See instrument documentation; background color: yellow; Protective conductor terminal symbol and outline: black Frame or chassis terminal On (supply) Off (supply) 1-8 Safety symbols FIGURE Model 425 Gaussmeter...

  • Page 19: General

    It is intended to give insight into the benefits and limitations of the instrument and help apply the features of the Model 425 to a variety of situations. It covers flux den- sity, Hall measurement, and probe operation. For information on how to install the Model 425, please refer to Chapter 3.

  • Page 20: Monitor Output

    2.2.3 Monitor Output The Model 425 has a monitor output that provides an analog representation of the reading and is corrected for probe offset and nominal sensitivity. This monitor output makes it possible to view the analog signal, which has not been digitized. The monitor output can be connected to an oscilloscope or data acquisition system for analysis.

  • Page 21: Hall Measurement Theory

    Hall plate, the diameter of which is equal to the plate width. This circle is considered an approximation of the active area. FIGURE 2-2 illustrates an image of the approxi- mate active area. www.lakeshore.com...

  • Page 22: Temperature Coefficients

    The temperature coefficients are repeatable for an individual probe. A user can pre-measure the changes and manually correct the data for zero and sensitivity effects, or the combination of both at specific magnetic field values. The Model 425 gaussmeter also has its own temperature coefficients, which are typically less than probe coefficients.

  • Page 23: Radiation

    2.4.3 Radiation Example of zero error: assume that the Model 425 is zeroed at +25 °C and then the tem- perature rises to +50 °C (,T = +25 °C). For an HMMT-6J04-VR, the worst-case zero drift would be ±0.09 G/°C × 25 °C = ±2.25 G (maximum).

  • Page 24: Probe Considerations

    Multiple axis: multi-axis probes are available for multi-axis gaussmeters like the Lake Shore Model 460. These probes are not compatible with the Model 425. 2.5.2 Frequency Hall effect gaussmeters are equally well suited for measuring either static, DC fields or periodic, AC fields, but proper probe selection is required to achieve optimal performance.

  • Page 25: Gradient

    Lake Shore. The greater the deviation from orthogonality (field perpindicular to the plane of the sensor), the larger the error of the reading. For example, a 5° variance on any one axis causes a 0.4% error, a 10° misalignment induces a 1.5% error, etc. (FIGURE 3-7). www.lakeshore.com...

  • Page 26: Calibration

    Magnetic field measurements are often taken in very cold environments. Conditions inside superconducting magnets and around many high-energy physics experiments Measurement involve cryogenic temperatures. Lake Shore offers two Model 425 gaussmeter probes Considerations capable of operation in temperatures down to 1.5 K (-271.65 °C). These are the axial HMCA-2560-WN and the transverse HMCT-3160-WN (for cryogenic probe specifica- tions, refer to the Magnetics Catalog on the Lake Shore website).

  • Page 27: Probe Design

    Model 425 (refer to section 5.5.1). Some Hall generators are avail- able with full calibrations, but this data needs to be processed outside the Model 425; it will only use the nominal sensitivity. Refer to the Magnetics Catalog on the Lake Shore website for a list of Hall generators that are available.
  • Page 28 2: Background HAPTER Model 425 Gaussmeter...

  • Page 29: General

    1 line power cord for alternative voltage* * Included only when purchased with VAC-120-ALL power option. 3.3 Rear Panel This section provides a description of the Model 425 rear panel connections. The rear panel consists of the probe input socket, auxilliary I/O socket, B-type USB Definition connector, and the line input assembly (FIGURE 3-1).

  • Page 30: Line Input Assembly

    FIGURE 3-2 Line input assembly 3.4.1 Line Voltage The Model 425 will operate between the range of 100 VAC to 240 VAC, with 50 Hz or 60 Hz configurations so that it can be operated from line power anywhere in the world.

  • Page 31: Power Switch

    The power switch is part of the line input assembly on the rear panel of the Model 425, and it turns line power to the instrument on and off. When the circle is depressed, power is off. When the line is depressed, power is on (FIGURE 3-2).

  • Page 32: Probe Handling And Operation

    Hall sensor. Lake Shore offers two probe stands for mounting your probe. FIGURE 3-5 shows a probe properly mounted using a Lake Shore probe (P/N 4030-12 or 4030-24) stand. Model 425 Gaussmeter...

  • Page 33: Probe Operation

    30 min for rated accuracy. Also, the probe and the magnet being measured should be at the same temperature. Simply handling the magnet can cause sufficient temperature change to cause the reading to drift. www.lakeshore.com...

  • Page 34: Auxiliary I/O Connection

    The auxiliary I/O connector is a 25-pin D-sub socket. This provides access to the mon- itor output and relays. The mating plug and connector shell are included with the Connection Model 425. The pins are defined in TABLE 3-3. FIGURE 3-8 Auxiliary I/O socket Description...

  • Page 35: Attaching A Hall Generator To The Model 425

    Relay 1: the Model 425 has one mechanical relay designated as relay 1. The relay is associated with the high and low alarms, or you can manually control it. Refer to section 1.6.4 for voltage and current ratings for the relay.
  • Page 36 3: Installation HAPTER Model 425 Gaussmeter...

  • Page 37: General

    This section provides a description of the front panel controls and indicators for the Model 425. Description 4.2.1 Keypad Definition The Model 425 has 14 keys separated into two groups on the instrument front panel. Function Refer to section Max Hold Used to turn the max hold function on and off.

  • Page 38: General Keypad Operation

    4: Operation HAPTER 4.2.2 General Keypad The Model 425 uses three basic keypad operations for the majority of operator inter- face: direct operation, press and hold, and setting selection. Operation Direct operation: the key feature occurs immediately when the key is pressed.

  • Page 39: Display Units

    Default: 10 Interface command: BRIGT 4.5 DC and RMS The Model 425 can be configured for DC or RMS measurements. Pressing DC/RMS toggles between DC and RMS measurement modes. The DC/RMS annuncia- Measurement tor on the display will immediately change to DC or RMS, depending on what mea- Modes surement mode has been selected.

  • Page 40: Dc Measurement Mode

    If during the zero probe pro- cess, the measured offset is larger than expected, the Model 425 will display a mes- sage stating “The Measured Probe Offset Larger Than Expected”. The Model 425 will continue to operate with the offset correction, but it will be up to the user to investi- gate the nature of the offset.

  • Page 41: Ac Measurement Modes

    Zero Probe Interface command: ZPROBE 4.5.2 AC Measurement The Model 425 offers two AC measurement bands to improve the overall AC measure- ment performance. In narrow band mode, the instrument uses a 100 mA, 5.4 kHz Modes square wave excitation current. This type of excitation provides the benefit of noise cancellation characteristics, but it limits maximum frequency to approximately 400 Hz.

  • Page 42: Narrow Band Mode

    FIGURE 4-4 Wide band mode frequency response plot 4.5.3 Autorange and The Model 425 is equipped with an autoranging feature that will automatically select the appropriate field range for the measured field. In some cases it may be Range Selection desirable to manually select the field range.

  • Page 43: Max Hold Function

    The relative mode also interacts with other features. Relative can be used with max hold to display the maximum relative reading. If the alarm function is turned on, the instrument uses the relative reading to test for alarm conditions. www.lakeshore.com...

  • Page 44: Locking And Unlocking The Keypad

    Changes attempted to any setting result in a brief display of the “Keypad Locked” message. When you unlock the keypad, a message stating “Keypad Unlocked” dis- plays for 2 s. You are now able to change all Model 425 parameters. Menu navigation: Enter (press and hold for 3 s;...

  • Page 45: General

    Chapter 5: Advanced Operation 5.1 General This chapter provides information on advanced operations for the Model 425 gaussmeter. 5.2 The Alarm and The alarm function is commonly used to automate magnet testing and sorting in a factory environment. To configure the alarm, choose between the magnitude or alge- Relay Functions braic setting (section 5.2.2) then choose between an inside or outside setting...

  • Page 46: Inside And Outside Parameter

    Default: outside Interface command: ALARM 5.2.4 Alarm Sort You can configure the Model 425 alarm to display a pass or fail message when used in repetitive magnet testing situations or sorting operations. When the sort parameter Parameter is on, pass or fail will be displayed on the lower portion of the display. When the read- ing is in between the high and low alarm setpoints, ***Pass*** will be shown.

  • Page 47: Alarm And Relay Examples

    Model 425 display. The low alarm setpoint will be set to 0.9 kG (0.09 T) and the high alarm setpoint will be set to 1.1 kG (0.11 T). The beeper will sound and the display will indicate a ***Pass*** condition if the magnet has a field magnitude between the two setpoints regardless of field polarity.

  • Page 48: 2Testing A Magnet Installed In An Assembly

    An example of this is the magnets used in a motor assembly. In this instance, finished magnets are installed into a motor assembly, and then they are verified using the Model 425 to measure the field magni- tude and field polarity.

  • Page 49: Monitor Output

    5.3 Monitor Output 5.3 Monitor The Model 425 provides a monitor output that can be connected to an oscilloscope or data acquisition system. The monitor output function provides a voltage proportional Output to the measured field, where ±3.5 V equals ±full scale for the selected range. It is cor- rected for nominal probe sensitivity and probe offset, but it is not corrected for probe non-linearities.

  • Page 50: Probe Serial Number

    5.4.1 Probe Serial You can view the serial number of the attached probe from the display of the Model 425. This feature can be used to check the programming of extension cables. Number To view the serial number, press Probe Setup. The probe serial number screen will appear for approximately 3 s.

  • Page 51: Hall Generator

    5.5 Hall Generator 5.5 Hall Generator The Model 425 will operate with a discrete Hall generator when a suitable probe is not available. You can program nominal sensitivity and serial number into a blank connector (HMCBL-XX, ordered separately) to provide all gaussmeter functions except field compensation.
  • Page 52 5: Advanced Operation HAPTER Model 425 Gaussmeter...

  • Page 53: General

    USB peripheral devices, and it allows a common USB A-type to Connection B-type cable to be used to connect the Model 425 to a host PC. The pin assignments for A-type and B-type connectors are shown in section 8.7. The maximum length of a USB cable, as defined by the USB 2.0 standard, is 5 m (16.4 ft).

  • Page 54: Installing The Usb Driver

    If the Found New Hardware Wizard is unable to connect to Windows® Update or find the drivers, a message to “Insert the disc that came with your Lake Shore Model 425” will be displayed. Click Cancel and refer to section 6.2.3.3 to install the driver from the Internet.

  • Page 55: Download The Driver

    6.2.3 Installing the USB Driver 6.2.3.3.1 Download the driver 1. Locate the Model 425 USB driver on the downloads page on the Lake Shore website. 2. Right-click on the USB driver download link, and select save target link as. 3. Save the driver to a convenient place, and take note as to where the driver was downloaded.

  • Page 56: Installing The Usb Driver From The Included Cd-Rom

    + icon. Lake Shore Model 425 should appear indented underneath Ports (COM & LPT). If it is not displayed as Lake Shore Model 425, it might be displayed as USB Device. If neither are displayed, click Action and then select Scan for hardware changes, which may open the Found New Hardware wizard automatically.

  • Page 57: Communication

    7. When the Found New Hardware wizard finishes installing the drivers, a message stating “the wizard has finished installing the software for Lake Shore Model 425 gaussmeter” should appear. Click Finish to complete the installation. 6.2.4 Communication Communicating via the USB interface is done using message strings.

  • Page 58: Message Flow Control

    Brief description of query AUTO? Auto Range Query Form of the query input Input: AUTO? [term] Returned: Definition of returned parameter <off/on>[term] Format: n (refer to command for description) Syntax of returned parameter FIGURE 6-2 Sample query format Model 425 Gaussmeter...

  • Page 59: Interface Commands

    <…> Indicates a parameter field; many are command specific <state> Parameter field with only On/Off or Enable/Disable states Floating point values have varying resolution depending on the type of <value> command or query issued TABLE 6-3 Interface commands key www.lakeshore.com...
  • Page 60 ALARM? Input Alarm Parameter Query Input ALARM?[term] Returned <off/on>,<mode>,<low value>,<high value>,<out/in>,<alarm sort>,<audible> [term] Format n,n,±nnn.nnnE±nn,±nnn.nnnE±nn,n,n,n(refer to command for description) ALARMST? Alarm Status Query Input ALARMST?[term] Returned <state>[term] Format <state> 0 = Non-alarming, 1 = Alarming Model 425 Gaussmeter...
  • Page 61 KEYST? Keypad Status Query Input KEYST? [term] Returned <keypad status>[term] Format Remarks Returns a number descriptor of the last key pressed since the last KEYST?—KEYST? returns a 00 if no key pressed since last query www.lakeshore.com...
  • Page 62 Max Hold Command Input MXHOLD <off/on>[term] Format <off/on> specifies max hold on or off: 0 = Off, 1 = On Example MXHOLD 1[term]—turns the max hold feature on—the Model 425 displays the max value. MXHOLD? Max Hold Query Input MXHOLD?[term] Returned <off/on>[term]...
  • Page 63 Turns DC filter on or off: 0 = Off, 1 = On <band> RMS measurement mode: 1 = wide band, 2 = narrow band Example RDGMODE 2,1,1[term]—the Model 425 is configured for RMS field measurement in wide band mode www.lakeshore.com...
  • Page 64 <min>, <max>[term] Format ±nnn.nnnE±nn, ±nnn.nnnE±nn Remarks This command is included to support compatibility with the Model 455 and Model 475 gaussmeters—in the Model 425, this query will always return zero for the mini- mum value RDGMX? Maximum Reading Query Input...
  • Page 65 Field Units Command Input UNIT <units>[term] Format <units> 1 = Gauss, 2 = Tesla, 3 = Oersted, 4 = Ampere/meter Example UNIT 2[term]—configures the Model 425 to report readings in Tesla UNIT? Field Units Query Input UNIT?[term] Returned <units>[term] Format n (refer to command for description) www.lakeshore.com...
  • Page 66 Clear Zero Probe Command Input ZCLEAR[term] Remarks Clears the results of the zero probe function ZPROBE Zero Probe Command Input ZPROBE[term] Remarks Initiates the Zero Probe function—place the probe in zero gauss chamber before issu- ing this command Model 425 Gaussmeter...

  • Page 67: General

    TABLE 7-4 Accessories available 7.4 Rack Mounting The Model 425 can be installed into a 483 mm (19 in) rack mount cabinet using the optional Lake Shore Model RM-½ rack mount kit, or the Model RM-2 dual rack mount shelf. The rack mount kit contains mounting ears, panel, handles, and screws that adapt the front panel to fit into a 88.9 mm (3.5 in) tall full rack space.
  • Page 68 Rack mount ear 107-440 Rack mount support 107-442 Rack mount panel 107-432 Rack mount handle 107-051-01 Screw, 6-32 × ½ in 0-035 FHMS Phillips 3⁄i Screw, 8-32 × 0-081 FHMS Phillips FIGURE 7-1 Model RM- rack mount kit Model 425 Gaussmeter...

  • Page 69: Probe Accessories

    7.5 Probe Accessories 7.5 Probe Additional accessories are available that may be desirable. A list of accessories avail- able for the 425 gaussmeter is provided in TABLE 7-5. Refer to the Lake Shore Accessories Magnetics Catalog for more details. Part...
  • Page 70 7: Probes and Accessories HAPTER Model 425 Gaussmeter...

  • Page 71: General

    Lake Shore for service (section 8.9). 8.2 General If the Model 425 registers a reading that is not appropriate to the situation, try the following solutions. Troubleshooting Referto section 8.6 for a list of error messages...

  • Page 72: Intermittent Lockups

    8.4 Line Voltage The Model 425 will operate between the range of 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50 Hz or 60 Hz configurations so that it can be operated from line power anywhere in the world. No manual switches need to be configured for different voltage operations.

  • Page 73: Product Information

    Improper cable attached during the HMCBL programming process Invalid HMCBL cable (section 5.5.1). TABLE 8-2 Model 425 error messages 8.7 Rear Panel The auxiliary I/O, probe input, and USB connectors are shown in FIGURE 8-1 through FIGURE 8-3 and defined in TABLE 8-3 through TABLE 8-5.
  • Page 74 Internal use only EEPROM DATA No connection I Hall – I Hall + TABLE 8-4 Probe input connector details FIGURE 8-3 USB connector Name Description +5 VDC Data – Data + Ground TABLE 8-5 USB connector details Model 425 Gaussmeter...

  • Page 75: Calibration Procedure

    Contact Lake Shore Service through any of the means listed below. However, the most direct and efficient means of contacting is to complete the online service request form at http://www.lakeshore.com/sup/serf.html. Provide a detailed description of the problem and the required contact information. You will receive a response within 24 hours or the next business day in the event of weekends or holidays.

  • Page 76: Rma Valid Period

    Lake Shore. Equipment serviced out-of-warranty will be returned FOB Lake Shore. 8.9.5 Restocking Fee Lake Shore reserves the right to charge a restocking fee for items returned for exchange or reimbursement. Model 425 Gaussmeter...

  • Page 77: Appendix A: Units For Magnetic Properties

    × 10 · π Permeability µ dimensionless H/m, Wb/A × 10 · Relative permeability µ not defined — dimensionless (Volume) energy density, erg/cm energy product π Demagnetization factor D, N dimensionless dimensionless TABLE A-1 Conversion from CGS to SI units www.lakeshore.com...
  • Page 78 Appendix A Model 425 Gaussmeter...

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