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- Page 1 Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing Part No. 212257-B January 2002 4401 Great America Parkway Santa Clara, CA 95054...
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Page 2: Statement Of Conditions
In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, Nortel Networks Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice. Nortel Networks Inc. does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit layout(s) described herein. -
Page 3: Japan/Nippon Requirements Only
Japan/Nippon requirements only Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) statement Taiwan requirements Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection (BSMI) Statement Canada requirements only Canadian Department of Communications Radio Interference Regulations This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio-noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications. - Page 4 2. Restrictions on use; reservation of rights. The Software and user manuals are protected under copyright laws. Nortel Networks and/or its licensors retain all title and ownership in both the Software and user manuals, including any revisions made by Nortel Networks or its licensors. The copyright notice must be reproduced and included with any copy of any portion of the Software or user manuals.
- Page 5 Software is provided will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of 90 days from the date Software is first shipped to Licensee. Nortel Networks will replace defective media at no charge if it is returned to Nortel Networks during the warranty period along with proof of the date of shipment.
- Page 6 Licensee fails to comply with any of the terms and conditions of the license. Upon termination for any reason, Licensee will immediately destroy or return to Nortel Networks the Software, user manuals, and all copies. Nortel Networks is not liable to Licensee for damages in any form solely by reason of the termination of this license.
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Page 7: Table Of Contents
Contents Preface ............13 Before you begin . - Page 8 Contents Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX ......35 Preparing for installation ..........35 Exceeding class 1 power level warning .
- Page 9 Figures Figure 1 Wavelength division multiplexing ....... 17 Figure 2 CWDM GBIC transceiver and label .
- Page 10 Figures 212257-B...
- Page 11 Tables Table 1 Parts of the optical routing system ......18 Table 2 Assumptions used in calculating maximum transmission distance .
- Page 12 Tables 212257-B...
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Page 13: Preface
Preface Nortel Networks* optical routing system supports high-speed data communications in metropolitan area networks (MANs) by: • Connecting Gigabit Ethernet ports with fiber optic networks. • Combining multiple wavelengths on a single fiber to expand available bandwidth. The system components include:... -
Page 14: Before You Begin
Preface Before you begin This guide is intended for network administrators who have the following background: • Basic knowledge of networks, and network hardware • Familiarity with networking concepts and terminology • Familiarity with Ethernet network administration and Fiber Channel networking Hard-copy technical manuals You can print selected technical manuals and release notes free, directly from the... -
Page 15: How To Get Help
How to get help If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that distributor or reseller for assistance. If you purchased a Nortel Networks service program, contact one of the following... - Page 16 Preface 212257-B...
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Page 17: Chapter 1 Describing The Optical Routing System
Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system Nortel Networks* optical routing system uses coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) in a grid of eight optical wavelengths. CWDM Gigabit Interface Converters (GBICs) in the switch transmit optical signals from Gigabit Ethernet ports to multiplexers in a passive optical shelf. Multiplexers combine... -
Page 18: Parts Of The Optical Routing System
AA1419023 1610 nm Brown AA1419024 Gigabit interface converter description Nortel Networks* coarse wavelength division multiplexed Gigabit Interface Converters (Figure fiber optic network. A CWDM GBIC transmits and receives optical signals at one of eight specific wavelengths. Nortel CWDM GBICs use Avalanche Photodiode (APD) technology to improve transmission distance and optical link budget. -
Page 19: Optical Add Drop Multiplexer Description
CWDM GBIC. It adds or drops this specific wavelength from the optical fiber and allows all other wavelengths to pass straight through. The Nortel Networks CWDM OADM supports two separate fiber pathways traveling in opposite directions (east and west) so that the network remains viable even if the fiber is broken at one point on the ring. -
Page 20: Network Add/Drop Ring Application
The CWDM OADM pulls off a specific wavelength from an optical ring and passes it to a CWDM GBIC of the same wavelength in the switch, leaving all other wavelengths on the ring undisturbed. CWDM OADMs are set to one of... -
Page 21: Optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Description
Optical multiplexer/demultiplexer description The passive CWDM OMUX sends and receives signals to/from CWDM GBIC transceivers installed in the switch. It multiplexes and demultiplexes four or eight CWDM wavelengths from a two-fiber (east and west) circuit. It allows you to create uni-directional network traffic rings or point-to-point links. -
Page 22: Cwdm Omux-4
Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system Figure 6 Four-channel CWDM OMUX front panel Connectors with color-coded labels CWDM GBICs in the switch. CWDM OMUX-4 Figure 7 shows the CWDM OMUX-4 version, with four CWDM GBIC equipment side connections. Figure 7 CWDM OMUX-4 network and equipment side connections... -
Page 23: Cwdm Omux In A Point-To-Point Application
Each CWDM OMUX supports one network backbone connection and four or eight connections to CWDM GBICs in the switch. Typically, two CWDM OMUXs are installed in a chassis. The CWDM OMUX on the left is called the east path and the CWDM OMUX on the right is called the west path. -
Page 24: Chapter 2
Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system CWDM OMUX Figure 9 CARRIER HOTEL SITE A PP 8600 OMUX For information about calculating network transmission distance, see “Calculating transmission distance,” on page CWDM OMUX in a ring application CWDM OMUXs are also used as the hub site in CWDM OMUX-based ring applications (Figure the central site to create an east and a west fiber path. -
Page 25: Chapter 2
Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system Figure 10 CWDM OMUX ring configuration example CARRIER PP 8600 HOTEL SITE PP 8600 PP 8600 PP 8600 OFFICE BUILDING A OFFICE BUILDING B OADM OADM OMUX OMUX PP 8600 OADM OFFICE BUILDING C 10326EA For information about calculating network transmission distance, see Chapter 2,... - Page 26 Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system 212257-B...
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Page 27: Chapter 2 Calculating Transmission Distance
Chapter 2 Calculating transmission distance This chapter will help you determine the maximum transmission distance for your CWDM network configuration. This chapter includes the following topics: • “About transmission distance and optical link budget” next • “Point-to-point transmission distance” on page 29 •... -
Page 28: How To Calculate Expected Loss Budget
Chapter 2 Calculating transmission distance How to calculate expected loss budget To calculate the expected loss budget for a proposed network configuration: Identify all points where signal strength will be lost. Calculate the expected loss for each point. Add the expected losses together. How to calculate maximum transmission distance The examples in this chapter use the following assumptions and procedure for calculating the maximum transmission distances for networks with CWDM... -
Page 29: Procedure
CWDM OMUX demux loss • Fiber attenuation The Ethernet switch host does not have to be near the CWDM OMUX, and the CWDM OMUX does not regenerate signal. Therefore, maximum transmission distance is from GBIC to GBIC. Figure 11 Point-to-point network configuration example... -
Page 30: Mesh Ring Transmission Distance
Chapter 2 Calculating transmission distance Table 3 shows typical loss values that can be used to calculate the transmission distance for the point-to-point network in Table 3 Point-to-point signal loss values Signal loss element Loss budget CWDM OMUX-8 mux loss CWDM OMUX-8 demux loss System margin Fiber attenuation... -
Page 31: Cwdm Gbics
Passthrough insertion loss at intermediate nodes • Fiber attenuation of 0.25 dB per kilometer The Ethernet switch host does not have to be near the CWDM OADM, and the CWDM OADM does not regenerate signal. Therefore, maximum transmission distance is from GBIC to GBIC. -
Page 32: Table 5 Mesh Ring Signal Loss Values
Chapter 2 Calculating transmission distance Table 5 shows typical loss values that can be used to calculate the transmission distance for the mesh ring network example in Table 5 Mesh ring signal loss values Signal loss element Loss budget CWDM OADM insertion add loss CWDM OADM insertion passthrough loss CWDM OADM insertion drop loss System margin... -
Page 33: Hub And Spoke Transmission Distance
Passthrough insertion loss for intermediate nodes • Fiber attenuation of 0.25 per kilometer The Ethernet switch host does not have to be near the CWDM OADM, and the CWDM OADM does not regenerate signal. Therefore, maximum transmission distance is from GBIC to GBIC. -
Page 34: Table 7 Hub And Spoke Signal Loss Values
Chapter 2 Calculating transmission distance Table 7 shows typical loss values that can be used to calculate the transmission distance for the hub and spoke network in Table 7 Hub and spoke signal loss values Signal loss element Loss budget CWDM OADM insertion add loss CWDM OADM passthrough loss CWDM OMUX8 demux loss... -
Page 35: Chapter 3 Installing The Shelf, Oadm, And Omux
Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX The shelf and multiplexers are passive equipment and require no power or electronic This chapter describes how to install optical routing components, and includes the following topics. • “Preparing for installation” next •... -
Page 36: Environmental And Physical Requirements
Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX Figure 14 Class 1M laser warning DO NOT VIEW DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS (MAGNIFIERS) TOTAL RADIANT POWER LEVEL 30 MILLIWATTS WAVELENGTH RANGE 1450 TO 1650 NM Warning: Never look directly at the output of a fiber which contains muxed CWDM GBICs, especially with a magnifier. -
Page 37: Installing The Shelf
• Clear the area of synthetic materials such as polyester, plastic, vinyl, or styrofoam because these materials carry static electricity that damages the equipment. Installing the shelf To install the optical shelf Support the chassis so that all of the mounting holes in the optical shelf are aligned with the corresponding holes in the rack. -
Page 38: Inserting A Cwdm Oadm Or A Cwdm Omux
Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX Figure 15 Shelf with plug-in module in 19-inch rack Inserting a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX CWDM OADMs and CWDM OMUXs are passive devices that require no power for their operation. You can insert them in the optical shelf connect them into your network. -
Page 39: Cabling A Cwdm Oadm Or A Cwdm Omux
To insert a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX in the optical shelf: Align the plug-in module with the optical shelf. Gently push the plug-in module into the shelf cavity. Tighten the captive screws. The module is installed. To cable equipment and network connections, see “Cabling a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX”... -
Page 40: Figure 16 Cabling A Cwdm Oadm
Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX Insert the wavelength-specific CWDM GBICs into their respective network device(s). To install a CWDM GBIC, see Installing CWDM Gigabit Interface Converters, part number 212256-B. Clean all fiber optic connectors on the cabling (see fiber optic equipment”... -
Page 41: Cabling A Four-Channel Cwdm Omux
Cabling a four-channel CWDM OMUX This section describes how to cable the following: • CWDM GBIC to a CWDM OMUX-4 • CWDM OMUX-4 to west and east network backbone interfaces To connect fiber optic cables to a CWDM OMUX-4: Insert the wavelength-specific CWDM GBICs into their respective network device(s). -
Page 42: Cabling An Eight-Channel Cwdm Omux
Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX Note: The CWDM GBIC wavelength must match the CWDM OMUX-4 equipment connector wavelength. The TX of one device must always connect to the RX of the next device. Make the following network backbone connections •... -
Page 43: Figure 18 Cabling An Cwdm Omux-8
Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX Make the following network backbone connections • Connect the network backbone east fiber optic cables to the east (left) CWDM OMUX-8. • Connect the network backbone west fiber optic cables to the west (right) CWDM OMUX-8. -
Page 44: Removing A Cwdm Oadm Or A Cwdm Omux
Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX Removing a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX CWDM OADMs and CWDM OMUXs are passive devices that require no power for their operation. You can remove them from the optical shelf disconnecting them from your network. To remove a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX plug-in module from the optical shelf: Disconnect the network cabling from the multiplexer. -
Page 45: Cwdm Oadm Specifications
Appendix A CWDM OADM specifications Table 9 CWDM OADM specifications Item Specification Physical Dimensions Plug-in Module Size Rack Mount Connectors Network Side Equipment Side Cabling Environment Operating Storage Wavelength Usage Uni-directional Typical insertion loss TX Equipment to RX Network (add) RX Equipment to TX Network (drop) Passthrough (Network to Network) Maximum insertion loss... -
Page 46: Appendix A Cwdm Oadm Specifications
Appendix A CWDM OADM specifications 212257-B... -
Page 47: Cwdm Omux Specifications
Appendix B CWDM OMUX specifications Table 10 CWDM OMUX specifications Item Specification Physical Dimensions Plug-in Module Size Rack Mount Connectors Network Side Equipment Side Cabling Environment Operating Storage Typical insertion loss TX Equipment to RX Network (Mux) RX Equipment to TX Network (Demux) Maximum insertion loss TX Equipment to RX Network (Mux) RX Equipment to TX Network (Demux) -
Page 48: Appendix B Cwdm Omux Specifications
Appendix B CWDM OMUX specifications 212257-B... -
Page 49: Handling And Cleaning Fiber Optic Equipment
Appendix C Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment Precautions Danger: Do not look into the end of fiber optic cable. The light source used in fiber optic cables can damage your eyes. Warning: To prevent damage to the glass fiber, make sure you know how to handle fiber optic cable correctly. -
Page 50: Tools And Materials
Appendix C Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment Frequent overstressing of fiber optic cable causes progressive degeneration that leads to failure. If you suspect damage to a fiber optic cable, either due to mishandling or an abnormally high error rate observed in one direction, reverse the cable pairs. If the high error rate appears in the other direction, replace the cable. -
Page 51: Cleaning Single Sc And Fc Connectors
Appendix C Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment Danger: To avoid eye irritation on contact, wear safety glasses when working with isopropyl alcohol. Caution: To prevent further contamination, clean fiber optic equipment only when there is evidence of contamination. Caution: To prevent contamination, make sure the optical ports of all active devices are covered with a dust cap or optical connector. -
Page 52: Cleaning Duplex Sc Connectors
Appendix C Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment Dry the connector surfaces by applying canned air or letting them air dry. Caution: To prevent contamination, do not touch the connector surfaces after cleaning; and cover them with dust caps if you are not going to use them right away. -
Page 53: Cleaning Receptacle Or Duplex Devices
Appendix C Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment Cleaning Receptacle or Duplex Devices Note: To avoid contamination, optical ports should only be cleaned when there is evidence of contamination or reduced performance, or during their initial installation. To clean receptacle or duplex devices: Warning: To prevent oil contamination, do not use commercial compressed air. - Page 54 Appendix C Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment 212257-B...
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Page 55: Glossary
Glossary attenuation The decrease in signal strength in an optical fiber caused by absorption and scattering. Attenuation can be calculated to express • signal loss between two points • total signal loss of a telecommunications system or segment attenuator A device inserted into the electrical or optical path to lessen or weaken the signal. - Page 56 Glossary CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory A compact disc with pre-recorded data, normally used in large database-type applications such as directory, reference, or data retrieval. channel A communications path or the signal sent over that path. By multiplexing several channels, voice channels can be transmitted over one optical channel. central office A major equipment center designed to serve the communication traffic of a specific geographical area.
- Page 57 demultiplexing The separating of different wavelengths in a wavelength-division multiplexing system. The opposite of multiplexing. dispersion The broadening of input pulses as they travel the length of an optical fiber. There are three major types of dispersion, as follows: • modal dispersion, which is caused by the many optical path lengths in a multimode fiber •...
- Page 58 Glossary fiber See optical fiber. fiber loss Also optical fiber loss. The attenuation of the light signal in optical-fiber transmission. fiber-optic link A combination of transmitter, receiver, and fiber-optic cable capable of transmitting data. fiber optics The branch of optical technology dedicated to transmitting light through fibers made of transparent materials such as glass and plastic.
- Page 59 A group of circuits connected at one point on a network. insertion loss In an optical fiber system, the total optical power loss caused by insertion of an optical component, such as a connector, splice, or coupler. Usually given in kbps thousands of bits per second A measure of the bandwidth on a data transmission medium.
- Page 60 Glossary loss budget The amount of optical power launched into a system that will be lost through various mechanisms, such as insertion losses and fiber attenuation. Usually given in dB. metropolitan area network A MAN consists of LANs interconnected within a radius of approximately 80 km (50 miles).
- Page 61 NDSF non-dispersion-shifted fiber A type of optical fiber optimized for the 1310 nm transmission window. nanometer See nm. nanometer One billionth of a meter (10 express the wavelengths of light. node A point in an optical network where optical signals can be processed and switched among various links.
- Page 62 Glossary each signal level thereafter operates at a speed divisible by that number. For example, OC-3 operates at 155.52 Mbit/s. OC-1 optical carrier - level 1 An optical SONET signal at 51.84 Mbit/s. OC-3 optical carrier - level 3 An optical SONET signal at 155.52 Mbit/s. OC-12 optical carrier - level 12 An optical SONET signal at 622.08 Mbit/s.
- Page 63 optical waveguide See optical fiber. passive device A device that does not require a source of energy to function. passthrough A signal bypass mechanism that allows the signal to pass through a device with little or no signal processing. point-to-point transmission Carrying a signal between two endpoints without branching to other points.
- Page 64 Glossary single-mode fiber See SMF. A mode is one of the various light waves that can be transmitted in an optical fiber. Each optical signal generates many different modes, but in single-mode fiber the aim is to only have one of them transmitted. This is achieved through having a core of a very small diameter (usually around 10 micrometers), with a cladding that is usually ten times the core diameter.
- Page 65 Glossary wavelength division multiplexing Transmitting many different colors (wavelengths) of laser light down the same optical fiber at the same time in order to increase the amount of information that can be transferred. Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing...
- Page 66 Glossary 212257-B...
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Page 67: Index
Index add/drop mux connecting cables 39 description 19 insert in shelf 38 remove from shelf 44 ring application 20 specifications 45 application point-to-point, mux/demux 23 ring, add/drop mux 20 ring, mux/demux 24 attenuation 27 block diagram, connections add/drop mux 20 eight-channel mux/demux 23 four-channel mux/demux 22 cabling, specification... - Page 68 Index equipment side connections add/drop mux 39 eight-channel mux/demux 42 four-channel mux/demux 41 FC connectors, cleaning 51 fiber optic cable attenuation and transmission 27 cleaning connectors for 50 precautions with 49 front panel add/drop mux 20 four-channel mux/demux 22 gigabit interface converter, description 18 hub and spoke calculating transmission distance for 33 network configuration example 33...
- Page 69 24 SC connectors, cleaning 51 shelf, optical insert mux in 38 installing 37 remove mux from 44 support, Nortel Networks 15 technical publications 14 technical support 15 tranceiver, CWDM GBIC 18 transmission distance about 27 hub and spoke example 33...
- Page 70 Index 212257-B...
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