LogiLink WL0129 User Manual
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LogiLink WL0129 User Manual

2.4ghz outdoor router
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2.4GHz Outdoor Router
User Manual
USER MANUAL 2.1.0
© 2011

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Summary of Contents for LogiLink WL0129

  • Page 1 2.4GHz Outdoor Router User Manual USER MANUAL 2.1.0 © 2011...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents 1.Terminology.......................5 2.Introduction.......................7 2.1 package content..................7 2.2 product features ..................7 2.3 Rear panel description................8 2.4 Front panel description .................9 3. Hardware Installation ...................10 3.1 Appearance and Interface Introduction ........10 3.2 Hardware installation steps ............12 4. Software configuration ..................15 4.1 Prepare your PC to configure the WLAN Broadband Router ..16 4.2 Connect to the WLAN Broadband Router ........18 4.3 Management and configuration on the Outdoor Router ....18...
  • Page 3 4.3.6.4 Settings Management.............61 4.3.6.5 Status ................62 4.3.6.6 System Log..............63 4.4 Configuration Examples..............64 4.4.1 Example one – PPPoE on the WAN.........64 4.4.2 Example two – fixed IP on the WAN ........68 4.4.2 Example two – fixed IP on the WAN ........69 4.4.3 Example three –set WLAN to be WAN as WiFi Client ..73 5.
  • Page 4 5.30 What is WMM?..................86 5.31 What is WLAN ACK TIMEOUT? ...........86 5.32 What is Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS)? .........86 5.33 What is Frame Aggregation? ............86 5.34 What is Guard Intervals (GI)? ............87...

  • Page 5: Terminology

    1.Terminology 3DES Triple Data Encryption Standard Advanced Encryption Standard ANSI American National Standards Institute Access Point Complementary Code Keying CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection DDNS Dynamic Domain Name Server Diffie-Hellman Algorithm DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Extensible Authentication Protocol...
  • Page 6 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP UPNP Universal Plug and Play Virtual Private Network Wireless Distribution System Wired Equivalent Privacy WLAN Wireless Local Area Network Wi-Fi Protected Access...

  • Page 7: Introduction

    2.Introduction The Outdoor Router is an affordable IEEE 802.11b/g /n specifications of Outdoor Router solution; setting SOHO and enterprise standard for high performance, secure, manageable and reliable WLAN. This document describes the steps required for the initial IP address assign and other configuration of the outdoor router. The description includes the implementation of the above steps.

  • Page 8: Rear Panel Description

    2.3 Rear panel description LED Indicator State Description The WLAN Broadband Router is powered ON. 1. PWR LED The WLAN Broadband Router is powered Off. Wireless Radio ON. 2. WLAN LED Wireless Radio Off. Flashing Data is transmitting or receiving on the wireless. Port linked.

  • Page 9: Front Panel Description

    2.4 Front panel description Interfaces Description For external antenna. You can use the SMA connector to connect with SMA connector 2.4GHz external antenna. The RJ-45 sockets allow LAN connection through Category 5 cables. Secondary(Middle) Support auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full duplex; comply with IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u respectively.

  • Page 10: Hardware Installation

    3. Hardware Installation 3.1 Appearance and Interface Introduction Notes: The product shot is for reference only please refer to physical product. 1.LED Panel 2. Waterproof Sliding Door. 3. Pass trough Ethernet cable from this cable. 4. Press No.4 to pull out upper housing.
  • Page 11 Wall Mount 6. Pole Mount Secondary port with POE 8. Main port 9. SMA connector for external antenna...

  • Page 12: Hardware Installation Steps

    3.2 Hardware installation steps Step1: Press the red point to pull out upper housing. Step2: Pass through Ethernet cable from the hole, insert the cable to Secondary port. Note: RJ-45 8P8C Ethernet cable is required.
  • Page 13 Step3: Install the upper housing and make sure the housing is well installed. Step4: Install POE Injector DC: Insert adapter POE: This hole is linked to Secondary port of the Outdoor Router with RJ-45. LAN: This hole is linked to LAN side PC/Hub or Router/ADSL modem device with RJ-45...
  • Page 14 Step5: Complete the hardware installation as diagram at below Notes: Use Reset button on POE injector. Push continually the reset button of POE injector about 5 ~ 10 seconds to reset the configuration parameters to factory defaults. There is no software driver or utility installation needed, but only the configuration setting.

  • Page 15: Software Configuration

    4. Software configuration There are web based management and configuration functions allowing you to have the jobs done easily. The Outdoor Router is delivered with the following factory default parameters on the Ethernet LAN interfaces. Default IP Address: 192.168.1.200 Default IP subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 WEB login User Name: admin WEB login Password: admin...

  • Page 16: Prepare Your Pc To Configure The Wlan Broadband Router

    4.1 Prepare your PC to configure the WLAN Broadband Router For OS of Microsoft Windows 2000/ XP: 1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control Panel window will appear. 2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network and Dial-up Connections icon. Move mouse and double-click the Local Area Connection icon.
  • Page 17 2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The Network window will appear. Click Protocol tab from the Network window. 3. Check the installed list of Network Protocol window. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the Add button to install it;...

  • Page 18: Connect To The Wlan Broadband Router

    4.2 Connect to the WLAN Broadband Router Open a WEB browser, i.e. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.1 SP1 or above, then enter 192.168.1.200 the URL to connect the WLAN Broadband Router. 4.3 Management and configuration on the Outdoor Router 4.3.1 Wizard This Wizard page guides you to configure Internet connection and Wireless Settings quickly.
  • Page 19 b. Static Mode (fixed IP) If you select Static Mode (fixed IP), please fill in these fields on next page. Item Description IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface. Subnet Mask Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface. Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets.
  • Page 20 c. PPPOE ADSL If you select PPPOE, please fill in these fields on next page. Item Description User Name If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and password to login the PPPoE server. Password If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and password to login the PPPoE server.
  • Page 21 d. L2TP If you select L2TP, please fill in these fields on next page. Item Description L2TP Server IP Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data Address transmission among the connection. User can use embedded L2TP client supported by this router to make a VPN connection.
  • Page 22 Operation Mode Keep Alive: Keep the L2TP connection all the time. Please also configure the Redial Period field. Manual: Let user connect the L2TP connection manually. When you finish these settings, then click Next button to jump at Step2.
  • Page 23 e. PPTP If you select PPTP, please fill in these fields on next page. Item Description Item Description PPTP Server IP Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data Address transmission among the connection. User can use embedded PPTP client supported by this router to make a VPN connection.
  • Page 24 Step 2: configure Wireless Settings There are three options (Disable, WEP, WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK) for Wireless security connection. OPEN WEP...
  • Page 25 SHAREDWEP WPA-PSK...
  • Page 26 WPA2-PSK Item Description Wireless Mode Click to select wireless mode from pull down menu. Frequency (Channel) Select the wireless communication frequency/channel from pull-down menu. Network Name (SSID) It is the wireless network name. The SSID can be 32 bytes long. Channel Bandwidth Select the operating channel width 20 MHz or 20/40 MHz.

  • Page 27: Operation Mode

    4.3.2 Operation Mode a. Bridge: The Bridge mode allows that all Ethernet and wireless interfaces are bridged into a single bridge interface. b. Gateway: The Gateway mode allows that the first Ethernet port is treated as WAN port and the Ethernet port and the wireless interface are bridged together and are treated as LAN ports.
  • Page 28 c. Wireless ISP The Wireless ISP mode allows that the wireless interface is treated as WAN port, and the Ethernet ports are LAN ports.

  • Page 29: Internet Settings

    4.3.3 Internet Settings 4.3.3.1 WAN a. STATIC Item Description IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface. Subnet Mask Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface. Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets. Primary DNS Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
  • Page 30 b. DHCP Item Description Hostname Fill in the host name of Host Name of DHCP server. The default value is empty. MAC Clone Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN interface.
  • Page 31 . PPPoE Item Description User Name If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and password to login the PPPoE server. Pasword If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and password to login the PPPoE server.
  • Page 32 d. L2TP Item Description Server IP Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data transmission among the connection. User can use embedded L2TP client supported by this router to make a VPN connection. If you select the L2TP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it. User Name Fill in the user name and password to login the L2TP server.
  • Page 33 e. PPTP Item Description Server IP Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data transmission among the connection. User can use embedded PPTP client supported by this router to make a VPN connection. If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it. User Name Fill in the user name and password to login the PPTP server.

  • Page 34: Lan

    4.3.3.2 LAN Item Description Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN MAC Clone interface. IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface. Subnet Mask Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface. DHCP Type Disable: Disable DHCP server on LAN side.

  • Page 35: Vpn Pass Through

    IGMP Proxy Select enable or disable the IGMP proxy function from pull-down menu. UPNP Select enable or disable the UPnP protocol from pull-down menu. DNS Proxy Select enable or disable the DNS Proxy function from pull-down menu. 4.3.3.3 VPN Pass Through Item Description L2TP Passthrough...

  • Page 36: Wireless Settings

    4.3.4 Wireless Settings 4.3.4.1 Basic Item Description Click Wireless OFF button to turn off wireless RF radio. Click Wireless ON Wireless On/Off button to turn on wireless RF radio. Select Internal antenna or External antenna for using. The default is using Antenna Switch Internal antenna.
  • Page 37 (SSID) Wireless network is similar to the virtual local area network. All of the Wireless client devices can access each other completely. When you enable this function, AP Isolation it will turn off connection between wireless clients. Only allows connection between wireless client and this AP router.

  • Page 38: Advanced

    4.3.4.2 Advanced Item Description Beacon Interval Beacons are the packets sending by Access point to synchronize the wireless network. The beacon interval is the time interval between beacons sending by this unit in AP or AP+WDS operation. The default and recommended beacon interval is 100 milliseconds.
  • Page 39 other. You can enter a setting ranging from 0 to 2347 bytes. TX Power The default TX power is 100%. In case of shortening the distance and the coverage of the wireless network, input a smaller value to reduce the radio transmission power.

  • Page 40: Security

    4.3.4.3 Security a. Disable f you set Security Mode to “Disable”, the wireless data transmission will not include encryption to prevent from unauthorized access and monitoring. b. OPEN-WEP // SHARED-WEP...
  • Page 41 If you set Security Mode to “OPEN-WEP or SHARED-WEP`”, please fill in the related configurations at below. Item Description Default Key Specify a Key number for effective. WEP Keys (1~4) When you select WEPAUTO, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or 26 (HEX) characters for WEP Key.
  • Page 42 c. WPA-PSK/WPA2PSK If you set Security Mode to “WPAPSK or WPA2-PSK”, please fill in the related configurations at below. Item Description WPA Algorithms Select TKIP, AES, or TKIPAES for WPA algorithms. Pass Phrase Please fill in a passphrase like ‘test wpa 123’, or a hexadecimal string like '65E4 E123 456 E1'.
  • Page 43 d. WPA-RADIUS Item Description WPA Algorithms Select TKIP or AES for WPA algorithms. Key Renewal Please fill in a number for Group Key Renewal interval time. Interval IP Address Enter the RADIUS Server’s IP Address provided by your ISP. Port Enter the RADIUS Server’s port number provided by your ISP.
  • Page 44 e.802.1X Item Description Select Disable or Enable For WEP IP Address Enter the RADIUS Server’s IP Address provided by your ISP. Port Enter the RADIUS Server’s port number provided by your ISP. (The Default is 1812.) Shared Secret Enter the password that the Wireless Router shares with the RADIUS Server. Session Timeout Session timeout interval is for 802.1x re-authentication setting.
  • Page 45 f. Access Policy Item Description Policy Select the Disabled, Allow or Reject of drop down menu choose wireless access control mode. This is a security control function; only those clients registered in the access control list can link to this WLAN Broadband Router. Add a station Fill in the MAC address of client to register this AP router access capability.

  • Page 46: Wds

    4.3.4.4 WDS Item Description Encryp Select WEP,TKIP,or AES for WDS algorithms.

  • Page 47: Site Survey

    4.3.4.5 Site Survey You could configure AP Client parameters here.

  • Page 48: Wps

    4.3.4.4 WPS Item Description Select Enable or Disable the Wi-Fi Protected Setup function. Then click Apply button to take effect function after change. WPS Summary After enabling the WPS function, if there is connection the WPS Summary will show related information and status. AP PIN Here shows the AP’s PIN code (Personal Identification Number) that the enrollee should enter the registrar’s PIN code to make a connection.

  • Page 49: Firewall

    4.3.5 Firewall 4.3.5.1 MAC/IP/Port Filtering Item Description MAC/IP/Port Select Enable or Disable the MAC/IP/Port Filtering function. Filtering...
  • Page 50 Item Description Source MAC Fill in the MAC address of source NIC, to restrict data transmission. address Dest IP Address Fill in the IP address of destination, to restrict data transmission. Source IP Address Fill in the IP address of source, to restrict data transmission. Protocol Select the protocol that you want to restrict.

  • Page 51: Port Forwarding

    4.3.5.2 Port Forwarding Item Description Port Forwarding Select Enable or Disable the Port Forwarding function. IP Address To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the IP address. Port Range To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the port range.
  • Page 52 Item Description Virtual Server Select Enable or Disable the Virtual Server function. IP Address To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the IP address. Public Port To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the public port.

  • Page 53: Dmz

    4.3.5.3 DMZ Item Description DMZ Settings Enable or Disable the DMZ function. DMZ IP Address To support DMZ in your firewall design, fill in the IP address of DMZ host that can be access from the WAN interface.

  • Page 54: System Security

    4.3.5.4 System Security Item Description Remote Select Deny or Allow for remote management function. management Ping form WAN Select Disable or Enable for Ping permit from WAN. Filter SPI Firewall Select Disable or Enable for SPI firewall function.

  • Page 55: Content Filtering

    4.3.5.5 Content Filtering Item Description Fill in a URL string for URL filter. Then click Add button to save the URL filter policy or click Reset button to clear the field. Make a mark for next action. Delete Click Delete button to delete all that you selected. Reset Click Reset button to clear selected items.
  • Page 56 Item Description Keyword Fill in a word for Webs Host Filter policy. Make a mark for next action. Delete Click Delete button to delete all that you selected. Reset Click Reset button to clear selected items.

  • Page 57: 6Administration

    4.3.6Administration 4.3.6.1 Management Item Description Username Fill in the user name for web management login control. Password Fill in the password for web management login control. Current Time It shows the current time. Time Zone Select the time zone in your country from pull-down menu.. NTP Server Fill in NTP server IP address.
  • Page 58 Item Description Dynamic DNS Click the drop down menu to pick up the right DDNS provider you registered. Provider Account Fill in the account of DDNS you registered. Password Fill in the password of DDNS you registered. DDNS Fill in the domain name that you registered.

  • Page 59: Qos

    4.3.5.2 Qos Item Description Input uplink Maximum upload speed Uplink Speed Input downlink Maximum upload speed Downlink Speed Local IP Address Fill in the local IP address Fill limit upload bandwidth Uplink Bandwidth Downlink Fill limit bandwidth downlink Bandwidth...

  • Page 60: Upload Firmware

    4.3.5.3 Upload Firmware Item Description Location Click the Browse button to select the new firmware image file on PC. And click the Apply button to upgrade firmware.

  • Page 61: Settings Management

    4.3.6.4 Settings Management Item Description Export Button Click Export button to export the current configuration to your PC. Settings file Click Browse button to select the configuration file from your PC, then click location Import button to update the configuration. Load Default Click the Load Default button to reset the configuration parameter to factory Button...

  • Page 62: Status

    4.3.6.5 Status This page shows the current status and some basic settings of the device, includes system info, Internet Configurations and Local Network.

  • Page 63: System Log

    4.3.6.6 System Log This page is used to view system logs Item Description Refresh Click the Refresh button to refresh the log shown on the screen. Clear Click the Clear button to clear the log display screen.

  • Page 64: Configuration Examples

    4.4 Configuration Examples 4.4.1 Example one – PPPoE on the WAN Sales division of Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile communication on sales’ Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects information and plans the WLAN Broadband Router implementation by the following configuration.
  • Page 65 1. Configure the WAN interface: Open “Wide Area Network (WAN) Settings” page, select PPPoE then enter the User Name “user123” and Password “password123”, the password is encrypted to display on the screen. Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.

  • Page 66: Configure The Lan Interface

    2. Configure the LAN interface: Open “Local Area Network (LAN) settings” page, enter the IP Address “192.168.1.254”, Subnet Mask “255.255.255.0”. Enable DHCP Server, DHCP client range “192.168.1.100” to “192.168.1.200”, default Gateway “10.10.10.254” .Press “Apply” button to confirmt...
  • Page 67 3. Configure the WLAN interface: Open “Basic Wireless Settings” page, enter the SSID ”AP”, Channel Number ”AutoSelect”. Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.

  • Page 68: Example Two - Fixed Ip On The Wan

    4.4.2 Example two – fixed IP on the WAN Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile communication on all employees’ Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects information and plans the WLAN Broadband Router implementation by the following configuration. WAN configuration : Fixed IP IP Address 10.10.10.10...

  • Page 69: Example Two - Fixed Ip On The Wan

    4.4.2 Example two – fixed IP on the WAN Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile communication on all employees’ Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects information and plans the WLAN Broadband Router implementation by the following configuration. WAN configuration : Fixed IP IP Address 10.10.10.10...
  • Page 70 1. Configure the WAN interface: Open “Wide Area Network (WAN) Settings” page, select STATIC(fixed IP) then enter IP Address “10.10.10.10”, subnet mask “255.255.255.0”, Default gateway “10.10.10.1”. Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.
  • Page 71 2. Configure the LAN interface: Open “Local Area Network (LAN) settings” page, enter the IP Address “192.168.1.254”, Subnet Mask “255.255.255.0”. Enable DHCP Server, DHCP client range “192.168.1.50” to “192.168.1.150”, default Gateway “192.168.1.254” . Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting...
  • Page 72 3. Configure the WLAN interface: Open “Basic Wireless Settings” page, enter the SSID ” RalinkInitAP_1906B8”, Channel Number ”AutoSelect”. Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.

  • Page 73: Example Three -Set Wlan To Be Wan As Wifi Client

    4.4.3 Example three –set WLAN to be WAN as WiFi Client User Mr. ABC likes to configure this WLAN Broadband Router to be a WiFi client. In order to communicate with another AP. Mr. ABC collects information and plans the WLAN Broadband Router implementation by the following configuration.
  • Page 74 1. Configure the Operation Mode: Open “Operation Mode Configuration” page, select Wireless ISP, then click “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting and reboot the WLAN Broadband Router. After reboot, the wireless LAN will become to WAN interface.
  • Page 75 2. Site Survey: Open “Site Survey” page under Wireless Settings, and select the AP “testap”. Press “Connect” button to connect with the AP.
  • Page 76 3. Wireless encryption setting: If the AP has encryption setting, it will pop out a window for you filling the encryption setting. Please fill up the encryption code and click “Apply” button to connect with the AP.
  • Page 77 4.Status: You also can open “Status” page under Administration to check Internet Configurations.

  • Page 78: Frequently Asked Questions (Faq)

    5. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ) 5.1 What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address? 5.1 What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address? IP address is the identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination.

  • Page 79: How Does Wireless Networking Work

    5.4 How does wireless networking work? The 802.11 standard define two modes: infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode. In infrastructure mode, the wireless network consists of at least one access point connected to the wired network infrastructure and a set of wireless end stations. This configuration is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). An Extended Service Set (ESS) is a set of two or more BSSs forming a single sub-network.

  • Page 80: What Is Bssid

    5.5 What is BSSID? A six-byte address is that distinguish a particular a particular access point from others. Also know as just SSID. Serve as a network ID or name. 5.6 What is ESSID? The Extended Service Set ID (ESSID) is the name of the network you want to access. It is used to identify different wireless networks.

  • Page 81: What Is Wep

    5.9 What is WEP? An option of IEEE 802.11 function is that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wired network. The Wired Equivalent Privacy generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination stations can use to alert frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers. WEP relies on a secret key that is shared between a mobile station (e.g.

  • Page 82: What Is Rts (Request To Send) Threshold

    5.11 What is RTS (Request to Send) Threshold? The RTS threshold is the packet size at which packet transmission is governed by the RTS/CTS transaction. The IEEE 802.11-1997 standard allows for short packets to be transmitted without RTS/ CTS transactions. Each station can have a different RTS threshold. RTS/CTS is used when the data packet size exceeds the defined RTS threshold.

  • Page 83: What Is Ssid Broadcast

    5.14 What is SSID Broadcast? Broadcast of SSID is done in access points by the beacon. This announces your access point (including various bits of information about it) to the wireless world around it. By disabling that feature, the SSID configured in the client must match the SSID of the access point.

  • Page 84: What Is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (Tkip)

    5.18 What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)? The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, pronounced tee-kip, is part of the IEEE 802.11i encryption standard for wireless LANs. TKIP is the next generation of WEP, the Wired Equivalency Protocol, which is used to secure 802.11 wireless LANs. TKIP provides per-packet key mixing, a message integrity check and a re-keying mechanism, thus fixing the flaws of WEP.

  • Page 85: What Is Maximum Transmission Unit (Mtu) Size

    5.23 What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size? Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) indicates the network stack of any packet is larger than this value will be fragmented before the transmission. During the PPP negotiation, the peer of the PPP connection will indicate its MRU and will be accepted.

  • Page 86: What Is Wlan Block Relay Between Clients

    5.29 What is WLAN Block Relay between Clients? An Infrastructure Basic Service Set is a BSS with a component called an Access Point (AP). The access point provides a local relay function for the BSS. All stations in the BSS communicate with the access point and no longer communicate directly.

  • Page 87: What Is Guard Intervals (Gi)

    5.34 What is Guard Intervals (GI)? A GI is a period of time between symbol transmission that allows reflections (from multipath) from previous data transmission to settle before transmitting a new symbol. The 802.11n draft specifies two guard intervals: 400ns (short) and 800ns (long). Support of the 400ns GI is optional for transmit and receive.

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