Schleicher ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual
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Schleicher ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual

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Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co. Segelflugzeugbau
Model:
Serial Number:
Registration letters:
TC Data Sheet No.:
Issue:
Pages identified by "App." are approved by the au-
thority as shown below:
................................................
Signature
................................................
Aviation Authority
................................................
Stamp
................................................
Original Date of Approval
This powered sailplane is to operate only in compliance with the operat-
ing instructions and limitations contained herein.
The translation has been done by best knowledge and judgment. In any
case the original text in German is authoritative.
36163 Poppenhausen - Germany
Flight Manual
for the powered sailplane
ASK 21 Mi
ASK 21 Mi
EASA.A.221
December 1, 2007

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  • Page 1 Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co. Segelflugzeugbau 36163 Poppenhausen - Germany Flight Manual for the powered sailplane ASK 21 Mi Model: ASK 21 Mi Serial Number: Registration letters: TC Data Sheet No.: EASA.A.221 Issue: December 1, 2007 Pages identified by “App.” are approved by the au- thority as shown below: ..........
  • Page 3 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Section 0 0.1 Record of Revisions Any revision of the present manual, except updated weighing data, must be recorded in the following table, and in case of approved Sections endorsed by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA).
  • Page 5 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Record of Revisions Section & Pages Affec- Date of Date of Date of Ref. / Approval Issue Approval Insertion Signature Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision:...
  • Page 7 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Record of Revisions Section & Pages Date of Date of Date of Ref. / Approval Affected Issue Approval Insertion Signature Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision:...
  • Page 8 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 0.2 Index of Effective Pages Section Page Date Section Page Date Title page 01.12.07 App. 01.12.07 01.12.07 App. 01.12.07 01.12.07 App. 01.12.07 01.12.07 App. 01.12.07 01.12.07 01.12.07 01.12.07 App. 01.12.07 01.12.07 App. 01.12.07 01.12.07...
  • Page 10 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Section Page Date Section Page Date App. 4.22 01.12.07 01.12.07 App. 4.23 01.12.07 01.12.07 App. 4.24 01.12.07 01.12.07 App. 4.25 01.12.07 01.12.07 App. 4.26 01.12.07 7.10 01.12.07 App. 4.27 01.12.07 7.11 01.12.07 App.
  • Page 12 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Section Page Date Section Page Date 01.12.07 01.12.07 9.A.1 01.12.07 9.A.2 01.12.07 9.A.3 01.12.07 9.A.4 01.12.07 9.B.1 01.12.07 9.B.2 01.12.07 9.B.3 01.12.07 9.B.4 01.12.07 9.B.5 01.12.07 9.B.6 01.12.07 9.B.7 01.12.07 9.B.8 01.12.07 9.B.9 01.12.07 9.B.10 01.12.07...
  • Page 14 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 0.3 Table of Contents Section Record of Revision, List of Effective Pages, Table of Contents General Section without approval) Operating Limitations and Data (Approved Section) Emergency Procedures (Approved Section) Normal Operating Procedures Approved Section)
  • Page 16 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Section 1 General Introduction Type Certification Basis Special Annotations Description and Technical Data Three View Drawing Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm App. Revision:...
  • Page 17 1.1 Introduction This Flight Manual has been compiled in order to give pilots and instructors all the information they need for operating the ASK 21 Mi safely and appropriately. The manual includes all data required to be available to the pilot as laid down in the Design Standards JAR-22, Amendment 6.
  • Page 18 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 1.3 Special Annotations Passages in this manual which are of special importance for flight safety or handling have been emphasized by being prefixed by one of the following annotations:- "Warning" means that non-observation corresponding procedure leads to an immediate or important degradation of the flight safety.
  • Page 19 Flight Manual 1.4 Description and Technical Data The ASK 21 Mi is a shoulder wing glider with damped T-tail and sprung landing gear with hydraulic disc brake, and a nose wheel. The wing is equipped with air brakes on the top surface.
  • Page 20 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 1.5 Three View Drawing Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm App. Revision:...
  • Page 22 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Section 2 Operating Limitations Introduction Air Speed ASI Markings Power-Plant Power Plant Control Unit Markings Masses (Weights) Center of Gravity Approved Maneuvers Maneuvering Load Factors 2.10 Flight Crew 2.11 Types of Operation 2.12 Fuel and Oil 2.13 Minimum Equipment...
  • Page 23 This Section contains operating limitations, instrument markings and basic placards necessary for the safe operation of the powered sail- plane ASK 21 Mi, and its standard systems, installations, and standard equipment as provided by the manufacturer. The operating limitations included in this Section and in Section 9 are approved by EASA.
  • Page 24 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Do not make full or abrupt 180 km/h control movement above this speed, because under 97 kts Maneuvering speed certain conditions the air- 112 mph craft structure may be over- stressed by full control movement.
  • Page 25 ASK 21 Mi Flughandbuch Flughandbuch Maximum speed 120 km/h for extending and 65 kts retracting the 75 mph propeller Do not extend nor retract the propeller outside of this speed range Minimum speed 90 km/h for extending and 49 kts...
  • Page 26 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 2.3 Airspeed Indicator Markings Airspeed indicator markings and their color-code significance are shown below. Marking IAS value or range Significance 88 – 180 km/h Normal Operating Green arc 48 – 97 kts Range 55 –...
  • Page 27 ASK 21 Mi Flughandbuch Flughandbuch 2.4 Power-Plant Engine manufacturer: Diamond Aircraft Ind. Engine: IAE 50R-AA Max. power: - take-off 37.3 kW (3 minute limit) 7750 rpm - continuous 35.8 kW 7100 rpm Max. take-off revs: 7750 rpm Max. continuous revs: 7100 rpm Max.
  • Page 28 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 2.5 Power-Plant Control Unit Markings The following table shows the markings of the digital ILEC engine con- trol unit and the meaning of the colors employed. Green Diode Yellow Diode Red Diode Normal Operat-...
  • Page 29 One example of calculating C.G. positions is given in Section 6 of the ASK 21 Mi Maintenance Manual. 2.8 Approved Maneuvers This powered sailplane is approved for normal sailplane and powered sailplane operation (Airworthiness Category "Utility").
  • Page 30 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 2.9 Maneuvering Load Factors Maximum maneuvering load factors: max. positive load factor + 5.3 max. negative load factor - 2.65 at an air speed of 180 km/h ( 97 kts) At increasing air speeds, these values will be reduced depending on the...
  • Page 31 ASK 21 Mi Flughandbuch Flughandbuch 2.10 Flight Crew For solo flights the pilot must occupy the front seat. With two up, the pilot in command occupies the front seat – unless the occupants agree prior to the flight that the pilot in command occupies the rear seat.
  • Page 32 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 2.12 Fuel and Oil Only fuel WITHOUT two-stroke oil must be refilled. Capacity of the fuselage tank: 23.2 Liter 6.13 US Gal Max. fuel quantity usable in flight: 23.0 Liter 6.08 US Gal Non-usable fuel: 0.2 Liter...
  • Page 33 ASK 21 Mi Flughandbuch Flughandbuch 2.13 Minimum Equipment Minimum Equipment consists of: ASI indicating up to 300 km/h (162 kts), in each instrument panel Altimeter, in each instrument panel Magnetic Compass, in the front instrument panel ILEC engine control unit, in each instrument panel...
  • Page 34 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 2.14 Approved Launch Methods The maximum permissible launch speeds are: for Aero tow 180 km/h (97 kts) for Winch Launch & Auto Launch 150 km/h (81 kts) For winch launch a weak link with a nominal strength of 1000 daN (2248 lbf) - black - must be used in the launch cable.
  • Page 35 Flughandbuch 2.15 Operating Limitations Placard This placard is fixed at the right cockpit side wall and contains the most important mass and speed limitations. Segelflugzeugbau Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co. Poppenhausen ASK 21 Mi Model: Serial-No.: DATA an LOADING PLACARD...
  • Page 36 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Section 3 Emergency Procedures Introduction Jettisoning Canopies Bailing Out Stall Recovery Spin Recovery Spiral Dive Recovery Engine Failure Fire Other Emergencies Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm app. Revision:...
  • Page 37 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 3.1 Introduction This Section contains Check Lists, summarizing procedures recom- mended in the case of emergencies, in the form of brief headings. This is followed by a more detailed description. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES To Jettison Canopies...
  • Page 38 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Spinning When power plant running: set throttle to IDLE Apply opposite rudder Short pause (1/2 spin turn) Relax back pressure on stick until rotation stops Centralize rudder and immediately pull out gently from dive.
  • Page 39 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 3.2 Jettisoning Canopies If, during propeller-extended flight, jettisoning the canopy is unavoid- able, the (running) propeller must at first be moved into a position which is less dangerous for the pilot. To do this switch off the ignition and en- gage the propeller stop.
  • Page 40 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 3.3 Bailing Out If bailing out becomes inevitable, first the canopy is jettisoned, and only then should the seat harness be released. Front Pilot: Push instrument panel upwards (if this was not yet al- ready done in the course of jettisoning the canopy).
  • Page 41 Flight Manual Flight Manual 3.4 Stall Recovery In straight or circling flight, relaxing of back pressure on the stick will al- ways lead to recovery. Due to its aerodynamic qualities the ASK 21 Mi will immediately re-gain flying speed. App. Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm...
  • Page 42 70 to 100 meter (230 to 330 feet). Note: During spins the ASK 21 Mi oscillates in pitch. From a steep nose down spin recovery according to the standard procedure is up to 1 turn, from a flat slow spin less than 1 turn.
  • Page 43 3.6 Spiral Dive Recovery Depending on the aileron deflection during spin with forward C.G. posi- tions, i.e. in the range where the ASK 21 Mi does no longer sustain a stationary spin, the aircraft will enter immediately or after only a few turns a spiral dive or a slipping turn similar to a spiral dive.
  • Page 44 ILEC Change Over Switch: Turned towards the pilot? If the above points check out correctly, the fault cannot be rectified in flight, the propeller should be retracted and the ASK 21 Mi should from then on be operated as a pure sailplane. Retract propeller in the normal manner in accordance with the check list.
  • Page 45 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual This action not only improves the gliding performance (perhaps now a more suitable field can be reached), but also reduces the risks in case of a crash landing. In this case the main switch must not be turned off until the propeller has reached at least its partially retracted position.
  • Page 46 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 3.8 Fire (1) Fire with propeller extended A fire in the engine compartment is indicated by a red blinking diode in the instrument panel. Further details are given in Section 7.7. Monitor as per Check List 3.1 (4) and land as quickly as possible. If possible, retract the propeller, as closing the engine doors will reduce the oxygen feed! Smother fire with extinguisher or fire blanket (clothing).
  • Page 47 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 3.9 Other Emergencies (1) Groundloops If the aircraft threatens to roll out beyond the intended landing area, the decision should be made not less than 40 m (140 ft) before reaching the end of the landing area to initiate a controlled ground loop.
  • Page 48 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual (4) Defective Airbrake Control Circuit If sudden strong change of flight course happens, the pilot should im- mediately visually check that the airbrakes have extended on both wings as this asymmetry may be caused by an airbrake extended on one wing only.
  • Page 50 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Section 4 Normal Operating Procedures Introduction Rigging and De-rigging Daily Inspection Pre-Flight Checks Normal Operation and Recommended Speeds 4.5.1 Operating the Power-Plant 4.5.2 Winch Launch 4.5.3 Aero tow 4.5.4 Free Flight 4.5.5 Landing Approach and Landing 4.5.6...
  • Page 51 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 4.1 Introduction This Section contains Check Lists for the daily inspection and pre-flight checks. It also describes normal operating procedures. Normal opera- tion procedures associated with the aircraft, if equipped with various an- cillary systems and equipment not included as standard equipment, are described in Section 9.
  • Page 52 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual All quick-release connectors must be secured by safety elements against unintentional release. Mainly the so-called Wedekind safety sleeves are used. During assembly of the quick-release connectors either the alumi- num safety sleeve is pushed back until the wedge may be pushed in entirely, or the spring is removed from the check hole of the wedge.
  • Page 53 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual The tailplane is pushed on to the fin from the front and the elevator must be guided into the elevator connection. Now push the tail- plane home until the hexagon socket head bolt (Allen screw) at the leading edge will engage its thread.
  • Page 54 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual De-rigging De-rigging is carried out in the reverse sequence of rigging. It must be taken care that the rear wing attachment pins have to be removed prior to the main pins. Warning: To de-rig the horizontal tail from the fin, only use the method according to Fig.
  • Page 55 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 4.3 Daily Inspection 1) Open canopies. Check that the main pins are properly secured by the safety hooks! 2) Check control connections of ailerons and air brakes in the fuse- lage through the access hole at the left side above the wing. Are...
  • Page 56 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 13) Air brake: check condition, free movement, alignment and locking. 14) Rear wing attachment pins pressed in and secured? 15) Check that static ports in the fuselage tail boom are unobstructed! 16) Check the condition of the Pitot tube and the Total Energy probe...
  • Page 57 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Fig. 4.3-1 Tour around the aircraft (see Daily Inspection 4.3) App. Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision:...
  • Page 58 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Daily Inspection with Extended Propeller a) When extending the propeller pay attention to unusual noise and stiffness of operation. b) The most important bolted connections can be checked from above through the open engine bay doors. With one exception they are se- cured with standard stop nuts, and therefore are easy to check.
  • Page 59 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual l) Check limit switch for electric jack for damage and secure seating - including the electrical connections. m) Check the toothed belt for wear and correct pre-tension. It should be possible to twist the belt just by 30°...
  • Page 60 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Tank System (fuel and oil) a) Fuel tank cap correctly closed? b) Check visually fuselage tank for leaks. c) Press drainer and release any condensation if present. Watch care- fully that the drainer afterwards closes again tightly. The drainer is situated at the fuselage bottom left side below the wing.
  • Page 61 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 4.4 Pre-Flight Checks The following Check Lists containing the most important points are af- fixed within easy view of the front seat pilot: Pre Flight Check 1. Main pins secured ? 2. Check control connection ! Quick-release connectors secured ? 3.
  • Page 62 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 4.5 Normal Operation and Recommended Speeds 4.5.1 Power-Plant Control and Self-Launch Warning: Access hole cover correctly locked and taped up? Non-observance risks that it may become loose and damage the propeller when the engine is running.
  • Page 63 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Cold start (very cold, engine heavily cooled down) Propeller CLEAR? Throttle: IDLE (lowermost setting) Press STARTER button max. 5 seconds If engine does not fire, press STARTER again after a short rest pe-...
  • Page 64 7750 rpm (3 minute limit) Maximum continuous revs: 7100 rpm. The power-plant of the ASK 21 Mi gives the possibility to self-launch with good climbing performance, extending the operational range of a pure sailplane. It is advisable to familiarize oneself with the extending...
  • Page 65 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual field, before attempting a cross country flight. The power-plant of a powered sailplane must not be regarded as a life insurance, for instance when crossing unlandable areas. One should always be prepared for the possibility that the power-plant will fail to deliver the hoped-for pro- pulsion.
  • Page 66 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual If the defect occurs during take-off phase in powered flight, the necessary fuel pressure may possibly be reached by switching on the fuel pump 2. After reaching safety height the engine must be shut off immediately and the pilot must land without delay.
  • Page 67 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual With the engine running the red ECU light normally is off. If it remains constantly on when the engine is running, a defect must be suspected in some area of the electronic engine control system. Such defect must be repaired prior to the next take-off.
  • Page 68 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual For a safe self-launch maximum engine revolutions should come up to 7000 RPM on the ground. With lower revolutions the pilot must face longer take-off distances than indicated in Section 5.2.3. Warning: If maximum revolutions on the ground are below 7000 RPM, the aircraft must not take off.
  • Page 69 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Caution: Prior to flight check that the oil supply is sufficient for the whole intended fuel contents. Monitor oil warning light during powered flight! A detailed description of the ILEC engine control unit is given under Section 7.7.
  • Page 70 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual (7) Retracting the Propeller Only after the engine RPM have almost completely died down and the propeller is only yet wind-milling the propeller stop block must be swiv- eled into the arc of the propeller. Max. speed for this is 120 km/h (65 kts, 74mph).
  • Page 71 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 4.5.2 Winch Launch - Winch launch only at the C.G. tow release coupling in front of the main wheel - Trim set at about 1 cm aft off forward position - Max. tow speed 150 km/h (81 kts, 93mph) - Favourable tow speed 100 to 120 km/h (54 –...
  • Page 72 For C. of G. positions of up to 315 mm (12.4 in) aft of datum, the ASK 21 Mi does not spin at all. This configuration applies to two heavy pilots. For C. of G. positions from 320 mm through 385 mm aft of datum, more incipient spin turns are possible followed by self recovery after up to 4 ½...
  • Page 73 Such C. of G. positions usually are only possible with one pilot flying solo. Note: During spins the ASK 21 Mi oscillates in pitch. From a steep nose down spin recovery according to the standard procedure (see Section 3) is up to 1 turn, from a flat slow spin less than 1 turn.
  • Page 74 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual High Speed Flight: The aircraft shows no flutter tendency within the permissible speed range. With airbrakes extended in a 45° dive the speed remains below = 280 km/h (151 kts, 174 mph); at all up weight of 705 kg speed will be up to 251 km/h (136 kts, 156 mph).
  • Page 75 Note: Compared to the pure sailplane, the higher mass of the ASK 21 Mi requires a higher approach and touch down speed to achieve a neat round-out and hold-off without stalling.
  • Page 76 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 4.5.6 High Altitude Flights Flutter tests were carried out at about 2000 m (6500 ft msl). As the ASI under-reads at increasing altitude, but since flutter limits for light aircraft are determined by the true air speed, the following limitations apply to...
  • Page 77 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual When the engine had been running and is retracted, our experience is that it will cool down only slowly. This makes engine operation still pos- sible after a short time in colder air.
  • Page 78 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Do not fly into icing conditions with a wet aircraft. In this context, see also Section 4.5.6 above. 4.5.8 Cloud Flying Required minimum equipment for cloud flying see Section 2.13. According to previous experience the airspeed indicator system is not susceptible to icing-up.
  • Page 79 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 4.5.9 Aerobatics The following aerobatic maneuvers are approved – however, only with the power-plant retracted. With and without spin ballast at the fin: SPIN Only without spin ballast at the fin: STEEP CLIMBING TURN...
  • Page 80 (spin ballast). Further details on the spin ballast are given in Section 9. Caution: During spins the ASK 21 Mi oscillates in pitch. From a steep nose down spin recovery according to the standard procedure takes up to 1 turn (see Sec- tion 3.5), from a flat and slower spin less than 1 turn.
  • Page 81 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Steep Climbing Turn Entrance speed: single: 150 km/h, 81 kts, 93 mph dual: 160 km/h, 86 kts, 100 mph Lazy Eight Entrance speed: single: 150 km/h, 81 kts, 93 mph dual: 160 km/h, 86 kts, 100mph...
  • Page 82 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Section 5 Performances Introduction Section approved by EASA 5.2.1 ASI Indication Errors 5.2.2 Stall Speeds 5.2.3 Take-Off Performances 5.2.4 Flight Performance with Engine Running Additional Information 5.3.1 Demonstrated Cross Wind Components 5.3.2 Flight Polars 5.3.3...
  • Page 83 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 5.1 Introduction This Section contains EASA-approved data relating to ASI indication er- rors and stall speeds, as well as additional data and information which do not require approval. The data in the charts and tables were established by means of test...
  • Page 84 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 5.2.1.1 Diagram ASI Calibration = Indicated Air-Speed = Calibrated Air-Speed Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm App. Revision:...
  • Page 85 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 5.2.2 Stall Speeds The stall speed is depending on the payload. The following reference values are applicable (IAS, propeller retracted): Stall Speed IAS Airbrakes Airbrakes Flight mass retracted extended 76 km/h 79 km/h...
  • Page 86 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 5.2.3 Take-Off Performances The take-off performances given below are applicable to take-offs on hard and level grass runways and for the aircraft, propeller, and engine in good condition and for the following conditions:...
  • Page 87 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 5.2.3.1 Take-off Charts Caution: For other runway surface conditions such as wet grass, soft ground, high grass, snow and water spots etc., which are not given in these charts, it is recommended to use the additional distance fac-...
  • Page 88 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual On hard surface On grass Take-off Take-off Take-off Take-off Altitude Temperature roll distance roll distance °C / °F -15 °C / 5 °F 1123 1222 0 °C / 32 °F 1308 1446 15 °C / 59 °F...
  • Page 89 Flight Manual 5.2.4 Flight Performance with Engine Running Climb Rate: At MSL and normal atmosphere the ASK 21 Mi climbs at a rate of 2.25 m/s (443 ft/min) at the best climb speed of v = 100 km/h (54 kts, 62 mph) (with take-off power).
  • Page 90 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual If the cruise flight is done at v = 125 km/h (67.5 kts, 77 mph) and at 7100 RPM, a fuel consumption of 14 l/h (3.7 US Gal/h) gives a flight time of 98 minutes from a full fuselage tank. This provides a range of 200 km (108 Nm).
  • Page 91 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 5.3 Additional Information 5.3.1 Demonstrated Cross Wind Components Self-launch: 15 km/h 8.1 kts Winch Launch & Auto Launch: 20 km/h 10.8 kts Aero tow: 20 km/h 10.8 kts Landing: 20 km/h 10.8 kts 5.3.2 Flight Polars...
  • Page 92 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 5.3.2-1 Flight Polars Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision: 5.11...
  • Page 93 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 5.3.3 Noise Emission The noise emission measurements were carried out in accordance with ICAO, Annex 16, Volume I, Chapter 10 (corresponds the currently valid German requirements Lärmschutzverordnung für Luftfahrzeuge [LVL], date Aug. 1, 2004, published in NfL II 70/04).
  • Page 94 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Section 6 Mass (Weight) and Balance, C.G. Position 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Mass (Weight) and Balance Form Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm App. Revision:...
  • Page 95 Introduction This Section describes the limits of load distribution, inside which the ASK 21 Mi can be safely operated. Weighing procedure and calculation of permissible C.G. limits are de- scribed in the Maintenance Manual, Section 6. A complete list of the equipment which is installed in the aircraft during the weighing, is con- tained in the aircraft records together with a detailed weighing report.
  • Page 96 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm App. Revision:...
  • Page 98 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Section 7 Description of the Powered Sailplane, its Systems and Equipment Introduction Flight Controls and Trim Air Brakes Landing Gear Cockpit, Canopies, Safety Harness and Instrument Panels Baggage Compartment Power-Plant Fuel and Oil Tank System Electrical System 7.10 Pitot and Static Pressure System...
  • Page 99 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 7.1 Introduction This Section contains a description of the powered sailplane, its sys- tems and equipment with instructions for use. Details of various optional systems and equipment can furthermore be found in Section 9.
  • Page 100 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual To move pedals forward: Pull knob and push pedals forward with your heels. Release knob and apply pressure shortly to pedals to lock in position. (b) Rear seat: Pedal adjustment: grey ring in front...
  • Page 101 The air brakes extend on the upper wing surface only. 7.4 Landing Gear The ASK 21 Mi uses a fixed, sprung main wheel, size 380 x 150. The tail wheel size is 210 x 65, the nose wheel 4.00-4. Optionally the ASK 21 Mi can be equipped with a steerable nose wheel, which is coupled with the rudder control circuit.
  • Page 102 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 7.5 Cockpit, Canopies, Safety Harness, and Instrument Panels Launch Cable / Towing Hook Release: At the cockpit wall to the left of each instrument panel you will find the cable release ball handle (yellow).
  • Page 103 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Adjustable head rest: There is an adjustable head rest for the front seat. If the pilot uses the back rest, the head rest is inserted into the guide at the back rest. With the stop bolt the head rest is fixed at the correct height.
  • Page 104 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Canopy Operation: To open front canopy: pull the white lever handles mounted at ei- ther side of the canopy frame backwards. Canopy is hinged forward. To lock front canopy: move white levers forwards.
  • Page 105 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Note: An unlocked rear canopy could blow open during take-off and get damaged or destroyed respectively. To prevent this, a safety system has been incorpo- rated which only allows the front canopy locking handles to be pushed home if the rear canopy is properly locked first.
  • Page 106 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Instrument Panels: For safety reasons, only GRP panels made in accordance with the fac- tory lamination plan must be used. Instruments weighing more than 1 daN (2.2 lbf) need further support, in addition to their fixing screws. This can be done by means of aluminum straps fixed either at the front canopy hinge, or to the rear instrument panel cowling.
  • Page 107 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 7.7 Power-Plant The Propeller of the power-plant unit - when retracted - is accommo- dated in the engine bay in the fuselage behind the wing. It is extended and retracted by means of an electric jack.
  • Page 108 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Fig. 7.7-1 ILEC Power-Plant Control Unit, Overall View FUEL RPM(V) LIT(TEM) 00016 TEST 1. LC Display 2. Green LED for green RPM Range 3. Yellow LED for yellow RPM Range 4. Red LED for maximum RPM 5.
  • Page 109 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Description of ILEC Engine Control Unit: The figures given in brackets refer to the numbering in the preceding ILEC Overall View. Ignition [17]: The ignition switch at the bottom left turns the ignition on and off. The switch is protected by a safety U-bracket against unintentional opera- tion.
  • Page 110 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual The micro controller prohibits the retraction of the propeller unit as long as the ignition is on in order to prevent dangerous conditions. But the engine can be extended when the ignition is on, the starter however re- mains deactivated, until the propeller is fully extended.
  • Page 111 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Calibration of the fuel gauge: With ignition off, retracted propeller and topped up fuselage tank press the "Retract" switch [12] (about 30 sec.) until the LC-display shows up a reading like this: |102|. Now the fuselage tank sensor is calibrated to the type of fuel in the tank.
  • Page 112 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Press [15] twice: Internal Cooling Air Temperature (Page 2) (3-digit) [°C] Range of indication: 40°C to 128°C, with a resolution of 2°C. Exceeding the limit temperature of 127°C the display flashes and the alarm (horn) is set on.
  • Page 113 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Warning Signals: Generator Voltage [7]: The warning light for the generator is located at the top right. When the propeller is extended this red light lights up, if: - the RPM is less than 2000 RPM (regardless of aircraft system voltage) - the aircraft system voltage falls below 12.8 V (at any RPM).
  • Page 114 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual to run. When the engine is running the light will be off if there are no er- rors. A flashing of the ECU light indicates a problem in one of the following systems: •...
  • Page 115 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Oil Supply [5]: On the right next to the RPM-LED’s the yellow engine oil supply LED is located. It is flashing, if the filling level in the lubricating oil reservoir falls below the minimum level. Then only a reserve of about 10 minutes is still available.
  • Page 116 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Empty Page Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision: 7.19...
  • Page 117 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Fig. 7.7-2 Power-Plant Control Console, front Main Switch for Power-Plant and Avionics (Engine Battery) Propeller stop Starter Throttle Adjusting twist knob for throttle friction brake Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision:...
  • Page 118 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Fig. 7.7-3 Power-Plant Control Console, rear Propeller stop Starter Throttle Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision: 7.21...
  • Page 119 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Description of the power-plant control console: The figures in braces refer to the numbering in the preceding control console views. The Power-Plant Main Switch {1} cuts out the battery from the power- plant and avionics circuit When the propeller stop lever {2} is moved downwards, a stop block is pivoted into the arc of the propeller.
  • Page 120 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Fire warning light: A temperature sensor is fitted in the engine compartment, it triggers the fire warning at a temperature of 140 °C (284 °F). The fire warning is a red flashing LED in the upper area of the front instrument panel (it is...
  • Page 121 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Change-over switch between both ILEC engine control units: Change-over switch cockpit rear Change-over switch cockpit front In each cockpit one ILEC control unit is installed. The ILEC change-over switch selects the master unit.
  • Page 122 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 7.8 Fuel and Oil Tank System See also Fig.7.8-1 at the end of this Section. The fuel tank is mounted in the fuselage above the spar passage with a fuel capacity for about 1 hour duration (at maximum continuous power).
  • Page 123 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Refuelling the Fuselage Tank The filling hole for the fuel is on the fuselage top to the left of the access hole cover. It is closed by a screw cap with an O-ring seal.
  • Page 124 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Note: If refuelling is done out of a can and it is not sure that there is no dirt nor water residues in the can, the fuel must be filtered by placing a piece of leather into the funnel.
  • Page 125 (1) Removable Trim Ballast as Compensation for Reduced Pilot Weight As an optional extra the ASK 21 Mi can be equipped with trim ballast whereby the single lead trim plates are fixed about below the knees of the front pilot. In this location, for example a 3 kg (6.6 lb) lead trim plate has the effect of a pilot mass (weight) of 3.75 kg (8.27 lb) in the front...
  • Page 126 For reasons of space, due to the incorporation of the power-plant and the fuselage tank, only one oxygen bottle can be accommodated in the ASK 21 Mi, in the baggage compartment. The oxygen bottle fixtures are only supplied as optional extra and are not provided as standard equip- ment.
  • Page 127 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Fig. 7.8-1 Fuel System Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision: 7.30...
  • Page 128 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Fig. 7.9-1 On-Board Circuit 3,15 A optional charging terminal in the Vario instrument panel or at the root rib connector DIN audio plug version ZMI plus at contact 1, ground at contact 5...
  • Page 129 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Fig. 7.9-2 Engine Electric Circuit Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision: 7.32...
  • Page 130 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Fig. 7.10-1 Pressure Systems S t a t i c p r e s s u r e t r a n s p a r e n t P i t o t...
  • Page 132 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Section 8 Handling, Care and Maintenance Introduction Powered Sailplane Inspection Periods Powered Sailplane Alterations or Repairs Ground Handling / Road Transport Cleaning and Care Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision:...
  • Page 133 8.2 Powered Sailplane Inspection Periods A Certificate of Airworthiness renewal inspection must be carried out annually. Further details can be found in the ASK 21 Mi Maintenance Manual, Sections 4 and 7, and in the separate Engine and Propeller Mainte- nance Manuals.
  • Page 134 8.4 Ground Handling / Road Transport (1) Parking The ASK 21 Mi is equipped with plastic sealing tape at all control sur- face gaps. This means that when parking the aircraft principally all con- trol surfaces must always be set to neutral!
  • Page 135 (2) Road Transport Messrs. Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co. can supply dimensioned drawings of the ASK 21 Mi that will provide all the measurements needed for building a closed trailer. We can also supply the names and addresses of reputable trailer manufacturers.
  • Page 136 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual In any case, be sure that the elevator engaging ac- tuator is always free moving; even with the stick full back this must be guaranteed. 8.5 Cleaning and Care Contrary to the false assumption, that plastic materials are impervious...
  • Page 137 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual (2) Sunlight - effects on the gel coat surface finish Sunlight - especially its UV component - embrittles the white polyester gel coat and the Perspex canopy. The wax layer on the gel coat will also oxidize and discolor more quickly if the aircraft is unnecessarily exposed to strong sunlight.
  • Page 138 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual (4) Canopies The Acrylic Canopy (Plexiglass or Perspex) should only be cleaned by means of a special cleaner (e.g. „Plexus“ Plastic Cleaner or Chem- Tools „Acryshield“) or with lots of clean water. On no account should a dry cloth etc be used for dusting or cleaning.
  • Page 140 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Section 9 Supplements Introduction List of inserted Supplements Supplements Inserted Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision:...
  • Page 141 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 9.1 Introduction This Section contains appropriate supplements necessary to safely and efficiently operate the aircraft when equipped with various optional sys- tems and equipment, which do not come as standard. The following optional equipment has already been described in Sec- tion 7.11 of this manual:...
  • Page 142 = 400 mm (15.75 in) and more. This supplement describes the use of spin ballast in order to practise spins with two pilots. Thus the ASK 21 Mi can be used for spin instruction to come up against the fact that uncontrollable flight attitudes (wing dropping, spin &c) ac- count for a great part of the serious accidents.
  • Page 143 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual It must be done such that the nut and washer cover the text of the above placard. 3 Emergency Procedures No changes become necessary for the emergency procedures. 4 Normal Procedures During each pre-flight check it is necessary to verify that no spin ballast or only the intended spin ballast is attached.
  • Page 144 5 Performance The aerodynamic drag caused by the spin ballast plates impairs the glide performance of the ASK 21 Mi slightly. Performance in powered flight will not change significantly. Because of the aft C.G. position the aircraft naturally will respond more strongly to elevator deflections.
  • Page 145 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Instead of this page the spin ballast table can be inserted if applicable. Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision: 9.A.4 Spin Ballast...
  • Page 146 B – Operation with removed engine 1 General When the engine has been removed, the ASK 21 Mi can be operated in the same way as the basic sailplane model ASK 21. This enables aero- batics also with negative maneuvers, yet requires on the other hand complying with all the limitations which are valid for the pure sailplane.
  • Page 147 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 2 Limitations The following values change: 2.6 Mass (Weight) Maximum take-off mass: 600 kg (1320 lb) Max. mass of all non-lifting parts: 410 kg (904 lb) 2.8 Approved Maneuvers Loop upwards Stall Turn Split ‘S’...
  • Page 148 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 2.13 Minimum Equipment In addition to the Minimum Equipment as already mentioned in Sec- tion 2 of the Flight Manual: Parachute for each pilot G-meter in the front instrument panel, it must have the fol- lowing markings (only for operation with the mass limits of the "engine removed"...
  • Page 149 Flight Manual Flight Manual 2.15 Operating Limitations Placard The following placards replace the respective placards of the powered sailplane: Segelflugzeugbau Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co. Poppenhausen ASK 21 Mi, with engine removed Model: Serial-No.: DATA an LOADING PLACARD Maximum Permissible Speeds...
  • Page 150 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 4 Normal Procedures 4.5.9 Aerobatics Even a sailplane approved for full aerobatics does not have infinite strength reserves. Most hazardous are aerobatics that are badly exe- cuted and get out of control, and so result in high loads.
  • Page 151 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Fuselage Nose minimum Extension tube for Pitot pressure head - for use during inverted flight. Brass tube Ø12x1, 140 mm (5.5 in) in length. A suitable plastic tube may also be used provided it is sufficiently stiff and straight.
  • Page 152 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Loop upwards Entry Speed: single: 155 km/h, 84 kts, 96 mph dual: 170 km/h, 92 kts, 106 mph max. acceleration: 2 – 3g Stall Turn Entry Speed: single: 165 km/h, 89 kts, 103 mph dual: 180 km/h, 97 kts, 112 mph max.
  • Page 153 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Slow Roll Entry Speed: single: 150 km/h, 81 kts, 93 mph dual: 165 km/h, 89 kts, 103 mph Half Loop, Half Roll, Inverted Flight Note: during inverted flight the fuselage nose will be unexpectedly high above the horizon.
  • Page 154 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Lazy Eight Entry Speed: single: 140 km/h, 76 kts, 87 mph dual: 150 km/h, 81 kts, 93 mph Steep Climbing Turn Entry Speed: single: 140 km/h, 76 kts, 87 mph dual: 150 km/h, 81 kts, 93 mph...
  • Page 155 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual 5 Performance Because of the lower wing loading the stall speed decreases by about 6 km/h (3.2 kts, 3,7 mph). 6 Weight and Balance A Mass and Balance Form must be available which must be headlined with „ASK 21, MTOW 600kg“...
  • Page 156 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision: Engine Removed 9.B.11...
  • Page 157 ASK 21 Mi Flight Manual Flight Manual Instead of this page the spin ballast table can be inserted if applicable. Issue: 01.12.2007 mh / mg / mm Revision: 9.B.12 Engine Removed...

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