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BIOS is a set of assembly routine/program that reside in
devices of motherboard. In general, to provide hardware independent portability, operation system and drivers is required to access
BIOS without directly access hardware devices.
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The traditional PIO (Programmable I/O) IDE requires the CPU to involve in all the activities of the IDE access including waiting for the
mechanical events. To reduce the workload of the CPU, the bus master IDE device transfers data from/to memory without interrupting
CPU, and releases CPU to operate concurrently while data is transferring between memory and IDE device. You need the bus master
IDE driver and the bus master IDE HDD to support bus master IDE mode.
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Normally, CODEC means a circuit that can do digital to analog conversion and also the analog to digital conversion. It is part of
sound/modem solution.
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DIMM socket has total 168-pin and supports 64-bit data. It can be single or double side, the golden finger signals on each side of PCB
are different, that is why it was called Dual In Line. Almost all DIMMs are made by SDRAM, which operate at 3.3V. Note that some old
DIMMs are made by
FPM/EDO
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and only operate at 5V. Do not confuse them with SDRAM DIMM.
EPROM
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Flash
ROM. BIOS controls Input/output devices and other hardware
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