Roland Sound Canvas Digital SC-D70 Owner's Manual page 51

Control Change
These messages control functions such as modulation or pan. A different controller
number is used for each function.
Bank Select (controller numbers 0, 32)
This message is used in conjunction with Program Changes to select sounds. After
using Bank Select to switch banks, use Program Change to select a sound.
Transmitting only the Bank Select message will not cause the sound to change.
Modulation (controller number 1)
A vibrato effect will be applied when this message is received.
Volume (controller number 7)
This message conveys the volume of a part. The volume of the part will change when
this message is received.
Expression (controller number 11)
This message conveys changes in volume. It is used to create expressive changes in
volume during a song.
Using volume and expression
It is convenient to distinguish the use of volume and expression as follows.
Volume: adjust the volume balance between parts
Expression: modify the volume during the song
(e.g., crescendo, decrescendo)
The reason for using the two messages in this way is that if you use only Volume
messages to vary the loudness during the song, any later adjustment to the balance
between parts will require you to modify all of the Volume data throughout the
entire song. However, if you enter Volume messages only at the beginning of the
song and use Expression during the song, you can simply change the Volume values
to adjust the balance between parts, and continue to use the same Expression data
throughout the song. For example, this would be convenient if you wanted to adjust
the balance between the piano and bass parts as your song nears completion.
Panpot (controller number 10)
This message conveys the panning (stereo location) of a part.
Hold (1) (controller number 64)
This message conveys movements of the damper pedal when it is pressed or
released to sustain the currently sounding notes. When a Hold On message is
received, the notes will be sustained. Decay-type sounds such as a piano will
continue to decay until Hold Off is received. Sustaining sounds such as an organ will
continue sounding until Hold Off is received.
Sostenuto (controller number 66)
This message conveys movements of the sostenuto pedal, which sustains only those
notes that were already being held down at the instant that the pedal was pressed.
When Sostenuto On is received, only those notes that were in the key-on state at that
moment will be sustained. Decay-type sounds such as a piano will continue to decay
until Sostenuto Off is received. Sustaining sounds such as an organ will continue
sounding until Sostenuto Off is received.
Appendix
On some MIDI sequencers,
Control Change messages
located at the same step
(timing) are transmitted in
ascending order of their
controller number. If you
are using such a MIDI
sequencer, you must adjust
the timing of the Bank
Select message so that the
messages are transmitted in
the order of Bank Select ->
Program Change.
The part volume will
change in response to both
volume messages (Control
Change 7) and expression
messages (Control Change
11). If a value of 0 is
received for either of these
messages, the part volume
will be 0, and will not
increase even if you
attempt to raise the value
of the other message to
increase the volume. Please
be aware of this.
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