Off-Chip Rf Components - LG L601i Service Manual

3. TECHNICAL BRIEF

3.5 Off-chip RF Components

3.5.1 Front End Module(FL508)
Front End module integrates antenna switch module and GSM Rx filter. The antenna switch module
allows multiple operating bands and modes to share the same antenna. In the L601i design, a
common antenna connects to one of six paths: 1) UMTS-2100 Rx/Tx, 2) EGSM Rx, 3) DCS-1800 Rx,
4) PCS-1900 Rx, 5)EGSM Tx, and 6) DCS-1800, PCS-1900 Tx. UMTS operation requires
simultaneous reception and transmission, so the UMTS Rx/Tx connection is routed to a duplexer that
separates receive and transmit signals. GSM band of operation is time division duplexed, so only the
receiver or transmitter is active at any time and a frequency duplexer is not required. The module
includes lowpass filters for the GSM bands transmit paths to reduce out-of-band emissions, PA
harmonics in particular.
3.5.2 UMTS duplexer (FL509)
A UMTS duplexer splits a single operating band into receive and transmit paths.Important performance
requirements include:
-. Insertion loss . this component is also in the receive and transmit paths; In the L601i typical losses:
UMTS Tx = 1.5 dB, UMTS Rx = 2.3 dB.
-. Out-of-band rejection or attenuation . the duplexer provides input selectivity for the receiver, output
filtering for the transmitter, and isolation between the two. Rejection levels for both paths are
specified over a number of frequency ranges. Two Tx-to-Rx isolation levels are critical to receiver
performance:
-. Rx-band isolation . the transmitter is specified for out-of-band noise falling into the Rx band. This
noise leaks from the transmit path into the receive path, and must be limited to avoid degrading
receiver sensitivity. The required Rx-band isolation depends on the PA out of-band noise levels and
Rx-band losses between the PA and LNA. Typical duplexer Rx band isolation value is 42 dB.
-. Tx-band isolation . the transmit channel power also leaks into the receiver. In this case, the leakage
is outside the receiver passband but at a relatively high level. It combines with Rx band jammers to
create cross-modulation products that fall inband to desensitize the receiver. The required Tx-band
isolation depends on the PA channel power and Tx-band losses between the PA and LNA. Typical
duplexer Tx-band isolation value is 50 dB.
-. Passband ripple . the loss of this fairly narrowband device is not flat across its passband. Passband
ripple increases the receive or transmit insertion loss at specific frequencies, creating performance
variations across the band channels, and should be controlled.
-. Return loss . minimize mismatch losses with typical return losses of 10 dB or more (VSWR <2:1).
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