Panasonic DMC-G1K Operating Instructions Manual
Digital camera/lens kit
double zoom lens kit
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Also See for DMC-G1K:
- Operating instructions manual (191 pages) ,
- Instrucciones de funcionamiento (168 pages) ,
- Operating instructions manual (160 pages)
Related Manuals for Panasonic DMC-G1K
Summary of Contents for Panasonic DMC-G1K
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Page 1: Operating Instructions
Operating Instructions Digital Camera/Lens Kit Double Zoom Lens Kit DMC-G1K Model No. DMC-G1W Before use, please read these instructions completely. VQT1U50... -
Page 2: Before Use
Before Use Before Use Dear Customer, We would like to take this opportunity to thank you for purchasing this Panasonic Digital Camera. Please read these Operating Instructions carefully and keep them handy for future reference. Information for Your Safety WARNING: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE, ELECTRIC SHOCK OR PRODUCT DAMAGE, •... - Page 3 Before Use -If you see this symbol- Information on Disposal in other Countries outside the European Union This symbol is only valid in the European Union. If you wish to discard this product, please contact your local authorities or dealer and ask for the correct method of disposal.
- Page 4 Before Use ∫ Care of the camera • Do not strongly shake or bump the camera by dropping it etc. This unit may malfunction, recording pictures may no longer be possible or the lens or the LCD monitor may be damaged. •...
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Page 5: Table Of Contents
Contents • Preventing jitter (camera shake) ... 46 • Programme shift........47 Taking Pictures with the Zoom....48 Before Use • Using the Optical Zoom/ Using the Extra Optical Zoom (EZ)/ Using the Digital Zoom ......48 Information for Your Safety ....... 2 Playing back Pictures ...... - Page 6 • Aperture-priority AE .......84 • O [DPOF PRINT]........113 • Shutter-priority AE .........84 • P [PROTECT]........114 Taking picture by setting the exposure • Q [RESIZE] ........115 manually ..........85 • [TRIMMING]........116 Confirm the effects of aperture and • ? [ASPECT CONV.] ......117 shutter speed (Preview mode)....
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Page 7: Standard Accessories
19 Body Cap (This is attached to the camera body at the time of purchase.) ¢1 Included in DMC-G1K only (lens kit product) ¢2 Included in DMC-G1W only (double zoom lens kit product) SD Memory Card, SDHC Memory Card and MultiMediaCard are indicated as card in the text. - Page 8 Before Use DMC-G1W DMC-G1K H-FS014045 VYC0981 VYF3201 VFC4315 VFC4357 H-FS045200 VYC0986 VYF3201 VFC4315 VFC4358 DMW-BLB13E DE-A49C K2CJ2DA00008 K1HA08CD0021 K1HA08CD0019 VFC4355 VKF4385 VQT1U50...
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Page 9: Names Of The Components
Before Use Names of the Components ∫ Camera body Flash (P58) Sensor Self-timer indicator (P68) AF assist lamp (P107) Lens release button (P15) Lens lock pin Mount Lens fitting mark (P14) Front dial (P27, 42, 47, 50, 51, 63, 84, 85) There are 2 ways to operate the front dial, rotating left or right, and deciding by pressing. - Page 10 Before Use In these operating instructions, the cursor buttons are described as shown in the figure below or described with 3/4/2/1. e.g.: When you press the 4 (down) button Press 4 MENU /SET 21 Focus mode dial (P40, 44, 69, 72) 22 Flash open lever (P58) 23 Drive mode lever Single (P44):...
- Page 11 Before Use 37 Battery door (P22) 38 Release lever (P22) 39 Tripod receptacle When you use a tripod, make sure the tripod • is stable when the camera is attached to it. ∫ Lens H-FS014045 (LUMIX G VARIO 14 – 45 mm/F3.5 – 5.6 ASPH./MEGA O.I.S.) 40 Tele 41 Lens surface 42 Focus ring (P72)
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Page 12: Rotating The Lcd Monitor
Before Use Rotating the LCD monitor At the time when this camera is purchased, the LCD monitor is stowed in the camera body. Bring out the LCD monitor as shown below. 1 Open the LCD monitor. (Maximum 180o) 2 It can be rotated 180o forwards. 3 Return the monitor to its original position. -
Page 13: About The Lens
About the Lens This unit can use the dedicated lenses compatible to the Micro Four Thirds System lens mount specification (Micro Four Thirds mount) such as the lenses included in DMC-G1K and DMC-G1W. Select a lens that matches the scene being recorded and your use of the pictures. -
Page 14: Preparation
Preparation Preparation Attaching/Detaching the Lens Check that the camera is turned off. • Close the flash. • Attaching a lens to the camera body Turn the lens rear cap A and the body cap B in the direction of the arrow to detach them. - Page 15 Preparation ∫ Optical image stabilizer Lenses included in the DMC-G1K and DMC-G1W have a stabiliser function. The optical image stabilizer function is set for activation when the lens is attached to the camera body. Set the [O.I.S.] switch to [ON].
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Page 16: Attaching The Strap
Preparation Attaching the Strap We recommend attaching the strap when using the camera to prevent it from dropping. • Pass the strap through the strap eyelet on the camera body. Pass the end of the strap through the ring in the direction of the arrow and then pass it through the stopper. -
Page 17: Attaching The Lens Hood
Check the part number on the lens hood before attaching it to the lens. • To attach the lens hood (flower shape) that came with the 14 –45 mm/F3.5– 5.6 lens included in the DMC-G1K/DMC-G1W Insert the lens hood into the lens with the short sides at the top... - Page 18 Preparation ∫ Temporarily storing the lens hood Turn the lens hood in the direction of the arrow to detach it. Reverse the lens hood and then attach it in the same way as shown previously. Attach the lens cap. • When temporarily storing the lens hood, check that it is •...
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Page 19: Charging The Battery
To ensure that safe products are used we would recommend that a genuine Panasonic battery pack is used. Use the dedicated charger and battery. -
Page 20: About The Battery (Charging/Number Of Recordable Pictures)
Using a Panasonic SD Memory Card (512 MB). • Using the supplied battery. • Use the 14 – 45 mm/F3.5 – 5.6 lens included in DMC-G1K/DMC-G1W. • Starting recording 30 seconds after the camera is turned on. (When the optical image stabilizer •... - Page 21 Preparation The number of recordable pictures varies depending on the recording interval time. If the recording interval time becomes longer, the number of recordable pictures decreases. [e.g. When recording once every 2 minutes, the number of recordable pictures decreases to about 82.] When using the viewfinder Number of Approx.
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Page 22: Inserting/Removing The Battery
Close the flash. • Slide the release lever in the direction of the arrow (OPEN side) and then open the battery door. Always use genuine Panasonic batteries • (DMW-BLB13E). If you use other batteries, we cannot guarantee the • quality of this product. -
Page 23: Inserting/Removing The Card (Optional)
Check that this unit is turned off. • Close the flash. • We recommend using a Panasonic card. • Slide the card door to open it. Push it fully until it clicks being careful about the direction you insert it. To remove the card, push the card until it clicks, then pull the card out upright. -
Page 24: About The Card
4 GB or more capacity. Please confirm the latest information on the following website. • http://panasonic.co.jp/pavc/global/cs (This Site is English only.) Note Do not turn off the power or remove the battery, card, or the DC cable (DMW-DCC3;... -
Page 25: Setting Date/Time (Clock Set)
Preparation Setting Date/Time (Clock Set) The clock is not set when the camera is shipped. • Turn the camera on. A [MENU/SET] button Press [MENU/SET]. MENU /SET Press 2/1 to select the items (year, month, day, hour, minute, display sequence or time display format), and press 3/4 to set. -
Page 26: Setting The Menu
Preparation Note The clock is displayed when [DISPLAY] is pressed several times during recording. • You can set the year from 2000 to 2099. • If the date is not set in the camera it will not be printed correctly when you use a photo printing •... -
Page 27: Setting Menu Items
Preparation Setting menu items This section describes how to select the [REC] mode menu settings, and the same setting can be used for the [CUSTOM MENU] menu, [SETUP] menu, [MY MENU] menu and [PLAYBACK] mode menu as well. If you set [MENU RESUME] (P109) in the [CUSTOM MENU] menu to [ON], the screen shows •... - Page 28 Preparation Press 3/4 or rotate the front dial to select [I.EXPOSURE]. Select the item at the very bottom, and press 4 or • rotate the front dial right to move to the second screen. Press 1 or the front dial. Depending on the item, its setting may not appear or it •...
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Page 29: Setting The Quick Menu
Preparation Setting the Quick Menu By using the quick menu, some of the menu settings can be easily found. Some of the menu items cannot be set by the modes. • Q.MENU Press [Q.MENU] to display the quick menu. Press 3/4/2/1 or rotate the front dial to select the menu item and the setting. -
Page 30: About The Setup Menu
Preparation Perform these settings if you need to. About the Setup Menu [CLOCK SET], [AUTO REVIEW] and [ECONOMY] are important items. Check their settings before using them. In the Intelligent auto mode, only [CLOCK SET], [WORLD TIME], [BEEP] and [LANGUAGE] •... - Page 31 Preparation When the auto review function is activated or when playing back, white saturated areas appear blinking in black and white. [HIGHLIGHT] [OFF]/[ON] If there are any white saturated areas, we • [ON] [OFF] recommend compensating the exposure towards negative (P63) referring to the histogram (P56) and then taking the picture again.
- Page 32 Preparation The brightness of the pictures displayed on the LCD monitor is increased so some subjects • may appear differently from actuality on the LCD monitor. However, this does not affect the recorded pictures. The LCD monitor automatically returns to normal brightness after 30 seconds when recording •...
- Page 33 Preparation Set the format for the HDMI output when playing back on the HDMI compatible high definition TV connected with this unit using the HDMI mini cable (optional). [AUTO]: The output resolution is automatically set based on the information from the connected TV. [HDMI MODE] [1080i]: The interlace method with 1080 available scan lines is used for...
- Page 34 Preparation Set the screen that is displayed when the mode dial is set to [OFF]: The recording screen in the currently selected advanced scene mode (P88) or scene mode (P92) } [SCENE MENU] appears. [AUTO]: The advanced scene mode or scene mode menu screen appears.
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Page 35: About Lcd Monitor/Viewfinder
Preparation About LCD monitor/Viewfinder LCD Monitor This is convenient as it allows you to take pictures from various angles by adjusting the LCD monitor. (P12) ∫ Taking pictures at a normal angle ∫ Taking pictures at a high angle ∫ Taking pictures at a low angle Open the LCD monitor 180o toward you, Open the LCD monitor 180o toward you, and adjust the angle. -
Page 36: Direction Detection Function
Preparation ∫ Taking pictures with the camera held vertically Open the LCD monitor and rotate it to an angle that makes it easy to see. Do not cover the AF assist lamp (P9) with your fingers or other objects. • Taking pictures at a normal angle Taking pictures at a high angle Taking pictures at a low angle... -
Page 37: Switching The Lcd Monitor/Viewfinder
Preparation Switching the LCD monitor/Viewfinder ∫ About the eye sensor automatic switching Eye sensor is active when the [LVF/LCD AUTO] (P105) in the [CUSTOM MENU] menu is set to [ON], switching automatically to viewfinder display when an eye or object is moved closer to the viewfinder, and to LCD monitor display when it is moved away. -
Page 38: Selecting The [Rec] Mode
Preparation Mode switching Selecting the [REC] Mode When the [REC] mode is selected, the camera can be set to the Intelligent auto mode in which the optimal settings are established in line with the subject to be recorded and the recording conditions, or to the scene mode which enables you to take pictures that match the scene being recorded. - Page 39 Preparation ∫Advanced Aperture-priority AE mode (P84) The shutter speed is automatically determined by the aperture value you set. Shutter-priority AE mode (P84) The aperture value is automatically determined by the shutter speed you set. Manual exposure mode (P85) The exposure is adjusted by the aperture value and the shutter speed which are manually adjusted.
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Page 40: Taking Pictures Using The Automatic Function (Intelligent Auto Mode)
Basic ñ [REC] mode: Basic Taking pictures using the automatic function : Intelligent Auto Mode) ñ The camera will set the most appropriate settings to match the subject and the recording conditions so we recommend this mode for beginners or those who want to leave the settings to the camera and take pictures easily. -
Page 41: Scene Detection
The focus range is different depending on used lens. • When 14 – 45 mm/F3.5 – 5.6 lens included in – DMC-G1K/DMC-G1W is used: 0.3 m to ¶ When 45 – 200 mm/F4.0 –5.6 lens included in – DMC-G1W is used: 1.0 m to ¶... -
Page 42: Af Tracking Function
Basic Note Due to conditions such as the ones below, a different scene may be identified for the same • subject. Subject conditions: When the face is bright or dark, The size of the subject, The distance to – the subject, The contrast of the subject, When the subject is moving Recording conditions: Sunset, Sunrise, Under low brightness conditions, When the camera is –... -
Page 43: Settings In Intelligent Auto Mode
Basic Settings in Intelligent auto mode Only the following functions can be set in this mode. • [REC] mode menu ¢ [QUALITY] [STABILIZER] (P100) [ASPECT RATIO] (P98)/[PICTURE SIZE] (P98)/ (P99)/ – ¢ Only [MODE1] or [MODE2] can be set. [CUSTOM MENU] menu [CUST. -
Page 44: Taking Pictures With Your Favourite Settings (Programme Ae Mode)
If the [SENSITIVITY] is set to [ISO100] and the • aperture value is set to F3.5 (when 14 – 45 mm/ F3.5 – 5.6 lens included in DMC-G1K/DMC-G1W is attached) or F4.0 (when 45 – 200 mm/F4.0 – 5.6 lens included in DMC-G1W is attached), the shutter speed is automatically set between about 8 seconds and 1/4000th of a second. -
Page 45: Fix The Focus By Pressing The Shutter Button Halfway (Afs)
Basic Fix the focus by pressing the shutter button halfway (AFS) Set the focus mode dial to [AFS]. “AFS” is an abbreviation of “Auto Focus Single”. The focus is • fixed when you press the shutter button halfway. Normally use the [AFS]. •... -
Page 46: Focusing
Basic Focusing Align the subject to the screen, and then press the shutter button halfway. When the subject is When the subject Focus focused is not focused Focus indication Blinks AF area Green — Sound Beeps 2 times — A Focus indication B AF area (normal) C AF area (when using the digital zoom or when it is dark) ¢... -
Page 47: Programme Shift
To cancel programme shift, turn the camera off or rotate the front dial until the programme shift • indication disappears. ∫ Example of programme shift When 14 –45 mm/F3.5– 5.6 lens included in DMC-G1K/DMC-G1W is used (A): Aperture value 1 (Ev) -
Page 48: Taking Pictures With The Zoom
[L]. ∫ Types of zooms Feature Optical zoom Extra optical zoom (EZ) Digital zoom When 14 –45 mm/F3.5 – 5.6 lens included in DMC-G1K/DMC-G1W is used 12.8k [including optical zoom 14 mm to 45 mm ¢2 3.2k] (28 mm to ¢1... -
Page 49: Playing Back Pictures
Basic Note The extra optical zoom and digital zoom cannot be set in the Intelligent auto mode. • The digital zoom cannot be set in the advanced scene mode and scene mode. • “EZ” is an abbreviation of “Extra optical Zoom”. •... -
Page 50: Changing The Information Displayed On The Playback Screen
Basic Changing the Information Displayed on the playback screen Press [DISPLAY] to switch the monitor screen. A [DISPLAY] button The [DISPLAY] button is not activated when the menu screen • is displayed. You can only select Normal display or No display in playback zoom (P51) and during a slide show (P110). -
Page 51: Displaying Pictures By Recording Date (Calendar Playback)
Basic Displaying Pictures by Recording Date (Calendar Playback) You can display pictures by recording date. Rotate the front dial left to display the calendar screen. Press 3/4/2/1 to select the date to be played back. 3/4: Select the month 2/1: Select the date If there were no pictures recorded during a month, the month is not displayed. -
Page 52: Deleting Pictures
Basic ∫ Switching the displayed image while maintaining the playback zoom You can switch the displayed image while maintaining the same zoom magnification and zoom position for the playback zoom. Switch to picture select operation by pressing the front dial during playback zoom, and select pictures with 2/1. -
Page 53: To Delete Multiple Pictures (Up To 50) Or All The Pictures
Basic To delete multiple pictures (up to 50) or all the pictures Press [‚]. Press 3/4 to select [DELETE MULTI] or [DELETE ALL] and then press [MENU/SET]. [DELETE ALL] > step • Press 3/4/2/1 to select the picture, and then press [DISPLAY] to set. (Repeat this step.) [‚] appears on the selected pictures. -
Page 54: Advanced (Recording Pictures)
Advanced (Recording pictures) Advanced (Recording pictures) Switching the display of the LCD Monitor/ Viewfinder Switching the displayed information Press [DISPLAY] to change. When the menu screen appears, the [DISPLAY] button is not activated. • LCD monitor display With the [LCD DISP.STYLE] (P105) of the [CUSTOM MENU] menu, you can choose the displayed screen on the LCD monitor to display in [ ] (LCD monitor style) or [ (viewfinder style). - Page 55 Advanced (Recording pictures) Viewfinder display With the [LVF DISP.STYLE] (P105) of the [CUSTOM MENU] menu, you can choose the displayed screen on the viewfinder to display in [ ] (viewfinder style) or [ ] (LCD monitor style). When [ ] is set ¢1 A Normal display B Normal displayidetailed...
- Page 56 Advanced (Recording pictures) ∫ Set the position of the guide line with [ Set the [GUIDE LINE] in the [CUSTOM MENU] menu to [ ]. (P106) • Press [Q.MENU] to display the quick menu. (P29) Press 2/1 to select guide line, and then press [MENU/ SET].
- Page 57 Advanced (Recording pictures) ∫ Set the position of the histogram Set the [HISTOGRAM] in the [CUSTOM MENU] menu to [ON]. (P105) • Press [Q.MENU] to display the quick menu. (P29) Press 2/1 to select histogram, and then press [MENU/ SET]. You can also use the front dial to set.
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Page 58: Taking Pictures Using The Built-In Flash
Advanced (Recording pictures) [REC] mode: Taking Pictures using the Built-in Flash A To open the flash Slide the flash open lever. B To close the flash Press the flash until it clicks. Be sure to close the flash when not in use. •... - Page 59 Advanced (Recording pictures) If you take a picture with a dark background landscape, this feature will slow the shutter speed when the flash is activated so that the dark background landscape will become bright. Simultaneously it reduces the Slow sync./Red-eye red-eye phenomenon.
- Page 60 The distance with subject from which the flash light is interrupted differs according to the lens used. When 14 –45 mm/F3.5 – 5.6 lens included in DMC-G1K/DMC-G1W is attached: 45 cm or –...
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Page 61: Adjust The Flash Output
Advanced (Recording pictures) Note Do not bring the flash too close to objects or close the flash while it is activated. The • objects may be discoloured by its heat or lighting. Do not close the flash soon after the flash is activated prior to taking pictures due to AUTO/ •... -
Page 62: Setting To The 2Nd Curtain Synchro
Advanced (Recording pictures) Setting to the 2nd Curtain Synchro Applicable modes: 2nd curtain synchro activates the flash just before the shutter closes when taking pictures of moving objects such as cars using a slow shutter speed. Select [FLASH SYNCHRO] in the [REC] mode menu. -
Page 63: Compensating The Exposure
Advanced (Recording pictures) [REC] mode: Compensating the Exposure Use this function when you cannot achieve appropriate exposure due to the difference in brightness between the subject and the background. Look at the following examples. Properly Under exposed Overexposed exposed Compensate the exposure Compensate the exposure towards positive. -
Page 64: Taking Pictures Using Burst Mode
Advanced (Recording pictures) [REC] mode: Taking Pictures using Burst Mode Pictures are taken continuously while the shutter button is pressed. Select the ones you really like from among the pictures you have taken. Set the drive mode lever to [ Focus on the subject and take a picture. - Page 65 Advanced (Recording pictures) ∫ Focusing in burst mode The focus changes depending on the setting for [FOCUS PRIORITY] (P107) in the [CUSTOM MENU] menu and the focus mode setting. Focus mode Focus Priority Focus At the first picture ¢2 Normal focusing ¢1 ¢3 Predicted focusing...
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Page 66: Taking Pictures Using Auto Bracket
Advanced (Recording pictures) [REC] mode: Taking Pictures using Auto Bracket Maximum of 7 pictures will be recorded with different exposure settings following the exposure compensation range every time the shutter button is pressed. You can select the picture with the desired exposure among different exposures. With auto bracket [STEP]: [3•1/3], [SEQUENCE]: [0/s/r] 1st picture... - Page 67 Advanced (Recording pictures) Press 3/4 to select the setting and then press [MENU/SET]. Settings Settings Item Item [3•1/3] (3 pictures) [0/`/_] [SEQUENCE] [3•2/3] (3 pictures) [`/0/_] [5•1/3] (5 pictures) [STEP] [5•2/3] (5 pictures) [7•1/3] (7 pictures) [7•2/3] (7 pictures) Press [MENU/SET] twice to close the menu. You can also press the shutter button halfway to close the menu.
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Page 68: Taking Pictures With The Self-Timer
Advanced (Recording pictures) [REC] mode: Taking Pictures with the Self-timer Set the drive mode lever to [ë]. Press the shutter button halfway to focus and then press it fully to take the picture. A When self-timer is set to [ A picture is not taken until the subject is brought into •... -
Page 69: Setting The Method Used To Focus (Af Mode)
Advanced (Recording pictures) [REC] mode: Setting the method used to focus (AF mode) This allows the focusing method that suits the positions and number of the subjects to be selected. Select the mode that matches the recording conditions and the composition. Set the focus mode dial to [AFS] or [AFC]. -
Page 70: Setting Up [ ] (Af Tracking)
Advanced (Recording pictures) ∫ About [š] When the camera detects a person’s face, the following colour AF area is displayed. Yellow: When the shutter button is pressed halfway, the frame turns green when the camera is focused. White: Displayed when more than one face is detected. Other faces that are the same distance away as faces within the yellow AF areas are also focused. -
Page 71: Setting The Af Area
Advanced (Recording pictures) When the subject is moving too fast – When the background has the same or similar colour to the subject. – When jitter is occurring – When zoom is operated – The AF tracking function does not work while using the digital zoom. •... -
Page 72: Taking Pictures With Manual Focus
Advanced (Recording pictures) [REC] mode: Taking Pictures with Manual Focus Use this function when you want to fix the focus or when the distance between the lens and the subject is determined and you do not want to activate auto focus. Set the focus mode dial to [MF]. - Page 73 A Focus distance reference mark B Focus distance reference line C 0.3 m (When 14 – 45 mm/F3.5 – 5.6 lens included in DMC-G1K/DMC-G1W is used) D 1.0 m (When 45 – 200 mm/F4.0 – 5.6 lens included in DMC-G1W is used) If you are taking close-up pictures •...
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Page 74: Fixing The Focus And The Exposure (Af/Ae Lock)
Advanced (Recording pictures) [REC] mode: Fixing the Focus and the Exposure (AF/AE Lock) This is useful when you want to take a picture of a subject outside the AF area or the contrast is too strong and you cannot achieve appropriate exposure. ∫... - Page 75 Advanced (Recording pictures) Note If you set [AF/AE LOCK HOLD] in the [CUSTOM MENU] menu to [ON], you can fix the focus • and the exposure even if you release the [AF/AE LOCK] button after pressing it. (P106) AE Lock only is effective when taking pictures with manual focus. •...
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Page 76: Adjusting The White Balance
Advanced (Recording pictures) [REC] mode: Adjusting the White Balance In sunlight, under incandescent lights or in other such conditions where the colour of white takes on a reddish or bluish tinge, this item adjusts to the colour of white which is closest to what is seen by the eye in accordance with the light source. -
Page 77: Setting The White Balance Manually
Advanced (Recording pictures) Note The optimal white balance will differ depending on the type of halogen lighting being recorded • under so use [AWB], [ ] or [ The white balance might not be adjusted for the subject where the flash does not reach when •... -
Page 78: White Balance Bracket
Advanced (Recording pictures) Select the white balance and then press 4. Press 3/4/2/1 to adjust the white balance and then press [MENU/SET]. A (AMBER: ORANGE) B (BLUE: BLUISH) (GREEN: GREENISH) (MAGENTA: REDDISH) Note If you finely adjust the white balance to A (amber), the white balance icon on the LCD monitor/ •... -
Page 79: Setting The Light Sensitivity
Advanced (Recording pictures) [REC] mode: Setting the Light Sensitivity This allows the sensitivity to light (ISO sensitivity) to be set. Setting to a higher figure enables pictures to be taken even in dark places without the resulting pictures coming out dark. - Page 80 Advanced (Recording pictures) Note The higher the value set for the ISO sensitivity, the more the jitter is reduced but the greater the • amount of picture noise. Refer to P60 for the flash range. • Depending on the brightness and how fast the subject is moving, jitter may not be avoided even •...