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Vernier VSP-FP manual available for free PDF download: Reference Manual
Vernier VSP-FP Reference Manual (40 pages)
Educational Flash Photolysis Spectrometer
Brand:
Vernier
| Category:
Measuring Instruments
| Size: 2 MB
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
2
1 General Information
4
Introduction
4
Specifications
4
Spectrometer Specifications
4
Figure 1: Examples of Vernier Flash Photolysis Spectrometer Data
5
Equipment Specifications
6
Detector Specifications
7
Figure 2: Detector Responsivity Vs. Wavelength
7
2 Safety Information
8
3 Layout and Basic Principles of Operation
10
Figure 3: Schematic of the Vernier Flash Photolysis Spectrometer
10
4 Hardware Description
12
Turning the Spectrometer on and off
12
Optical Filters
12
Software Description
13
Figure 4: Screenshot of Vernier Flash Photolysis Spectrometer Software
13
Graph Controls
14
5 The Basic Principles of Chemical Kinetics
15
Stoichiometry
15
Reaction Rate
15
The Rate Expression and the Rate Constant
16
Order of Reaction
17
The Experimental Approach
18
The Relationships between Rate Constant, Half Life, and Life Time
18
Figure 5: Concentration Time Profiles of Reactant and Product
18
Pseudo Order
20
6 Data Treatment
21
Data Acquisition
21
Figure 6: Example of a Voltage-Time Waveform after Importing into Logger Pro
21
Figure 7: Time and Voltage (Raw Data) and Absorbance (Calculated)
22
Kinetic Analysis
23
Figure 8: Example of a Temporal Profile of the Scattered Excitation Light
23
Figure 9: Absorption (Left) and Emission (Right) Kinetic Profilesincluding the Scattered Excitation Light Picked up by the Detector
24
Figure 10: Decay Portion of the A-Time Profile
24
The Basics of Photochemistry
25
7 Flash Photolysis Experiments
26
Base Catalysis of the Cis-Trans Isomerization of Congo Red
26
Figure 11: Congo Red, MW=696.67
26
Figure 12: Ground State Absorption Spectrum of Congo Red (Trans Conf.) in 20% Water in Ethanol
27
Figure 13: Kinetic Profile of Congo Red in 20% Water in Ethanol
29
Figure 14: Absorption Kinetic Profile of Congo Red in 20% Water in Ethanol with 2 MM OH - Ions
30
Isomerization of Mercury Dithizonate
31
Figure 15: Photoinduced Isomerization of Mercury Dithizonate
31
Figure 16: Ground State Absorption Spectrum of Mercury Dithizonate (Trans Conf.) in Ethanol
32
Figure 17: Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA); MW = 114.03
33
Figure 18: Kinetic Profile of Mercury Dithizonate in Ethanol
33
Determination of the Activation Energy of the Thermal Back Reaction of One Spiropyran in Toluene
34
Figure 19: Structure and Photochromic Reaction of 6-NO 2 -BIPS
34
Figure 20: Ground State Absorption Spectrum of One Spiropyran in Toluene
36
Figure 21: Transient Absorption at 600 Nm of One Spiropyran in Toluene
36
Figure 22: Example Decay and Exponential Fit for 55°C Measurement
37
Figure 23: Actual Data Example of Ln(Τ) as a Function of 1000/T
37
8 Appendix
38
Spectra of Flash Lamp and White Light LED
38
Figure 24: Emission Spectrum of Xenon Flash Lamp
38
Figure 25: Emission Spectrum of White Light LED
39
Spectra of Optical Filters
40
Figure 26: Transmission Spectrum of 600 Nm Bandpass Filter
40
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