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Ultrafast Systems KRONOS Manuals
Manuals and User Guides for Ultrafast Systems KRONOS. We have
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Ultrafast Systems KRONOS manual available for free PDF download: User Manual
Ultrafast Systems KRONOS User Manual (39 pages)
Educational Flash Photolysis Spectrometer
Brand:
Ultrafast Systems
| Category:
Educational Equipment
| Size: 1.28 MB
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
3
Table of Figures
5
Preface
6
General Safety
7
Hazards
7
Electrical Safety
7
Product Specifications
8
Unpacking and Inspection
10
Figure 1: Spectral Response of Detector
10
Hardware
11
Figure 2: 3D Render of Kronos
11
(A) Without Components Inserted
11
(B) Fully Loaded with a Cuvette, Excitation, and Detection Filters
11
(C) Schematic Optical Layout of the Kronos
11
Software
13
Figure 3: Screenshot of the Kronos Software
14
Using Kronos
16
Setting up Kronos
16
Preparing Kronos for Experiments
16
Choosing the Excitation and Detection Wavelengths
16
Figure 4: Spectra of Kronos Light Sources
17
(A) Xenon Flash Lamp for the Pump
17
(B) LED for the Probe
17
Figure 5: Transmission Spectrum of
18
(A) Dark Blue or 350-400 + >700
18
(B) Light Blue or 400-700 Colored Glass Excitation Filters
18
Acquiring Data
19
Figure 6: Transmission Spectrum of 600 Nm Detection Dielectric Interference Filter
19
Figure 7: Various Reference Samples Used for Different Experiments in Kronos. the Inset Shows
20
Familiarizing Yourself with the Reference Samples
21
Base Catalysis of the Cis-Trans Isomerization of Congo Red
21
Figure 9: Ground State Absorption Spectrum of Congo Red (Trans Conf.) in 20% Water/Ethanol
22
Figure 10: Kinetic Profile of Congo Red in 20% Water in Ethanol
23
Determination of the Activation Energy of the Thermal Back Reaction of One Spiropyran in Toluene
24
Figure 11: Calculated and Fitted ΔA Plot
24
Figure 12: Structure and Photochromic Reaction of 6-NO-BIPS
25
Figure 13: Ground State Absorption Spectrum of One Spiropyran in Toluene
25
Figure 14: Transient Absorption of Spiropyran in Toluene at 600 Nm Detection Wavelength
26
Figure 15: Example Decay and Exponential Fit for 55°C Measurement
27
Figure 16: Actual Data Example of Ln(Τ) as a Function of 1000/T
27
Operation of Kronos
28
Start-Up
28
Choose Experiment Mode and Set Parameters
28
Finding the Signal
28
Acquiring Data
28
Shutdown
28
Basic Theory
29
Transient Optical Spectrometry
29
Photochemistry
30
Figure 17: Photophysical and Photochemical Sequence in Light-Matter Interactions
30
Chemical Kinetics
31
Reaction Rate
31
Rate Expression and Rate Constant
31
Order of Reaction
31
Experimental Approach
33
Figure 18: Concentration Time Profiles of Reactant and Product
33
Maintenance and Troubleshooting
34
Maintenance
34
Troubleshooting
35
Appendix
36
Warranty
37
Limitation of Warranty
37
Notice
38
Confidentiality & Proprietary Rights
38
Reservation of Title
38
Preservation of Secrecy and Confidentiality and Restrictions to Access
38
Service Information
38
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