CASIO FX-850P Manuals

Table of Contents

• 5

  Precautions
• 6

  Contents
• 13

  Unit Configuration
• 13

  General Guide
• 14

  Operational Functions
• 16

  Symbol Display
• 17

  Keyboard
• 17

  Keytop Functions
• 17

  Normal Mode
• 18

  Screen
• 18

  Functions Noted Above the Keys
• 18

  Lower Case Mode
• 19

  Physical Lines and Logical Lines
• 19

  Virtual Screen
• 19

  Screen Editor
• 20

  Display Characters
• 20

  Display Contrast
• 20

  Character Code Table
• 21

  Power Supply
• 21

  Battery Replacement
• 22

  Auto Power Off
• 22

  Connector
• 23

  Fundamental Operation
• 23

  Cal Mode
• 23

  Basic Mode
• 24

  Formula Storage Function
• 24

  Program Input
• 24

  Program Execution
• 25

  Data Bank Function (Memo in Mode)
• 26

  Built-In Scientific Library
• 26

  Summary
• 27

  Calculation Function
• 27

  Manual Calculation Preparations
• 27

  Manual Calculation Input and Correction
• 27

  Switch the Power of the Unit On
• 31

  Priority Sequence
• 31

  Number of Digits
• 31

  Specifying the Number of Significant Digits and the Number of Decimal Places
• 32

  Scientific Calculations
• 32

  Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions
• 35

  Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
• 35

  Logarithmic Functions, Exponential Functions
• 37

  Decimal - Sexagesimal Conversions
• 38

  Decimal - Hexadecimal Conversions
• 38

  Fact, Nrp, Ncr
• 39

  Rec - Pol
• 40

  Scientific Function Table
• 41

  Calculations Using Variables
• 42

  Other Calculations
• 42

  Variables
• 42

  Arithmetic Operators
• 43

  Logical Operators
• 43

  Character Operator
• 44

  Relational Operators
• 45

  Sample Application
• 46

  Utilization for Preparing Tables
• 49

  Data Input
• 49

  Scientific Constant Table
• 50

  Data Display
• 51

  Data Editing
• 52

  Adding Records
• 52

  Data Append
• 52

  Data Insert
• 53

  Data Search
• 53

  Data Delete
• 53

  Data All Clear
• 54

  Using Data Bank Data in Programs
• 54

  Conditional Search
• 55

  Restore Command
• 55

  WRITE Command
• 56

  Data Bank Function Applications
• 57

  Basic Programming
• 57

  Features of Basic
• 58

  Basic Program Configuration
• 58

  Basic Program Format
• 58

  Expanding File Management
• 59

  Basic Program Input
• 59

  Preparation
• 61

  Program Editing
• 61

  Changes in a Line before EXE Is Pressed
• 61

  Changes in a Line After EXE Is Pressed
• 63

  Changes Within a Program Already Input
• 64

  Basic Program Execution
• 64

  Changes Within a Program Following the EDIT Command
• 65

  Executions That Produce Errors
• 65

  Simple Programming Errors
• 66

  Commands
• 66

  Irregular Execution That Do Not Produce Errors
• 66

  Program Logic Errors
• 67

  Rem
• 67

  Input
• 67

  Print
• 67

  End
• 68

  Goto
• 68

  For/Next
• 68

  Read/Data/Restore
• 68

  Gosub/Return
• 69

  Operators
• 71

  Order of Operations
• 71

  Numeric Constants
• 72

  String Constants
• 72

  Numeric Variables
• 72

  String Variables
• 73

  Array Variables
• 75

  Numeric Arrays and String Arrays
• 76

  Variable Types
• 76

  Variable Names
• 77

  Counting Bytes Used By Variables
• 77

  Calculating Program Length
• 78

  Program Save
• 78

  Program Verify
• 79

  Program Load
• 80

  Peripheral Devices
• 80

  Cassette Interface Unit FA-6
• 80

  System Configuration
• 81

  Connections
• 81

  Cassette Interface
• 82

  Single Program Save
• 82

  Single Program Load
• 82

  Loading/Saving All Programs
• 82

  Saving and Loading Data Bank Data
• 83

  RS-232C Interface
• 83

  RS-232C Switch
• 83

  Specifications
• 83

  Pin Configuration
• 84

  Centronics Interface (Printer Interface)
• 84

  BASIC Printer Commands
• 84

  PRT ON Mode
• 85

  Plotter-Printer (FP-100)
• 85

  Data Printing
• 86

  Character Printer (FP-40)
• 87

  RAM Expansion Pack (RP-8 (8KB)), (RP-33 (32KB))
• 87

  Expanded Memory Map
• 88

  Handling RAM Packs
• 89

  PB-100 Series Compatibility
• 89

  PB-100 Series Program Input/Editing
• 90

  PB-100 Series Program Execution
• 90

  DEFM Mode
• 91

  Using DEFM Statement Arrays
• 92

  Loading PB-100 Series Programs
• 92

  DEFM Mode Displays
• 92

  CLEAR Command, DIM Command, DEFM Command in DIM Mode and DEFM Mode
• 93

  Reading PB-100 Series Data
• 93

  Command Format
• 95

  File Handling Fundamentals
• 95

  Filing Devices
• 95

  File Descriptors
• 95

  Cassette Tapes
• 96

  Communications Circuit
• 97

  Parameter Default Values
• 99

  Command Reference
• 99

  Format Elements
• 100

  Manual Commands
• 100

  Pass
• 101

  NEW [ALL] Command
• 101

  CLEAR Command
• 102

  Memory Map
• 102

  Expanded Memory Configuration (Unit=Bytes)
• 103

  FRE Command
• 103

  Stack Area
• 104

  LIST [ALL] Command
• 105

  EDIT Command
• 105

  VARLIST Command
• 106

  RUN Command
• 107

  TRON Command
• 107

  TROFF Command
• 108

  Fundamental Commands
• 109

  STOP Command
• 110

  GOTO Command
• 111

  GOSUB Command
• 112

  RETURN Command
• 113

  ON GOTO Command
• 114

  ON GOSUB Command
• 115

  IF - THEN - ELSE/IF - GOTO - else Command
• 116

  FOR - NEXT Command
• 118

  REM( ' ) Command
• 119

  LET Command
• 120

  DATA Command
• 121

  READ Command
• 122

  RESTORE Command
• 123

  PRINT Command
• 125

  TAB Command
• 126

  LOCATE Command
• 127

  CLS Command
• 128

  SET Command
• 129

  BEEP Command
• 130

  INPUT Command
• 131

  INKEYS Command
• 132

  INPUTS Command
• 133

  DIM Command
• 134

  ERASE Command
• 135

  PEEK Command
• 136

  POKE Command
• 137

  DEFSEG Command
• 138

  ON ERROR GOTO Command
• 139

  RESUME Command
• 140

  ERL Command
• 140

  ERR Command
• 141

  Numeric Functions
• 141

  ANGLE Function
• 142

  SIN, COS, TAN Functions
• 143

  ASN, ACS, ATN Functions
• 144

  HYP SIN, HYP COS, HYP TAN Functions
• 145

  HYP ASN, HYP ACS, HYP ATN Functions
• 146

  EXP Function
• 147

  LOG, LN Functions
• 148

  SQR Function
• 149

  ABS Function
• 150

  SGN Function
• 151

  INT Function
• 151

  FIX Function
• 152

  FRAC Function
• 152

  ROUND Function
• 153

  RAN# Function
• 154

  PI Function
• 154

  FACT Function
• 155

  NPR Function
• 155

  NCR Function
• 156

  POL Function
• 157

  REC Function
• 158

  Character Functions
• 158

  CHRS Function
• 159

  ASC Function
• 160

  STRS Function
• 161

  VAL Function
• 162

  VALF Function
• 163

  MIDS Function
• 164

  RIGHTS Function
• 165

  LEFTS Function
• 166

  LEN Function
• 166

  HEXS Function
• 167

  &H Function
• 168

  DEG Function
• 169

  DMSS Function
• 170

  I/O Commands
• 170

  LLIST Command
• 171

  LPRINT Command
• 173

  OPEN Command
• 174

  CLOSE Command
• 175

  PRINT # Command
• 176

  INPUT # Command
• 178

  EOF Command
• 179

  SAVE, SAVE ALL Commands
• 180

  LOAD, LOAD ALL Commands
• 181

  Verify Command
• 182

  Data Bank Commands
• 182

  NEW # Command
• 182

  LIST # Command
• 183

  LLIST # Command
• 183

  SAVE # Command
• 184

  LOAD # Command
• 185

  READ # Command
• 186

  RESTORE # Command
• 187

  WRITE # Command
• 188

  Scientific Library
• 188

  Library Execution
• 188

  Activating the Library
• 189

  Library Termination
• 190

  Library Activation Display
• 190

  Initial Display
• 190

  Menu Display
• 191

  Examples Used in This Manual
• 191

  Precautions When Using the Library
• 192

  Memory Calculations
• 194

  Memory Calculation Flowchart
• 195

  Prime Factor Analysis
• 196

  Greatest Common Measure/Least Common Multiple
• 196

  Simultaneous Equations (Gauss-Jordan Elimination)
• 198

  Simultaneous Equation Flowchart
• 199

  Quadratic Equation
• 199

  Solution Display
• 200

  Cubic Equations
• 201

  Cubic Equation Flowchart
• 202

  Numeric Solution of an Equation
• 204

  Numeric Solution of an Equation (Bisection Method)
• 206

  Matrix Operations
• 206

  Matrix Set Up
• 207

  Matrix Addition/Subtration/Multiplication
• 213

  Scalar Product
• 215

  Matrix Operation Flowchart
• 216

  Numeric Integration (Romberg's Method)
• 217

  Periodic Functions and Symmetric Functions
• 217

  Positive/Negative Integral Values According to Integral
• 217

  Large Fluctuation in Integral Values Due to Minute Fluctuation in Integration Range
• 218

  Ordinary Differential Equation (Runge-Kutta Method)
• 219

  Lagrange's Interpolation
• 220

  Gamma Function
• 221

  Bessel Function Jn(X)
• 222

  Bessel Function Yn(X)
• 223

  Modified Bessel Function In(X)
• 224

  Modified Bessel Function Kn(X)
• 225

  Complex Number
• 226

  Absolute Values/Arguments
• 227

  Square/Square Root/Reciprocal Number
• 229

  Binary-Decimal-Hexadecimal
• 232

  Complement/Shift Operations
• 233

  Base Conversion
• 233

  Help Display
• 234

  Straight Line Passing Through Two Points
• 235

  Angle of Intersection for Two Straight Lines
• 236

  Distance Between Point and Straight Line
• 237

  Rotational Movement
• 238

  Circle Passing Through Three Points
• 239

  Length of Tangent Lines From a Point to a Circle
• 240

  Tangent Line Equation
• 241

  Area of a Triangle
• 242

  Area of a Trapezoid
• 243

  Area of a Parallelogram
• 244

  Area of a Circle
• 245

  Area of a Sector
• 246

  Area of a Segment
• 247

  Area of an Ellipse
• 248

  Area of a Polygon
• 249

  Surface Area of a Sphere
• 250

  Surface Area of a Zone of a Sphere
• 251

  Surface Area of a Spherical Sector
• 252

  Surface Area of a Circular Cylinder
• 253

  Surface Area of a Circular Cone
• 254

  Surface Area of a Frustum of a Circular Cone
• 255

  Volume of a Sphere
• 256

  Volume of the Zone of a Sphere
• 257

  Volume of a Spherical Sector
• 259

  Volume of a Circular Cone
• 260

  Volume of the Frustum of a Circular Cone
• 261

  Volume of a Wedge
• 262

  Volume of a Pyramid
• 263

  Volume of the Frustum of a Pyramid
• 264

  Volume of an Ellipsoid
• 265

  Inscribed Circle and Circumscribed Circles of a Polygon
• 266

  Regular Polyhedron
• 268

  Factorization
• 269

  Trigonometric Functions
• 270

  Differentials
• 271

  Integration
• 272

  Laplace Transformation
• 274

  Periodic Table
• 275

  Atomic Weight
• 279

  Scientific Constants
• 281

  Electrolytic Dissociation Constants
• 282

  Motion and Energy
• 284

  Wave Motion
• 285

  AC & DC Circuits
• 286

  Electric and Magnetic Fields
• 288

  Thermodynamics and Others
• 289

  Metric Conversions for Length
• 291

  Metric Conversions for Area
• 292

  Metric Conversions for Volume
• 294

  Metric Conversions for Weight
• 295

  Upper Probability Integrals (Normal Distribution)
• 296

  Upper Probability Integrals (X2 Distribution)
• 297

  Upper Probability Integrals (T Distribution)
• 298

  Upper Probability Integrals (F Distribution)
• 299

  Upper Cumulative Frequency (Binominal Distribution)
• 300

  Upper Cumulative Frequency (Poisson Distribution)
• 301

  Upper Cumulative Frequency (Hypergeometric Distribution)
• 302

  Percentage Point Normal Distribution
• 303

  Percentage Point (X2 Distribution)
• 304

  Percentage Point (T Distribution)
• 305

  Percentage Point (F Distribution)
• 306

  Normal Random Numbers
• 307

  Exponential Random Numbers
• 308

  Single Variable Statistics
• 310

  Single Variable Statistics Flowchart
• 311

  Linear Regression Analysis (Y = a + Bx)
• 314

  Logarithmic Regression Analysis (Y = a + Binx)
• 317

  Exponential Regression Analysis ( Y = Ab^X)
• 320

  Power Regression Analysis (Y = Ax^b)
• 323

  Regression Analysis Flowchart (6510, 6520, 6530, 6540)
• 324

  Mean Interval Estimation (For Known Variance)
• 326

  Mean Interval Estimation Flowchart (For Known Variance)
• 327

  Mean Interval Estimation (For Unknown Variance)
• 329

  Mean Interval Estimation Flowchart (For Unknown Variance)
• 330

  Variance Interval Estimation
• 333

  Standard Deviation Interval Estimation
• 335

  Standard Deviation Interval Estimation Flowchart
• 336

  Variance Ratio Interval Estimation
• 339

  Variance Ratio Interval Estimation Flowchart
• 340

  Mean Difference Interval Estimation
• 343

  Mean Difference Interval Estimation Flowchart
• 344

  Ratio Interval Estimation
• 345

  Ratio Difference Interval Estimation
• 347

  Population Mean Test (Two-Sided): for Unknown Variance
• 349

  Population Mean Test Flowchart (Two-Sided for Unknown Variance)
• 350

  Population Mean Test (Right Sided): for Unknows Variance
• 352

  Population Mean Test Flowchart (Right Sided for Unknown Variance)
• 353

  Population Mean Test (Left Sided): for Unknown Variance
• 355

  Population Mean Test Flowchart (Left Sided for Unknown Variance)
• 356

  Population Mean Test (Two-Sided): for Uknown Variance
• 358

  Population Mean Test Flowchart (Two-Sided for Uknown Variance)
• 359

  Population Mean Test (Right Sided): for Unknown Variance
• 361

  Population Mean Test Flowchart (Right Sided for Unknows Variance)
• 365

  Population Variance Test (Two-Sided)
• 367

  Population Variance Test Flowchart (Two-Sided)
• 368

  Population Variance Test (Right Sided)
• 370

  Population Variance Test Flowchart (Right Sided)
• 371

  Population Variance Test (Left Sided)
• 373

  Population Variance Test Flowchart (Left Sided)
• 374

  Variance Ratio Test (Two-Sided)
• 377

  Variance Ratio Test Flowchart (Two-Sided)
• 378

  Variance Ratio Test (Right Sided)
• 381

  Variance Ratio Test Flowchart (Right Sided)
• 382

  Variance Ratio Test (Left Sided)
• 385

  Variance Ratio Test Flowchart (Left Sided)
• 386

  Mean Difference Test (Two-Sided)
• 389

  Mean Difference Test Flowchart (Two-Sided)
• 390

  Mean Difference Test (Right Sided)
• 393

  Mean Difference Test Flowchart (Right Sided)
• 394

  Mean Difference Test (Left Sided)
• 397

  Mean Difference Test Flowchart (Left Sided)
• 398

  Ratio Test (Two-Sided)
• 399

  Ratio Test (Right-Sided)
• 400

  Ratio Test (Left-Sided)
• 401

  Radio Difference Test (Two-Sided)
• 403

  Radio Difference Test (Right-Sided)
• 405

  Ratio Difference Test (Left Sided)
• 409

  Error Message Table
• 411

  Command/Function Table
• 412

  Reserved Word List
• 415

  Basic Command Index