Elektronika MK 61 Operating Instructions Manual
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Elektronika MK 61 Operating Instructions Manual

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M I C R O C A L C U L A T O R
" ELEKTRONIKA
MK 61 "
FOR SCIENTIFIC,
ENGINEERING
AND STATISTICS
CALCULATIONS
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

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Summary of Contents for Elektronika MK 61

  • Page 1 M I C R O C A L C U L A T O R “ ELEKTRONIKA MK 61 ” FOR SCIENTIFIC, ENGINEERING AND STATISTICS CALCULATIONS OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Table of Contents Foreword ..........................3 Notice to Owners ......................4 Package Contents ......................5 Safety Instructions ......................6 Micro Calculator Specifications..................7 Keyboard and Switches Description ................... 8 Latin keyboard layout transcription ..................8 Original Cyrillic keyboard layout ....................
  • Page 4 Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Appendix 1 - Test checklist ..................34 Appendix 2 - Command Codes ..................35 Appendix 3 - Program Examples .................. 36 Calculating the area of a circle..................... 36 Using unconditional indirect branching GTO (i) (K, БП) ............37 Using conditional indirect branching x<0 (i) (K, x<0) ............

  • Page 5: Foreword

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Foreword This book is an English translation of the original Russian Elektronika MK-61 Operating Instructions guide, circa 1996. There are other original versions of the Russian Elektronika MK-61 Operating Instructions guide, showing different organization and contents. This version was chosen because it was the most recent version found.

  • Page 6: Notice To Owners

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 1. Notice to Owners 1.1. When you purchase a micro calculator (MK) please check for all of its delivery contents, namely the MK quality control test, the presence of the warranty card in this manual, the two tear-off maintenance vouchers in compliance with the MK serial number and warranty card, the integrity of the seals on the device, and one power supply unit (PSU).

  • Page 7: Package Contents

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 2. Package Contents Micro Calculator "Elektronika MK 61” 2.1. 2.2. Instruction Manual 2.3. Power Supply D2-10M 2.4. Packaging bundle with cardboard inserts, plastic bag, and pouch products. Draft version 1.0 – Oct.2014 Please send corrections to Jose Mesquita (jebem@netcabo.pt)

  • Page 8: Safety Instructions

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 3. Safety Instructions 3.1. The power supply calculator can only be opened and repaired by qualified personnel for such procedures. 3.2. Plugging the power supply to the 220VAC power grid without a calculator connected to the adapter is prohibited 3.3.

  • Page 9: Micro Calculator Specifications

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 4. Micro Calculator Specifications 4.1. Program memory of 105 steps. 4.2. Featured functions: ˟ - Arithmetic (+, ─, ÷ and inverse trigonometric ( sin, cos, tg, sin , cos , tg - Direct - Logarithmic ( lg, ln );...

  • Page 10: Keyboard And Switches Description

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 5. Keyboard and Switches Description Latin keyboard layout transcription Draft version 1.0 – Oct.2014 Please send corrections to Jose Mesquita (jebem@netcabo.pt)

  • Page 11: Original Cyrillic Keyboard Layout

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Original Cyrillic keyboard layout Draft version 1.0 – Oct.2014 Please send corrections to Jose Mesquita (jebem@netcabo.pt)

  • Page 12: Primary Functions On The Key Caps

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Primary functions on the key caps 5.1. The exterior view of the original Russian MK-61 is shown in Fig.1 below. - Numeric keys for data entry into the register X, using digits 0 through 9, plus the decimal point.
  • Page 13 Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions - From left to right: The ENTER (В↑) key is used for data entry into stack register X; The EEX (ВП) key is used to input the exponent of a number; The CHS (/─/) key change the sign of mantissa or exponent;...

  • Page 14: Additional Symbols For Shifted Keys

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Additional symbols for shifted keys 5.2. - The F, CF combination cancels the shift key selection. - The F, LST x (F, Вх) combination retrieve the previous value of X after an operation execution. The F, RUN (F, АВТ) combination selects the “RUN” mode, while F, PRG (А, ПРГ) enters into the "PROGRAM”...
  • Page 15 Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions - From left to right: The combination K, HH.M.S converts from sexagesimal degrees (hours), minutes, seconds and fractions of seconds, into decimal angular (time) values. The combination K, HH.M.S converts from decimal angular (time) values into sexagesimal degrees (hours), minutes, seconds and fractions of seconds.

  • Page 16: Additional Register Indirect Commands

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Additional register indirect commands 5.3. - This key combination K + GTO(i) (K, БП) does an unconditional indirect branch by jumping to an address stored in of one of the registers RG0 to RG9 and RGa to RGe.

  • Page 17: Entering Data And Displaying Results

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 6. Entering Data and Displaying Results 6.1. MK numeric system - Decimal. The information is displayed on the 12 digits luminous discharge type display, sporting a green glow; it has 8-digits for mantissa, 2-digits for exponent, 1-digit for mantissa sign and another digit for exponent sign.

  • Page 18: Modes Of Operation And Features

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 7. Modes of Operation and Features 7.1. The MK works in one of two modes: "RUN" or “PROGRAMMING". “RUN” Mode 7.2. The "Run" mode is set immediately after switching ON the MK, or after clicking F, RUN (F, АВТ)

  • Page 19: The Register Stack

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions The Register Stack 7.8. The MK has got a memory stack with the registers X, Y, Z, T. After switching on the MK, there is no data in these registers. Entering information into the stack always occurs through the register X.
  • Page 20 Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 7.12. The four stack registers and the previous X value in register X1 facilitate complex calculations 7.13. To store the register X contents into one of the additional 15 memory registers, use the key STO (Х→П) and choose the destination register number with one of...

  • Page 21: Bcd System And Boolean Operations

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions BCD system and Boolean Operations 7.15. Numbers in the MK are implemented in a BCD system, so Boolean operations can be used on them. The binary values for each number and respective display character are shown in Table 1.
  • Page 22 Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 7.16. The output from bitwise logical operations execution is signaled by the presence of the digit “8” on the leftmost part of the displayed number. When you enter values in register X and Y for Boolean operations, it is also necessary to type in a digit other than 0 in the most significant digit of the inputted numbers.

  • Page 23: Programming" Mode

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions “Programming” Mode F, PROG (F, ПРГ). 7.18. To go into "PROGRAM" mode, press In this mode, the codes for numbers, operations and commands are written into the MK 105 memory cells, from addresses 00 to 104 7.19.

  • Page 24: Debugging

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 7.22. Addresses branching from 00 to 99 are typed by pressing the corresponding number keys. Addresses branching from 100 to 104 are used only for direct branching commands and are typed using the key and one of the keys from...

  • Page 25: Indirect Addressing Revisited

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Indirect addressing revisited 7.26. When executing commands for indirect unconditional jump GTO (i) followed by the address register), modification occurs in the contents of the address register after the execution of the command, pointing to a new address.

  • Page 26: Calculation Functions Accuracy

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 8. Calculation functions accuracy Table 2 Function Permissible argument values Maximum relative error ≤ |x| ≤ 10 sin x 3*10 ≤ |x| ≤ 10 cos x 3*10 ≤ |x| ≤ 10 tg x 3*10 |x| ≤ 1...

  • Page 27: Technical Data

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 9. Technical data Average computation times time for arithmetic, 1/x, √x, and x 9.1. Computation operations: No more than 0.5 seconds. Average computation time for logarithmic calculations and direct and inverse trigonometric functions: No more than 2 seconds.

  • Page 28: Power Supply

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Power Supply 9.2. The MK power supply takes three battery cells model A-316 "Quantum" or "Prima", and it can use an external power adapter model D2-10M (or similar) to be connected to an 220VAC (50 ±1Hz) power outlet.

  • Page 29: Invalid Operations And Overflow

    Cyrillic text and then it translates to “EGGOG”. Like MK-52, the MK-61 inherits from the Elektronika B3-34 series. All are famous, and one of the reasons is related to this “EGGOG” message, as it allows hacking and exploring the “EGGOG” state to great extent, taking advantage of undocumented “features”.

  • Page 30: Battery Replacement

    Defective electrolytic capacitors are a common cause for erratic or total operation failure. The reason for this procedure is related to the fact that the Power Adapter model “Elektronika D2- 10M" output voltage is not regulated. In open circuit it will present about 8.5VDC, while the calculator nominal working voltage is only 4.5VDC.
  • Page 31 Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Use your thumb to gently press the protruding rib portion of the MK battery compartment cover and carefully slide it up. Put fresh A-316 batteries into battery compartment according to the label on the bottom of the compartment, and then insert the cover into the slots and slide it into place.

  • Page 32: Storage And Handling

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 12. Storage and Handling 12.1. Use the supplied transport packaging to protect the MK from mechanical damage, dust, moisture, and excessive climatic influences. 12.2 The MK should be stored in a dry heated room at a temperature between 5 and 35°C, and a relative humidity of less than 85%.

  • Page 33: Warranty

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 13. Warranty 13.1. The manufacturer guarantees the MK to the technical specifications subject to the operating rules. Warranty period - 24 months from the date of sale. 13.2. In the absence of guarantee vouchers and coupons sales date and shop stamp, the MK warranty period is calculated from the date of manufacture of the MK manufacturer.

  • Page 34: Literature References

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 14. Literature References Astanin L. Yu, Daren Yu. - “Using programmable calculators for scientific and engineering calculations” - Ed.: Energoatomizdat, 1986 - 157 pages (Астанин Л. Ю. ,Дарений Ю.Д. Применение программируемых микрокалькуляторов для научных и инженерных расчетов) Bloch AS, Pavlovsky AI, VV Penkrat –...
  • Page 35 206 с.) Trohimenko Y.K., Lubich F.D. – “Programming the calculators "Elektronika MK 52" and Elektronika MK 61"”- Kiev: Technology. 1987 – 208 pages (Трохименко Я.К., Любич Ф.Д., Программирование микрокалькуляторов "Электроника МК 52" и Электроника МК 61" - Киев: Техника.1987 - 208 с) Chupka A.M.

  • Page 36: Appendix 1 - Test Checklist

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 15. Appendix 1 - Test checklist Slide the Switches (ON) "ВКЛ", Digits Lit on Display (RAD/GRAD/DRG) "Р/ГРД/Г", tap the keys 1. “ВКЛ” (Power ON) 6. “Г” (sin) 7. “ГРД” (cos) GRAD 8. “Р” (tg, STO 1) (π)

  • Page 37: Appendix 2 - Command Codes

    16. Appendix 2 - Command Codes digit code digit code ENTER↑ x↔y F 10 F lg F ln F sin F cos F tg F sin F cos F tg F ∏ F √ F R↓ F 1/x H←H.M H→H.M.S K |x| K sign K INT...

  • Page 38: Appendix 3 - Program Examples

    17. Appendix 3 - Program Examples Calculating the area of a circle This program assumes that a given value of d is stored in Reg. RG2. Address Keys Codes Comments Load stack register X with the d value from RG2 Calculation of d Copy d into stack register Y...

  • Page 39: Using Unconditional Indirect Branching Gto (I) (K, Бп)

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Using unconditional indirect branching GTO (i) (K, БП) Evaluate the expression: Address Keys Codes Store the numbers 5, 7 and 12 in the registers RG3, RG4, e RGa, respectively. Enter the program; then go back to “RUN” mode and reset the program counter with RTN/0 (B/0).

  • Page 40: Using Conditional Indirect Branching X<0 (I) (K, X<0)

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions The above arithmetic expression should give a result of 18. Using conditional indirect branching x<0 (i) (K, x<0) Evaluate the expression: This program assumes that the x value is stored in RG1. Depending on the expression result, if y<0 then add the value of...
  • Page 41 Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Address 04 - 14: Evaluation of the expression Address 15: Evaluate the result to check for conditional branching. Address 16 - 17: Calculation of Address 20 - 21: Calculation of If y> 0, then after the command at 15 the program jumps to address at 20, one address higher than specified in the pointer register RGb.

  • Page 42: Looping Calculations Using Commands Such As Dsnz0 (F, L0)

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Looping calculations using commands such as DSNZ0 (F, L0) ∑ Evaluate the expression: Program flowchart: Store X i into RG0 (Address 01) Load Reg. X from RG0 (Address 02) Calculation for X i = 1, ..., 4 (Address 03, ..., 09)
  • Page 43 Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Program: Address Keys Codes Г Because the program does not initialize the Summation register, we need to do it manually (Store 0 into RG5), or else we get erroneous results when running this program more than once.

  • Page 44: Looping Calculations Using Indirect Load Rcl (I) (K, П→Х)

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Looping calculations using indirect load RCL (i) (K, П→Х) ∑ Evaluate the expression: Address Keys Codes Store X i into RG0 Г Indirect load X from a Register pointed to by RG3. The only purpose is to decrement the RG3.

  • Page 45: Appendix 4 - Warranty Card

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 18. Appendix 4 - Warranty Card WARRANTY CARD Micro Calculator “Elektronika MK-61” Serial Number. ____________ Date of Manufacture ________________ Quality Department stamp _____________________________________ Address for claims: 283830, г.Збараж, Тэрнопольской обл.,з-д "Квантор" ул.Галипкого,56 To be filled by the trade company...
  • Page 46 Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Draft version 1.0 – Oct.2014 Please send corrections to Jose Mesquita (jebem@netcabo.pt)

  • Page 47: Appendix 5 - Tear-Off Vouchers

    Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions 19. Appendix 5 - Tear-off Vouchers Expires by using it (front side) TEAR-OFF VOUCHER For warranty repairs during the warranty period Micro Calculator “Elektronika MK-61” Serial Number. ____________ Date of Manufacture ________________ Quality Department stamp _____________________________________ Address for claims: 283830, г.Збараж, Тэрнопольской...
  • Page 48 Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions (Back side) To be filled the repair shop Warranty Product number _______________________________________ Repair report. Name and reference number of the replaced part or assembly in the schematic diagram. Location and nature of defects: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________...
  • Page 49 Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Expires by using it (front side) TEAR-OFF VOUCHER For warranty repairs during the warranty period Micro Calculator “Elektronika MK-61” Serial Number. ____________ Date of Manufacture ________________ Quality Department stamp _____________________________________ Address for claims: 283830, г.Збараж, Тэрнопольской обл.,з-д "Квантор"...
  • Page 50 Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions (Back side) To be filled the repair shop Warranty Product number _______________________________________ Repair report. Name and reference number of the replaced part or assembly in the schematic diagram. Location and nature of defects: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________...
  • Page 51 Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions Draft version 1.0 – Oct.2014 Please send corrections to Jose Mesquita (jebem@netcabo.pt)

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