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Summary of Contents for MK Panorama Systeme PanoMachine MultiRowPlan
- Page 1 PanoMachine Panorama Calculator 6.8.1 (25.September.2009) MultiRow Plan Spherical Operators Manual Developer of Program and Documentation Copyright by: Josef Ehrler, CH-6032 Emmen, Schweiz j.ehrler@hispeed.ch...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ........................4 1.1 G ..........................4 ENERAL 1.2 M ......................5 ULTI ANORAMA 1.3 S ......................6 PHERICAL ANORAMA 1.4 C ....................6 ALIBRATING THE IVOT OINT 1.5 D ......................7 EAD ANGLE IN ADIR 2 MMI (MACHINE MAN INTERFACE) .................. - Page 3 PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.3.2.1 Calculations vertical parameters (rows) ................18 2.3.2.2 “Calculation in fixed step sizes“ ..................19 2.3.2.3 “Optimize Zenith/Nadir“ ....................19 2.3.2.4 “Take into account dead angle“ ..................19 2.3.2.5 Determine the dead angle ....................20 2.3.3 O ......................
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Page 4: Introduction
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 1 Introduction 1.1 General The information in this operator’s manual is related to the following two types of pano- rama calculators: “MultiRow” and “Sperical Panorama”. The only limitations are the format of a single picture and it should be a rectangle (no fisheye lenses) and for spherical panoramas the single photographs should be taken in portrait format. -
Page 5: Multirow Panorama
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 1.2 MultiRow Panorama The MultiRow technique nearly eliminates the sensor resolution limitations of a digital camera. Taking photographs represented in a number of columns and rows is the base for a stitch program to assemble the single images into a giant seam- less panorama. -
Page 6: Spherical-Panorama
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual When a MultiRow Panorama is photographed with the camera in portrait orienta- tion, the overlap between rows is referenced to the long side of the image format, between columns to the short side. The relevant parameters for a MultiRow Panorama which should be known or cal- culated before taking the first image are: Chosen horizontal and vertical Angle of View (AoV) for the whole panorama in degrees [°]. -
Page 7: Dead Angle In Nadir
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual A well adjusted system to its Pivot Point will ensure that the stitch software can fit all the images into a final panorama without any problems. How to adjust the Pivot Point for a specific camera/lens combination is explained in countless very good descriptions in the “World Wide Web”. -
Page 8: Mmi (Machine Man Interface)
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2 MMI (Machine Man Interface) 2.1 Main Menu Main menu of the Panorama Calculator Functions of the main menu bar: File: Exit (terminating the program) (ctrl x) Program: Open the MultiRow Panorama Calculator (ctrl m) Open the Spherical Panorama Calculator (ctrl s) Open the Bracketing Calculator... -
Page 9: Multirow Calculator
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.2 MultiRow Calculator The MultiRow panorama calculator is designed to take images in camera format Por- trait and Landscape . The calculator has an input- “Parameter Inputs” 21/22/2(,24 an output field “Parameter Outputs” Changes in the input masks “Parameter Inputs” can be done by pressing the arrows adapted to the masks by increasing and decreasing the values. -
Page 10: Parameter Inputs
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.2.1 Parameter Inputs 2.2.1.1 Camera Model On the top of the input field the actual camera model is displayed. While pressing the “Select” button the camera database opens to display up to 100 camera models with their parameters. -
Page 11: Pano Angle Of View (V)
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.2.1.7 Pano Angle of View (V) The desired or necessary vertical angle of view of the panorama “Pano Angle of View (V)” should be set by using the arrows or by marking the value and using the keyboard arrow keys. -
Page 12: Parameter Outputs
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.2.2 Parameter Outputs 2.2.2.1 Pano Angle of View Pano (H) [°] This field displays the calculated horizontal Angle of View of the whole panorama in [°] . This calculated angle is at least the value as defined. 2.2.2.2 Pano Angle of View Pano (V) [°] This field displays the calculated vertical Angle of View of the whole panorama in [°]... -
Page 13: Navigation / Function Keys
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.2.3 Navigation / Function Keys 2.2.3.1 “Calculate” buttons After each change of a parameter in the “Parameter Inputs” field , a calculate button has to be pressed to calculate the output parameters for the new configuration. „Auto Portrait“... -
Page 14: Summary
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.2.4 Summary: In consideration of the camera used and the focal length of the lens and the chosen in the “Parameter Inputs” field, the calculator determines all output parame- ters 26/27/28 The calculated "Angle of View Pano" (H/V) and the calculated overlap (H) always at least as the values defined in the “Parameter Inputs”... -
Page 15: Spherical Panorama Calculator
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.3 Spherical Panorama Calculator The Spherical panorama calculator is designed to take pictures in camera format “por- trait” only. The user interface is divided in to three fields. The “Parameter Inputs” field , the “Outputs Horizontal” field and the “Outputs Vertical”... -
Page 16: Inputs
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.3.1 Inputs 2.3.1.1 Camera Model The “Camera Model” field displays the active camera model with its hidden parame- ters from the internal database. While pressing the “Select” button , the camera model parameter database window will come up to select a new camera model, add a new camera, delete a camera or change the parameters of a camera model. -
Page 17: Optimizer For No. Of Columns In Rows
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.3.1.5 Optimizer for no. of Columns in Rows When the tick is set, the number of columns in a row are reduced the more a row is located closer to Zenith/Nadir. More about that later. 2.3.1.6 Mode to calculate vertical parameters (rows) Three modes... -
Page 18: Considerations Of Vertical Overlap For A Spherical Panorama
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.3.2 Considerations of vertical overlap for a spherical panorama 2.3.2.1 Calculations vertical parameters (rows) As mentioned in chapter 1.5 the lowest row to Nadir will probably cover parts of the dead angle of the panorama head. In this case the photographer is wasting precious information which is missing as overlap between rows and the row to Zenith. -
Page 19: Calculation In Fixed Step Sizes
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual The above mentioned circumstances inducted me to find a way to overcome this prob- lem. The next three sub-chapters will describe the available modes to calculate a spherical panorama. 2.3.2.2 “Calculation in fixed step sizes“ This mode calculates the elevation values by adding vertical fix step sizes start-... -
Page 20: Determine The Dead Angle
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.3.2.5 Determine the dead angle The dead angle of a panorama head depends on construction of the panorama head. To determine the dead angle of a specific panorama head is quite easy. Procedure: Establish the tripod, camera with lens and Pivot Point adjusted Swing the elevator upward to bring the camera view to Nadir -90°... -
Page 21: Outputs Horizontal
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.3.3 Outputs horizontal Number of Columns calculated with optimizer Number of Columns calculated without optimizer The default mode to calculate the horizontal parameters is when the "Optimizer for no. of Columns in Rows" in the input field is activated. Then the no. of columns for the row on the horizontal plain is calculated to get a horizontal overlap as at least as defined in the input field 7. -
Page 22: Overlap Horizontal [%]
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.3.3.2 Overlap horizontal [%] The "No. of images in each single row", "Overlap [%]" shows the calculated horizon- tal overlap in [%]. As seen before the number of images in each single row between Nadir and Zenith are rounded values. That's the reason, sometimes the horizontal overlaps are slightly smaller as defined in the input field. -
Page 23: Outputs Vertical
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.3.4 Outputs Vertical 2.3.4.1 Parameter List In the left hand column of the list the following names are labelled alternately: 1. all elevation names: Zenith, 1.-, 2.-, 3.- 4.-, 5. row, Nadir and between 2. all corresponding overlaps In the top row the names of the calculated values are labelled as follows: - Elev. -
Page 24: Navigation / Function Buttons
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.3.5 Navigation / Function buttons 2.3.5.1 „Calculation“ Button With only two input parameters, the focal length and the desired overlap in [%] the “Calculation” button calculates all the necessary output parameters. 2.3.5.2 „Create and Save Script“ Button The “Create and Save Script”... -
Page 25: Parameter Database Of Camera Models
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 2.4 Parameter Database of Camera Models The "Camera Parameters" Database provides up to 100 records to save the camera parameters. The camera model to calculate the panorama parameters is selectable in the database. The parameters as sensor size in [mm] and the number of pixels in the horizontal and vertical axis are normally documented in the manufacturers operator manual of the camera or can be found in the web. -
Page 26: Bracketing Calculator
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 3 Bracketing Calculator In panorama photography each picture is associated to a fixed exposure value. The reason for this is to assure a constant depth of field for all pictures. Normally for each camera position one picture will be taken. The photographer has to decide correct shutter and exposure values to consider highlights and shadows. - Page 27 PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual To achieve a correct exposure for the dark areas we have two possibilities either we decrement the number of images or the EV-step size. Second calculation For the second shutter speeds calculation we use the following input parameters: dia- phragm = 8, shutter speed = 1/500”, number of images = 5 and EV-step size = 1 1/3.
- Page 28 PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual Shutter speeds in 1/3 EV steps: 30” / 25“ /20” / 15” / 13“ /10” / 8” / 6” / 5“ / 4” / 3.2“ / 2.5” / 2” / 1.6” / 1.3” / 1“ / 0.8“...
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Page 29: Calculation Examples
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 4 Calculation Examples 4.1 Example MultiRow Panorama In our example a landscape panorama should be photographed with a Canon 10D SLR camera. The active camera parameters in database on line no. 1, as sensor size and so on are correctly set. - Page 30 PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual Step size horizontal 11.25° Step size vertical 17.90° Horizontal AoV of a single image 17.17° Vertical AoV of a single image 25.57° Number of Pixels for the whole Panorama (H) 11439 Pixel Number of Pixels for the whole Panorama (V) 7372 Pixel Number of Pixels for the whole Panorama 84.3 MegaPixel...
- Page 31 PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual When higher panorama resolution is required, then the focal length should be in- creased. Let's try a focal length of 100mm on Canon 10D and calculate the pano- rama parameters with "Auto Portrait". The calculated parameters are shown below. Copyright by Josef Ehrler...
- Page 32 PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual Note: As you see the panorama calculator calculates the parameter with a two digital frac- tion after the decimal point. Actually this is unusual for a mechanical and non- motorized panorama head. But it is good to know the exact values to be able to round the value.
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Page 33: Spherical-Panorama
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 4.2 Spherical-Panorama The spherical panorama should be photographed with a Canon 10D SRL camera. In the database the active camera parameters on line no. 1, such as sensor size and so on are correctly set. The focal length used for this example is a 24mm lens. - Page 34 PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual Step by Step procedure: • In the menu bar choose "Program" => "Spherical Panorama Calculator" • Check the the camera model is correctly set (Canon 10D) • Type in the following input parameters: o "Focal Length" 24 o "Min.
- Page 35 PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual • To extend the overlaps between the rows to Nadir/Zenith we use the calcula- tion mode for vertical parameters "Optimize Zenith/Nadir" • In addition we increase the "Min. Overlap Columns (H)" from 25 to 27%. These should increase the horizontal overlaps.
- Page 36 PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual The calculation shows the following result: Interpreting the result: With the only exception of the overlap with just 24.23% between the row to the Nadir image P/L, all other parameters are OK. Considerations for a last calculation: When a 24mm lens is not available - but a 20mm lens is your own, a first as- sumption let hope the overlaps will be increased.
- Page 37 PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual The calculation shows the following result: For a first Spherical Panorama calculation, the following procedure makes sense: • First decide what the panorama resolution should be. Remember, long focal length are used for high resolution panoramas and increases the amount of images necessary for the whole panorama.
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Page 38: Closing Words
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 5 Closing words As a photographer and for a couple of years especially active in panorama photogra- phy, it was constantly bothering me to calculate the correct panorama parameters for specific equipment configuration. So I decided to develop a panorama calculator to make life a bit easier and to allow me to spend time on things I really enjoy more. -
Page 39: Warranty
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 6 Warranty Even though the software was developed very carefully and the functionality was steady checked during development phase, hidden bugs in the program are still possible. The developer of the software will, if necessary, eliminate software bugs or im- prove the software. -
Page 40: Mutirow: Rows, Columns, Overlaps, Angle Of View (Aov)
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 7 MutiRow: Rows, Columns, Overlaps, Angle of View (AoV) Horizontal Angle of View (AoV) horizontal overlap vertical overlap Vertical Angle of View (AoV) s = short side of he picture format (columns) l = long side of the picture format (rows) Fig. -
Page 41: Cad Checked Calculation
PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual 8 CAD checked calculation Fig. 2 CAD checked calculation Copyright by Josef Ehrler...
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