1. Manuals
  2. Brands
  3. RANA Systems Manuals
  4. Computer Hardware
  5. RanaSystems 13-0010--001
  6. User manual

RANA Systems RanaSystems 13-0010--001 User Manual

Apple computer disk drive user manual
Hide thumbs
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

RanaSystems
EliteSeries
User Manual

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading
Need help?

Need help?

Do you have a question about the RanaSystems 13-0010--001 and is the answer not in the manual?

Questions and answers

Summary of Contents for RANA Systems RanaSystems 13-0010--001

  • Page 1 RanaSystems EliteSeries User Manual...
  • Page 2 Kieth S. Burgoyne, Editor Elite One, Elite Two, Elite Three, Elite Controller, and Elite Enhancements are all trademarks of Rana Systems. Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer Inc. CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research. Rana Systems Part Number 13-0010—001...

  • Page 3: Hardware Warranty

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL HARDWARE WARRANTY Rana Systems warrants to the original user of Elite Series associated software, that the product shall he free defects manufacture .of the product or its components for a period .of ninety (90) days from the date of sale.

  • Page 4: Additional Warranty Information

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL PREFACE ADDITIONAL WARRANTY INFORMATION Rana Systems makes no warranties, either express or implied, with respect to this manual or with respect to the software described in this manual, its quality, performance, merchant- ability, or fitness for any particular purpose. Rana Systems software is supplied “as is”.

  • Page 5: Service Information

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SERVICE INFORMATION If your Elite Series product requires repair, please return it to the dealer from whom it was purchased. If it is not possible to return the product to your dealer, you may contact Rana Systems directly for factory or regional service information.
  • Page 6 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL PREFACE warranty period expires, it will be repaired for a flat fee. Inquiries regarding repair charges on products being returned to Rana Systems or one of our service centers for service should be made directly to Rana Systems. Neither Rana Systems nor our service, centers assume responsibility for any loss or damage incurred during transit to or from the factory...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    2. OPERATING ... 1 2.1. Elite Drives Write—Protect Switch... 1 2.2. Recommended Diskettes... 2 3. ENHANCING APPLE‘S APPLLE II DOS 3.3... 1 4. ENHANCING MICROSOFT APPLE ][ CP/M 2.2... 1 4.1. Using Multiple Drives... 5 4.2. Using a Single Drive... 39 5.
  • Page 8 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 7.1.3. Drive Mechanism... 7.1.4. Head Positioning Mechanisms... 7.1.5. Read/Write Head... 7.2. Elite Controller... 7.2.1. Introduction... 7.2.2. Booting... 7.2.3. Hardware... 7.2.4. EPROM Logic... 7.2.5. State Machine... 11 7.2.6. Addressahle Latch... 12 7.2.7. Alternate Pair Select Logic ... 12 7.2.8.Data Buffer/Internal Data Ru ...
  • Page 9 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 10.5. SGLDRIVE Utility... 34 10.6. ENHANCE Utility... 38 11. SECTION ll ... DISKETTE DATA RECORDING ... 3 A.1. Introduction... 3 A.2. Tracks and Sectors... 3 A.3. Track Formatting... 9 A.4. Fields... 17 A.5. Gaps... 19 A.5.1. Gap 1... 20 A.5.2.

  • Page 10: List Of Figures

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 1—1: Elite Controller Cable Connections... 1—2: Disk-II Controller Cable Connections.. 6-1: Elite One Characteristics... 6-2: Elite One Characteristics (cont.)... 6-3: Elite Two Characteristics... 6-4: Elite Two Characteristics (cont.)... 6-5: Elite Three Characteristics... 6-6: Elite Three Characteristics (cont.)... 6-7: Elite Controller Characteristics...
  • Page 11 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CONTENTS A-16: 5-plus-3 Conversion Table... 35 A-17: Data encoding... 37 A-18: Data Decoding... 38 A-19: 6—plus—2 Encoding... 39 A-20: 6—plus—2 Conversion Table... 40 A-21: Standard System Interleaves... 43...
  • Page 12 Congratulations! Now that you have bought one of the totally new elite Series products, you have done more for your Apple than Apple could do. If you are an Elite Controller card user, you’ll find it is designed specifically to solve one of...
  • Page 13 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL INTRODUCTION Products less expensive comparisions which count: price per kilobyte of drive storage and expandability per controller card purchased. proud off the Elite Series, and we know you will be too. Ta achieve the best results and the most enjoy- ment from your new Elite Product, we suggest you read this manual carefully.

  • Page 14: Installation

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL INSTALLATION 1.1. Unpacking During unpacking, care should be taken to ensure that all tools are nonmaqnetic and do not in- flict damage to the unit. Carefully unwrap the package save useful in the future for protection during stor- age or travel.

  • Page 15: Installing Your Controller Card

    (except zero) back follows: 1. With the power switch OFF, remove the top cover from the Apple II computer by lifting from the rear edge. 2. Choose a slot which would be correct for your application.
  • Page 16 Your Elite product is now installed and the Apple II can be turned on. Your disk drive(s) can be placed in a convenient location, usually along side or on top of the computer. See figures 1. and 1.2 for correct cable connec- tions to the Elite and Disk If controller cards.
  • Page 17 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL controller card Fig. 1-1: Elite Cont roller Cable Connections Page 1-4 INSTALLATION drive 1 connector drive 2 connector drive 3 connector drive 4 connector...
  • Page 18 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL INSTALLATION ribbon cable drive 1 connector to disk drive drive 2 connector controller card Fig. 1-2: Disk Il Cont roller Cable Connections Page 1—5...
  • Page 19 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL INSTALLATION T h i s p a g e i n t e n t i o n a l 1 y l e f t b l a n k . Page 1-6...

  • Page 20: Operation

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL OPERATING If the only Elite product you currently have is the Elite Controller, then this section probably won’t be off must interest to you. Since the Elite Controller has no switches (13/16 sector booting is automatic) and we haven’t, supplied you with a slot in the card in which you could insert a diskette, there is nothing’...

  • Page 21: Recommended Diskettes

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL OPERATION protected regardless of the PROTECT switch. Located next to the PROTECT switch is a small LED which, when on, indicates that the diskette is currently write-protected. This LED reflects write-protecting due to the switch or a tab on the diskette.
  • Page 22 Don’t worry, the tables are correct. Apple uses a kind of “no sector” format in which the index hole(s) punched in the diskette (which is the difference between soft and hard sectored diskettes) is completely ignored.
  • Page 23 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Recommended Diskettes for the Elite One Soft Sec. Dbl. Dens. Sgl. Sided Dysan Part Nbr. 104/1D Ord. Nbr. 801787 Maxell Part Nbr. MD1-M Maxell does not use independent order numbers. Verbatim Part Nbr. MD525-0l Ord. Nbr. Page 2-4 Hard Sec.
  • Page 24 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL R e c o m m e n d e d D i s k e t t e s for the E l i t e T w o Soft Sec. Dbl. Dens. Sgl. Sided Dysan Part Nbr.
  • Page 25 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL D i s k e t t e s f o r t h e E l i t e T h r e e Soft Sec. Dbl. Dens. Sgl. Sided Dysan Part Nbr. 204/1D Ord. Nbr. 802067 Maxell Part Nbr.

  • Page 26: Enhancing Apple's Applle Ii Dos 3.3

    (by an “INIT’ command, for instance) onto a slave DOS diskette. Those DOS 3.3 diskettes supplied directly from Apple tion, any diskette which is a copy of an Apple DOS 3.3 distribution diskette, made using the Apple COPY system master diskette.
  • Page 27 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL made a backup copy of it, the backup copy can also be used. Rana contain a copy of DOS and will not boot DOS into computer. diskette are initialized ina DOS format, allow- ing those DOS programs on the Enhancer diskette to be run once the system is booted from a DOS master.
  • Page 28 If your drive is not connected in this manner, and you are not an old hand at using Apple DOS, then you should prob- ably rearrange your system into this configura- tion for the duration of the enhancing proced- ure.
  • Page 29 Drive one off of slot six will be referred to as your system, or hoot drive. Remove all diskettes from your drives, and then turn on your system. If your Apple is equipped with autostart system drive (slot six, drive one) should rattle a little and then sit there quietly spinning.
  • Page 30 DOS will list all the files on your DOS diskette. Look through “MASTER CREATE”. If CATALOG stops before anoth- er BASIC prompt appears, that means there are more files than will fit on the screen, press: Apple (the screen), diskette; master Once these...
  • Page 31 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL to see more of the list. If MASTER CREATE is not on the diskette, you are not using an ori- ginal Apple DOS 3.3 distribution diskette (or an exact copy af one). You will need to start over again...
  • Page 32 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS any other diskettes from any other drives. With the new diskette in the system drive, type: INIT HELLO<RETURN> and DOS will INITialize the diskette. The drive will rattle and spin for less than a minute, and then the BASIC prompt should reappear.

  • Page 33: All Rights Reserved

    Once DOS has loaded MASTER CREATE off the disk- ette, MASTER CREATE will display: DOS 3.3 MASTER-CREATE UTILITY COPYRIGHT 1980 BY APPLE COMPUTER INC. (NOW LOADING DOS IMAGE) After MASTER CREATE has loaded a copy of the master DOS into memory from the diskette, it will ask for the “hello”...
  • Page 34 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL MASTER CREATE will come back with: REMEMBER THAT MASTER DOES NOT CREATE THE GREETING PROGRAM, OR PLACE IT IN THE DISK DIRECTORY THIS IS THE FILE NAME THAT WILL BE PLACED WITHIN THE IMAGE: HELLO PLACE THE DISKETTE TO BE MASTERED IN THE DISK DRIVE.
  • Page 35 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL When it is finished, it will respond with: THE DISKETTE HAS BEEN UPDATED, YOU MAY REMOVE IT AT THIS TIME. IF YOU WISH TO “MASTER” ANOTHER DISK- ETTE, PRESS (RETURN 1. OTHERWISE PRESS [ESC] TO EXIT “MASTER” If your system drive is an Elite Three, put the other INITialized diskette in the drive and type (Elite Three only):...
  • Page 36 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL No need to remove the diskette. Since no more is required of MASTER CREATE, just type (for all drives): <ESC> and you will get: INSERT A SYSTEM DISKETTE AND PRESS [RETURN] TO REBOoT DOS So, of course, type: <RETURN>...
  • Page 37 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once loaded, ENHANCE will respond with: ENHANCE RANA SYSTEMS’ ENHANCER FOR APPLE’S APPLE ][ DOS VERSION 3.3 COPYRIGHT (C) (P) 1982 RANA SYSTEMS ENHANCER ENHANCEMENTS VERSION 2.0 INSERT DOS 3.3 SYSTEM MASTER DISK INTO SLOT #6, DRIVE #1. PRESS <RETURN> WHEN READY TO READ DOS IMAGE INTO MEMORY.
  • Page 38 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS Since you will be enhancing the newly created DOS master, which is already in the drive, just type: <RETURN> and ENHANCE will replace the “stupid” DOS on the diskette with the enhanced smart” DOS. After the replacement has been made, ENHANCE will display: ENHANCEMENTS COMPLETE.

  • Page 39: File Not Found

    Place leave) drive, then type (all drives): PR#6<RETURN> To reboot your Apple using the enhanced DOS. Once again, the drive will rattle and spin for a moment; and then you will get: FILE NOT FOUND This message occurred because you deleted the...
  • Page 40 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL tions didn’t have hello program you may have had on the diskette. You are now running under an enhanced DOS 3.3 system master. extra drives on an Elite Controller (if you are using one). However, it is still treating all your drives as Disk II’s (the minimum case).
  • Page 41 PROFILE will “configured master” taining each of the 28 different positions at which drives can be placed on the Apple (seven slots with Elite Controllers). The table will contain all DISK2S” entries. Each entry is made up of two different parts. The first five characters are...
  • Page 42 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The last letter is the speed at which the drive is seeking from track to track: S = Slow (Disk if standard) M = Medium (Elite One standard) F = Fast (Elite Two and Three standard) Below table, displayed:...
  • Page 43 <RETURN> (don’t!), PROFILE will not change the setting. But, you want to change the set- ting (unless you’re actually using an Apple Disk II drive!!), so type the number for the menu item which matches your system drive (without <RETURN>).
  • Page 44 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL or, if you’re stuck with a Disk II, type: PROFILE will then ask for the seek speed of the drive: ENTER SEEK SPEED (0-2) : 0) SLOW (DISK-II AND ELITE SERIES) 1) MEDIUM (ELITE SERIES ONLY) 2) FAST (ELITE TWO AND THREE) The “?”...
  • Page 45 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL PROFILE has only made your change to the copy of holding changes have been made to any diskette copy or the copy which is running in memory. In order to make written to a diskette. To do this, type (with- out <RETURN>): and PROFILE will respond with: ENTER SLOT NUMBER (1-7)
  • Page 46 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL To update the diskette, type: <RETURN> and PROFILE will over-write the old enhanced DOS with the new one. When it’s finished, it will return to the menu: ENTER SELECTION (0-3) 1) LOAD NEW DOS IMAGE FROM DISK 2) CHANGE CURRENT DOS IMAGE SETTING 3) SAVE CURRENT DOS IMAGE TO DISK 0) TERMINATE PROFILE...
  • Page 47 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The reason why this newly configured DOS prob- ably won’t boot correctly is because you’ve told the DOS image on the diskette that your system drive is some special type of drive (assuming you’re not using a Disk II). But the diskette upon which this DOS is written is not formatted for use by the special drive operating at its full...
  • Page 48 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Type: <RETURN> and FORMAT will read in the DOS image from that diskette. After the image is in memory, FORMAT will ask: SLOT NUMBER (1-7)? 6 FORMAT asking drive PROFILE, FORMAT with the default response. Since the default is correct, type: <RETURN>...
  • Page 49 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL FORMAT will then need to know: TYPE OF FORMAT TO PERFORM (0—3)? 0 0) APPLE DISK-II 1) RANA ELITE ONE 2) RANA ELITE TWO 3) RANA ELITE THREE (760 TRACKS) Since the currently operating copy of DOS has not been updated, it told FORMAT that the drive you specified was set as a Disk II.
  • Page 50 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The default FORMAT has provided is the standard Apple default which un—enhanced DOS’s INIT com- mand would use. Therefore, simply type: <RETURN> Next FORMAT will inquire: HI FILE? HELLO FORMAT isn’t trying to be cute, it’s just that a short prompt like “HI FILE?”...
  • Page 51 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL For now, just type: <RETURN> to use the default (RUN <HI FILE>). That’s all the information FORMAT needs, so it will say: INSERT DISKETTE TN DRIVE. PRESS <RETURN> TO INITIALIZE, PRESS <ESC> TO CHANGE PARAMETERS. time from the drive and insert your second (or third) blank diskette...
  • Page 52 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL When finished, FORMAT will display: DO ANOTHER DISKETTE (Y/N)? Type (without <RETURN>): FORMAT will prompt. You now have a full capacity diskette for your system drive which will boot correctly, so type: PR#6<RETURN> out. should be expected. There is still one last thing which you need to do.
  • Page 53 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL PR#6 You should get a “FILE NOT FOUND” message. Then remove “unconfigured master” and insert the Enhancer diskette. Type (Elite Three only): BRUN CLONE<RETURN> Once CLONE is loaded, it will “sign on” with: CLONE RANA SYSTEMS’ 16-SECTOR DOS 3.3 5-INCH DISKETTE COPY UTILITY.
  • Page 54 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Next comes: DRIVE NUMBER (1—4)? 1 Just press (Elite Three only): <RETURN> The next question is: DISKETTE TYPE (0-0)? 0 Again, simply press (Elite Three only): <RETURN> That ends all the source drive/diskette ques- tions. Now for the destination ones: DESTINATION: SLOT NUMBER (1—7)? 6 The default is okay, so press (Elite Three on-...
  • Page 55 The source diskette is your DOS 3.3 System Master from Apple. For the destination diskette, you can use “configured master” since it is no longer needed and won’t boot correctly on an Elite Three.
  • Page 56 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL response, <RETURN>): and CLONE will once again prompt you to insert your source diskette. diskette will be the Elite Enhancer diskette. The destination diskette diskette, which these diskettes back and forth as CLONE requests them, pressing <RETURN> when you have made the exchange.
  • Page 57 It is now necessary to transfer Apple’s utility FID onto your higher capacity diskette, so in- sert either your DOS 3.3 Master Diskette (if you using drive), or the CLONE you made of the DOS 3.3 Master Diskette (if you are using an Elite Three as your system drive).
  • Page 58 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL And for the destination drive number, type: 1<RETURN> FID will then ask for the name of the file to copy, so type: FID<RETURN> After which, either press <ESC> if you made an entry error, or <RETURN> to begin the copy. Assuming your entries were correct, type: <RETURN>...
  • Page 59 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The next step is to copy FID ENHANCE onto the “full capacity type: 1 <RETURN> to tell FID you want to copy another file. This time FID will only want to know the name of the file to copy, so type: FID ENHANCE<RETURN>...
  • Page 60 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL FID will again tell you when it has completed the copy, and wait for you to press <RETURN>. So press: <RETURN> and the main menu will be redisplayed. You are finished using FID, so type: 9<RETURN> to get back to BASIC.
  • Page 61 FID. Then type: LOCK FIDR<RETURN> to keep the new FIDR safe. The last step is to transfer the remainder of the system master programs (supplied by Apple) and the Enhancer utilities onto your "full ca- pacity system master. To do this, type: BRUN FIDR<RETURN>...
  • Page 62 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL FIDR will then ask for the name of the file to copy. Indicate all files by typing: =<RETURN> Because you indicated more than one file, FIDR will want Prompting allows you to say yes or no to each file before it is copied.
  • Page 63 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL FIDR will then source diskette, and wait for you to type: Y<RETURN> N<RETURN> to specify either “yes” you want the file cop- ied, or “no” you don’t want it copied. want files: HELLO APPLESOFT BOOT 13 CHAIN FPBASIC INTBASIC...
  • Page 64 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once you’ve inserted this diskette, type: <RETURN> to tell FIDR it can continue. Eventually, after saying "yes" and "no" to alot of file names, and swapping the diskettes sev- eral times, FIDR will finally tell you it is finished.
  • Page 65 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once again, FIDR will ask if you want prompting. This time, answer: N<RETURN> to tell FIDR to copy all the files without asking you. FIDR will again give you a chance, to press <ESC> if you made a mistake, or <RETURN> if everything is okay.
  • Page 66 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS Once back at the menu, type: 9<RETURN> to get back to BASIC. At this point, your “full capacity system mas- ter” is complete as far as your system drive is concerned. You will still need to refer to the instructions concerning PROFILE...
  • Page 67 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS This page intentionally left blank. Page 3-42...
  • Page 68 CP/M operating system to recognize which drives are Rana Elite Drives and which are Apple Disk If drives. The seek rate may also be increased by the PROFILE program to take advan- tage of the increased speed of Rana drives. If...
  • Page 69 (A: through F:). The enhanced ver- sion of Apple if CP/M will support up to eight drives (A: through H:). This allows all drives on two four-drive Elite Controllers to he used.
  • Page 70 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL When hooted, the enhanced CP/M checks all the controllers in the Apple to determine which are Elite Controllers and which are Disk ][ control- lers, starting from slot six and working back- wards. Whenever found, the next four CP/M drive letters will be assigned to the four drives of which the Elite Controller is capable.
  • Page 71 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL tures, don’t occupying the space the user needs to put to better use. The following steps will guide you in creating your enhanced CP/M master and demonstrate some of the functions of the Rana enhancement utili- ties.

  • Page 72: Using Multiple Drives

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 4.1. Using Multiple Drives These instructions detail a very specific ap- proach creating valid combination of Elite drives, Elite Con- trollers, Disk 1! drives, and Disk ][ control- lers which any user can possibly dream up. This places upon these instructions an almost impos- sible task, considering the vivid imagination of many...
  • Page 73 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS The length of these instructions is due to the fact that this will be your initial creation of an enhanced CP/M. Once this initial diskette is created, life becomes alot easier. Even though the instructions are lengthy, they are not ter- ribly complex to follow.
  • Page 74 Autostart feature, CP/M’s drive A: should rattle quietly spinning waiting for a diskette. If you have an old Apple, you may not have the Auto- start feature, so you will need to tell your Apple to start-up the drive. Temporary Config.
  • Page 75 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL A Non-Autostart Apple will “beep” then display an asterisk (“*”) prompt right away. When this prompt appears, simply type: When indicating those keys on the Apple ][ key- board which (i.e. RETURN, CTRL, ESC, etc.) these instruc—...
  • Page 76 Your Apple will respond by displaying the CP/M “sign on” message right notice. This indicates that you have just successfully “booted”...
  • Page 77 Rana so nicely supplied you. (What a pair of nice companies, right?) (if you are an Elite Three user, keep in mind that your drive will read standard Apple diskettes.) This little exercise shows that the enhancer diskette should be okay.
  • Page 78 Format will normally detect an already formatted 16 sector disk and ask you to verify that you want the disk erased. This includes any Apple have had lying around. If you plan on format- ting Elite capacity) you should check the Recommended Disk- ettes section of this manual.
  • Page 79 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL You should then oblige it by typing: <RETURN> FORMAT will respond with: Formatting... Drive A: will then rattle for about a minute, and FORMAT will come back with: FORMAT Complete Format disk in which drive? Since format has done all you require of it, simply type: <RETURN>...
  • Page 80 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The CP/M Operating System and all the utility programs on the Apple CP/M master now need to be copied onto your original Microsoft COPY utility supplied on your Apple CP/M Master will do the job nicely. To get it started, type: COPY<RETURN>...
  • Page 81 Your newly formatted diskette (in drive A:) will now contain all the utilities and the operating system from the. operating system on this disk is the one which you will eventually enhance. Page 4—14 CP/M ENHANCEMENTS disk into drive A: COPY finished, Apple CP/M master. will CP/M...
  • Page 82 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Take your Apple CP/M Master Diskette from B: and away longer need type: to end the COPY utility. (Note: no <RETURN> is necessary.) COPY, that you have removed the CP/M master from drive A:, so it will say:...
  • Page 83 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M will load the CPM56 utility into memory, then the utility will display: Apple II CP/M 56K CP/M Disk Update Program (C) 1980 Microsoft Insert 16 sector disk into drive A: Hit RETURN to begin Since the system disk you want to update to 56K...
  • Page 84 B:ENHANCE <RETURN> Once CP/M gets the ENHANCE utility loaded, the utility will display: ENHANCE RANA Systems’ Enhancer for Microsoft’s Apple II 56K CP/M BIOS Copyright (C)(P) 1982 RANA Systems Version 1. 7 BIOS Image Primary Copyright 1981 Microsoft Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems Insert a *COPY* of your Microsoft 56K CP/M 2.2 distribution diskette into...
  • Page 85 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once that mouthful type: <RETURN> ENHANCE will go out and replace those sections of the original Microsoft 56K CP/M with that information which is necessary to use the ad- vanced features Once ENHANCE is finished, it will display: Enhancing completed.
  • Page 86 Each command tells the PIP utility to copy the specified file from drive B: to drive A:. The “[V]” part tells PIP to verify that each file was copied correctly. If you’re a first time Apple CF/N user, the “[“ character is produced CP/M ENHANCEMENTS master diskette...
  • Page 87 CP/M, you can now run the FORMAT utility higher capacity diskettes. FORMAT started, type: FORMAT<RETURN> Once CP/M loads it in, FORMAT will respond with: Page 4-20 CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Apple key- characters under point where order create these...
  • Page 88 For example, if you have an Elite Two as drive B:, you would type: B: 2 If you are stuck with just Apple Disk if drives, then you would type: B: 0 You should be careful to specify the correct...
  • Page 89 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL drive type for the drive being used as drive B:. FOR MAT cannot always catch that the drive was unable to handle the type of format you request- ed. The disk will appear to be correctly for- matted but will cause a CP/M Disk I/O error or BDOS error at some later stage, or your new CP/M may not boot.
  • Page 90 This is accomplished using the PROFILE utility. Just like the other utilities, get it started by typing: PROFILE<RETURN> its “sign on” is: APPLE ][ CP/M Drive Configuration Utility Copyright (C)(P) 1982 RANA Systems Version 1. 1 There is slot more to this utility than what you...
  • Page 91 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once you’ve typed the drive type number, press: <RETURN~> and PROFILE will respond with: Was B: Apple Disk-][ Slow seek. and: Now B: RANA Elite One, Medium seek. Now B: RANA Elite Two, Fast seek. Now B: RANA Elite Three, Fast seek.
  • Page 92 (“*”) prompt. To get out of PROFILE, type (without <RE,TURN>): <CTRL -C> CP/M will respond with “A>”. Unlike Apple DOS’s “INIT” command, CP/M’s FORMAT does not place a copy of the operating system (in this case, CP/M) onto the newly formatted diskette.
  • Page 93 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once it’s loaded, it will respond with: APPLE ][ CP/M 16 Sector Disk Copy Utility Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems RANA Systems Version 1.1 Once again, the “*” signals that COPY is ready for a command.
  • Page 94 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Since the two diskettes are already inserted, type: <RETURN> and copy will respond with: Copying... This time COPY will make one read on drive A:, and then one write on drive B:. The new COPY utility will place diskette in drive B: in the proper format so...
  • Page 95 To remedy this problem for just drive A: for now, get back into PROFILE by typing: PROFILE<RETURN> Again, the utility will “sign on” with: Apple ][ CP/M Drive Configuration Utility Copyright Cc). (p) 1982 RANA Systems Version 1.1 Page 4—28...
  • Page 96 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Now let’s take a look at why the enhanced CP/M is treating all your drives just like Disk ][ drives. Type: B:=*<RETURN> This tells PROFILE configuration hanced CP/M system sitting on the diskette in drive B:, and tell you which drive letter (A: through P:) is set to which drive type.
  • Page 97 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once the table is “read-in”, PROFILE will tell you the system configuration for which it is set A: Apple Disk—][, The three vertical dots are supposed to indicate that the other drives (B: through 0:) will also be listed.
  • Page 98 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ple) rate, so that is all that should be listed for now. To change the setting for drive A: within that system sitting out on the diskette in drive B:, type (without <RETURN>): B:=A: What you’ve told PROFILE so far is that you are interested in updating the CP/M system in drive B: (“B:=”), and the change you wish to make is drive...
  • Page 99 Given that you entered the command correctly (of course you didl), press: <RETURN> and PROFILE should mutter something like: Was A: Apple Disk-][, and then: Now A: RANA Elite One, Now A: RANA Elite two, Now A: RANA Elite Three, Fast seek.
  • Page 100 To update the CP/M system on drive B:, type: and PROFILE will write out the new configura- tion. Now you can turn your Apple off (don’t worry about still being in PROFILE) and rearrange the drives into your final configuration. When you have...
  • Page 101 CP/M system so that they are treated as they should Since domain, bring it hack up by typing: PROFILE<RETURN> It will “sign—on” with its, usual: APPLE ][ CP/M Drive Configuration Utility Copyright (C)(P.). 1982 RANA Systems Version 1. 1 Page 4—34 made...
  • Page 102 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The easiest way to define within enhanced CP/M which type of drive is where is by specifying one long string of change commands, preceeded For example, if you have an Elite Two as drive B:, a Disk if as drive C:, an Elite One as drive D:, and another Disk if as drive E:, you would type: A:=B:2,C:0,D:1,E:0<RETURN>...
  • Page 103 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL If you press <RETURN>, PROFILE will list all the “Was” and “NOW” changes that it made (under your direction), and then display: Ready to update A:. <RETURN> to continue/retry; <ESC> or <CTRL-C> to abort. Once again, PROFILE gives you a chance to back- out.
  • Page 104 "sector of 128 bytes. Microsoft (and thus Rana) handles this small difference in interpretation of a “sector” by packing two CP/M sectors into every Apple sector (2 times 128 equals 256). Therefore Microsoft gets twice as many (smaller) CP/M sectors on every track (32) as Apple does (16).
  • Page 105 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS systems’ diskettes, but they generally do not understand the information which the other two systems’ place within the “sectors”. Remember, when it comes to the new Rana version of the FORMAT and COPY utilities, the instruc- tions in this manual are intended to replace those instructions given in the very informative Microsoft CP/M manuals.

  • Page 106: Using A Single Drive

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 4.2. Using a Single Drive These instructions detail a very specific ap- proach creating valid combination of Elite drives, Elite Con- trollers, Disk if drives, and Disk if control- lers which any user can possibly dream up. This places upon these instructions an almost impos- sible task, considering the vivid imagination of many users.
  • Page 107 If you have an old Apple, you may not have the Auto— start feature, so you will need to tell your Apple to start-up the drive.
  • Page 108 Should either prompt (“>“ or “]”) appear on the screen, then your Autostart Apple could not find your disk controller card. (Disk controllers won’t work in slot zero, and CP/M will want the controller in slot six.) If your controller is in slot six, then there may be something wrong with the controller.
  • Page 109 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL these enhancement your Apple should say is “A>”. This is your prompt to enter a command. A real quick one to try for you first time CP/H users is: DIR <RETURN> CP/M will indulge you by displaying the files which Microsoft so nicely included with the CP/M operating system.
  • Page 110 Format will normally detect an already formatted 16 sector disk and ask you to verify that you want the disk erased. This includes any DOS 3.3 or Apple Pascal diskettes you may have had lying around. If you plan on format- ting...
  • Page 111 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Three to read this diskette, it will all come out okay in the end. Once you have a diskette, take out the CP/M master and put in the blank diskette. Then type: A: <RETURN> FORMAT will respond with: Insert disk to be formatted in drive A: Press RETURN to begin You should then oblige it by typing:...
  • Page 112 When you have it in, type: <RETURN> The CP/M system prompt (“A>”) should then ap- pear. The CP/M Operating System and all the utility programs on the Apple CP/M master now need to be copied onto your original Microsoft COPY utility supplied on your Apple CP/M Master will do the job nicely.
  • Page 113 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL asterisk ready to go. Following the prompt type: A:=A: The utility will respond with: Insert MISTER disk and press RETURN Type: <RETURN> COPY will then read as much of the CP/M master diskette as it can into memory. Then it will say: Insert SLAVE disk and press RETURN You should then insert the newly formatted disk-...
  • Page 114 Apple CP/M master. The CP/M operating system on this disk is the one which you will eventually enhance. Take your Apple CP/M Master Diskette (the one not in the drive) and put it away in a safe place.
  • Page 115 44K system diskette to a 56K system diskette, type: CPM56 A:<RETURN> CP/M will load the CPM56 utility into memory, then the utility will display: Apple ][ CP/M 56K CP/M Disk Update Program (C) 1980 Microsoft Insert 16 sector disk into drive A: Hit RETURN to begin Page 4—48...
  • Page 116 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Since the system disk you want to update to 56K is the one you already have in drive A:, simply press: <RETURN> CPM56 will write out the 56K CP/M system image onto the diskette and then display: Disk has been updated to 56K Hit RETURN to re-Boot system You will want to work with this 56K system, so...
  • Page 117 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once CP/M gets the ENHANCE utility loaded, the utility will display: ENHANCE RANA Systems’ Enhancer for Microsoft Us Apple ][ 56K CP/M BIOS Copyright (C)(P) 7982 RANA Systems Version 1.1 BIOS Image Primary Copyright 1981 Microsoft...
  • Page 118 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once ENHANCE is finished, it will display: Enhancing completed. Press <RETURN> to reboot system from slot #6. Since you will want to start playing with the enhanced CP/M right away, press: <RETURN> and ENHANCE will re-boot the enhanced CP/M sys- tem.
  • Page 119 PIP’s CP/M (and therefore PIP) think that your one drive actually respond with: Enhanced Apple ][ CP/M Dual to Single Drive Mapping Utility Copyright (C) 7982 RANA Systems Revision 1. 1 B: now mapped to A: Mount A:, Press <ESC>...
  • Page 120 CP/M as an operating system will begin recognizing two different drives (A: and B:), even though you only have the one physical drive attached to your Apple. SGLDRIVE “fools” CP/M into seeing another drive by constantly watching which drive CP/M (and standard programs running under CP/M, such as PIP) is trying to talk to at any particular time.
  • Page 121 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SGLDRIVE converts write on drive B: into a request to do the same read or write on drive A: (which now has the “phoney” drive B:’s diskette in it). Along the same lines, whenever CP/M changes from talking drive SGLDRIVE displays the message: Mount A:, Press <ESC>...
  • Page 122 PIP A: =B:COPY.COM[V]<RETURN> PIP A: =B:PROFILE.COM[V] <RETURN> PIP A: =B:SGLDRIVE.COM[V]<RETURN> If you are a first time Apple CP/M user, the “[“ character is produced by typing <CTRL-K>, and the "]" character is produced by typing <SHIFT- N>. The Apple keyboard is not marked with (at...
  • Page 123 In order to create a higher capacity diskette, will need table, whatever type of format would he suitable for your drive: 0 - Apple Disk ][ 1 - RANA Elite One 2 - RANA Elite Two 3 - RANA Elite Three (160 tracks) Page 4—56...
  • Page 124 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once you have the drive type number from the table, type (without <RETURN>): followed by the drive type number. For example, if you have an Elite Two, you would type: If you have an Elite One, you would type: And, if you have an Elite Three, you would type: You should be careful to specify the correct drive type for your drive.
  • Page 125 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Insert that second mentioned earlier, then type: <RETURN> FORMAT will respond with: The drive will chatter and spin for almost a minute, (or two if formatting an Elite Two or Three diskette), then the screen will display: FORMAT Complete Format disk in which drive? To end the FORMAT utility, press:...
  • Page 126 This is accomplished using the PROFILE utility. Just like the other utilities, get it started by typing: PROFILE<RETURN> its “sign on” is: APPLE ][ CP/M Drive Configuration Utility Copyright (C)(P) 1982 RANA Systems Version 1. 1 There is alot more to this utility than what you...
  • Page 127 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once you’ve typed the drive type number, press: <RETURN> and PROFILE will respond with: Was B: Apple Disk-][ and: Now B: RANA Elite One, Now B: RANA Elite Two, Now B: RANA Elite Three, Fast seek.
  • Page 128 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL little confusing SGLDRIVE, will actually he drive A: (the only drive you have). However, its actually not all that complicated. Whenever CP/M goes to talk to drive B:, it will think it is talking to a higher capacity Elite Drive.
  • Page 129 (“*”) prompt, type (without <RETURN>): <CTRL-C> to get out of PROFILE. CP/M will respond with “A>”. Unlike Apple DOS’s “INIT” command, CP/M’s FORMAT does not place a copy of the operating system (in this case, CP/M) onto the newly formatted diskette. This...
  • Page 130 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once it’s loaded, it will respond with: APPLE ][ CP/M 16 Sector Disk Copy Utility Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems RANA Systems Version 1. 1 Once again, the “*” signals that COPY is ready for a command.
  • Page 131 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Since COPY knows nothing of this little diskette change that occurred, it will respond with: Insert SOURCE disk into drive A: Insert TARGET disk into drive B: Press RETURN to begin With SGLDRIVE running, this message is basically redundant, so just press: <RETURN>...
  • Page 132 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL COPY will then continue by writing the enhanced CP/M to the higher capacity diskette. Once COPY is finished, it will inform you of that fact by saying: COPY Complete Do you wish to make another copy? Just like last time, simply type (no <RETURN>...
  • Page 133 Disk ][. To remedy this problem, get back into PROFILE by typing: PROFILE<RETURN> Again, the utility will “sign on” with: Apple ][ CP/M Drive Configuration Utility Copyright (c) (p) 1982 RANA Systems Version 1.1 To change the setting for drive A: within that system sitting on your higher capacity diskette, type (without <RETURN>):...
  • Page 134 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL What you’ve told PROFILE so far is that you are interested in updating the CP/M system in drive B: “B:=”) (with the help of SGLDRIVE), and the change you wish to make is to drive A: (“A:). However, you’ve yet to specify the change to be made.
  • Page 135 Just hit: <ESC> and PROFILE will read the configuration informa- tion off of the higher capacity diskette and then mutter something like: Was A: Apple Disk-][, then PROFILE drive A: information, so SGLDRIVE will request: Mount A:, Press <ESC>...
  • Page 136 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL and PROFILE will continue with: Now A: RANA Elite One, Medium seek. Now A: RANA Elite Two, Fast seek. Now A: RANA Elite Three, Fast seek. and always: Ready to update B:. <RETURN> to continue/retry; <ESC> or <CTRL—C> to abort. The “Now”...
  • Page 137 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Since the diskette is already inserted, press: <ESC> and PROFILE will continue by writing out the new configuration. When its finished, it will return to the aster- isk (“*”) prompt. To get out of PROFILE, insert the enhanced CP/M master into the drive and type: <CTRL—C>...
  • Page 138 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once you’re done reading, type: PIP B:=A: *.*[V]<RETURN> This command first tells PIP to copy all files on drive A: (“A:*.*”) to drive B: (“B:=”) and verify that they Since PIP will be doing a whole bunch of files, it will display the name of each file as it is copied.
  • Page 139 When PIP is finished, it will return to the CP/M “A>” prompt. Now you can turn your Apple off, and reboot the system (just like you did at the beginning of this whole process) using the higher capacity diskette.
  • Page 140 256). Therefore Microsoft gets twice as many (smaller) CP/M sectors on every track (32) as Apple does (16). The actual way sectors” are read and written from/to a diskette is iden- tical between Microsoft CP/M, Apple DOS 3.3, and...
  • Page 141 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CP/M ENHANCEMENTS Remember, when it comes to the new Rana version of the FORMAT and COPY utilities, the instruc- tions in this manual are intended to replace those instructions given in the very informative Microsoft CP/M manuals. Page 4-74...

  • Page 142: Section 5

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SECTION 5 5. SECTION 5 This section has been intentionally omitted. Page 5—1...
  • Page 143 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SECTION 5 This page intentionally left blank. Page 5—2...

  • Page 144: Specifications

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS 6. SPECIFICATIONS 6.1. Introduction This section of the manual provides specifica- tions for the entire Elite Series of products. Most off the information is of a highly technical nature, so it may or may not he of interest to you.
  • Page 145 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Capacity Track to Track Access Tune Maximum Access Time Average Access Time Number of Heads Number of Cylinders Number of Tracks Number of Sectors/Track Track Density Rotational Speed Recording Frequency Recording Density Inside Track Maximums Weight Reliability MTBF M72TR...
  • Page 146 They are not based on an Elite operating II operating systems and hardware, and are also not best/worst case. SPECIFICATIONS 35mA 50mA 40mA 300mA 450mA 40F - 115F -40F - 160F 20% - 80% (nancond.) 5% - 95% (noncond.) under standard Apple Page 6—3...
  • Page 147 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Capacity Track to Track Access Time Maximum Access Time Average Access Time Number of Heads Number of Cylinders Number of Tracks Number of Sectors/Track Track Density Rotational Speed Recording Frequency Recording Density Inside Track Maximums Weight Reliability MTBF MTTR...
  • Page 148 Fig. 6-4: Elite Two Characteristics (cont.) Specifications are approximations based on in- dustry standard testing. They are not based on an Elite Two operating under the standard Apple II operating systems and hardware, and are also not best/worst case. SPECIFICATIONS...
  • Page 149 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Capacity Track to Track Access Time Maximum Access Time Average Access Time Number of Heads Number of Cylinders Number of Tracks Number of Sectors/Track Track Density Rotational Speed Recording Frequency Recording Density Inside Track Maximums Weight Reliability MTBF MTTR...
  • Page 150 Max Wet Bulb Fig. 6-6: Elite Three Characteristics (cont.) Specifications are approximations based on in- dustry standard testing. They are not based on Elite Three Apple II operating systems and hardware, and are also not best/worst case. 35mA 50mA 40mA 300mA 450mA 40F—...
  • Page 151 Fig. 6-7: Elite Controller Characteristics Specifications are approximations based on in- dustry standard testing. They are not based on an Elite Controller Apple II operating systems and hardware, and are also not best/worst case. Page 6-8 4 Drives 2K Bytes...

  • Page 152: Mechanical Dimensions

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS 6.2. Mechanical Dimensions following figures give physical dimensions of the Elite Series drives and the Elite Controller. Page 6-9...
  • Page 153 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS Fig. 6-8: Physical Dimensions of Elite Drives Page 6—10...
  • Page 154 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS Fig. 6-9: Elite Controller Physical Dimensions Page 6-11...

  • Page 155: Controller To Drive Interface

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 6.3 Controller to Drive Interface Pin Number Fig. 6-10: Controller to Drive Interface Signals Page 6—12 Signal (originates) Ground + Stepper Motor Phase A (ctlr) Ground + Stepper Motor Phase B (ctlr) Ground + Stepper Motor Phase C (ctlr) Ground + Stepper Motor Phase D (ctlr) Not Connected...

  • Page 156: Signal Interface

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Elite drives/controller divided into two categories: 1.Signal. 2. Power. The following sections provide the electrical definition for each line. Refer to the preceding figure for all interface connections. Timing are provided in the Elite Series Service Manual. 6.4.

  • Page 157: Control Signals

    Drive Select The input signal intended to do the multiplexing is the drive selection signal. Although stand- Apple II—type daisy-chained on a cable like most other sys- tems, the majority off the input/output signals passing between the drives and the controller are...
  • Page 158 This delay must be taken into account when the software goes to select a drive on a different controller card so that only one drive is power- ed-up at any one time (an Apple II power supply consideration). necessary when another device, such as Apple’s Silentype printer, which draws power from the Apple II power supply is to be selected.) No...
  • Page 159 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS Although a newly selected drive will not return valid data until the motor comes up to speed, the software need not incorporate any timing delays before attempting a read provided the motor-on time is taken into account in any retry logic.

  • Page 160: Data Signals

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS completely disables the write logic and enables the read data logic and stepper logic. 6.4.2. Data Signals Read Data This interface line returns to the controller card the magnetic polarity of the section of the diskette (side) which is currently passing under the (selected) read/write head.

  • Page 161: Power Interface

    Write Protect This interface signal is provided by the drive to give the Apple an indication when the in- stalled diskette is write protected. The signal is a logical low level when it is protected. The drive will inhibit writing with a protected diskette installed in addition to notifying the controller card.
  • Page 162 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS card. voltages, their specifica- tions and their interface pin designators are given in various tables earlier in this section. Page 6-19...
  • Page 163 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS This page intentionally left blank. Page 6-20...

  • Page 164: Theory Of Operation

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 7. OPERATIONAL THEORY OF ELITE PRODUCTS 7.1. Elite Drives 7 . 1 . 1 . G e n e r a l O p e r a t i o n The Elite Series drives consist of read/write, control, mechanism;...
  • Page 165 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION This page intentionally left blank. Page 7—2...

  • Page 166: Read/Write/Control Logic

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 7 . 1 . 2 . R e a d / W r i t e / C o n t r o l L o g i c The electronics are packaged on one PCB which contains: 7.

  • Page 167: Head Positioning Mechanisms

    Clockwise counter-clockwise rotations of the stepper motor are translated into linear head movement via one off two mecha- nisms discussed below. The Apple system software increments stepper motor desired track by directly signalling the drive electron- ics which stepper motor phases to power on and off.

  • Page 168: Read/Write Head

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION is highly unlikely as the system is pre—ten— sioned (reducing angular and linear inertia) to allow greatly improved track to track access times. Lead Screw Positioning In some Elite One designs, the stepper motor rotates a lead screw.
  • Page 169 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL This precision compliance with the read/write head. The disk- ette is loaded against the head when the drive door is closed. The read/write head is in di- rect contact with surface been signal transfer to and from the magnetic surface of the diskette with minimum friction and wear.

  • Page 170: Elite Controller

    1 and 2 (Bank 0) selected when power is first applied. They may be addressed using the standard “Dl” and D2” used by most Apple software. With a special command to the controller to select Bank 1, drives 3 and 4 will respond as if they were drives second bank (drives 3 and 4) is selected.

  • Page 171: Booting

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION 7 . 2 . 2 . B o o t i n g The Rana boot code automatically detects the format, whether 13 or 16 sector, and loads the initial boot sector (track 0, sector 0). On 13 sector booting, control is immediately transferred second...

  • Page 172: Hardware

    However, DOS 3.3 does require the boot PROM to decode on these later sectors. NOTE: The Rana boot code adheres to all the above standard Apple DOS booting protocols, and to several extensions to this protocol in order to support existing software packages.
  • Page 173 $C800-$CEFF, is intended to be used at this location. The second section is mapped into the slot-dependent location in the Apple memory as illustrated in the table below. Slot Memory Address for EPROM ($700-$ 7FF) Fig. 7-2: Slot Dependent PROM Address Ranges...

  • Page 174: State Machine

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL code without affecting itself. This mapping ($C800-$CFFF) nearly all of the hardware and software develop- ers. The partitioning of the EPROM is performed by (7418257) portion done (74LS257). Decoding of the off instruction is performed by U15 (74LS30). A synchronous ap- proach was taken to selection design because of noise spikes on many of the bus interface lines.

  • Page 175: Addressahle Latch

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION 7.2.6. Addressable Latch The addressable latch is used to store the oper— ating mode of the controller including the se- lected disk drive, phase stepper motor, the motor enable state, and the function currently being performed.

  • Page 176: Controller Command Structure

    The first type is the device command, characterized by bringing the DEV line low as shown in the following table. (See the Apple II Reference Manual for an explanation of the DEV line.) Slot Fig. 7-3: DEV Line Address Ranges...
  • Page 177 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Each block of sixteen addresses permits eight commands (on and off for each). These are: Command Stepper Phase A Drive Motor Enable Drive 1/2 Selec± Function Select Bit 0 $C0nC Function Select Bit 1 $C0nE where n is a number from $9 to $F (slot +8) as determined by the slot location of the card: Slot Value of “n”...
  • Page 178 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Function hits 0 and 1 determine the mode off the controller: Controller Mode Read From Disk Sense Write Protect Write To Disk Load Data Byte (Write) Fig. 7-5: Controller Functions THEORY OF OPERATION Bit 1 Bit 0 Page 7-15...
  • Page 179 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The second type of command is the bank select command, characterized by a write by the Apple CPU to the address space occupied by the con- troller ‘S EPROM. The bank select commands are only enabled switched into the peripheral expansion space.

  • Page 180: Power-On Reset

    All power supplies to the controller are bypass- ed to ground on board, whether or not they are used. This technique provides the best grounding scheme for Apple II equipment and also reduces noise on other bus lines. Page 7—17...
  • Page 181 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 7.2.12. Direct Use of Disk Drives It is often necessary to access the drives di- rectly from assembly language, without the use of DOS. This is done using a section of 16 addresses that are latched toggles, interfacing directly to the hardware.
  • Page 182 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ADDRESS LABEL $C0B0 PHSOOF $C081 PHSOON $C082 PBSlOF $C083 PHS1ON $C084 PHS2OF $C084 PHS2ON $C085 PHS3OF $C086 PHS3ON $C086 PHS4OF $C087 PHS4ON $C088 MTROFF $C089 MTRON $C08A DRVOEN $C08B DRV1EN $C08C $C08D $C08C $C08D Q7L after Q6L Q7L after Q6H Q7N after QEL Q7H after Q6M...
  • Page 183 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION The following are typical examples of the use of device address assignments (slot #6 is assumed and the X-reg contains $60). Stepper Phase Off/On Each of the four phases (0-3) must be turned on and off again.
  • Page 184 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL LOOP: MOVOUT: MOVE: DONE: <SEEK FINISHED> THEORY OF OPERATION #DSTTRK TEMP1 #SRCTRK TEMP 1 DONE MOVOUT MOVE #$03 TEMP2 TEMP2 $C080,Y DELAY $C080,Y DELAY LOOP Page 7—21...
  • Page 185 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Motor Off/On LDA $C088,X LDA $C089,X NOTE: A delay should be provided to allow the motor to come up to speed. DOS will keep this delay to a minimum by watching the read latch until data starts to change. Motor—on timing characteristics for the Elite Series drives can be found elsewhere in this manual.
  • Page 186 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Select Bank #$CO ZPAGE+ 1 #$OO ZPAGE $CFFF (ZPAGE),Y Map in Elite Controller #BANK $C800,Y $CFFF Read a Byte READ LDA $CO8C,X NOTE: $CO8E,X must already have been accessed to assure Read mode. The loop is necessary to as— sure that data.
  • Page 187 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Sense Write Protect LDA $C08D,X LDA $C08E,X BMI ERROR PROTECTED Write Load/Write a Byte LDA DATA STA $C08D,X ORA $C08C,X NOTE : $C08F,X must already have been accessed to insure Write mode and a 100 microsecond delay should be invoked before writing.
  • Page 188 LDA #$D5 JSR WRITE9 LDA #$AA JSR WRITE9 WRITE9 WRITE7 WRITE STA $C08D,X ORA $C08C,X NOTE: Software that uses only the commands of the Apple controller will work with the Elite Controller Card. THEORY OF OPERATION (3 cycles) Page 7—25...
  • Page 189 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION This page intentionally left blank. Page 7—26...

  • Page 190: User Level Maintainence

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 8. USER LEVEL MAINTENANCE The Elite Controller card has no moving or elec- trically adjustable parts, so there is no regu- lar maintenance required. On the other hand, the Elite Series drives, like other disk drives, are very mechanical annual “check-up”.
  • Page 191 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL yet, authorized for use on the Elite Two and Three drives. This is due to the difference in the structural design of the second read/write head these drives primary head shared among all the Elite drives. If you decide to make use of the Perfect Data Systems diskette on an Elite One (or Disk II), make absolutely sure that the second (upper)

  • Page 192: Handling

    To get the best performance from your diskettes and to protect the information you need, the following rules are suggested by the diskette drives, unlike They perhaps television emit strong MAINTENANCE authorized Rana Apple even more set, since some magnetic fields Page 8-3...
  • Page 193 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL manufacturers: Whenever handling diskettes do not touch the recording surface. Touch them only on the plas- tic jacket. After you have finished using a diskette do replace it in its protective envelope immediate- ly. If you leave a diskette exposed; dust, de- bris, cigarette pollutants...
  • Page 194 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL MAINTENANCE can easily attach itself to the diskette surface causing loss of data. 8. Always load the diskette gently into the disk drive so it doesn’t bend or center improperly. That causes the diskette to rotate eliptically, missing data.

  • Page 195: Back-Up Diskettes

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL MAINTENANCE and how much protection you wish to give to the data on your diskettes. 8.3. Back—up Diskettes If you are ever in the position where you have information you cannot afford to lose, make a back-up copy (or even two copies) of the disk- ette and store the copies in a safe place, using the write protect feature described below.
  • Page 196 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL is set for write protect, the diskette will be protected. write protected treated write diskette can be write protected without removing it from an Elite Series drive by pressing the special PROTECT switch on the front panel of the drive.
  • Page 197 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL UNPROTECTED Fig. 8-1: Write Protecting Diskettes Page 8—8 WRITE PROTECT NOTCH WRITE PROTECTED MAINTENANCE WRITE PROTECT...

  • Page 198: Enhanced Dos Utilities

    DOS. If you do not use DOS, then this section will prove to be of little interest to you. The Rana Systems enhancements to Apple’s DOS 3.3 consist of five system utilities: FORMAT, CLONE, PROFILE, ENHANCE, and FID ENHANCE. The first is a more versatile replacement for the DOS “INIT”...
  • Page 199 They contains all the var- ious modifications that need to be made to Ap- ple’s standard Apple II DOS 3.3 and associated FID utility in order for the system and utility to use the extra features of the Elite Series products.

  • Page 200: Format Utility

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 9. 1. FORMAT Utility The enhanced FORMAT utility is designed to re- place the INIT command which is part of the original DOS. formatting a diskette just like INIT did, but the new one can also format the higher capacity diskettes used by the Elite Series drives.

  • Page 201: Slot Number

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. FORMAT assume that it was run from an enhanced DOS master diskette, and therefore assumes it can read a copy of the operating system off the same diskette. If FORMAT was not run from an enhanced system master, you will need to insert a system master into the indicated drive before pressing <RETURN>.

  • Page 202: Drive Number

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL which you either answered wrong or for which you have changed your mind, simply press <ESC> for each question you need to “back up” past. You don‘t need to type <ESC> once you reach the input you wish to change, simply type the new response.
  • Page 203 (RETURN> following it. After you’ve entered a drive number, FORMAT will ask: TYPE OF FORMAT TO PERFORM (0-3)? <t> 0)APPLE DISK-II 1)RANA ELITE ONE 2) RANA ELITE TWO 3) RANA ELITE THREE (160 TRACKS) The <t> is the type for which the drive is defined under the currently in use DOS.
  • Page 204 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL completely independent of how the drive is de- fined (see PROFILE) however it is not completely independent of the actual drive being used to do the formatting. The following table lists which drives can per- form which format types: Format Type Disk II Disk II...
  • Page 205 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The Elite Three is capable of performing any of the format types, but the resulting diskette is interchangeable drive. instance, formatted using an Elite Three cannot be used by an Elite Two drive. In addition, the “special” diskette cannot even be used by an Elite Three drive unless...
  • Page 206 Asking for the “hi” file is not FORMAT’s way of being cute, instead character file name (permitted under DOS) to be specified on the 40 column Apple screen. Although the INIT command required a hello file name (it would not default), the default has always been...
  • Page 207 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Unlike the INIT command, FORMAT will not save hello file diskette is formatted. This is because FORMAT is also a program, and only one program can fit into memory at one time. This means that the only program FORMAT would have around to save as the hello file is FORMAT itself, and its unlike- ly that is the hello program you will want.
  • Page 208 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL You can either type one of the menu item letters without following it with <RETURN> if you don’t want the default (A), or you can simply press (RETURN> selection confuses you, simply press <RETURN> and FORMAT will default to exactly what the INIT command did.
  • Page 209 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DISKETTE CONTAINS DATA. INITIALIZE ANYWAYS (Y/N)? If it is okay to format the diskette, simply type <Y> without any <RETURN>. If you didn’t expect the diskette to be already formatted, type <N> diskette. Once FORMAT has finished with the formatting, specify anyways?”...

  • Page 210: Clone Utility

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 9.2. CLONE Utility The CLONE utility is very similar to the COPY and COPYA utility supplied by Apple on their Apple DOS 3.3 Master Diskette. In fact, CLONE is the enhanced DOS ‘s replacement for the two Apple utilities.
  • Page 211 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Since CLONE will also copy an entire diskette (just like COPY and COPYA), the first question it will as is which type of copy you wish CLONE perform “whole diskette” simply press (RETURN> to specify that copy type. Pressing <0>...
  • Page 212 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DRIVE NUMBER (1-4)? <Sd> where <Sd> is the drive number from which you ran CLONE. The also refers to the drive in which you will inserting simply press <RETURN> if <sd> is correct. If you wish to specify a different drive number, press the new number.
  • Page 213 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL the capacity for which the drive is defined. Given that restriction, CLONE will treat either diskette the way you specify in response to this question (for the source) and a later question (for the destination). But you are still re- stricted by what the drives being used are phys- ically capable of doing.
  • Page 214 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Elite Three is used in the copy process when not performing a straight Elite Three to Elite Three copy. It is possible to use the Elite Three as the source drive for all types of diskette copies. This goes right along with the standard Elite Three usage rule that it can read any of the lesser storage capacity diskettes.
  • Page 215 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL destination drive, number. CLONE will allow you to specify the same drive as both the source and destination drive. In this case, CLONE change diskettes during the copying process. After destination comes: DRIVE NUMBER (1—4)? <dd> where (dd>...
  • Page 216 Elite Three. The FIDR utility can be used to copy files between different capacity diskettes. See FID ENHANCE in this manual, and the instruc- tions for FID in Apple’s The DOS Manual. FIDR will permit...
  • Page 217 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL diskette data compatible with the Elite Three, hut which will not have the full storage capacity of the Elite Three. Then FIDR individual files from the restructured diskette onto a full capacity Elite Three diskette. Back CLONE drive and diskette questions have been answered, CLONE will say:...
  • Page 218 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL TERMINATE THIS UTILITY. After you allow CLONE to proceed (whole diskette or DOS only), it will read as much information from the source diskette as it can fit into memory, and then write the information to the destination diskette.
  • Page 219 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. the “insert source/both diskettes” prompt. change copy type (whole only), the drives, and/or the diskette types, before making another copy by pressing <ESC> for the “insert diskettes” prompt. Special note concerning DOS-only copies: During a DOS only copy (and not during a whole diskette copy) the DOS copy which.
  • Page 220 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. configuration table on the source diskette must be set (using PROFILE) correctly for the boot slot and drive prior to copying the DOS to the destination diskette. The other option is to use PROFILE change table...

  • Page 221: Profile Utility

    (an Elite Two as a Disk TI, for example) to allow you to read and create diskettes to be interchanged with other Apple II DOS systems. PROFILE has absolutely no effect on the Elite Controller card since the enhanced DOS functions with it completely automatically.
  • Page 222 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. the DOS to be modified led is located. If you type <ESC>, PROFILE will return you to BASIC. PROFILE is very dependent upon how you have your drives defined under the currently in use DOS. Whenever you specify to PROFILE that It is to read a copy of DOS off of a particular diskette, PROFILE assumes that the DOS will be arranged on...
  • Page 223 Each setting displayed is made of two separate parts. The first part consists of five characters as fol- lows: DISK2 = Apple Disk II ELIT1 = RANA Elite One ELIT2 = RANA Elite Two ELIT3 = RANA Elite Three...
  • Page 224 S = Slow M = Medium (Elite One standard) F = Fast This displayed position which is possible on the Apple II is currently defined. for which there are no controllers or drives at the present time. Following the table, PROFILE will display a menu...
  • Page 225 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL If you select any of the first three items, PROFILE will ask you the slot and drive number questions which it asked you when you first ran PROFILE. However, the drive PROFILE is asking for varies with the menu item you selected. For item 1 (load new DOS image), PROFILE will be asking for the drive from which you wish to load the new copy of DOS.
  • Page 226 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL After specifying the drive to be redefined under item 2, PROFILE will ask: ENTER DRIVE TYPE (0-3) 0) APPLE DISK-II 1) RANA ELITE ONE 2) RANA ELITE TWO 3) RANA ELITE THREE (160 TRACKS) <t> will be the current setting for the drive as reflected in the table at the top of the screen.
  • Page 227 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL screen, and then return to the main menu. The change which was made still needs to he saved to diskette, otherwise cannot be booted. Main menu item 3 (save DOS image) is used to save the redefined DOS. After PROFILE requests the slot and drive numbers for item 3, it will say: INSERT FORMATTED DISKETTE TO RECIEVE...

  • Page 228: Enhance Utility

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. 9.4. ENHANCE Utility The ENHANCE utility is intended as a one—time- only utility. Once you’ve performed enhancements outlined earlier in this manual, ENHANCE is no longer needed. The FORMAT and CLONE utilities are used to make new enhanced DOS system master diskettes.

  • Page 229: Fid Enhance Utility

    If it did, it would work with every Elite Series drive except the Elite Three (special case). FID, as it comes from Apple, will work correctly on the Elite One drive without any modification. In fact, FID will even function correctly with the Elite Two drive except it will refuse to copy files to all of the Elite two diskette.
  • Page 230 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. Since “dumb’ FID will work with Disk II and Elite diskettes correctly, need create Disk Elite diskette containing FID on it. The run FID and specify menu item 1 (copy files) in order to copy FID ENHANCE onto the same diskette as "dumb"...
  • Page 231 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL. This page intentionally left blank. Page 9—34...

  • Page 232: Enhanced Cp/M Utilities

    CP/M. If you do not use CP/M, then this section will prove to be of little interest to you. The Rana Systems enhancements to Microsoft Apple II 16—Sector 56K CP/M 2.2 consist of five system utilities: FORMAT, COPY, PROFILE, SGLDRIVE, and ENHANCE.
  • Page 233 ENHANCE is a one-time-only type of utility. It contains all the various modifications that need to be made to the standard Apple II CP/M distri- buted by Microsoft in order for the system to use the extra features of the Elite Series pro- ducts.

  • Page 234: Notation

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL 10.1. Notation Since almost all of the various different com- mands which you can give to the enhanced CP/M utilities contain choices and options, it is necessary notation permits the extensive amount of mater- ial covered by this section to be reduced to as small an amount of verbiage as possible.
  • Page 235 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The exclamation point is used to sep- arate in braces. Ellipses are used to indicate that you may repeat the entry as many times as you need or desire. CAPS Capital portions of the command which you must type other symbols not listed above must be typed as shown.

  • Page 236: Format Utility

    FORMAT is executed by typing: with a diskette containing the new FORMAT util- ity inserted into drive <d>. FORMAT will sign-on by saying: APPLE ][ CP/M 16 Sector Disk Formatter Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems RANA Systems Version 1.1...
  • Page 237 This is really just common sense when you con- sider that if the Disk II could handle 652K bytes of storage just like the Elite Three can, then Apple would be saying the Disk II can do 652K bytes instead of 143K. Page 10-6 <d>: <type><RETURN>...
  • Page 238 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL following table to format the various different types of diskettes: not be used Diskette Type Disk II Disk II Disk II Disk II Elite One Elite One Elite One Elite One Elite Two Elite Two Elite Two Elite Two Elite Three Elite Three...
  • Page 239 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Since the Elite Three achieves its 652K of stor- age by writing half width tracks in half track increments, the tracks (and any other data at other times) which the Elite Three writes while formatting diskette lower capacity drives to read.
  • Page 240 CP/M and what type of already for- matted diskette you have in the drive. Normally FORMAT will detect an already formatted 16-sector diskette (including DOS 3.3 and Apple Pascal diskettes), stances it may not. Therefore, you should not rely upon this check.
  • Page 241 Press RETURN When you’ve got your system diskette back into drive A:, type <RETURN>. Important Note: Unlike the INIT command under Apple’s DOS, FORMAT does not place a copy of any operating system onto the newly formatted disk- ette. This means boot all.

  • Page 242: Copy Utility

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. 10.3. COPY Utility The copy utility provides a means for you to make backup copies of your diskettes. The en- hancements made COPY utility primarily just in the area of support for the higher capacity Elite Series drives.
  • Page 243 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL COPY signs-on by saying: APPLE II CP/M 16 Sector Disk Copy Utility Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems RANA Systems Version 1.1 You may find the “*” prompt to be just a little...
  • Page 244 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. drive letter in which you plan on placing the already formatted diskette which is to receive information from original diskette. <source> and <target> can he the same drive. If you specify the “/S” option at the end of the command, the you will he telling COPY to only copy the CP/M operating system from the source diskette to the target diskette without altering...
  • Page 245 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Source Diskette is Disk II Format Source Drive Disk II Disk II Disk II Disk II Elite One Elite One Elite One Elite One Elite Two Elite Two Elite Two Elite Two Elite Three Elite Three Elite Three Elite Three Page 10—14...
  • Page 246 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Source Diskette is Elite One Format Source Drive Disk II Disk II Disk II Disk II Elite One Elite One Elite One Elite One Elite Two Elite Two Elite Two Elite Two Elite Three Elite Three Elite Three Elite Three ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.
  • Page 247 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Source Diskette is Elite Two Format Source Drive Disk II Disk II Disk II Disk II Elite One Elite One Elite One Elite One Elite Two Elite Two Elite Two Elite Two Elite Three Elite Three Elite Three Elite Three Page 10—16...
  • Page 248 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Source Diskette is Elite Three Format Source Drive Disk II Disk II Disk II Disk II Elite One Elite One Elite One Elite One Elite Two Elite Two Elite Two Elite Two Elite Three Elite Three Elite Three Elite Three ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.
  • Page 249 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The explanations tables are as follows: (1) The target backup of the source diskette, however the target diskette cannot be read by any other drive but an Elite Three. This cannot be moved to the source drive and used just as If it were the source diskette.
  • Page 250 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL backup an Elite Two diskette? First glance at the tables might indicate that such a conflict occurs, would simply specify a single drive copy to the COPY utility target drives as being your Elite Two. A dual— drive copy can still be performed if you are backing up a Disk II diskette, since the Elite Two will work as both the source and target for...
  • Page 251 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL target diskette in the preceding tables, with the exception of the special Elite Three condi- tions. In the Elite Three ”explained” case (1), target diskette Elite Three format. plained” case (2), the target diskette must be formatted in the format correct for the target drive’s type.
  • Page 252 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL concerning “bootability” of system copies. After you’ve plowed through all of the above confusion, and finally decide you’ve chosen the right command and then hit <RETURN>, COPY will respond with: Insert SOURCE disk into drive <source>: Insert TARGET disk into drive <target>: Press RETURN to begin provided...
  • Page 253 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Once the copying is finished (single or two— drive), COPY will say: COPY Complete Do you wish to make another copy? If you answer <N><RETURN> to this question, COPY will terminate. COPY’s response to your answer- ing <Y><RETURN>...
  • Page 254 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. Special Note: The only diskette restructuring COPY will perform is during a system-only copy. There is no way to convince COPY to restructure and Elite One diskette (for instance) into an Elite Two diskette. This can be done using the “copy all files”...

  • Page 255: Profile Utility

    (an Elite Two as a Disk II, for example) to allow you to read and create diskettes to be interchanged with other Apple II CP/M systems. PROFILE has absolutely no effect on the Elite Controller card since the enhanced CP/M func-...
  • Page 256 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The “*” is the standard CP/M utility prompt to indicate that the utility is waiting for a com— mand. The valid command syntax for PROFILE is: [<u>:=]§<d>:<t>[<s>][,<d>:<t>[<s>]...]!*† where <u> is the drive containing the copy of the CP/M to be altered.
  • Page 257 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL copy of CP/M only, and no change to disk copies will be made. This in-memory change would be temporary, and would no longer exist once the system was fully rebooted. If the “<u>:=” is specified, then the change will be made to the CP/M system on the diskette in the specified drive, and no changes will be made to the in-memory copy of CP/M.
  • Page 258 “lie” to CP/M will come later. Drives I: through P: will not report any model type since the enhanced Apple II CP/M does not support these drives. The "D" section reports the seek speed at which the drive will be positioned from track-to-track by CP/M.
  • Page 259 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL When a drive’s setting is changed, PROFILE will print message preceeded by “Was” for the old setting of the drive, and “Now” for the new setting of the drive: Was B:+Elite Three, Fast Seek. Now B:+Disk II, The best way to show the use of PROFILE is by examples of various PROFILE commands: A:=H:3,C:0,E:1<RETURN>...
  • Page 260 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL was actually an Elite Two (which can seek fast) which is to be restricted to acting like an Elite One. The second change is to make drive A: act like a Disk II, but seek at the “fast” rate (,A:0F). Once again, this would have to he an Elite Two pretending to be a Disk II.
  • Page 261 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL diskette (by COPY), it was structured to boot for a particular type of drive. The setting for drive A: within that on-disk operating system must match the boot structure, or the boot will fail. When you use COPY to copy an operating system from (for instance) an Elite One drive to an Elite Two drive, COPY restructures the system into a format compatible with booting off of the...
  • Page 262 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL This can be a problem to be kept track of, but also an advantage. It will allow you to temp- orarily change the setting of a drive which is capable handling format so that the diskette can be modified. (With the exception of the Elite Three, higher capacity models can all handle the lower capaci- ty models’...
  • Page 263 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Whenever you either display the current settings within an on-disk CP/M system copy (<u>:=*), or make a change to a setting (<u>:=<d>:<t>[<s>]), PROFILE will first respond with: Insert a system disk in <u>:. <RETURN> to continue/retry; <ESC>...
  • Page 264 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL you no longer wish the diskette to he updated, type <ESC> and PROFILE will leave the diskette alone. If you request PROFILE to do anything with the in-memory CP/M, PROFILE will not need to ask you to insert any diskettes.

  • Page 265: Sgldrive Utility

    If you are a single drive user, this utility can prove to be invaluable. Single drive users (on an Apple or any other CP/M system) quickly find that CP/M is not over- ly friendly to them CP/M was not really de- signed with only one drive in mind.
  • Page 266 This little piece of SGLDRIVE will remain inside CP/M until you completely reboot your Apple. This is re- ferred to as the “resident“ portion of SGLDRIVE. Once this resident portion is in place, SGLDRIVE...
  • Page 267 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Mount B:, Press <ESC> This gives you a chance to remove the diskette from your drive and insert whichever diskette you want to pretend is in drive B:. When you have the “drive B:" diskette in the drive, type <ESC>...
  • Page 268 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. In order to convince PIP to copy a file from one diskette another diskette using just drive, you would tell PIP to copy the file from drive A:/B: to drive B:/A: (the other drive). Then, whenever PIP needs to read or write from the diskette which is not currently in the drive at that particular time, the resident portion of...

  • Page 269: Enhance Utility

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED CP/M UTIL. 10.6. ENHANCE Utility The ENHANCE utility is intended as a one-time- only utility. Once you’ve performed the CP/M enhancements outlined earlier in this manual, ENHANCE is no longer needed. The COPY utility is used to make new enhanced CP/M diskettes. It is not necessary the use ENHANCE to keep enhanc- ing every new CP/M system diskette you create.

  • Page 270: Section Ll

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SECTION 11 11. SECTION 11 This section has been intentionally omitted. Page 11—1...
  • Page 271 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SECTION 11 This page intentionally left blank. Page 11—2...
  • Page 272 We have borrowed some material from a section of their highly informative book “Beneath Apple DOS” by Don D. Worth and Pieter M. Lechner. For further information on Apple Disk I/O we suggest refer “Beneath Apple DOS” Copyright 1981 Quality Software Page A-1...
  • Page 273 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O This page intentionally left blank. Page A—2...

  • Page 274: Diskette Data Recording

    The Elite One is capable of reading and writing 40 tracks (0 to 39). These five extra tracks are located closer to the center of the disk after Apple’s last track (34) The dual headed Elite Two and Elite Three drives require that the term “cylinder” be introduced.
  • Page 275 (and successfully read and write data) is called a cylinder. Since the Elite One (and Apple’s Disk II) has only one head, it has only one track for every cylinder. This leads to the two terms (“track”...
  • Page 276 Elite Two and Elite Three, special (but very compatible) extensions to Apple’s diskette format had to be made to support these higher capacity drives. This was done by leaving the format on the first side of the diskette identical to Apple’s, but numbering...
  • Page 277 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The following tables give an illustration of the amount of data stored on a diskette under an Enhanced DOS 3.3 format for all Elite models. DISK ORGANIZATION Cylinders Tracks Tracks Sectors Sectors Sectors Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes DOS Reserved Cylinders per Diskette DOS Reserved Tracks...
  • Page 278 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DISK ORGANIZATION Cylinders Tracks Tracks Sectors 16 Sectors Sectors Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes DOS Reserved Cylinders DOS Reserved Tracks DOS Reserved Sectors DOS Reserved Bytes Available Cylinders Available Tracks Available Sectors Available Bytes Note: The above figures are for an version 3.3. enhanced DOS Page A-7 ELITE TWO...
  • Page 279 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Cylinders Tracks Tracks Sectors Sectors Sectors Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes DOS Reserved Cylinders DOS Reserved Tracks DOS Reserved Sectors DOS Reserved Bytes Available Cylinders Available Tracks Available Sectors Available Bytes Note: The above figures are for an enbanced DOS version 3.3.

  • Page 280: Track Formatting

    Apple-type disk drives. In the frequency modulated recording technique, data written on and read back from the diskette takes the form shown in the figure to follow, which represents the binary data pattern 101.
  • Page 281 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL edge of the next we will define as a “bit cell”. byte would cells, the most significant of which is normally referred to as cell 7 (with the least signifi— cant being cell 0). Data is written and read serially.
  • Page 282 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O Fig. A-I: FM Recording Pattern Page A-11...
  • Page 283 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O Fig. A-2: FM Bit Cell Page A-12...
  • Page 284 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O DATA BITS CLOCK BITS Fig. A-3: FM Byte Recording Page A-13...
  • Page 285 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL CONTROLLER SHIFT REGISTER DATA ON DISK Fig. A-4: Reading Data Page A-14 APPEN. A - DISK I/O...
  • Page 286 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O The following figure shows how writing data can be illustrated in the same way. The clock bits that were separated from the data must be inter- leaved with the data as it is written. Notice that, while in write mode, 0’s (zeros) are being brought into...
  • Page 287 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O CONTROLLER SHIFT REGISTER DATA ON DISK Fig. A-5: Writing Data Page A-16...

  • Page 288: Fields

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O A.4. Fields The two types of fields on a diskette are the Address and the Data fields which both contain a prologue, data area, checksum, epilogue. Each field on a track is separated from adjacent fields by a number of bytes, called “gaps”.
  • Page 289 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O Fig. A-6: Track Fomatting Page A—18...

  • Page 290: Gaps

    1 (an Apple-GCR restriction). As long as the disk is left in read mode, it will continue to correctly interpret the data unless there is an error on the track.
  • Page 291 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL A minimum of five self-sync bytes must be main- tained for each gap type, resulting in reason- ably uniform gap sizes within each track. A . 5 . 1 . G a p 1 This is the first data written to a track during initialization.
  • Page 292 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL When a data field is written there is na guaran- tee that the write will occur in the same spot each time because the drive which is rewriting the data field may not be the one which actually INITed, or originally wrote it.
  • Page 293 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O Fig. A-8: Read Syncronizing Page A-22...
  • Page 294 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O Probably, at least one sync byte will be des- troyed when writing a Data field because, just as in reading bits on a track, the write may not begin on a byte boundary, thus altering an ex- isting byte.
  • Page 295 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O initially write begins here After Writing Fig. A-9: Unsyncronized Write Page A-24...

  • Page 296: Gap 1

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ADDRESS INFORMATION Fig. A-10: Data Field Shifting DATA FIELD GAP 2 APPEN. A - DISK I/O GAP 3 DATA FIELD Page A-25...
  • Page 297 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL D5 AA 96 XX YY Prologue Volume DATA BYTE- D D D D D D D D XX- 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D YY- 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D Fig. A-11: Address Field Page A—26 XX YY XX YY...
  • Page 298 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O The prologue comprises three bytes which form an unique sequence found in no other component of the track, enabling DOS to locate an address field almost without chance of an error. The three bytes are $D5, $AA, and $96.
  • Page 299 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O D5 AA AD 342 BYTES DATA DE AA EB Prologue Data(16 Sector) Checksum Epilougue Fig. A-12: Data Field Page A—28...
  • Page 300 Address field. A. 6. Data Field Encoding Since it is not possible to read all 256 possi- ble byte values (an Apple-GCR restriction), data written to the diskette must be encoded. This is done in three different ways: 1.
  • Page 301 “disk” bytes to store a 256 byte sector permit- ting a full 13 sectors per track. hardware Apple’s Disk II controller card) allowed the development of 16 sectors per track, providing a 23% increase in storage over the 13 sector for- mat.
  • Page 302 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL IN MEMORY D D D D D D D D Fig. A-13: 4-plus-4 Encoding 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D APPEN. A - DISK I/O ON DISK Page A-31...

  • Page 303: Shift Left

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL D 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D D D D D D D D D Fig. A-14: 4—plus-4 Decoding Page A-32 APPEN. A - DISK I/O SHIFT LEFT...
  • Page 304 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O A byte would have the form OOOXXXXX where X is a valid data bit. This byte could range in value from $00 to $1F, a total of 32 different values. There are 34 valId “disk” bytes, ranging from $FF, which meet...
  • Page 305 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL A A A A A A A A 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 B B B B B B B B 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 C C C C C C C C 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D D D D D D D D 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0...
  • Page 306 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL A total of 410 bytes is necessary to store the original 256. This is calculated by finding the total bits of data (256 x 8 = 2048) and dividing by the number of bits per byte (2048 / 5 = 409.6) with two bits being unused.
  • Page 307 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O The data field has a checksum, similar to that in the address field, to verify data. It also involves exclusive-ORing data in pairs before it is transformed by the look-up table above, best illustrated by the figures below.
  • Page 308 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL MEMORY NYBBLES (checksum) 8FF Fig. A-17: Data Encoding APPEN. A - DISK I/O DISK DATA Byte 00 Byte 01 Byte 02 Byte 85 Byte 86 Byte 87 Byte 88 Byte 340 Byte 341 Byte 342 Page A-37...
  • Page 309 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DISK DATA BYTE 00 -> BYTE O1 -> BYTE 02 -> BYTE 85 -> BYTE 86 -> BYTE 87 -> BYTE 88 -> BYTE 340 -> BYTE 341 -> BYTE 342 -> FIG. A-18: DATA DECODING Page A-38 EFFECTIVE ACTION...
  • Page 310 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O Fig. A-19: 6-plus—2 Encoding Page A-39...
  • Page 311 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL A total of 342 bytes are needed, shown by find- ing the total number of bits (256 x 8 = 2048) and dividing by the number of bits per byte (2048 / 6 = 341.33). The transformation from the bytes performed by a one to one mapping, illustrated in the figure below.

  • Page 312: Sector Interleaving

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O A. 7. Sector Interleaving This process involves staggering sectors on a track to improve access times. There is usually a delay between reading or writing one sector and reading or writing the next sector. This delay usually depends on the user’s program and can vary greatly.
  • Page 313 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL For example, if the sector number found on a disk were a 2, this is used as an offset into a table where the number $0B is found. Thus DOS treats the physical sector 2 as sector 11 ($0B), presenting no problem If RWTS is used for disk access.
  • Page 314 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL Disk CP/M Fig. A-21: Standard Systen Interleaves Pas. Disk APPEN. A - DISK I/O CP/M Pas. Page A-43...
  • Page 315 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. A - DISK I/O This page intentionally left blank. Page A—44...

  • Page 316: Dos Technical Notes

    DOS. Information concerning these interfaces is split between two manuals: Apple’s The DOS Manual and Quality Software’s Beneath Apple DOS. Quality Software’s manual is by far the more informative concerning machine level interfacing to the DOS File Manager and RWTS, while it leaves the explanation of the Command Interpreter’s text commands to Apple’s manual.

  • Page 317: Command Interpreter Alterations

    (located in the File Manager and RWTS) could not be supported for all four drive types (three Rana Elites and one Apple Disk II). When an INIT command is issued under an unen— hanced DOS, it does three things: first, the RWTS section formats the diskette leaving all sectors empty;...

  • Page 318: File Manager Alterations

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. B - DOS NOTES under the name specified on the “INIT” command. B. 2. File Manager Alterations The only alteration from a program interface standpoint to the File Manager was to shut down the disk initialization function call. This was done simply by having the File Manager return back to the caller without performing the ini- tialization.
  • Page 319 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. B - DOS NOTES the desired track and nothing else.) When a “no Operation” call is made to the enhanced RWTS, and the sector number in the RWTS parameter list is set to $FF, a “formatting error” ($08) will be returned and the carry flag set.
  • Page 320 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL The high four bits (7-4) of each entry are the drive type code, the next three bits (3-1) are the seek rate code, and the low bit (0) is the single phase per cylinder flag. 0000 XXXX = Disk II 0001 XXYX = Elite One 0010 XXXX = Elite Two 0011 XXXX = Elite Three...
  • Page 321 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. B - DOS NOTES This page intentionally left blank. Page B-6...

  • Page 322: Cp/M Technical Notes

    Guide. The Alteration Guide is not provided by Microsoft in the Apple II CP/M manuals primarily because the implementing of CP/M on an Apple is far more complex than for the standard Z8O/8080 computers on which Digital Research’s guide is based.
  • Page 323 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES C.1. Z8O BIOS Call Extensions The only BIOS call which has had extensions made to it is the SELDSK vector (BOOT+1BH). Digital Research defines that, prior to calling, the [C] register is to be loaded with the drive number (0-15=A:-P:) which is to be used for any further disk I/O calls.

  • Page 324: Drive Mapping Table

    The original Apple II CP/M as distributed by Microsoft assumed drives for every controller card it found in the Apple. This allowed the BIOS to do some quick and simple math to calculate where it could find physical associate with CP/M’s logical drive (A:—P:).
  • Page 325 16 drive entries, but there are only enough DPH’s allocated for 8 drives.) The cold start initialization code scans all cards in the Apple and determines which are Disk IX controllers, which are Elite Controllers, and which are non-disk I/O cards. The scanning goes...

  • Page 326: Seek Configuration Table

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL C.3. Seek Configuration Table The seek table is what informs the 6502 RWTS disk drivers of the head movement character- istics each entries, one for each CP/M logical drive. The SELDSK vector pointing to drive [C]’s entry within the table. The base of the table is drive A: ‘s entry, and each entry is a single byte.

  • Page 327: 6502 Rwts Alterations

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES C.4. 6502 RWTS Alterations The calling protocol is unchanged for the 6502 RWTS disk drivers. The only difference is that sector numbers from 16—31 will result in the enhanced RWTS trying to access the second head on the drive, which would only be effective for the Elite Two and Elite Three.

  • Page 328: D. Appendix D

    ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN. D D. APPENDIX D This appendix section been intentionally omitted. Page D-1...

This manual is also suitable for:

Ranasystems elite seriesElite seriesElite controllerElite twoElite threeElite enhancement

Table of Contents

Save PDF