Fore Systems ForeRunner ATM User Manual
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Fore Systems ForeRunner ATM User Manual

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ForeRunner ™ ATM Switch
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User's Manual
MANU0149-01 - March, 1997
Software Version 4.1.x
FORE Systems, Inc.
1000 FORE Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086
Phone: 412-742-4444
FAX: 412-772-6500
http://www.fore.com

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  • Page 1 ForeRunner ™ ATM Switch User’s Manual MANU0149-01 - March, 1997 Software Version 4.1.x FORE Systems, Inc. 1000 FORE Drive Warrendale, PA 15086 Phone: 412-742-4444 FAX: 412-772-6500 http://www.fore.com...

  • Page 2: Legal Notices

    This publication is provided by FORE Systems, Inc. “as-is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, includ- ing, but not limited to, the implied warranties or conditions of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. FORE Systems, Inc.
  • Page 3 VCCI CLASS 1 NOTICE This equipment is in the Class 1 category (Information Technology Equipment to be used in commercial and/or industrial areas) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council For Interference by Information Technology Equipment aimed at preventing radio interference in commercial and/or industrial areas.Consequently, when used in a residential area or in an adjacent area thereto, radio interference may be caused to radios and TV receivers, etc.
  • Page 4 The E1 (NM-6/E1C and NM-2/E1C) and E3 (NM-4/E3C and NM-2/E3C) network modules that are described in this manual are approved for use in FORE Systems’ host systems providing that the instructions below are strictly observed. Failure to follow these instructions invalidates the approval.
  • Page 5 75 Ω interfaces Required User Guide Statements - UK Installation The use of auxiliary products not authorized by FORE Systems in FORE Systems ATM Switches may cause the power spec- ification to be exceeded and is a potential safety hazard.

  • Page 6: Safety Certifications

    The following tables show the available ports and their safety status: NM-6/E1C and NM-2/E1C Ports Safety Status E1 Ports TNV operating at SELV Bus Connector SELV NM-4/E3C and NM-2/E3C Ports Safety Status E3 Ports TNV operating at SELV Bus Connector SELV NOTICE Marking by the symbol CE indicates compliance of this system to the EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) directive of the...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Placement of a FORE Systems Product ........
  • Page 8 Installing the Serial Cable ......... . . 2 - 9 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 9 Changing between Multiple Versions of Software ......4 - 14 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual TOC - 3...
  • Page 10 Switch Information ........A - 16 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 11 ForeRunner ATM Network Modules ........C...
  • Page 12 622 Mbps OC-12c/STM-4c SM Module......C - 25 Acronyms Glossary Index ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual TOC - 6...

  • Page 13: Preface

    FORE Systems’ Technical Support. Chapter Summaries Chapter 1 - Switch Hardware - Provides a description of the various ForeRunner ATM switch hardware components. Chapter 2 - Switch Setup - Provides information for the installation of a switch and how to verify a successful installation.

  • Page 14: Technical Support

    Preface Technical Support In the U.S.A., you can contact FORE Systems’ Technical Support using any one of the follow- ing methods: If you have access to the Internet, you may contact FORE Systems’ Technical Sup- port via e-mail at: support@fore.com You may FAX your questions to “support”...

  • Page 15: Typographical Styles

    Any messages that appear on the screen during software installation and network interface administration are shown in Courier font to distinguish them from the rest of the text as fol- lows: ..Are all four conditions true? ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 16: Important Information Indicators

    To call your attention to safety and otherwise important information that must be reviewed to ensure correct and complete installation, as well as to avoid damage to the FORE Systems product or to your system, FORE Systems utilizes the following WARNING/CAUTION/NOTE indicators.

  • Page 17: Laser Notice

    Class 1 for applicable wavelengths and durations. These lasers are safe under reasonably foreseeable conditions of operation. Every FORE Systems network module having a fiber optic interface contains a Class 1 laser. The Laser Notice section only applies to...

  • Page 18: Safety Precautions

    Modifications to Equipment Do not make mechanical or electrical modifications to the equipment. FORE Systems, Inc., is not responsible for regulatory compliance of a modified FORE product. Placement of a FORE Systems Product...

  • Page 19: Power Cord Connection

    WARNING! with single-phase power systems having a grounded neutral conductor. To reduce the risk of electrical shock, do not plug FORE Systems products into any other type of power system. Contact your facilities manager or a qualified electrician if you are not sure what type of power is supplied to your building.
  • Page 20 Preface viii ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 21: Switch Hardware

    LAN and WAN Network Modules, these switches meet the networking demands of today’s distributed, time-critical applications. All of the ForeRunner ATM switches deliver high-performance switching capacity and speed for ATM applications. A non-blocking switching capacity of 2.5 Gbps is continually available on the ASX-200, the ASX-200WG, and the ASX-200BX.

  • Page 22: Switch Hardware Configurations

    SCP, network modules, and fans. These compo- nents work together to provide ATM switching capabilities, as well as distributed connection setup and management. Figure 1.2 - ASX-200WG Switch Configuration 1 - 2 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 23 Common Equipment Card (CEC); and a removable fan tray. These components work together to provide ATM switching capabilities, as well as distributed connection setup and management. Figure 1.4 - ASX-1000 Switch Configuration 1 - 3 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 24: Switch Hardware Components

    STATUS LED; a diagnostics display; two serial ports (labeled A and B); and an Ethernet port. All of the features are illustrated in Figure 1.5 and are described in the subsections that follow. Figure 1.5 - ASX-200 SPARC RISC Switch Control Processor Front Panel 1 - 4 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 25: Reset Switch

    The RS-232 serial ports (A and B) on the ASX-200 provide terminal access for any VT100 (or similar) terminal or terminal emulation package to the SCP. Hardware/software flow control supported on the RS-232 serial ports of the NOTE SPARC RISC SCP. 1 - 5 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 26: Ethernet Aui Port

    SCP. The serial port has a standard DB-9 female connector as shown in Figure 1.7. Pin 5 Pin 1 Pin 9 Pin 6 Figure 1.7 - RS-232 Serial Port Pinouts 1 - 6 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 27: Ethernet 10Baset Port

    There is a collision on the port. green The port is transmitting normally. Table 1.3 - Ethernet 10BaseT Receive LED Description LED Color Meaning The port is failing link integrity. green The port is receiving normally. 1 - 7 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 28: Ctl Port

    ATM SWITCH. For information on creating or modifying the SCP name, please refer to the section on configuring the SCP name in the ATM Management Interface Manual. 1 - 8 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 29: Power Led

    While in dual SCP mode, the controlling SCP emits a “heartbeat” at regular intervals. This heartbeat is monitored by the standby SCP. In the event of a hardware failure on the control- ling SCP, the heartbeat disappears and the standby SCP takes over. 1 - 9 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 30: Adding A Standby Scp

    While in dual mode, the controlling SCP continually monitors the presence of the standby SCP. If the controlling SCP fails to detect a second SCP, the controlling SCP disables all syn- chronization and runs in standalone mode (not dual). 1 - 10 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 31: Rebooting The Controlling Scp

    The network modules in a ForeRunner switch board act as the physical input/output ports to the switch board. A network module may have one, two, four, or six physical ports, depend- ing on its configuration. 1 - 11 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 32: Port Numbering

    PORT PORT PORT PORT PORT PORT Figure 1.8 - Network Module Port Numbering information about technical operating specifications for all ForeRunner ATM NOTE network modules, see Appendix C, “ForeRunner Hardware Specifications,” in this manual. 1 - 12 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 33: Power Supply Modules

    ASX-200BX. A replacement AC power supply will not function in a DC-equipped ASX-200BX, and vice- NOTE versa. However, no damage will be done if this occurs. 1 - 13 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 34: Asx-200Bx -48 Volt Dc Power Supply

    #6 screws. The -48 volt feed wires should be attached to the terminal strips using wire termi- nals designed to fit #6 studs. FORE Systems recommends using either ring terminals or lock- ing forked tongue terminals. Wire gauge should be AWG #16 or larger.
  • Page 35 ASX-200BX. A replacement DC power supply will not function in an AC-equipped ASX-200BX, and NOTE vice-versa. However, no damage will be done if this occurs. 1 - 15 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 36: Asx-1000 Ac Power Supply (Model A)

    Figure 1.11 - Model A ASX-1000 AC Power Supply 1.2.5.3.1 Power Supply LEDs There are four status LEDs on the front panel of the model A ASX-1000 AC power supply. The LEDs and their functions are described in Table 1.5. 1 - 16 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 37: Shutdown Conditions

    ASX-1000 that already contains a DC power supply, and vice-versa. If these instructions are not heeded, there is a risk of electrical shock, danger to personal health, and serious damage to the equipment. 1 - 17 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 38: Asx-1000 Ac Power Supply (Model B)

    There are four LEDs on the front panel of the model B ASX-1000 AC power supply which indi- cate the status of the power supply. The LEDs and their functions are described in Table 1.6: 1 - 18 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 39: Shutdown Conditions

    At that point, the power supply restarts itself, except in the case of an overvoltage condition. To recover from a shutdown caused by an overvoltage state, the AC line input must be turned off for at least one second. 1 - 19 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 40: Asx-1000 -48 Volt Dc Power Supply

    The screw terminals are #6 screws. The -48 volt feed wires should be attached to the terminal strips using wire terminals designed to fit #6 studs. FORE Systems recommends using either ring terminals or locking forked tongue terminals. Wire gauge should be AWG #12 or larger.

  • Page 41: Asx-1000 Fan Tray

    This overtemperature condition is detectable by CAUTION software, and will trigger an alarm condition which is visible through ForeView Network Management. Upon detection overtemperature condition, the ASX-1000 should be turned off to avoid damage to internal components. 1 - 21 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 42: Asx-1000 Common Equipment Card (Cec)

    CEC status LEDs, and an Ethernet port with four LEDS. These features are illustrated in Fig- ure 1.13 (model A) and Figure 1.14 (model B). Refer to the following subsections for detailed descriptions of these features. Figure 1.13 - CEC Front Panel Status Indicators (Model A) 1 - 22 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 43: Alarm Relay Contacts

    ASX-1000 CEC, they will be referred to sequentially from top to bottom (i.e., pin 1 is the top pin when the CEC is installed in the switch, and pin 4 is the bottom pin). 1 - 23 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 44 The user can define AL1 and AL2 as major and minor alarm indicators and can display which condition is alarming through the use of AMI. For more information, please refer to the alarm configuration section in the ATM Management Interface Manual. 1 - 24 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 45: Cec Status Leds

    This subsection discusses the meaning of the status LEDs on the CEC of the ASX-1000 switch. The LEDs have been designed to provide information pertaining to the state of the switch at a glance. Figure 1.16 - CEC Status LEDs (Model A) 1 - 25 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 46: Alarm Leds

    By default, AL2 is the minor alarm indicator for SPANS failure and for link failure. The user may display and/or change these configurations through the use of AMI. For more information, please refer to the ATM Management Interface Manual. 1 - 26 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 47: Ethernet Port

    Figure 1.18 - CEC Ethernet Port and LEDs The Ethernet port on the model B CEC is rotated 180 degrees, but the Ethernet port LEDs are in NOTE the same relative location as before. 1 - 27 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 48 Ethernet port. The polarity of the twisted pair cable connected to the CEC Ethernet port is OK. 1 - 28 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 49: Switch Setup

    Before installing a ForeRunner ATM switch, there are several important factors that must be taken into consideration, depending on the type of installation site. The following sections dis- cuss in detail how to install a ForeRunner ATM switch and any prerequisites to the installation. It is important to read through the ENTIRE...

  • Page 50: Unpacking

    Switch Setup 2.2 Unpacking Upon receipt of, and before opening your ForeRunner ATM switch, inspect the package for any damage that may have occurred during shipping. If the package shows any signs of external damage or rough handling, notify your carrier’s representative.

  • Page 51: Electrical Considerations

    Reliable grounding of rack-mounted equipment CAUTION should be maintained. Particular attention should be given to supply connections other than direct connections to the branch (i.e., use of power strips). 2 - 3 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 52: Rack-Mounting An Asx-200, 200Wg, Or 200Bx

    ASX-200BX before they can be installed in a rack (refer to Section 2.2.1). The following items should be addressed when rack-mounting a switch: When rack-mounting equipment, make sure that WARNING! a hazardous condition is not created due to uneven weight distribution. FORE Systems recommends that the maximum CAUTION operating temperature exceed 40°C.

  • Page 53: Installing The Rack-Mount Brackets

    Switch Setup To prevent user injury and possible damage to WARNING! equipment, FORE Systems recommends that at least two people be present when rack-mounting a switch. 2.4.2 Installing the Rack-mount Brackets Steps 1 - 3 apply only to the ASX-200WG and ASX-200BX.
  • Page 54 The switch is an operational ATM switch at this point if used with other ForeRunner switches or NOTE with ForeRunner ATM interface cards. However, if other vendor equipment is connected, you may have to complete an initial user configuration. If you wish to have remote access to the switch,...

  • Page 55: Rack-Mounting An Asx-1000

    The ASX-1000 switch is designed to be rack-mounted. The following items should be addressed when rack-mounting this switch: When rack-mounting equipment, make sure that WARNING! a hazardous condition is not created due to uneven weight distribution. FORE Systems recommends that the maximum CAUTION operating temperature exceed 40°C.

  • Page 56: Installing The Asx-1000

    Additionally, the rack should be connected to an earth ground. The ASX-1000 is an operational ATM switch at this point if used with other ForeRunner switches NOTE or with ForeRunner ATM interface cards. However, other vendor equipment connected, you may have to complete an initial user configuration.

  • Page 57: Installing The Serial Cable

    The switch is ready for user configuration as soon as it is connected to a tty-type device. To NOTE access the switch, enter asx at the prompt of the tty device. 2 - 9 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 58: Modem Configuration

    To allow a modem to work with a ForeRunner ATM switch, you must complete two sets of con- figurations. First, the speed of the serial port on the ForeRunner ATM switch must be set to match that of the attached modem and, second, the modem parameters must be configured correctly.

  • Page 59: Modem Parameters

    Comment Setting Turn off Echoing ATE0 No Return Codes ATQ1 Force Carrier Detect (CD) High AT&C0 Ignore Data Terminal Ready (DTR) AT&D0 Save Modem Configuration AT&W 2 - 11 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 60: Configuring Ip Addresses

    Switch Setup 2.8 Configuring IP Addresses The recommended configuration for a ForeRunner ATM switch is to assign an IP address to its network interfaces. This allows you to communicate with the switch from any workstation connected to your ATM LAN. IP addresses must be assigned to the network interfaces in order to perform any SNMP functions.

  • Page 61: Ami Security

    Switch Setup 2.9 AMI Security The administrative password on your ForeRunner ATM switch may be changed to provide password-protected access to AMI. FORE Systems recommends that you do this to prevent unauthorized users from accessing your ForeRunner ATM switch. This option is available in AMI at the operation level.

  • Page 62: Subsequent Operation

    2.10 Subsequent Operation After its initial configuration is complete, a ForeRunner switch DOES NOT require a terminal for normal operation. FORE Systems strongly recommends that you disconnect the serial cable once you have NOTE configured the switch and then access the switch over the ATM network or over Ethernet.

  • Page 63: Verifying The Installation

    2.12 Product Registration Information After you have successfully completed the installation process, please fill out the enclosed product registration card for your ForeRunner ATM switch, and return it to FORE Systems immediately. 2 - 15 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 64 Switch Setup 2 - 16 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 65: Hardware Maintenance Procedures

    3.1.1 Overview The network modules in all ForeRunner ATM switches are hot-swappable, meaning that they can be removed and replaced with the unit under power. Network modules should only be hot-swapped for purposes of replacing a failed unit. Therefore, they should be replaced with a network module of the same type, the same Series, and with the same number of ports.

  • Page 66: Multicast Mode

    Multicast connection information for all of the ports of Series C network modules is stored in the space allocated for port 1 and path 0 on each Series C network module. 3 - 2 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 67: Hot-Swapping Network Modules

    Re-tighten the captive fasteners. To ensure safety, tighten the captive fasteners CAUTION with a straight screwdriver. Restore the network connections from Step 1. 3 - 3 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 68: Power Supply Module Replacement

    LED or an extinguished LED indicates the failed supply. Power supply “1” is on the left-hand side of the unit, and power supply “2” is on the right-hand side (while facing the front of the unit). 3 - 4 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 69 13. Once the new supply is completely installed, re-insert and plug in the power cord, and turn the power switch to the ON position. 3 - 5 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 70: Replacing An Asx-200Bx Dc Power Supply

    (while facing the rear of the unit) corresponds with power supply 1 (on the left side while facing the front of the unit). Unscrew the two captive fasteners on the front of the failed supply using a straight blade screwdriver. 3 - 6 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 71 Ensure that #16 AWG or larger wire is used for the DC feed wires. The screw terminals are #6 screws. The 48-volt feed wires should be attached to the ter- minal strips using wire terminals designed to fit #6 studs. FORE Systems recommends the use of either ring terminals or locking forked tongue terminals.

  • Page 72: Asx-1000 Power Supply Module Replacement

    3.2.2.1 Replacing an ASX-1000 AC Power Supply (Model A) A model A AC power supply module for an ASX-1000 is shown in Figure 3.2. Retention screws Ejection/insertion handle Figure 3.2 - Model A ASX-1000 AC Power Supply 3 - 8 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 73 Unscrew the four retaining screws with a 3/32-inch Allen wrench and pull for- ward on the handle located below the power cord. Remove the defective supply and prepare to install the new one. 3 - 9 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 74 3/32-inch Allen wrench. 11. Reconnect and plug in the power cord to the new power supply. 12. Turn the power switch on the new supply to the ON position. 3 - 10 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 75 3.2.2.2 Replacing an ASX-1000 AC Power Supply (Model B) A model B AC power supply module for an ASX-1000 is shown in Figure 3.3. ON/OFF Switch Captive fasteners Handle Figure 3.3 - Model B ASX-1000 AC Power Supply 3 - 11 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 76 Pull forward on the power supply’s handle (located below the power switch and AC plug) to remove it from the chassis. Set the failed supply aside and prepare to install the new one. 3 - 12 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 77 12. Once completely installed, you may reconnect the AC line and turn the power switch to the ON position. 13. After a second or two, the PWR OK LED on each supply illuminates green, indi- cating that the supply is functioning properly. 3 - 13 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 78: Replacing An Asx-1000 Dc Power Supply

    The DC power supply module for an ASX-1000 is shown in Figure 3.4. Retaining screws Power supply Circuit breaker switch Positive Terminal Ground Terminal Negative Terminal Ejection/insertion handle Retaining screws Figure 3.4 - ASX-1000 DC Power Supply 3 - 14 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 79 Remove the feed wires from the front of the unit. Unscrew the four retaining screws that secure the power supply in the chassis using a 3/32-inch Allen wrench. Pull forward on the ejection/insertion handle to remove the failed supply. 3 - 15 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 80 Ensure that the DC feed wires are #12 AWG or larger. The screw terminals are #6 screws. The 48-volt feed wires should be attached to the terminal strips using wire terminals designed to fit #6 studs. FORE Systems recommends the use of either ring terminals or locking forked tongue terminals.

  • Page 81: Asx-1000 Fan Tray Replacement

    Do not run the unit for any great length of time CAUTION without the fan tray installed or the unit will shut itself down because of an overtemperature condition. 3 - 17 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 82: Switch Control Processor Replacement

    Pull firmly and carefully on the two captive fasteners, removing the SCP from the switch fabric as shown in Figure 3.5. Loosen captive fasteners and pull STRAIGHT out. Figure 3.5 - Removal of an SCP 3 - 18 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 83 Once the SCP has been installed and the switch boots, the PVCs will be re-established pro- vided that none of the network modules were replaced after the SCP was removed and pro- vided that all of these steps have been performed properly. 3 - 19 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 84: Switch Board Replacement

    A of the old switch fabric must be installed in slot A of the new switch fabric. Therefore, it is recommended that you label all network connections and network modules before removing them. 3 - 20 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 85 Re-install the SCP using the instructions found in Section 3.4, Switch Control Pro- cessor Replacement. Once the SCP has been installed and the system reboots, the PVCs will be re-established if all of the steps have been performed correctly and in the proper sequence. 3 - 21 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 86 Hardware Maintenance Procedures 3 - 22 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 87: Software Upgrade Instructions

    TFTP is NOTE configured on the UNIX workstation that holds the upgrade file. For more information about using this command, see Section 4.3 and Section 4.7.4. 4 - 1 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 88: Obtaining The Software Upgrade File

    4.1.1 Obtaining the Software Upgrade File via FTP The software upgrade can be retrieved from FORE Systems via anonymous FTP using the fol- lowing procedure. First, FTP to ftp.fore.com. and log in as anonymous. Enter your full e- mail address (e.g., jdoe@somewhere.com) when you are prompted for a password.
  • Page 89 230- 230- If you have any problems finding the files that you are looking for, 230- you can contact FORE Systems Technical Support by phone or send email 230- to support@fore.com. 230- 230- Abuse of any FORE Systems Technical Services system is grounds for the 230- immediate removal of all access.

  • Page 90: Obtaining The Software Upgrade File Via Diskette

    4.1.2 Obtaining the Software Upgrade File via Diskette Using the FORE Systems distribution diskettes, the upgrade software must be installed on a workstation attached (via Ethernet or ATM) to the SCP being upgraded. The first disk contains a part of the distribution software, as well as a script that extracts the remaining software from the rest of the disks and builds the upgrade distribution on the workstation.
  • Page 91 200_ <version> , depending on the switch being upgraded) in the current directory. This is the file that the SCP will use to upgrade its software. You will need to provide this filename and path later during the upgrade process. 4 - 5 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 92: Requirements For Upgrading An Asx-200Wg

    FTP or distribution diskettes. If you are obtaining the Mini Loader software via FTP, follow the same instructions as in Section 4.1.1, but substitute the Mini Loader filename for the upgrade filename. If you are obtaining the Mini Loader software from the FORE Systems distribution diskettes, follow the same instructions as in Section 4.1.2.

  • Page 93: Emptying The Flash

    Mini Loader in place of <remotehost> . You must enter the Mini Loader file- name in place of <full path to remotefile> . Enter something similar to the following at the localhost::> prompt: operation upgrade 204.95.89.91:foreworks-loader.tar 4 - 7 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 94: Deleting The Active Switch Software

    If the upgrade fails for some reason, try again. First, however, delete the file from FLASH called UPGRADE that will have been created (but is not complete) during the failed upgrade. If you have problems with the upgrade to Mini Loader, please contact FORE Systems’ Techni- cal Support.

  • Page 95: Performing The Software Upgrade

    If you obtained the upgrade file via FTP, <full remotefile> is the name of the NOTE path uncompressed file. If you obtained the file from diskette, <full path to remotefile> is the name printed during extraction. 4 - 9 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 96 Reboot the switch[y]? y Once the SCP reboots, all active AMI sessions will be terminated on the SCP. You will need to log in to AMI again if you want to begin another session. 4 - 10 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 97 Mini Loader software. If this happens, see Section 4.6. If the upgrade is unsuccessful or if you have any other problems with the upgrade, please con- tact FORE Systems’ Technical Support. 4 - 11 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 98: Loading The New Software Image Onto The Asx-200

    Enter your password for the workstation to which you extracted the upgrade. remote password: ENTER YOUR PASSWORD HERE <ENTER> For security reasons, the switch will not echo your keystrokes when you enter your password. NOTE 4 - 12 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 99 If the upgrade is unsuccessful or if you have any other problems with the upgrade, please con- tact FORE Systems’ Technical Support. 4 - 13 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 100: Changing Between Multiple Versions Of Software

    FT410.25 Current software version is FT410.25 Software versions installed : FT400.35 FT410.25 By using the operation version command and specifying a version, you change the version NOTE to which CURRENT is pointing. 4 - 14 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 101 Are you sure you want to reboot this switch [n]? y When the SCP reboots, it will look to see to which version CURRENT is pointing. In this case, it will see FT410.25 and boot using that version. 4 - 15 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 102: Booting And Upgrading With Mini Loader

    Section 2.7) and the “a” in ttya represents the serial port of the workstation having the connection to the serial port of the switch (this value could also be “b,” as in ttyb). 4 - 16 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 103 Kernel version: WIND version 2.4 CPU: FORE Systems WSCP BSP version: 1.0 Creation date: Mon Apr 8 13:41:58 EDT 1996 ForeWorks Loader 1.0 Copyright (c) 1996 FORE Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Attaching network interface lo0... done. Attaching network interface ei0... done. loader::>...

  • Page 104: Setting The Ip Address Of The Switch

    IP Address 2 IP Address 3 Gateway 1 Gateway 2 IP Address 1 IP Address 4 <ipaddr> Subnet A Subnet C HOST Figure 4.1 - Example of Switch and Host on Different Subnets 4 - 18 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 105: Performing The Upgrade

    Transferring file foreos.exe to memory (1060339 bytes) Transferring file version to memory (9 bytes) Transferring file sbloader.gz to memory (6631 bytes) Writing file foreos.exe to flash (1060339 bytes) Creating flash directory FT410.29 Creating flash file CURRENT 4 - 19 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 106 You should now reboot the switch to begin using the new version of ForeThought soft- ware. Enter the following at the loader::> prompt: reboot The switch will reboot using the upgraded software. If you have any problems with the upgrade, please contact FORE Systems’ Technical Support. 4 - 20 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 107: Using Bootp To Download Software To The Switch

    This cycle will continue indefinitely until the switch is powered down or reset. If you see out- put similar to this after an upgrade, then you will need to set up a bootp server as detailed in the following sections. 4 - 21 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 108: Overview

    If you need to set up a TFTP server, as described in Section 4.7.4, the following process is not NOTE necessary at this time. Instead, make inetd re- read its configuration file after setting up your server. 4 - 22 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 109: Adding A Switch Entry In The Bootptab File

    (:) and not a backslash (\). Otherwise, NOTE that line will merge with the next entry, causing your switch to cycle in its attempts to find a bootp server. 4 - 23 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 110 The next step in performing the upgrade is to set up a workstation as a tftpboot server and put the upgrade file (the line indicated by bf in the pre- vious example) there. 4 - 24 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 111: Setting Up A Tftp Server

    Something similar to the following will be displayed: root Jan 27 0:14 inetd where 216 represents the process number of inetd. Enter the following command to make inetd re-read its configuration file: host: kill -HUP 216 4 - 25 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 112 Software Upgrade Instructions 4 - 26 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 113: Troubleshooting

    The flowchart in Figure A.1 illustrates the tests used to check the basic hardware functionality of a FORE Systems adapter, with the adapter card isolated from the network. The tools used to perform the tests are provided by FORE Systems and the computer hardware vendor. Each of the tests, indicated by the diamond-shaped blocks in Figure A.1, is described individually in...
  • Page 114 Reboot the rebooting the running system. system? correctly? Call FORE. Run atmstat -d. fiber Call FORE. Is the physical link bad? Change fiber. Call FORE. Figure A.1 - Adapter Hardware Troubleshooting Flowchart A - 2 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 115: Run Looptest

    This fiber should remain on throughout this test. The looptest utility uses FORE Systems’ ATM user-level Application Programming Inter- face. For proper operation, looptest requires read/write access to the ATM device. To run looptest, enter the following command at the system prompt in the working directory: looptest fa0 where fa0 is the default device name for a single ATM adapter.

  • Page 116: Check Self-Test (Automatically Performed)

    Open the computer as shown in Chapter 2 of the User’s Manual for the adapter, and reseat the board. Reboot the system. If the board still fails after a reseat, then it should be returned for repair. Call FORE Systems’ Technical Support for further assistance. A.1.3 Firmware Download (Automatically Performed) Before operating as an ATM interface, the firmware is automatically downloaded from the system RAM to the onboard i960 processor during host system boot.

  • Page 117: Check Firmware

    Open the computer as shown in Chapter 2 of the User’s Manual for the adapter, and reseat the board. Reboot the system. If the board still fails after a reseat, then it should be returned for repair. Call FORE Systems’ Technical Support for further assistance. A.1.5 Check Firmware...

  • Page 118: Check Physical Link

    Call FORE Systems’ Technical Support for further assistance. If the output shows zeros for all possible values, the firmware may not have been initialized. Try rebooting the system. If there is still a problem, call FORE Systems’ Technical Support for further assistance.

  • Page 119: Testing Network Connectivity Using Pvcs

    The network connectivity test suite, shown in Figure A.3, examines higher level functionality after basic adapter board performance has been verified by passing all the tests and checks shown in Figure A.1. A - 7 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 120 Board hardware OK from tests in Figure A.1. Verify Create an outgoing ATM outgoing ATM ARP cache entry? ARP cache entry. Run atmarp -a. Run atmarp -s. Run atmstat fa0 on remote end when continuously pinging. Run ping IP. Cells and no errors Cells and no errors No cells Cells and VPI/VCI...

  • Page 121: Verifying The Outgoing Atm Arp Entry

    (ping failed). The tests in Figure A.3 also require that if a switch fabric is used, it is a FORE Systems switch fabric on which SPANS has been disabled on both the ports of the switch fabric and on the ATM endstations.

  • Page 122: Atmstat

    The output shown below is typical of the first response from the atmstat fa0 1 command string. Succeeding lines of data continue in the same col- umn format. Refer to the following subsections for a description of each type of failure. A - 10 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 123: No Cells Received By Remote End

    Check the PVC configuration. If it is not set up properly, then correct the PVC and rerun the test. If the PVC is configured correctly and the error persists, call FORE Systems’ Technical Support for further assistance. A.2.2.2 Cells and VPI/VCI Errors Received by Remote...

  • Page 124: Cells And No Errors Received By Remote And Transmitting No Cells

    IP routing problem on the remote host. The network administrator should verify the IP routing. If there is still a problem, then call FORE Systems’ Technical Support for further assistance. A.2.2.5 Cells and No Errors Received by Remote and Transmitting Cells If the remote end is receiving cells with no errors and is transmitting cells in response, then the remote end is OK.

  • Page 125: Collecting Additional Information

    FORE Systems Technical Support. This information should exist either on-line (by redi- recting the output to a file) or in hard copy form.
  • Page 126 198.29.16.54 10892307 204.95.89.0 198.29.16.28 2080 198.29.25.0 192.88.243.19 198.29.26.0 192.88.243.19 2696 198.29.27.0 192.88.243.19 7853 198.29.19.0 198.29.16.85 192.88.243.0 192.88.243.54 9188789 204.120.44.0 192.88.243.19 1677 198.29.28.0 198.29.16.8 87706 198.29.29.0 198.29.16.2 198.29.31.0 198.29.16.75 16417 198.29.23.0 192.88.243.53 122731 A - 14 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 127 FORE Systems Release: ForeThought_3.0.1b (1.20) fa0: esa-200 media=4b5b-100 hw=1.0.0 fw=2.3.0 serial=2 slot=0 atmstat -d fa0 Device statistics: Buffer Allocation Failures Type 1 Type 2 Small Large Small Large Receive Queue Full Carrier A - 15 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 128: Switch Information

    Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Coll 1500 fore gar-eth 1174803 39928 509563 0 107117 ALL-SYSTEMS.MCAST.N 08:00:69:07:e3:93 9188 198.29.38 198.29.38.206 ALL-SYSTEMS.MCAST.N qaa0 9180 fore-sw 198.29.22.206 qaa1*9180 none none 8304 loopback localhost 32072 32072 ALL-SYSTEMS.MCAST.N A - 16 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 129 19:08:15 137784 user 140 up 19:08:15 140569 148928 140 up 02:44:38 1046 M 193732 140 up 19:08:15 1297 M 455400 user 140 up 19:06:57 138800 1046 M CTL user 80 up 19:08:13 A - 17 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 130 169.144.64.85 0 auto (a) down down network auto privUNI 0 uni30(a) up user auto FT-PNNI 169.144.64.232 0 auto (a) down down network auto privUNI 1CTL 0 uni30(a) up down network auto privUNI A - 18 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 131 Loopback Timing Scrambling EmptyCells sts3c sonet none internal on unassigned sts3c sonet none internal on unassigned sts3c sonet none internal on unassigned sts3c sonet none internal on unassigned sts12c MM sonet none unassigned A - 19 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 132 0x58 none internal unassigned 0x58 none internal unassigned 0x58 none internal unassigned configuration port j2 show Port LineLength Loopback Timing short none network short none network short none network short none network A - 20 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 133: Scp Diagnostics

    SRAM. The chips are saved before testing each one and then restored. However, if a power failure would occur or if the switch were rebooted during the test, some of the data may not be restored properly. B - 1 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 134: Accessing The Monitor Mode

    [offset] - download using Xmodem ps [address] - single step through program, skipping procedure calls st [address] - single step through program go [address] - go from start, or continue from breakpoint B - 2 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 135 - test Flash chip <chip> test-serial - test Serial Port test-sram - test SRAM test-timer - test Timer test-all - test all devices, except Flash and SRAM test-manufact - test all devices B - 3 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 136: Running The Hardware Tests

    “BAD” on the display LED. If any of the tests fail, contact FORE Systems’ Technical Support. The following subsections depict an example of how to perform each test through the serial port and the SCP’s confirmation message to the terminal connected to the serial port that the...

  • Page 137: Dram Chip Test

    =>test-flash Flash Test Save Chip 0 Erase Chip Pattern 0 Erase Chip Pattern 1 Erase Chip Pattern 2 Erase Chip Pattern 3 B - 5 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 138: Flash Chip Test

    =>test-fc 1 Save Chip 1 Erase Chip Pattern 0 Erase Chip Pattern 1 Erase Chip Pattern 2 Erase Chip Pattern 3 Flash: OK B - 6 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 139: Serial Port Test

    This series of tests checks the functionality of all of the hardware devices in the SCP, except the FLASH chips and SRAM. It takes about fifteen seconds to run. =>test-all Clock: OK DRAM: OK Ethernet: OK Timer: OK }Serial: OK B - 7 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 140: Complete Hardware Test

    =>test-manufact Clock: OK DRAM: OK Ethernet: OK Timer: OK }Serial: OK SRAM: OK Flash Test Erase Chip Pattern 1 Erase Chip Pattern 2 Erase Chip Pattern 3 Flash: OK B - 8 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 141: Scp-Asxha Diagnostics

    - show the value of the short at addr sint <addr> - show the value of the int at addr erase-flash - Erase entire FLASH memory erase-fc <chip> - Erase FLASH chip <chip> B - 9 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 142: Diagnostics

    The switch will also be rebooted after testing is completed. Test switch board 1 [n]? By entering n or pressing the RETURN key, the switch will return with the prompt. B - 10 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 143 SCP Diagnostics By entering y, this will cause a sequence of tests to run on the ASX-200. A test that completes correctly will be reported as “ok”. If any of the tests report “failed”, contact FORE Systems’ Technical Support. Test switch board 1 [n]? y Did init_symbol_table Testing board control logic ......
  • Page 144 SCP Diagnostics B - 12 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 145: Hardware Specifications

    ForeRunner ATM Network Modules C.1 ForeRunner ATM Switches FORE Systems offers a complete line of ATM switches that provide scalable ATM connectivity ranging from desktop-to-desktop connections to those spanning wide area networks. ForeRun- ner ATM switches provide high-performance, high-reliability ATM connectivity for LAN workgroup and desktop applications, LAN backbone applications, and LAN/WAN internet- working applications.

  • Page 146: Forerunner Asx-200

    801-2, Level 3; Radiated Susceptibility - IEC 801-3, Level 2; and Electrical Fast Transient Compatibility (EMC) - IEC 801-4, Level 2 Operating Temperature 0°C to 40°C up to 5,000 ft Operating Humidity 0 to 95% relative humidity, non-condensing C - 2 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 147: Forerunner Asx-200Wg

    5°C to 40°C up to 10,000 ft Operating Humidity 10 - 90% relative humidity, non-condensing Storage Temperature -40°C to 70°C up to 30,000 ft 5 to 95% relative humidity, non-condensing Storage Humidity C - 3 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 148: Forerunner Asx-200Bx

    5°C to 40°C up to 10,000 ft Operating Humidity 10 - 90% relative humidity, non-condensing Storage Temperature -40°C to 70°C up to 30,000 ft Storage Humidity 5 to 95% relative humidity, non-condensing C - 4 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 149: Forerunner Asx-1000

    5°C to 40°C up to 10,000 ft Operating Humidity 10 - 90% relative humidity, non-condensing Storage Temperature -40°C to 70°C up to 30,000 ft Storage Humidity 5 to 95% relative humidity, non-condensing C - 5 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 150: Forerunner Atm Network Modules

    Hardware Specifications C.2 ForeRunner ATM Network Modules The ForeRunner LAN and WAN network modules are the physical ATM port interface cards that provide LAN/WAN connectivity to other ATM switches, ATM-compatible desktop com- puters and servers, hubs, routers, multiplexers, and carrier ATM services. Currently, network modules are available to provide ATM connections ranging from 1.5 Mbps to 622 Mbps over...

  • Page 151: 155 Mbps Oc-3C/Stm-1 Mm Module

    (FERF), Yellow Alarm, Bit Interleaved Par- ity errors (Line BIP-24, Section BIP-8, Path BIP-8), Header Check Sequence (HCS) errors Compliance ATM Forum STS-3c UNI v3.1, ITU-T I.432, ANSI T1E1.2/93-020, T1S1/92-185, ITU-T G.957, Bellcore TR-NWT-000253 C - 7 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 152: 155 Mbps Sts-3C/Stm-1 Utp Module

    (FERF), Yellow Alarm, Bit Interleaved Par- ity errors (Line BIP-24, Section BIP-8, Path BIP- 8), Header Check Sequence (HCS) errors Compliance ATM Forum STS-3c UNI v3.1, ITU-T I.432, ANSI T1E1.2/93-020, T1S1/92-185, Forum AF-PHY-0015.000 C - 8 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 153: 155 Mbps Utp Pinout Specifications

    5 UTP crossover cable with the following specifications: • Pin 1 to pin 7 in both directions. • Pin 2 to pin 8 in both directions. 155 Mbps UTP 155 Mbps UTP C - 9 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 154: 622 Mbps Oc-12C/Stm-4C Mm Module

    (Line BIP-24, Section BIP-8, Path BIP-8) errors, Header Check Sequence (HCS) errors, cells received (RxCells), cells transmitted (TxCells) Compliance ATM Forum AF-PHY-0046.000, ITU-T I.432, ANSI T1E1.2/93-020, T1S1/92-185, ITU-T G.957, Bellcore TR-NWT-000253 C - 10 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 155: 1.5 Mbps Ds1 Module

    Of Frame events (OOF), Header Check Sequence (HCS) errors, cells received (RxCells), cells transmitted (TxCells), signal/clock detec- tion, and AIS indication Compliance ATM Forum AF-PHY-0016.000, ANSI/Bellcore T1.102, T1.107, T1.408, TR-TSY-000009, ITU-T G.703, G.704, G.804 C - 11 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 156: 1.5 Mbps Ds1 Circuit Emulation Services Module

    Of Frame events (OOF), Header Check Sequence (HCS) errors, cells received (RxCells), cells transmitted (TxCells), signal/clock detec- tion, and AIS indication Compliance ATM Forum 94-0033R8, ANSI/Bellcore T1.102, T1.107, T1.408, TR-TSY-000009, ITU-T G.703, G.704, G.804 C - 12 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 157: Ds1 Pinout Specifications

    Signal Pin Number Signal Name Mnemonic Receive Data + Receive Data - Not Used Transmit Data + Transmit Data - Not Used Not Used Not Used C - 13 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 158: Mbps E1 Module

    (FER), Far End Block Errors (FEBE), CRC error events, Header Check Sequence (HCS) errors, cells received (RxCells), cells transmitted (TxCells), signal/clock detection, and AIS indi- cation Compliance ATM Forum AF-PHY-94-0422 R5, ITU-T G.703, G.704, G.804, I.432 C - 14 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 159: E1 Pinout Specifications

    E1 network modules have a standard RJ-45 female connector that uses RJ-48C CPE pinouts as illustrated in the table below: Signal Pin Number Signal Name Mnemonic Receive Data + Receive Data - Not Used Transmit Data + Transmit Data - Not Used Not Used Not Used C - 15 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 160: Mbps J2 Module

    (FER), CRC error events, Header Check Sequence (HCS) errors, cells received (RxCells), cells transmitted (TxCells), signal/clock detec- tion, and AIS indication ATM Forum AF-PHY-0029.000, NTT Technical Compliance Reference of Cell Relay Interface v1, ITU-T G.703, G.704, G.804 C - 16 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 161 (default) or network Loopbacks Receive loopback Impedance 100 ohms Statistics/Alarms Header Check Sequence (HCS) errors, cells received (RxCells), cells transmitted (TxCells), and symbol errors ATM Forum 25.6 Mbps specification AF-PHY- Compliance 0040.000 C - 17 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 162 C.2.9.2 Connecting Switches with Token Ring Pinouts to ForeRunner Switches Although FORE Systems’ Switches use the 1, 2, 7 and 8 pin assignment recommended by the ATM Forum, some switches use pins 3, 4, 5 and 6. Connecting one of these switches to a Fore- Runner Switch would require the connections to be mapped as follows: •...
  • Page 163 The cable used in the connections shown in Section C.2.9.2 and Section C.2.9.3 must be either NOTE a UTP-3 or UTP-5 bidirectional crossover cable, with 8-pin male RJ-45 modular connectors at each end. C - 19 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 164 (FER), P-bit and C-bit errors, header check sequence (HCS) errors, cells received (RxCells), cells transmitted (TxCells), signal/clock detec- tion, code violations, bit errors, parity errors, and AIS indication Compliance ATM Forum AF-PHY-94-0406 R5, ITU-T G.703, G.751, G.832, G.804 C - 20 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 165 (FER), P-bit and C-bit errors, header check sequence (HCS) errors, cells received (RxCells), cells transmitted (TxCells), signal/clock detec- tion, and AIS indication Compliance ATM Forum DS3 UNI v3.1, ANSI/Bellcore T1.102, T1.107, TR-TSY-000009 C - 21 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 166 (FERF), Yellow Alarm, Bit Interleaved Par- ity errors (Line BIP-24, Section BIP-8, Path BIP-8), Header Check Sequence errors (HCS) Compliance ATM Forum STS-3c UNI v3.1, ITU-T I.432, ANSI T1E1.2/93-020, T1S1/92-185, ITU-T G.957, Bellcore TR-NWT-000253 C - 22 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 167 (AIS), Far End Receive Failure (FERF), Yellow Alarm, Bit Interleaved Parity errors (Line BIP-24, Section BIP-8, Path BIP-8), Header Check Sequence errors (HCS) ATM Forum STS-3c UNI v3.1, ITU-T I.432, ANSI Compliance T1E1.2/93-020, T1S1/92-185, ITU-T G.957, Bellcore TR-NWT-000253 C - 23 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 168 (FERF), Yellow Alarm, Bit Interleaved Par- ity errors (Line BIP-24, Section BIP-8, Path BIP-8), Header Check Sequence errors (HCS) ATM Forum STS-3c UNI v3.1, ITU-T I.432, Compliance ANSI T1E1.2/93-020, T1S1/92-185, ITU-T G.957, Bellcore TR-NWT-000253 C - 24 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 169 (Line BIP-24, Section BIP-8, Path BIP-8), Header Check Sequence errors (HCS), cells received (RxCells), cells transmitted (TxCells) Compliance ATM Forum STS-12c UNI v3.1, ITU-T I.432, ANSI T1E1.2/93-020, T1S1/92-185, ITU-T G.957, Bellcore TR-NWT-000253 C - 25 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 170 Hardware Specifications C - 26 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 171 Backward Explicit Congestion Notification BECN Bit Error Rate Bursty Errored Seconds Border Gateway Protocol B-ISDN Inter-Carrier Interface. B-ICI Bit Interleaved Parity Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network B-ISDN Broadband ISDN User’s Part B-ISUP Acronyms - 1 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 172 Digital Access and Cross-Connect System DACS Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA Data Country Code Data Communications Equipment Digital Cross-connect System Destination End Station DXI Frame Address Data Link Connection Identifier DLCI Acronyms - 2 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 173 Generic Cell Rate Algorithm GCRA Generic Flow Control High Density Bipolar HDB3 High Level Data Link Control HDLC Header Error Control High Performance Parallel Interface HIPPI High-Speed Serial Interface HSSI Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP Acronyms - 3 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 174 Maximum Cell Loss Ratio MCLR Minimum Cell Rate Maximum Cell Transfer Delay MCTD Management Information Base Media Interface Connector Message Identifier Multimode Fiber Optic Cable Motion Picture Experts Group MPEG Multiprotocol over ATM MPOA Acronyms - 4 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 175 Programmable Read-Only Memory PROM Primary Reference Source Packet Switched Network Payload Type Permanent Virtual Circuit (or Channel) Permanent Virtual Channel Connection PVCC Permanent Virtual Path Connection PVPC Queuing Delay Quality of Service Acronyms - 5 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 176 Scalable Processor Architecture Reduced instruction set Computer SPARC Synchronous Payload Envelope Smart PVC SPVC Signaling System No. 7 Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol SSCOP Service Specific Convergence Sublayer SSCS Straight Tip, or Stick and Turn Synchronous Transfer Mode Acronyms - 6 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 177 Virtual Path Connection Virtual Private Data Network VPDN Virtual Path Identifier Virtual Path Link Virtual Private Network Virtual Path Terminator Virtual Source/Virtual Destination VS/VD Virtual Tributary Wide-Area Network Zero Byte Time Slot Interchange ZBTSI Acronyms - 7 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 178 ALPHA COPY Acronyms Acronyms - 8 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 179 Address Prefix - of one or more ATM addresses. The procedure by which a client associates a LAN destination with the Address Resolution - ATM address of another client or the BUS. Glossary - 1 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 180 ATM Layer Manage- Assigned Cell - ment entity (ATMM-entity). a FORE program that repeatedly displays the state of the switch and its active ports. asxmon - Glossary - 2 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 181 ATM Management Interface (AMI) - trol software (SCS). AMI lets users monitor and change various operating configurations of FORE Systems switches and network module hardware and software, IP connectivity, and SNMP network management. a virtual channel connection (VCC) or a virtual path connection ATM Peer-to-Peer Connection - (VPC) directly established, such as workstation-to-workstation.
  • Page 182 T-carrier facilities in the public network while allowing 64 Kbps clear channel data. Strings of eight consecutive zeroes are replaced by an eight-bit code representing two inten- tional bipolar pulse code violations (000V10V1). Glossary - 4 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 183 (IE). Indicated by ATM end user in SETUP message for ATM transport BCOB-X (Bearer Class X) - service where AAL, traffic type and timing requirements are transparent to the network. Glossary - 5 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 184 A 3 or 4 digit code in the initial address message identi- Carrier Identification Parameter (CIP) - fying the carrier to be used for the connection. a FORE program that manages virtual channels on a ForeRunner switch running asxd. cchan - Glossary - 6 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 185 ATM node processing delay. A path or circuit along which information flows. Channel - Glossary - 7 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 186 Frame Relay Services (FRS) is committed to transfer under normal conditions. The rate is averaged over a minimum increment of time. A form signaling in which a group of circuits share a sig- Common Channel Signaling (CCS) - naling channel. Refer to SS7. Glossary - 8 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 187 64 kbytes long. peer entities with a lower layer connection among them. Corresponding Entities - a FORE program used to manage virtual paths on a ForeRunner switch running asxd. cpath - Glossary - 9 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 188 DTE issuing RTS. generally user devices, such as terminals and computers, that Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) - connect to data circuit-terminating equipment. They either generate or receive the data carried by the network. Glossary - 10 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 189 Internet num- Domain Name Server - bers. It allows users to telnet or FTP to the name instead of the number. Glossary - 11 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 190 SNMP agent is integrated into the physical hardware and software of the unit. A logical network initiated by using the mechanisms Emulated Local Area Network (ELAN) - defined by LAN Emulation. This could include ATM and legacy attached end stations. Glossary - 12 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 191 Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - networks. related to Generic Flow Control, fairness is defined as meeting all of the agreed Fairness - quality of service requirements by controlling the order of service for all active connections. Glossary - 13 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 192 The way in which information is controlled in a network to prevent loss of data Flow Control - when the receiving buffer is near its capacity. a FORE Systems routing and signalling protocol that uses pri- ForeThought PNNI (FT-PNNI) - vate ATM (NSAP) addresses; a precursor to ATM Forum PNNI (see PNNI).
  • Page 193 A bipolar coding method that does not allow more than 3 con- High Density Bipolar (HDB3) - secutive zeroes. An ITU-TSS link layer protocol standard for point-to- High Level Data Link Control (HDLC) - point and multi-point communications. Glossary - 15 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 194 Hub - FORE's interface cards for the LAX-20 LAN Access Switch, designed to connect I/O Module - Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI LANs to ForeRunner ATM networks. the world's largest technical profes- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) - sional society.
  • Page 195 In a Class C network, the first three numbers are the network address, the last number is the local host address. The following table summarizes the classes and sizes: Class First # Max# Hosts 1-126 16,387,064 129-191 64,516 192-223 Glossary - 17 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 196 International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications (ITU-T) - member countries whose task is to define recommendations and standards relating to the international telecommunications industry. The fundamental standards for ATM have been defined and published by the ITU-T (Previously CCITT). Glossary - 18 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 197 Layer Service - layer entities at the boundary between that layer and the next higher layer. Glossary - 19 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 198 Local Area Network (LAN) - meters or less. Because the network is known to cover only a small area, optimizations can be made in the network signal protocols that permit higher data rates. Glossary - 20 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 199 MAU, which can be built into a station or can be a separate device, performs physical layer functions including conversion of the digital data from the Ethernet interface, collision detec- tion, and injection of bits onto the network. Glossary - 21 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 200 This pulse dispersion sometimes limits the distance over which a MMF link can operate. a function within a layer that interleaves the information from multiple connec- Multiplexing - tions into one connection (see demultiplexing). Glossary - 22 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 201 ATM port interface cards which may be individually added to or removed Network Module - from any ForeRunner ATM switch to provide a diverse choice of connection alternatives. Defined as the set of actions taken by the network to moni- Network Parameter Control (NPC) - tor and control traffic from the NNI.
  • Page 202 Hewlett-Packard's network management software. OpenView - a cell that contains ATM LM information. It does not Operation and Maintenance (OAM) Cell - form part of the upper layer information transfer. Glossary - 24 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 203 CBR transmissions, PCR determines how often data samples are sent. In ABR transmissions, PCR determines the maximum value of the ACR. entities within the same layer. Peer Entities - a local-bus standard created by Intel. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) - Glossary - 25 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 204 Equipment on one side of the point of demarcation is the responsibility of the customer. Equipment on the other side of the point of demarcation is the responsibility of the carrier. Glossary - 26 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 205 (semantic and syntactic) that determines the communica- Protocol - tion behavior of layer entities in the performance of the layer functions. Glossary - 27 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 206 LAN Emulation Server. a function of a layer by means of which a layer entity receives data from a corre- Relaying - sponding entity and transmits it to another corresponding entity. Glossary - 28 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 207 A subfield carried in SETUP message part of ATM endpoint address Domain Selector (SEL) - specific Part (DSP) defined by ISO 10589, not used for ATM network routing, used by ATM end systems only. Glossary - 29 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 208 Internet electronic mail protocol used to transfer Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) - electronic mail between hosts. the Internet standard protocol for managing Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) - nodes on an IP network. Glossary - 30 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 209 Glossary FORE Systems' proprietary signalling Simple Protocol for ATM Network Signalling (SPANS) - protocol used for establishing SVCs between FORE Systems equipment. Fiber optic cable in which the signal or light propagates in a single Single Mode Fiber (SMF) - mode or path.
  • Page 210 Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) - a body of standards that defines all aspects of trans- Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) - porting and managing digital traffic over optical facilities in the public network. Glossary - 32 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 211 Stations with Token Ring - data to send must have the token to transmit their data. Glossary - 33 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 212 Glossary a program that displays the topology of a FORE Systems ATM network. An topology - updated topology can be periodically re-displayed by use of the interval command option. the calls being sent and received over a communications network. Also, the packets Traffic - that are sent on a data network.
  • Page 213 “RVAX*2,S,” to a physical or numbered address. the physical and electrical demarcation point between the User-to-Network Interface (UNI) - user and the public network service provider. Glossary - 35 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 214 Control Plane functions. The Virtual Path Switch relays the cells of a Virtual Path. a system that unbundles the VCs of a VP for independent pro- Virtual Path Terminator (VPT) - cessing of each VC. Glossary - 36 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 215 “1’s density” in order to keep the individual subchannels of a mul- tiplexed, high speed facility active. A technique used to achieve transparency in bit-oriented protocols. A zero Zero-Bit Insertion - is inserted into sequences of one bits that cause false flag direction. Glossary - 37 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 216 Glossary Glossary - 38 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 217 LEDs (model B) ..1 - 26 extended mode ..... . . 3 - 2 Index - 1 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

  • Page 218: Monitor Mode

    ..... . . 2 - 10 modem configuration ....2 - 10 Index - 2 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 219 ASX-200BX ....C - 4 upgrading to Mini Loader . . . 4 - 7 ASX-200WG ....C - 3 Index - 3 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...
  • Page 220 ......2 - 2 VME BM LED ......1 - 5 Index - 4 ForeRunner ATM Switch User’s Manual...

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