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SmartTrunk Systems SmarTrunk II System Overview

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SmarTrunk II

System Overview

Revision 9
March 2004
Benelec Pty Ltd
Unit 2 / 581-587 Gardeners Rd
Mascot NSW 2020
T : +61 2 93647000 F: +61 2 93647099 E:david@benelec.com.au

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Summary of Contents for SmartTrunk Systems SmarTrunk II

  • Page 1: System Overview

    SmarTrunk II System Overview Revision 9 March 2004 Benelec Pty Ltd Unit 2 / 581-587 Gardeners Rd Mascot NSW 2020 T : +61 2 93647000 F: +61 2 93647099 E:david@benelec.com.au...
  • Page 2 In 1994, a second- generation system was introduced, SmarTrunk II, with more features and a faster, more secure digital signaling protocol. Since then, SmarTrunk II has become an industry standard radio trunking protocol in more than 98 countries.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Wireless Solutions Supported by SmarTrunk II ..............9 System Requirements ....................10 Section 3 • Types of Calls and Methods of Operation ....11 Using SmarTrunk II For Radio Dispatch Applications ........11 Mobile to Group Call ....................... 11 Mobile to Mobile Private Call ..................12 Mobile Operator Call ......................
  • Page 4 Optional Features ......................38 Section 7 • Frequently Asked Questions ........39 Appendices ................43 Appendix A - The SmarTrunk II Logic Board Compatibility Chart ....44 Appendix B - SmarTrunk System Application Notes (SANS) ......50 Appendix C - SmarTrunk vs. LTR ..............52...

  • Page 5: Section 1 • Things You Always Wanted To Know About Trunking

    SECTION Things You Always Wanted to Know About Trunking… Introduction This section is directed to the system owner who is considering converting conventional 450 MHz repeaters to trunked operation. Perhaps you are an operator of shared community repeaters who would like to achieve higher customer loading (and greater profits) from your existing system.
  • Page 6 System Overview Queues Clerks Single Queue Clerks Figure 1 - Which kind of line would you prefer to stand in?

  • Page 7: Rules Regarding Vhf And Uhf Trunking In The United States

    1 • Things you always wanted to know about trunking… Rules Regarding VHF and UHF Trunking in the United States The FCC has authorized the use of “centralized” trunked systems for where at least one frequency must have VHF and UHF frequency bands a Protected Service Area (PSA).

  • Page 8: Centralized Vs. Decentralized Trunking Systems

    Unlike centralized trunking systems, decentralized (scan based) systems such as SmarTrunk II do not require exclusive channels. Because the channel selection intelligence is in the mobiles, decentralized systems can co-exist with conventional users on the same channels. When a call is initiated by a mobile unit, the channel assignment is determined by the logic in the mobile, not by a controller at the repeater site.

  • Page 9: Section 2 • System Highlights

    SECTION System Highlights SmarTrunk II is a decentralized two way radio trunking system that is widely used both for telephone interconnect and business dispatch applications at frequencies below 800 MHz. First introduced in 1994, SmarTrunk II combines a proprietary digital signalling format with existing two way radio technology—creating a communications system that is low cost, yet...

  • Page 10: System Requirements

    The base station equipment required for each channel consists of a SmarTrunk II controller connected to a standard VHF or UHF radio repeater. For telephone interconnect applications, the controller is also connected directly to a standard telephone line via a RJ-11 jack.

  • Page 11: Section 3 • Types Of Calls And Methods Of Operation

    SECTION Types of Calls and Methods of Operation Using SmarTrunk II For Radio Dispatch Applications Mobile to Group Call EQUENCE OF EVENTS 1. Mobile subscriber presses the PTT (Push To Talk) button to initiate a group call to the subscriber’s own group. Alternatively, mobile sub- scriber enters desired group number followed by routing code 3 and * on the radio keypad.

  • Page 12: Mobile To Mobile Private Call

    System Overview Mobile to Mobile Private Call EQUENCE OF EVENTS 1. Mobile subscriber enters desired subscriber number followed by routing code 3 and * on the radio keypad. 2. Mobile radio searches for an idle channel and signals an available controller.

  • Page 13: Using Smartrunk Ii For Telephone Interconnect Applications

    3 • Types of Calls and Methods of Operation Using SmarTrunk II for Telephone Interconnect Applications Mobile to Telephone (Landline) Call EQUENCE OF EVENTS 1. Mobile subscriber dials desired telephone number followed by routing code 1 and * on the radio keypad.

  • Page 14: Telephone (Landline) To Mobile Call

    System Overview Telephone (Landline) to Mobile Call EQUENCE OF EVENTS 1. Telephone user dials the phone number of the landline connected to a controller. 2. Controller answers the call with two beeps. Telephone user dials desired mobile subscriber number (1-5 digits). PSTN 3.

  • Page 15: Section 4 • Smartrunk Ii Controller

    SECTION SmarTrunk II Controller The heart of the SmarTrunk II Sys- tem is the ST-853 SmarTrunk II Digital Trunking Controller which performs all signalling and trunking functions, including subscriber validation and call record accounting. The ST-853 features a communications databus linking all the channels at a single site, an expanded memory for sub- scriber and call accounting records and many other new features and functions that have been requested by SmarTrunk system operators throughout the world.

  • Page 16: Expanded Capacity

    System Overview Expanded Capacity An ST-853 system can support up to 4,096 individual subscribers or groups. In addition, most features are programmable on a per subscriber basis, such as the mobile activity timer, telephone line access, courtesy beep and expanded toll restriction options. Each controller can store up to 4,500 call records.

  • Page 17: Greater Ease Of Programming

    4 • SmarTrunk II Controller Greater Ease of Programming The programming software for the ST-853 is a menu driven, PC based application which offers much more power and flexibility than the internal software used to program the previous controller. User-friendly programming software supports off-line programming.

  • Page 18: Options And Accessories

    System Overview Options and Accessories 502-3501 Users Guide and Programming Software - Complete documentation and PC-DOS programming software required for installing, aligning and programming the ST-853 controller. One P/N 502-3501 is required for each system. ST-910 CTCSS Decoder Option - A miniature CTCSS decoder which may be added to the ST-853 controller to provide additional protection from intermod or co-channel interference.

  • Page 19: Section 5 • Smartrunk Ii Logic Boards With Omni™ Features

    SmarTrunk II Logic Boards with Omni™ Features The other key component of the SmarTrunk II system is a miniature logic board which installs inside the mobile or portable radio equip- ment. These logic boards are custom designed for each radio and control all the signaling and trunking functions, including scan, PTT, and monitor.

  • Page 20: Multiple Ptt Groups

    System Overview In order to access a SmarTrunk II site, the subscriber must be programmed as a valid user by the system operator of the site. Channel Banks may also be used to access conventional channels. When a subscriber selects a Channel Bank programmed with conventional channels, the radio automatically enters into the conventional mode.

  • Page 21: Multiple Receive Groups

    5 • SmarTrunk II Logic Boards with Omni Features Multiple Receive Groups The Multiple Receive Groups feature enables system users to receive individual calls and/or calls placed to several different groups. “The Block Decode Function”: In logic boards without the Omni feature set, a subscriber can receive only individual calls and calls placed to one group.

  • Page 22: Turbo Speedial

    System Overview Turbo SpeeDial™ The Turbo SpeeDial feature offers one-touch speed dial. Subscribers may program up to four telephone or subscriber numbers which may be dialed by pressing a single button on the keypad, either A, B, C or D. Note: Exact features, including the number of Channel Banks available, may vary from radio to radio.

  • Page 23: Section 6 • Beyond The Simple "Controller Only" System

    The ST-510 Network Switch is compatible with the ST-853 SmarTrunk II controller and all SmarTrunk II Omni logic boards. This makes it possible for SmarTrunk II system operators to expand their existing systems without having to add new controllers, repeaters, or subscriber radios.

  • Page 24: St-510 Components

    System Overview The ST-510 also adds valuable features to the basic SmarTrunk II protocol: • Multi site Roaming • No Routing Digit required • Sharing of PSTN lines • Larger Call Record database • More customer profiles available • More Subscriber ID codes •...

  • Page 25: System Operation

    • Interoperability radio gateway SYSTEM OPERATION (BRIEF EXAMPLE) When a call request arrives at a SmarTrunk II controller, a short data packet will be sent from the controller’s RS-232 data port to the ST-422 board which serves as the switch gate for that controller. This packet is processed by the main ST-510 CPU and software, which decodes all information such as sub- scriber number, required service, etc.

  • Page 26: System Requirements

    SmarTrunk System; however, a new firmware EPROM is required for each controller. Each local SmarTrunk II controller is connected to the local ST-510 switch by two links: an RS-232 data cable and an audio link from the controller’s line 1 TELCO port to the audio port of the ST-422 board assigned to that controller.
  • Page 27 • Multiple ST-510 Switches: Larger networks may use multiple ST-510 switches, requiring only one low speed data bus (from 4800 baud) to link the switches. As with the single switch scenario, this service allows customers to locate any subscriber in the entire network simply by dialing the subscriber’s number.
  • Page 28 System Overview Call Forwarding If a mobile subscriber is out of range or away from his radio, he may choose to have incoming calls forwarded to another radio, a PABX extension, or to any PSTN number. When an incoming call arrives for the subscriber, the ST-510 automatically intercepts the call and re-directs it according to the subscriber’s instructions.
  • Page 29 Subscriber Toll Restriction The ST-510 maintains a full profile in memory for each user radio. One of the fields of this profile is used for toll restriction, which can be implemented in one of two ways: • List the restricted numbers •...
  • Page 30 System Overview A service provider may allow each subscriber to periodically check certain usage data so that there are no surprises at the end of the billing period. By dialing 311*, the system will dictate, by voice response, all the usage for any radio, including details such as air time used, minutes of local or international calls, and the amount of the subscriber’s credit balance.
  • Page 31 Dispatch Consoles The dispatch console is a common PC connected directly to an ST-510 or one or more on a network. With this software, the dispatcher can make high- speed calls, monitor calls, receive calls (radio or landline), do dynamic re- grouping, call up pre-programmed emergency routines.
  • Page 32 System Overview For some security applications is it very important to keep a log of all calls into the system. If this option is desired, an additional package is available which includes extra DSP ports and software. Any call into the network will be re- corded and a database will be created with a register of each call, including: •...

  • Page 33: Smartrunk Ii Upgrades

    Automatic Routing Path In a normal SmarTrunk II system, the user must dial a routing digit for certain calls, e.g., 1* for a PSTN/PABX call; 3* for mobile-to-mobile, etc. With the ST-510, routing digits are not required because the system is able to recognize different numbering plans and automatically route each call accord- ingly.
  • Page 34 Larger users Capacity A normal SmarTrunk II system is limited to 4,096 users per site. With the ST- 510, up to 320,000 users can be activated on the network.
  • Page 35 Local & remote management The ST-510 includes a Windows based management software package which ® can be run locally on a PC at any site, or remotely. In addition to adding new users, this software can be used to maintain and report high-level technical information such as peak period usage, system usage by channel, system loading by site, grade of service, balance of traffic between channels, etc.

  • Page 36: Network Interconenction

    System Overview NETWORK INTERCONNECTION Networking over E1/T1 link The Figure below shows a standard method to link multiple ST-510’s using a shared or fractional E1/T1 link. At the ST-510, there is only one data connec- tion for the Roaming Bus and in this example, four simultaneous audio ports that may be multiplexed by a digital MUX and inserted into the E1/T1 scheme.

  • Page 37: Linking To Remote Areas

    LINKING TO REMOTE AREAS The ST-100N Multiplexer is used to link any remote ST-853 trunking controller/repeater combination and the ST-510 switch. One ST-100N is required per remote channel. The ST-100N converts data and audio to and from the ST-853, to a signal, which can be carried by the equivalent of a 2- wire voice grade audio circuit.

  • Page 38: Optional Features

    System Overview OPTIONAL FEATURES Many of the features and services of the ST-510 Network Switch require optional hardware, software, and/or operating firmware. In most cases, these features are customized to meet the exact requirements of the specific application. The features below are options that can be added to an ST-510. •...

  • Page 39: Section 7 • Frequently Asked Questions

    “centralized” to described a trunking system which utilizes a dedicated control channel to provide mobile control. Since the SmarTrunk system does not utilize a dedicated control channel, we have chosen to call SmarTrunk II a “decentralized” or “Scan-Based” system.
  • Page 40 As such, it is highly immune to “hackers” and unauthorized system users. Although proprietary, SmarTrunk II is available for a wide range of radio models from ten different radio manufacturers. Therefore, unlike some other trunking formats, you are not “locked in” to a single source for radio infrastructure or subscriber equipment.
  • Page 41 Q. What equipment is required to program the SmarTrunk II controllers and logic boards? The ST-853 SmarTrunk II controller is programmed with a PC compatible computer, using a DOS program available from SmarTrunk. (Mobile radio logic boards are programmed from the radio keypad or, in some cases, from a PC in conjunction with the radio programming software).
  • Page 42 System Overview Q. Can the SmarTrunk system operate in a co-channel environment? Yes. In fact, this is one of the key advantages of the SmarTrunk II protocol. Due to the de-centralized system control concept, the system utilizes a distributed control method which is available on any channel in the system.

  • Page 43: Appendices

    Appendices Appendix A ... SmarTrunk II Logic Board Compatibility Chart Appendix B ..SmarTrunk System Application Notes (SANS) Appendix C ..SmarTrunk vs. LTR Appendix D ..Simplified Customer Numbering Plan Appendix E ..ST-510 Wide Area Network Switch SmarTrunk Systems, Inc.
  • Page 44 The following table lists the model numbers of each of the radios compatible with SmarTrunk II. Also described are key features which apply to each radio in addition to the model number of the SmarTrunk II logic board required for operation.

  • Page 45: Smartrunk Systems, Inc

    PORTABLE RADIOS Compatible FCC Frequency Radio No.Of Feature Conven. Install SmarTrunk Radio Model No. Band Duplex Chan. Oper. Ease Model No. (MHz) Alinco DJ-195 136-174 Half Basic/ 2 Banks Flexible EJ-38D 400-470 Alinco DJ-196 136-174 Half Omni/2 Banks Flexible EJ-39D 400-470 Alinco DJ-680 Tx 150-174...
  • Page 46 Appendix A • SmarTrunk II Logic Board Collection PORTABLE RADIOS (continued) Compatible FCC Frequency Radio No.Of Feature Conven. Install SmarTrunk Radio Model No. Band Duplex Chan. Oper. Ease Model No. (MHz) Motorola GP-68 150-174 Half Basic Flexible ST-865M3 403-520 Motorola P1225...
  • Page 47 MOBILE RADIOS Compatible FCC Frequency Radio No.Of Feature Conven. Install SmarTrunk Radio Model No. Band Duplex Chan. Oper. Ease Model No. (MHz) Alinco DR-130 136-174 Half Basic Limited ST-868-02 Alinco DR-135 136-174 Half Omni/5 Banks Flexible EJ-39D 400-470 Alinco DR-430 400-470 Half Basic...
  • Page 48 Appendix A • SmarTrunk II Logic Board Collection MOBILE RADIOS (Continued) Compatible FCC Frequency Radio No.Of Feature Conven. Install SmarTrunk Radio Model No. Band Duplex Chan. Oper. Ease Model No. (MHz) Kenwood TK-762G 136-162 Half Enhanced Flexible ST-865KW4 148-174 Omni 8 Banks...
  • Page 49 The ST-869 Radio/Telephone interface allows a standard telephone, fax machine, or modem to be used within a SmarTrunk II system. Telephone instruments are connected to the ST-869 through an RJ-11 interface. The Voice Operated Transmission (VOX) circuitry of the ST-869 supports telephone and fax machine operation using a half duplex radio.

  • Page 50: Appendix B - Smartrunk System Application Notes (Sans)

    SmarTrunk II conversation. This option is useful in systems susceptible to co-channel noise. Normally, once a SmarTrunk II call has been initiated by a valid user, the ST-853 controller switches the repeater to open carrier squelch operator. This means the repeater will re-transmit any signal it receives throughout the SmarTrunk II conversation.
  • Page 51 System Overview Traffic Analysis for SmarTrunk II Systems SAN #1006 presents charts, theory and analysis to help SmarTrunk II system operators analyze the trade-offs between the number of users, the number of channels and the percent of time a user will receive a busy signal.

  • Page 52: Appendix C - Smartrunk Vs. Ltr

    Appendix C - SmarTrunk vs. LTR Because of its system security, flexibility, and low cost, the SmarTrunk II Digital Trunking System has become the world leader for trunked radio applications at VHF and UHF frequencies. But in the Americas, customers often ask how SmarTrunk II compares with LTR (Logic Trunked ®...
  • Page 53 Since the VHF and UHF spectrum is heavily populated in many countries, obtaining a clear channel may not be an option. With SmarTrunk II, all of the channels in the system may be shared with co- channel users since all the mobiles in the system automatically monitor for a foreign carrier before selecting a channel.
  • Page 54 Appendix C • SmarTrunk vs. LTR Selective Calling One of the key features of the SmarTrunk II system is the ability to make private calls to another mobile user. Unlike many LTR systems, all SmarTrunk II users are identified with an individual subscriber number as well as a group subscriber number.
  • Page 55 Secondly, SmarTrunk II is an “overlay” system, which means that existing repeaters and most popular conventional radios can be converted to SmarTrunk II on a retrofit basis (see Appendix A). By contrast, the LTR system uses dedicated LTR radios, so the system operator is forced to scrap his existing conventional equipment and make a substantial new investment in radios.
  • Page 56 System Overview SmarTrunk II vs. LTR Comparison Table The following table summarizes some of the major similarities and differences between SmarTrunk II and LTR. Feature/Specification SmarTrunk II Type of voice modulation Analog Analog Subscriber equipment Conventional two way radios Specialized LTR subscriber radios...

  • Page 57: Appendix D - Smartrunk Network Diagram

    SmarTrunk Systems, Inc.

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