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Summary of Contents for Cutting Edge Unity AM
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Cutting Edge Unity AM Broadcast Processor Cutting Edge Technologies 2101 Superior Avenue Cleveland, OH 44114 • USA (216) 241-3343• Fax (216) 241-4103 Manual Version: Preliminary AM (4.0.0) Jan 1995...
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For the majority of our customers, the Unity AM has made a big difference right off the bat. But I’d be lying if I told you that, just by installing the Unity AM, your station would immediately be far and above all the rest.
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Duffy, Quincy Jones, Bernie Kosar, Dorothy Fuldhiem, Billy Joel, Roxette, Chief Wahoo, Dire Straits, Jack Barnes, Steve Pepe, Wickliffe Sr. High, and the many, many individuals who helped make this project a reality! Kindest Regards, Frank Foti Jan 1995...
As much as we understand your excitement, we ask you to please try to demonstrate some self- control. This manual is designed to first introduce you to the capabilities of the Unity AM and then clearly instruct you on its installation and operation. (Unlike most other manuals, large sections don’t even require you to be sitting in front of the product.) We hope you will take the time to read the manual.
Setting pre-emphasis Rear panel connections Setting de-emphasis Operation The obvious The LCD display The jog wheel and buttons Security The real time clock Orientation to the Main Menus Setting the Unity AM input levels Setting the Unity AM output levels...
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The Processing Display Input level meters Wide Band AGC display Level indicators Limiter indicators Display Interpretations Processing Presets Loading factory presets Before you make adjustments to the presets Modifying and adding presets Loading user added presets Updating user added presets Deleting user added presets Renaming user added presets Main Menu Reference...
Introduction A little history Like most of us with a passion for radio, Frank Foti started young. He was six years old when he first dismantled and successfully reassembled his AM/FM radio. (His father is a little vague about how many radios he took apart before he figured out how to put them back together.) By the time he was a teenager, Frank was building Heathkits in his basement and, as a high school senior, designed and built his own stereo system.
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Frank left Malrite in June of 1988 to create his own company and called it Cutting Edge Technologies. More traveling, more consulting, and more research in the basement. Frank knew what kind of processor radio demanded. And in 1994, he delivered it. The Unity AM. Just what the world needs, another audio processor Next to the fates and fortunes of local sports teams, nothing causes more arguments at radio stations than processing.
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The bottom line was that the world did need another audio processor. A device that has an open, accurate sound over the full range of processing. It took Frank a long time to get the Unity AM right. The proof that he got it right is the way the Unity AM sounds.
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• And now the Unity AM, is being accepted by large numbers of users. You won’t find the Unity AM on the air at every station. But at the stations where it is installed, you will find engineers, programmers, and managers happier than ever with their on-air sound.
The Unity AM presents extensive set-up metering in the Processing Display. At all times, you can see the activity of all processing functions so that you can determine the overall effect of any changes you make.
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Unlike the use of conventional equalizers, there is no exaggeration of the upper low frequency range causing the bass to sound unnatural and “tubby.” 4) The Selectable Matrix Processing Option allows the Unity AM to operate in either discrete left/right or matrixed L+R/L-R processing for AM Stereo broadcasting. For detailed explanation about matrix processing please refer to the technical description in the back of this manual.
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The processing display on the front panel of the Unity AM shows the state of all leveler bands. Each leveler band also has the intelligence to wait or cease operation if the incoming audio level is correct for that moment.
Limiter. Special Features All of the Unity AM’s features can be accessed by an IBM compatible computer through the Serial Communications port. With a modem connected to the computer, you can control the Unity AM from virtually anywhere. Compare processing settings in your home or even your car to get know how your station will sound in the real world.
Sonic integrity is maintained in both frequency response and group delay/harmonic response. A key important feature to the sound of the Unity AM is the unique Linear Response Algorithm (LRA). This function provides intelligent high frequency control before the insertion of pre-emphasis.
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The figure on the next page expands our concept of maintaining a high peak to average ratio to help you further understand a basic philosophy behind the Unity AM. Consider, if you will, the audio signal as it exists at the output of your audio console. Generally it is of wide dynamic range.
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Feedforward Control Vital to the great sound of the Unity AM is our use of feedforward control circuitry in all the dynamic processing functions, i.e., the Wide Band AGC, Multiband Levelers, and Multiband Limiters. This enables the processing ratio to remain constant across all levels of processing. By using feedforward control, the Unity AM will always operate at the same processing ratio, providing a wider range of operation.
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The Unity AM utilizes feed forward control which aids in creating its natural unprocessed sound. As you can see from the figure below, when using a feedback gain processing technique the control circuits develop the control information after the audio has passed through the gain element.
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In the past, such analog circuitry usually was very unstable, cumbersome, and costly and could cause inconsistency within the processing circuits. Since this dB linear function is performed digitally in the Unity AM, simple, consistent, and reliable operation is achieved.
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5% increments. Keep an open mind The Unity AM, is a different kind of processing system. We realize that many of your views on audio processing are based upon your experiences with products with which you have previously worked.
Are there any you want to avoid? If you are installing the Unity AM on evaluation, it is equally important to have a list of specific factors you are going to use to make your comparison.
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4) Operating Levels This is another simple area where trouble can develop. Make sure the input and output levels of the Unity AM are at the operating at the proper level within your system. (Did you know that operating a processor with insufficient level into an STL system will cause loss of modulation and loudness? I only mention it, because we’ve seen it happen more than a...
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“weird” in their headphones. If this happens, then the relative phase of the Unity AM is 180 degrees different than what your announcers are used to. To remedy this, just reverse the polarity to both of the inputs on the Unity AM. Mounting and connections Before rack mounting the Unity AM, review all items in this section.
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Before going on to the next step, be aware sophisticated microprocessor controlled products like the Unity AM do not like to be zapped by static electricity. Please take all required precautions to create a static free environment before opening the Unity AM.
Rear Panel Connections AC connection AC power is applied to the EIC style connector. The Unity AM will operate from 100 to 240VAC. Voltage selection is made using the jumper located in the fuse compartment of the AC connector assembly. The default voltage shipped by the factory is 120VAC. We may have changed the...
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Slide out the small circuit card with the jumper on it. Locate, on the top of the board, the voltage to which you want to set the Unity AM. Orient the jumper so that it points in the direction opposite that label.
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When, or where is either of these options applied? The answer is determined by what type of system follows the Unity AM. If any portion of the following system does not employ ANY form of pre- emphasis, then the first option can be used. Applications might be: final limiting before power...
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The second option must be used in any application that will utilize sort form of emphasis. This would include: broadcast applications where land lines or some form of STL must be connected to a second party stereo coder/modulator that will provide pre-emphasis. Any satellite uplink or digital converter that uses an emphasis technique for improved S/N ratio.
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L+R/L-R configuration. Accomplishing this is as easy as changing two jumpers on circuit board #2 inside the Unity AM. Refer to the following diagram for jumper placement. Once this option is activated, the outputs of the system will provide L+R and L-R signals. The L+R output will be present out of the Left output connector, and L-R will appear on the Right output connector.
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Unity AM operates with only one crossover network. When the second patch point on the Interface Port is used, the wide band audio that is returned to the Unity AM must be band split again. We have accommodated this by providing an additional crossover network on the limiter circuit board. The crossover points will exactly mirror those that you will chose in the Leveler section a few chapters from now when we finally let you play with the processing parameters.
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Unity AM, you have fewer than you had before! Put the cover back on the Unity AM and place it back into service. When you do you processing set up, be sure to review the instructions for setting the return level from your external device to the Limiter inputs.
If the day of week, date, and time are not on the display, it is because the internal clock of your Unity AM has not yet been set. We will...
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A this point you may be getting a little impatient. You’ve been reading this manual for a long time and you have yet to run audio through the Unity AM. Hang in there, because we will get to the good stuff in just a few more sections.
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Changing Password Security Levels The first time you power-up your Unity AM, the Password Security Level will be set to 0. To access the Change Password Sub-menu, press the Enter button. Next to the text, NEW LEVEL, the number 0 will appear, reverse highlighted, in a box on the screen.
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you are not at the Home Screen, press the Escape button until you are.) A list of sub-menus will appear. Turn the jog wheel until the Systems Options Sub-menu is highlighted. When it is, press the Enter button and you will now see the sub-menu. From the Systems Options Sub-menu, locate the Passwords Sub-menu and turn the jog wheel until it is highlighted.
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Passwords only provide security if you use them. Distribute passwords only to station personnel only when they must have access to Unity AM functions. Instruct everyone with a password to return the Unity AM to Level 0 after they have finished working with it so that it is again in its most secure state.
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The Real Time Clock For the Unity AM to be able to schedule processing events, the Real Time Clock must be set. The format of the clock, which is displayed in the Status Section of the LCD display is the day of the week, date, and time of day.
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For the purpose programming Daylight Savings Time, think of Sunday as the first day of the week. Using our US example, we will program the Unity AM to turn on Daylight Savings Time on the first day (Sunday) in the first week during April and restore standard time on the first day (Sunday) in the fifth week during October.
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Main Menu appears. Let’s move from the Leveler Main Menu. The Unity AM saves you steps by allowing you to navigate directly between any two Main Menus. Press the Clipping button. We are now looking at the Main Menu choices for the Clipper.
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Input Level Meters are multicolored. At higher inputs, the level meters will show red at the top of the scale. Proper input levels for the Unity AM should have the first and second red meter indicators light on peaks approximately 50% of the time. With a +4dBm input, this should occur when the input ranges on the Menu and Parameter Section of the LCD screen are at 50%.
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At this time, take some time to Select the other Main Menus of the Unity AM. We recommend that you do this to get a feel for the operation of the Unity AM. Try to avoid changing too many of the setting just yet, but do not worry if you do. After the next section, which describes the...
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Each display section shows the activity of the Leveler and Limiter for that frequency band. Input Level Meters These meters show the input audio level of the Unity AM as we have just previously explored. Wide Band AGC Display The display for this processing section has three vertical parts. In the center, is a meter showing the activity of the 20dB of RMS platform leveling by indicating how much the processor is increasing or decreasing the audio above or below unity gain.
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Each of the four sets of Leveler indicators are identical and display information on a particular frequency band. These band are determined by the Unity AM’s crossovers which are user adjustable. Each Leveler indicator has three sections. In the center, is a vertical meter showing the activity of the 15dB of RMS platform leveling by indicating how much the processor is increasing or decreasing the audio above or below unity gain in the particular frequency band.
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RMS energy compared to higher levels of PEAK energy. In relation to the processing displays on the Unity AM, program material that has low dynamic range, high RMS and low PEAK levels, will create more action on the LEVELER sections and less activity on the LIMITER sections.
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LIMITER section operates, it must quickly grab the signal, reduce the level within the proper operating range, and then return the level to normal as long as another PEAK signal, that needs limiting, does not occur. PEAK energy must be detected and adjusted in a fast and accurate manner, while at the same time not interfere with the sonic integrity of the audio signal.
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These processing presets have been developed by Frank Foti and others at Cutting Edge based on years of processing experience. We feel that for most stations the Unity AM, right out of the carton, is able to improve your station’s sound through the use of these presets. Of course, we leave our arsenal of processing tools totally at your disposal for you to create and store up to 50 custom settings of your own.
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Escape key.) The Unity AM is now processing for the format you have selected. You will need to set your output modulation in the Discrete Output Menu, but at this point you should be able to go on the air! If you want to work with the Unity AM off the air, you may make initial adjustments using the audio output as it will indicate the effects of all of the Unity AM’s processing.
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When you get it where you like it, STOP! Nothing more said! Take your time with the Unity AM. You have a great deal of processing power at your finger tips. In order for you to become “sonically” comfortable, you should learn the limits of each function. Try making changes in different operating levels.
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Non-volatile RAM prevents the Unity AM from loosing any settings during power up, power down, or power outage conditions. When a power interruption does occur, the Unity AM will restore previous settings within 2 seconds of power being restored.
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To save your modified the preset, turn the jog wheel until SAVE is highlighted and press the Enter button again. To load the preset, make certain the preset is highlighted, and press the Enter button. At this point you will see the words LOAD, SAVE, DELETE, and RENAME appear on the right side of the screen. Turn the jog wheel until LOAD is highlighted and press the Enter button.
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Continue the naming process using the jog wheel and Enter button. When you have completed naming your preset, you must inform the Unity AM that you have reached the last character. To do so, turn the jog wheel until the carriage return symbol (ø) appears after the last character of your preset name.
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Input Level Sub-menu The right and left input gain of the Unity AM are individually adjusted from this sub-menu. All Unity AM units are shipped with the input levels set at 50% and may be adjusted. Changing the input levels using the Input Levels Sub-menu is discussed in an earlier section of the manual.
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Generally the Wide Band AGC should be left on. Only when you are certain that the levels you are sending to the Unity AM are extremely consistent should you turn the Wide Band AGC off. . Since the Wide Band AGC actually turns itself off, automatically, when not required, there is no benefit to taking it out of service.
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Bass Enhance The selectable and adjustable low frequency Bass Enhancer circuit provides a deep, full, and rich texture to the bass line. This is not just another low frequency equalizer. This section provides up to a 12dB boost to the bass frequencies as well as the harmonic rich sub-bass region. The enhancement scheme used here generates that deep, rich, and full low end that is sought after by so many contemporary programmers.
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To adjust the Mix Levels, use the jog wheel to select the Mix Levels Sub-menu in the Leveler Menu. Press the Enter button. Use the Select buttons to highlight the first Mix Level you wish to modify. Use the jog wheel to adjust the bar graph to the desired level. Again use the Select buttons to highlight other Mix Levels you wish to modify.
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Limiter attack times are: LOW: 10ms & greater MID: 10ms & greater PRESENCE: 5ms & greater HIGH: 1ms & greater Release This sets the release time for the limiter stage and is adjustable for all four bands. Faster release times correspond to higher numeric readings on the bar graph.
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Limiter Mix Levels The peak limited output for each band can be adjusted or mixed in relation to the other three. You can also look at this as an individual drive for the Clipper stage that follows. Turning the output level of particular band up will increase the drive for that frequency range to the clipper.
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NOTE: If it is observed that the level of positive modulation is not increasing, and the negative modulation is increasing, the output polarity of the Unity AM is reversed. To correct, flip the polarity of the audio connection to the transmitter.
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All is not lost! Within the Unity AM is an adjustment that will provide compensation to offset tilt that can be generated by the transmitter. By creating a pre-distortion signal that is exactly opposite of the distortion created by the transmitter, tilt can be reduced, if not eliminated.
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Presets are discussed in a previous section of the manual. Day-part List Another featured benefit of the Unity AM is the ability to Day-part Process. It allows the system to select different audio processing presets at specific dates and times that are scheduled by the user.
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jog wheel displays ? SMTWTFS. The LCD now displays SMTWTFS 00:00:00 FORMAT, with the current date and format in use. In the default mode, every day is selected. To select the day(s) of the week you would like to event to occur, specific days can be turned on and off by using the jog wheel.
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Installation and usage of the remote software for the Unity AM is covered in a later section, but very soon! The Unity AM supports RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 interfacing. The pinout description at the front of this manual provides interconnect information.
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C ON NE CTO R TO UN ITY C ON NE CTO R TO C OM PUTER M ODEM RS-232 SERIAL CABLE CONFIGURATION DB-9 TO DB-9 C ON NE CTO R TO UN ITY C ON NE CTO R TO C OM PUTER M ODEM RS-232 SERIAL CABLE CONFIGURATION DB-9 TO DB-25 The Serial Communications Sub-menu is used to establish the operating parameters of the Unity...
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at the 1200 or 2400 baud rate. If the baud rate of the Unity is set at a rate greater than the maximum of the modem, the communication with the modem will not work! Clock The Clock Sub-Menu is described in a previous section of the manual. This sub-menu controls your view of the LCD display.
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Select button to highlight YES and press the Enter button. All Day-part Events are now erased. Re-Init System This re-initializes (or resets or reboots) the Unity AM operating system. This restores all settings to the factory defaults. In doing so, you will erase all of your custom programming and processing settings.
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TECHNICAL DESCRIPTIONS T h e T e c h n i c a l D e s c r i p t i o n s a r e d i v i d e d u p i n t o t h e f i v e f o l l o w i n g c a t e g o r i e s : m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r , d i g i t a l a l g o r i t h m , s i g n a l p a t h , s i g n a l p r o c e s s o r s , a n d t h e s t e r e o g e n e r a t o r .
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i n t e r f a c e s w i t h P I A U 7 0 6 . W i t h r e g a r d t o t h e F r o n t P a n e l , a l l d i s p l a y i n f o r m a t i o n f o r t h e L C D a n d L E D b a r g r a g h s , a l o n g w i t h t h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e k e y p a d i s f a c i l i t a t e d v i a t h e s y s t e m d a t a b u s s a n d f i r s t f o u r a d d r e s s l i n e s .
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s e p a r a t e l y . U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e n o t e d , t h e L e f t C h a n n e l s i g n a l f l o w w i l l b e e x p l a i n e d .
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T h e r e s h o u l d n o t b e a n y d i f f e r e n c e t o t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e m a t e r i a l . WB-AGC T h e n e x t s e c t i o n i s t h e W i d e B a n d A G C ( W B - A G C ) .
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o u t p u t o f U 1 0 6 B w i l l g o l o w. A s l o n g a s t h e s y s t e m i n n o t i n t h e G A T E m o d e , t h e o u t p u t o f U 1 0 6 C s h o u l d a l s o b e l o w .
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t h e m a i n a u d i o s i g n a l . M o d u l e # 2 i s a l o w p a s s f i l t e r w i t h g a i n . T h e o u t p u t s o f t h e s e f i l t e r s a r e s u m m e d a t U 1 1 5 B .
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cross-over located on board #3. This is set in software so that discrepancies between the cross-over sections can not occur. Since these cross-over designs are phase linear, using one or more of them has little or no effect on the overall group delay to the audio signal. Thus, maintaining good sonic integrity to the system.
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The output of this module is a very precise controlled amplitude signal. U603 and U604, along with associated components form a phase linear 7th order low pass filter. With a cut-off frequency of 9.2 kHz and an elliptical response, the NRSC 10 kHz bandwidth is achieved. Due to the phase linearity of the filter, and prior overshoot control of the GIBBS MODULE, overshoot of the final filter is kept to a minimum.
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u n i t y . S e c o n d , a n y o t h e r p r o c e s s i n g a d j u s t i n g t h a t w a s h a p p e n i n g , i s d e f e a t e d a s N O R g a t e s U 3 0 5 a n d U 3 0 6 a r e p u t i n a l o w s t a t e .
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p l a c e . T h i s i s t h e W A I T f u n c t i o n o f t h e p r o c e s s o r . I n t e g r a t i o n a m p l i f i e r U 3 0 2 B c r e a t e s a f a s t e r c o n t r o l s i g n a l a s c o m p a r e d t o t h e s i g n a l g e n e r a t e d b y U 3 0 1 A .
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. In Case of Difficulty Should you encounter problems with the Unity AM, do not fret! Most problems can be diagnosed with the following Troubleshooting Guide. If you are experiencing problems right out of the box, make sure that the unit was delivered in good condition.
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UNITY TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE UNIT DOES NOT “BOOT” (screen is blank) + problem with micro-controller PCB #1 - bad PCB connection - bad EPROM, U703 on PCB #1 - bad RAM, U704 on PCB #1 - bad CPU (80C188), U701 on PCB #1 - bad UART (82050), U708 on PCB #1 - bad “Watchdog”...
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+ clipper/filter failure PCB #8 - this can be confirmed if signal is present at input to PCB #8 + loss of ramp generator signal on PCB #9 - this would cause all AGC sections to shut off + loss of signal through the audio path of system - check signal from input through each board - #2, #3, #6, #8 DISTORTED OUTPUT + check processor settings...
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APPENDIX Unity-AM Remote Software Improved remote operation of the Unity-AM-AM is made available through the serial communication port. When connected to a host computer, the remote operation of the front panel has been enhanced with new features like remote processing metering, upload/download capabilities, and a dialing directory.
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Software Installation The software is supplied in both 3 1/2” and 5 1/4” disk formats. For faster operation, it is recommended that the program be installed on a hard disk, although the program will run directly off the floppy disk as well. If installing on a hard disk, create a directory where the program will reside. May we suggest a directory named Unity-AM? If so, use the DOS Make Directory command to create the directory.
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<Enter> Local This enables communication with the Unity-AM by direct connection between a computer and the processor by way of a serial cable operating as a null modem. From the setup screen, connection can be established by pressing the <ENTER> key on the computer. F1 Dial When connecting via modem, pressing the F1 key will activate the modem and dial the telephone number assigned.
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Setting up and using the dialing directory is quite simple. Four options are provided to Add New Number, Change Number, Delete Number, and Load Number. The bottom of the diagram indicates these options. Add New Number Pressing A will begin the Add New Number process. A field will open up requesting a Unity-AM Location.
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To load a selection to dial, press L. The screen will ask for a selection number to be entered. Press the desired location number. Notice that on the dialing directory, the selected location is now highlighted. This confirms the selected location is set to dial. If finished with the directory, press the <Enter> key. This will return to the setup screen.
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most conditions, this function should not be used, and thus be left in the OFF mode. Establishing Communication Set the options just described for the remote software. Make sure that the baud rate is set to the same rate as the Unity-AM. If operating in the LOCAL/DIRECT mode, it is recommended to set the baud rate to 9600.
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protocol. Any serial cable that “connects through” pins #1 and #4, from end to end, probably will not work with a modem. Any connection to a modem must use ONLY pins #2, #3, and #5 of the serial comm DB-9 connector! Refer to the following diagram for proper connector pinout configuration. ADDITIONAL NOTE: All units are shipped from the factory setup for use with the RS-232C protocol.
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display the additional menu screens. Pressing the <Esc> key will terminate the connection and end the Unity-AM remote program. The menu bar will be present at the bottom of all menu screens. At this time try making some adjustments. From the initial connection the Leveler menu screen should be displayed, the Left Input Level should be highlighted.
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UNITY-AM Location: WCET Options Version: 4.00 (C) 1995 A) Download Unity Settings to Disk B) Upload Settings from Disk to Unity C) Clear All Entries from the Dialing Directory F1 Leveler F2 Limiter F3 Clipping F4 Preset F5 Daypart F6 Other F7 Refresh F8 Metering On <Esc> Quit Selecting option A will download all current Unity-AM settings to the computer hard disk.
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Metering will not be indicated in the F4 (Preset), and F5 (Daypart) screens. When the metering function is disabled, the bottom portion of the screen is replaced with status information. Note, that when the meters are on, there is a “line quality” indicator in the lower right-hand corner of the screen.
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PRESET LIST DEFAULT SETTINGS General Presence High Bass Enhance Crossover Frequencies 3019 Leveler Mix Levels Gate Level Limiter Attack Time Limiter Release Time Threshold Levels Limiter Mix Levels Clipper Drive AOR/CLASSIC ROCK General Presence High Bass Enhance Crossover Frequencies 1002 3019 Leveler Mix Levels Gate Level...
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CHR/MODERN ROCK General Presence High Bass Enhance Crossover Frequencies 1002 3019 Leveler Mix Levels Gate Level Limiter Attack Time Limiter Release Time Threshold Levels Limiter Mix Levels Clipper Drive CLASSICAL General Presence High Bass Enhance Crossover Frequencies 1002 3019 Leveler Mix Levels Gate Level Limiter Attack Time Limiter Release Time...
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NEWS TALK General Presence High Bass Enhance Crossover Frequencies 1002 3019 Leveler Mix Levels Gate Level Limiter Attack Time Limiter Release Time Threshold Levels Limiter Mix Levels Clipper Drive SPORTS TALK General Presence High Bass Enhance Crossover Frequencies 1002 3019 Leveler Mix Levels Gate Level Limiter Attack Time...
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BLANK PROCESSING WORKSHEET ITEM General Presence High Bass Enhance Crossover Frequencies Leveler Mix Levels Gate Level Limiter Attack Time Limiter Release Time Threshold Levels Limiter Mix Levels Clipper Drive ITEM General Presence High Bass Enhance Crossover Frequencies Leveler Mix Levels Gate Level Limiter Attack Time Limiter Release Time...
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