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Sunrise telecom SunSet OC Series User Manual

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SUNRISE TELECOM
I N C O R P O R A T E D
SunSet OCx
User's Manual
Sunrise Telecom... a step ahead
302 Enzo Drive San Jose, CA 95138
Sunrise Telecom... a step ahead
Tel: 1-408-363-8000 Fax: 1-408-363-8313
SunSet OCx Rev. D
SA-901 MAN-10870-001 Rev. D

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  • Page 1 I N C O R P O R A T E D  SunSet OCx User’s Manual  Sunrise Telecom... a step ahead 302 Enzo Drive San Jose, CA 95138 Sunrise Telecom... a step ahead Tel: 1-408-363-8000 Fax: 1-408-363-8313 SunSet OCx Rev. D...
  • Page 2 Using the supplied equipment in a manner not specified by Sunrise Telecom may impair the protection provided by the equipment. Copyright 2002 Sunrise Telecom, Incorportated This device uses software either developed by Sunrise or licensed by Sunrise from third parties. The software is confidential and proprietary.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    SunSet OCx User’s Manual Table of Contemts Chapter 1 Initial Setup 1.0 Important Safety Information ......7 1.1.1 Laser Safety ..........9 1.2 Unpacking the SunSet........10 1.3 Service Information ........12 1.3.1 Handling Optical Fiber ......... 12 1.3.1.1 Introduction ..........12 1.3.1.2 Fiber Optic Connectors ......
  • Page 4 Chapter 3 Menus ..........37 3.1 Introduction ............ 37 3.2 Test Configuration........... 41 3.2.1 Configurations ..........44 3.2.2 Test Configuration—Screen 2 ...... 50 3.2.2.1 OC-48c Settings ........53 3.2.2.2 OC-48 Settings ......... 54 3.2.2.3 OC-12c Settings ........54 3.2.1.4 OC-12 Settings ......... 55 3.2.2.5 OC-3c Settings .........
  • Page 5 3.6.5 DS1 Measurements........121 3.7 Sonet Features ..........134 3.7.1 Section Overhead Monitor ......135 3.7.2 Overhead Byte Send ......... 140 3.7.3 Send K1, K2 Bytes ........143 3.7.4 Send S1 Bytes .......... 144 3.7.5 J0 Section Trace Generation ..... 145 3.7.6 POH Monitor ..........
  • Page 6 3.9.4 Quick Test- I and - II ........193 3.9.5 Propagation Delay ........196 3.10 VF/DS0 Features ........197 3.10.1 VF Measurements ........198 3.10.2 View Supervision ........202 3.10.3 Dial/Supervision Setup ......203 3.10.4 Place/Receive Calls ........ 206 3.10.5 Call Analysis ..........213 3.10.6 Noise Measurement ........
  • Page 7 4.4.3 Testing a Multiplexer ........264 4.4.4 Emulating a OC/SONET Multiplexer ..266 4.5 Automatic Protection Switching ....268 4.5.1 Service Disruption ........270 Chapter 5 Reference .......... 273 5.1 Abbreviations ..........273 5.2 Standard Test Patterns ......... 278 5.3 SONET Technology ........282 5.3.1 Introduction ..........
  • Page 8 5.8 Customer Service ......... 330 5.9 Express Limited Warranty ......331 5.10 Specs & Configs ......... 333 5.10.1 Specifications .......... 333 5.10.2 Configurations ......... 346 5.10.2.1 SSOCx ..........346 5.10.2.2 SSOCx-e OC-48 Configurations ..350 Index................. I SunSet OCx Rev. D...

  • Page 9: Important Safety Information

    ONLY with the power switched OFF. Otherwise, software cartridges may become damaged. Power: Use the SS138D AC adaptor only for charging and AC powered operation. It is marked with the Sunrise Telecom Incor- porated logo. Fuses: This unit is equipped with an internal resettable fuse, which is rated to trip at 3.7 amps.
  • Page 10 When bringing the SunSet from an extreme cold to warm environment, allow it to warm for at least 4 hours. Condensation may interfere with the operation of the test set and may result in damage if power is applied. • No operator serviceable parts inside this instrument.

  • Page 11: Laser Safety

    1.1.1 Laser Safety This is a Class 1 laser product per IEC 825-1:1993 and CDRH, 21 CFR 1040. WARNING: Use of controls and procedures other than those specified in this manual may result in exposure to hazardous laser radiation. Unterminated optical connectors may emit laser radiation. Do not view with optical instruments.

  • Page 12: Unpacking The Sunset

    4) Verify that all parts specified on the packing list were received. 5) Complete the Warranty Registration Card and return it imme- diately to Sunrise Telecom or your national distributor. Note: Sunrise Telecom Incorporated must receive your war- ranty registration card in order to provide you with updated software releases.
  • Page 13 SunWare 16 MB INSERT HERE SunSet OCx Serial Number SSSDH008000110 SUNRISE TELECOM I N C O R P O R A T E D 22 Great Oaks Blvd. San Jose, CA 95119 Tel: 1-408-8000 Fax: 1-408-363-8313 Internet: support@sunrisetel.com SUNRISE TELECOM...

  • Page 14: Service Information

    1.3 Service Information In general, handle fiber patch cords and connectors carefully. Always replace dust covers. Keep the optical connectors clean, and make a practice of not looking into fiber ends. The following sections give more specifics. 1.3.1 Handling Optical Fiber 1.3.1.1 Introduction •...
  • Page 15 Bulkhead Adapter Barrel SC Connector Alignment FC Connector Ferrule Sleeve Ferrule Figure 1 Figure 2 SC and FC Connectors end faces touch ferrule of connector B ferrule of connector A alignment sleeve fiber Cross sectional view of two connectors inserted in a bulkhead adapter Figure 2 Figure 3 Cross Section of Connectors •...
  • Page 16 1.3.1.3 Cleaning Fiber optic connectors must be kept clean to ensure long life of the connectors and to minimize transmission loss at the connec- tion point. Sunrise Telecom recommends cleaning at least once a month, and more often when required. Precautions •...

  • Page 17: Customer Service

    • Canned air can do more harm than good if not used properly. Again, follow the directions that come with the kit. 1.3.2 Customer Service Please contact your local distributor or Sunrise Telecom’s Customer Service if you need technical assistance: Customer Service Sunrise Telecom Incorporated 302 Enzo Dr.

  • Page 18: Replacing The Battery Pack

    1.4 Replacing the Battery Pack 1) To remove the battery cover, push down on the cover on the back panel, in the direction indicated by the arrow. Refer to Figure 4. Unclip here Figure 4 Replacing the Battery Pack 2) Pull the SS140 NiMH battery pack off its hook and loop backing, and out of the set.

  • Page 19: Chapter 2 Test Set Description

    Chapter 2 Test Set Description 2.1 Front View Description Refer to Figure 5 for the front view of the SunSet OCx black and white platform. Figure 6 shows the color SunSet OCx platform. Figure 5 SunSet OCx Black and White, Front View Ch.

  • Page 20: Keys

    Figure 6 SSOCx Color, Front View 2.1.1 Keys See Figure 7 for the SunSet OCx keypad. Most SunSet keys perform two distinct operations. The white label on the key indicates what function will be performed if the key is pressed by itself.
  • Page 21 If the keys are not operating as expected, check the SHFT indicator. If the ‘SHFT’ indicator (upper left-hand corner of the screen) indicates the wrong shift status, simply press the SHIFT key again. GRAPH ERR INJ PRINT STATUS HISTORY AUTO LASER SHIFT ENTER...
  • Page 22 : PATTERN Tx CLK : INTERN SIGNAL LEVEL highlighted item LBOLVL 0 dB RxLVL : DSXMON F-key choices 0 dB -7.5 dB -15dB -22.5dB SUNRISE TELECOM Press the desired F-Key; e.g. 0dB = F1 Figure 8 F-Keys SunSet OCx Rev. D...
  • Page 23 PRINT: The print key is used to print any alphanumeric and graphical information appearing on the screen. : The backlight key is used to switch the system backlight off and on. Keeping the backlight off when it is not needed will allow the SunSet to maintain its battery charge approximately 15% longer.
  • Page 24 17:00:46 MUXTEST Tx DS1:1 Tx:QRS Rx DS1:1 Rx:QRS Figure 10 Muxtest Graphic Screen In this MUXTEST setup sample, the mux is represented by the trapezoid. The rates/ports are highlighted at the top of the screen. At the bottom of the screen, see a text description of the rate under test and the test pattern being transmitted (Tx) and received (Rx).
  • Page 25 17:00:46 MUXMODE Tx DS1:1 Tx:THRU Rx DS1:1 Rx:QRS Figure 11 Muxmode Graphic Screen ERR INJ: The ERR INJ key is used to inject errors into the SunSet’s transmitted signal. Errors are injected according to the current settings in the OTHER FEATURES>ERROR INJECTION menu.
  • Page 26 MEAS LASER 15:42:21 AUTOCONFIGURATION STATUS SIGNAL/RATE: SCANNING... SONET/SDH MAPPING T-CARRIER MAPPING: PATTERN: ABORT Figure 12 Auto Config Screen The SunSet OCx will determine the rates and mapping in use, starting with the higher rates and working down. However, if the unit already has proper framing, it will not look for signal in other interfaces and will immediately look for pattern, saving you time.
  • Page 27 MEAS LASER 15:42:21 START: 01-01-15 11:23:50 ET: 00:22:10 RT: CONTINU 1 of 1 BERT BIT :2 11:23:58 BERT BIT :1 11:23:57 BERT BIT :1 11:23:51 PAGE-UP PAGE-DN STOP MORE Figure 13 Status Screen Use the PAGE-UP (F1) and PAGE-DN (F2) keys to scroll through the available screens.
  • Page 28 ENTER: The ENTER key performs three functions: 1) When a menu item is highlighted and the ENTER key is pressed, the SunSet will display the screen for the highlighted menu item. 2) If setups are complete in a data entry screen, pressing ENTER will often return you to the previous menu.

  • Page 29: Leds

    0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9: These keys are used to enter user test patterns and telephone numbers. They can also be used to provide labels for user-defined information. 2.1.2 LEDs The bicolor Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) provide a visual indication for the condition of the received signal.

  • Page 30: Sonet Leds

    BATTERY: Lights green when the battery is being charged. The LED lights red when the SunSet’s power supply voltage has dropped to a low level. Note: Connecting the AC Battery Charger will allow you to use the SunSet indefinitely. However, if you plan to use the SunSet for an extended period of time, it is best to plug the AC Battery Charger in first.

  • Page 31: T3/T1-2 Leds

    ATM CELL No light: The LED is inactive and remains off until the user enters the ATM Functions menu or selects ATM test mode. Green: The test set detects ATM cells, whether or not they have error or pass the receive filters. Red: The test set does not detect ATM cells.

  • Page 32: T1-1 Leds

    ALARM Red: Indicates that an alarm condition is appearing on the received DS3 or DS1 signal from the selected source. ERRORS Red: Indicates that BPV, FBE, P-Bit parity, or C-Bit parity error(s) are currently appearing on the received DS3 signal. No light: Indicates that no BPV, FBE, P-Bit parity, or C-Bit parity errors are appearing on the received DS3 signal.

  • Page 33: Banner Notes

    ERRORS Red: Indicates that BPV, FBE, or CRC, error(s) are currently appearing on the received DS1 signal. No light: Indicates that no errors are appearing on the received DS1 signal. ALARM Red: Indicates that an alarm condition is appearing on the received DS1 signal from the selected source.

  • Page 34: Connector Panels

    2.2 Connector Panels The SunSet OCx has two side connector panels, as shown in the following figures. The right side panel is the same for both the standard and OC-48 versions of the unit. See Figure 14. TX RX T1-1 T1-2 EXT CLK Figure 14 Right Side Connectors...
  • Page 35 SunSet to the circuit. • Insert optical attenuators if required. • Attenuators are available from Sunrise Telecom or from other sources. WARNING : DO NOT STARE DIRECTLY INTO THE OC1/3/12/ 48 PORTS. ON LED: This indicates the power status of the laser. It lights amber when the laser is on.
  • Page 36 Figure 16 Top Panel SERIAL PORT: The serial port is used for sending information to the Sunrise Telecom thermal printer or for operating Remote Control. This port uses an RS-232C DTE configuration with hardware flow control when the 8-pin DIN to 25-pin D-Sub conversion cable is connected.

  • Page 37: Ata Storage Card

    2.3 ATA Storage Card The ATA storage card allows you to store a substantial number of test results. Here are some hints on card usage: • Do not remove the card while the unit is still writing (saving) records. It is best to stop taking measurement results before removing the card in order to ensure this.
  • Page 38 Erasing Records • To permanently erase all of the stored records, reformat the storage card while it is in your PC. • Using the Delete function in the VIEW/PRINT RECORDS will not delete the text files associated with the record. SunSet OCx Rev.

  • Page 39: Chapter 3 Menus

    Chapter 3 Menus 3.1 Introduction The SunSet OCx operates with a menu-driven format. Before you can select a menu item, you must first highlight the desired line using the arrow keys. You can easily recognize a highlighted item, because the surrounding area is darkened while the writing is light-colored.
  • Page 40 Other Features sec. 3.11 DS1 Features sec. 3.9 Error Injection 3.11.1 View Received Data 3.9.1 Alarm Generation 3.11.2 Datalink Control 3.9.2 3.9.2.1 View/Print Records 3.11.3 Bridge Tap Detect 3.9.3 Pulse Mask Analysis 3.11.4 Quick Test I & II 3.9.4 System Configuration Propagation Delay 3.9.5 sec.
  • Page 41 MEAS LASER 15:42:21 SunSet OCx MAIN MENU TEST CONFIGURATION LOOPBACK CONTROL SEND TEST PATTERN MEASUREMENT RESULTS SONET FEATURES DS3 FEATURES DS1 FEATURES VF/DS0 FEATURES OTHER FEATURES PROTOCOL FUNCTIONS ATM FUNCTIONS SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Figure 18 Black and White LCD Main Menu Figure 19 Color Main LCD Menu Screen Use the keypad arrow keys to select the menu you want to access.
  • Page 42 VF testing. Getting Started Turn the unit by pressing the POWER key. The unit will perform a Self Test If you see an error message, please contact Sunrise Telecom Incorporated’s Customer Service department at 1-800-701-5208 (option 1). SunSet OCx Rev. D...

  • Page 43: Test Configuration

    3.2 Test Configuration Before connecting the SunSet to your circuit, you must config- ure the TEST CONFIGURATION items properly. To access the TEST CONFIGURATION screen, press ESC until you return to the main menu. Move the cursor to the TEST CONFIGURATION selection, and press ENTER.
  • Page 44 a particular test. Often times, an intermediary rate must also be configured; for example, select OC-1 as your TEST CONFIGURATION, and DS1 as the PAYLOAD, and you will also have to configure the intermediary DS3 rate. The following table shows the rates and their payloads: SunSet OCx Rev.
  • Page 45 INTERFACE Mapping PAYLOAD OC-48 OC-48c (2.5 Gb) (2.5 Gb) OC-12c (622 Mb) OC-3c (155 Mb) STS-1 STS-1 (52 Mb) (45 Mb) (1.5 Mb) VT1.5 (1.5 Mb) OC-12 OC-12c (622 Mb) (622 Mb) OC-3c (155 Mb) STS-1 STS-1 (52 Mb) DS3 (45 Mb) DS1 (1.5 Mb) VT1.5 (1.5 Mb) OC-3...

  • Page 46: Configurations

    3.2.1 Configurations Here is the TEST CONFIGURATION screen, accessed via the Setup icon or the MAIN MENU: MEAS LASER 15:42:21 TEST CONFIGURATION TEST MODE:PT-PT INTERFACE:OC1 PAYLOAD :DS3 OC-3 PRESS ENTER FOR TEST CONFIGURATION PRESS ESC FOR MAIN MENU PT-PT MUXTest MUXMode Figure 21 Test Configuration, Screen 1 In this screen, configure the test mode and higher-order settings such as the high and low rates and the test payload.

  • Page 47: Point-To-Point Testing

    For Point-to-Point: INTERFACE Options: OC48, OC12, OC3, OC1, STS1, DS3, DS1 Determine the high rate side of your test. PAYLOAD Options: STS48c, STS12c, STS3c, STS1, DS3, DS1, VT1.5; Note that the options available will depend on your INTER- FACE selection. Determine the low rate side of your test.
  • Page 48 Point-to-Point Testing TEST MODE: PT-PT TxSRC: THRU Figure 23 Point-to-Point: TxSRC - THRU Figures 24 and 25 show the TEST CONFIGURATION for MUXTest and MUXMode: MEAS LASER 15:42:21 TEST CONFIGURATION TEST MODE:MUXTest HIGH RATE:OC1 LOW RATE:DS3 MEAS SIDE:OC1 PAYLOAD :VT1.5 OC-3 PRESS ENTER FOR TEST...
  • Page 49 MEAS LASER 15:42:21 TEST CONFIGURATION TEST MODE:MUXMode HIGH RATE:OC3 LOW RATE:DS3 MEAS SIDE:OC1 PAYLOAD :VT15 OC-3 PRESS ENTER FOR TEST CONFIGURATION PRESS ESC FOR MAIN MENU STS1 Figure 25 MUXMode Configuration • ATM is available for OC-48 units. See the ATM User’s Manual for details.
  • Page 50 The following graphics show the differences in how MUXTest and MUXMode work. Note that both the TEST MODE and MEAS SIDE choices determine how the test functions. Testing a Multiplexer TEST MODE: MUXTest MEAS SIDE: High High Rate Rate Figure 26 Test a Multiplexer: MUXTest, MEAS SIDE—High Testing a Demultiplexer TEST MODE: MUXTest...
  • Page 51 Emulating a Multiplexer TEST MODE: MUXMode MEAS SIDE: Low High Rate Rate Figure 28 Emulate a Multiplexer: MUXMode, MEAS SIDE—Low Emulating a Demultiplexer TEST MODE: MUXMode MEAS SIDE: High High Rate Rate Figure 29 Emulate a Demultiplexer MUXMode, MEAS SIDE—High Ch.

  • Page 52: Test Configuration-Screen 2

    PAYLOAD Options: OC12C, OC3c, DS3, VT1.5, DS1; Note that the options available will depend on your platform and LOW RATE selec- tion. The payload may be the same rate as the LOW side, or a signal within that LOW RATE. Note: When you have completed this stage of the Test Configu- ration, press ENTER, which brings you to the second TEST CONFIGURATION screen.
  • Page 53 1310nm 15:42:21 TEST CONFIGURATION TEST MODE:PT-PT INTERFACE:OC3 PAYLOAD :DS1 OC-3 : INTERN TxCLK FRAME SF-D4 : BRDCAST OTHER RATE : 1.544m TxCHN CODE : AMI RxCHN TxSRC : PATRN TxCLK : INTER : C-BIT FRAME SIGNAL LEVEL : DSX TxCHN TxLVL RxCHN RxLVL...
  • Page 54 MEAS 1310nm 15:42:21 TEST CONFIGURATION TEST MODE:PT-PT INTERFACE: OC3 PAYLOAD:STS3c OC-3C TxSRC: PATRN TxCLK: INTERN INTERN T1-Rx2 OC3LOOP Figure 33 OC-3c Configuration Screen In Figure 33, the user is testing an OC-3c. SIGNAL LEVEL Settings The SIGNAL LEVEL section is presented under most rates. Configure as follows.

  • Page 55: Oc-48C Settings

    RxLVL Options: HIGH (F1), DSX (F2), LOW (F3), MON (F4) or TERM (F1), BRIDGE (F2), DSXMON (F3) Determine the received signal level • This level applies to the receive/measure side. • The options depend on your settings. 3.2.2.1 OC-48c Settings Select OC-48 as your INTERFACE and STS48c as your PAYLOAD to configure an OC-48c rate.

  • Page 56: Settings

    3.2.2.2 OC-48 Settings TxCLK Options: INTERN (F1), T1-Rx2 (F2), LOOP (F3) Determine the clock source for the signal transmitted out the OC-48 jack. • Select INTERN to use the internal timing of the test set. • Select T1-Rx2 when a Building Integrated Timing Source is available.

  • Page 57: Settings

    TxCLK Options: INTERN (F1), T1-Rx2 (F2), LOOP (F3) Determine the clock source for the signal transmitted out the OC3 jack. • Select INTERN to use the internal timing of the test set. • Select T1-Rx2 when a Building Integrated Timing Source is available.

  • Page 58: Oc-3C Settings

    3.2.2.5 OC-3c Settings TxSRC Options: PATRN (F1), THRU (F2) (N/A OC-48 unit) Determine the source of the OC-3c signal. • Select PATRN to transmit an STS-3c test pattern in each time slot. This test pattern is configured in the SEND TEST PAT- TERN menu.

  • Page 59: Settings

    on the line; choose AIS (OC-3/12 units) to insert an AIS. • Choose BRDCAST to transmit your selected test pattern on all timeslots simultaneously. This is for out-of-service testing. TxCHN Options: 1 (F1), 2 (F2), 3 (F3) Determine which STS inside the OC-3 will be used for trans- mitting.

  • Page 60: Settings

    • Press NEXT (F1) and/or PREVIUS (F2) to select the desired RxCHN Options: any number from 1—28 Determine which DS1/VT1.5 to receive on. 3.2.2.8 STS-1 Settings TxCLK Options: INTERN (F1), STSLOOP (F2) Determine the transmit clock for the signal transmitted out the STS-1 jack.
  • Page 61 • The Tx and Rx channel should usually be the same, unless you are testing across a 3x1 DCS where the DS1 signal has been switched from one channel to another as it passes through the DCS. SIGNAL LEVEL Notes TxLVL Options: HIGH (F1), DSX (F2), LOW (F3) TxLVL sets the transmit signal level.

  • Page 62: Ds3 Settings

    3.2.2.9 DS3 Settings TxCLOCK Options: INTERN (F1), DS3LOOP (F2) Determine the clock source for the signal transmitted out the DS3 jack. • Select INTERN to use the internal timing of the test set. • Pressing DS3LOOP uses the timing signal received on DS3 Rx as the clock source for the DS3 transmit signal.
  • Page 63 RxCHN Options: any number from 1—28 Determine which DS1 inside the DS3 to receive on. • As you change the TxCH, the RxCH will also correspondingly change. To select a different receive channel, cursor to RxCH, and use the NEXT (F1) and/or PREV (F2) to select the desired DS1.

  • Page 64: Vt1.5 Settings

    3.2.2.10 VT1.5 Settings VT1.5 is the lowest rate virtual tributary; a signal designed for transport and switching of sub-STS-1 payloads. One VT1.5 may transport one DS1 signal. Hence the settings are the same as the DS1 settings. FRAME Options: UNFRM (F1), SF-D4 (F2), ESF (F3), SLC-96 (F4) •...
  • Page 65 It is not always possible to determine the line coding of a circuit. For instance, an all 1s signal will mask the presence of B8ZS coding. Be sure you choose this setting correctly. An incorrect AMI/ B8ZS setting is the most common problem in setting up the test set to transmit to switches, channel banks, multiplexers, and digital cross connect systems.

  • Page 66: Ds1 Settings

    3.2.2.11 DS1 Settings T1 may be either a payload, a single line under test, or two lines under test. Select SINGLE in the MEASURE field to configure to test a single line. Choose DUAL to test two DS1 lines. Refer to Figure 34 for a sample T1 Single screen, and Figure 35 for the T1 Dual screen.
  • Page 67 The following items are available for configuration in the T1 modes. Note that a few items specific to only the DS1 DUAL screen are included at the end of this section. MEASURE Options: SINGLE (F1), DUAL (F2) Determine whether one or two lines will be under test. •...
  • Page 68 16:21:10 Nx64 TIME SLOT SELECTION RATE: 192K RECEIVE TRANSMIT AUTO SELECT UN-SEL CLR-ALL Figure 36 Fractional T1 Screen To select the channels: • To have the set automatically configure itself to the fractional T1 channel, press (F1) for AUTO . The test set performs this auto configuration by looking for the 7F or FF idle code, eliminating the unused channels.
  • Page 69 CODE Options: B8ZS (F1), AMI (F2) Determine the line code which is to be transmitted on the test set's DS1 signal. 1) B8ZS (Bipolar 8 Zero Substitution) uses intentional BPVs to encode strings of eight consecutive zeros. 2) AMI (Alternate Mark Inversion) uses alternating positive and negative pulses to represent successive 1 values.
  • Page 70 such as a hi cap T1 loop, PBX, or remote terminal of a digital loop carrier • The 5 ppm accuracy of the INTERNal clock is sufficient • Most kinds of loopback testing is performed DS1 received timing, received from a DS1 source plugged in at Line 1 (Rx-1, F2) or at Line 2 (Rx-2, F2) should be used when: •...
  • Page 71 has isolated the MON signal from the live signal with a high impedance circuit. The transmitter is turned on and is sending the selected test pattern. This mode is useful because the DSX monitor jack protects the live signal from any possible disruptions caused by the testing process.
  • Page 72 TxLBO (applies to both lines in DUAL Mode) Options: 0 dB (F1), -7.5 dB (F2), -15 dB (F3), -22.5 dB (F4) This item determines the Line Build Out (TxLBO) appearing on your transmitted T1 signal. Line Build Out is used to stress test a line by attenuating the dB to a certain level.

  • Page 73: Loopback Control

    3.3 Loopback Control 15:42:21 LOOPBACK CONTROL DS1 LOOPBACK CSU/NIU EMULATION DS1 REPEATER HDSL LOOPBACK DS3/DS1 STUFF BIT DS3/DS1 C-BIT FEAC DS3 C-BIT FEAC Figure 37 Loopback Control Menu LOOPBACK CONTROL may be entered from the MAIN MENU or via the Setup icon. •...

  • Page 74: Ds1 Loopback

    3.3.1 DS1 Loopback • You must have a DS1 PAYLOAD. • See the following figure. MEAS LASER 15:42:21 DS1 LOOPBACK MODE : LOOP-UP TYPE : IN-BAND CODE OC-3 100000 Figure 38 DS1 Loopback Screen Basic Loopback Procedure 1) From the LOOPBACK CONTROL menu, select the DS1 LOOPBACK item.
  • Page 75 3) Choose the desired CODE. • The CODE will depend on the TYPE of loopback selected. • IN-BAND loopbacks will have a code of either CSU, NI (also known as a smart jack), 100000. ESF-DL loopbacks will have a code of either LINE, PAYLOAD, or NETWORK. •...

  • Page 76: Csu/Niu Emulation

    4) Choose LOOP-UP (F1) to loop the circuit up before testing. • Choose LOOP-DN (F2) to loop the circuit down once the testing is complete. 5) Once the loopback operation is finished, you will see a mes- sage on the screen, confirming that the operation was suc- cessful.
  • Page 77 Use this procedure: Configure the TEST CONFIGURATION menu as: TEST MODE: PT-PT INTERFACE: DS1 single or dual FRAME: as appropriate RATE: 1.544M CODE: as appropriate TxSRC: PATTERN TxCLK: TERM TxLBO: as appropriate RxLVL: N/A • Press ENTER when your settings are correct. 2) ENTER LOOPBACK CONTROL.

  • Page 78: Ds1 Repeater

    eliminated as they pass through the payload loopback. Once the payload loopback has been invoked, the PLPBK command will be replaced with the UNPLB (F3) command. In this case, pressing F3 will undo the loopback. 7) When you are finished with the session, press ESC and you will return to the main menu.
  • Page 79 SPAN CTRL line shows which span control function is currently in process or has just been completed. The exact F-key commands presented to you will depend on whether the test set is configured for SF framing or ESF framing. The basic difference is that in one case you will see ARM-INB (arm in-band) and in the other you will see ARM-DL (arm data link) and UNARMDL (unarm data link).
  • Page 80 Line Repeater Procedures To control a line repeater using SF framing, you may perform the following functions: 1) Arm the office repeater and all the line repeaters on the span by pressing F1 for ARM-INB. Arming is required before the repeaters will actually loop up.
  • Page 81 Office Repeater Procedures There are few differences between controlling a line and an office repeater. The differences are in the SPAN CONTROL functions. • When the RPTR TYPE is 31xx-56 or 31xx-80, POWR-DN replaces PWR-QRY for (more, F2). • When the RPTR TYPE is TELTREND, POWR-DN replaces PWLPQRY for (more, F2), UNIVLDN replaces PWCUTTH for (more, F3), and DUAL-LB replaces UNIVLDN for (more, F3).
  • Page 82 allow NIU loop up code to pass through from the customer premises toward the DSX. This situation arises when you are testing from the customer premises and want to loop back an NIU that is on the other end of the circuit. First you have to send NIU loop up (ARM-INB) code.

  • Page 83: Hdsl Loopback

    3.3.4 HDSL Loopback This feature allows you to test High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) spans with the SunSet OCx. The HDSL LOOPBACK screen contains a graphic which updates according to circuit status. 1. From the main menu or Setup icon, enter LOOPBACK CON- TROL.
  • Page 84 In some cases, the HTU-R can be configured to react to Smartjack loopback commands, in which case the loop could be from the HTU-R instead of an NIU. However, in most cases an NIU is connected after an HTU-R. 21:10:05 HDSL NETWORK LOOPBACK TIME-000:47 STATUS...
  • Page 85 UNARMIN: Un Arm In band sends a disarming code in-band. LOOP-UP: This sends a loop command for the specific network equipment specified below at EQUIPMENT. LOOP-DN: This sends a loop down command for the specific network equipment specified below at EQUIPMENT. TOUTDIS: This sends a Timeout Disable command.
  • Page 86 • Often, the HDSL equipment must be armed before responding to loopback commands. First send an ARM-DL (ESF) or ARM-INB (SF), then send the loop up command. • The arming command is the same sequence as the standard NIU loop-up code. An arming command will loop the far-end NIU, if an NIU is present and if it responds to loopback commands.

  • Page 87: Ds3/Ds1 Stuff-Bit

    3.3.5 DS3/DS1 STUFF-BIT This type of loopback utilizes the DS3 stuff bits to facilitate looping. It operates with both M13 and C-Bit framing. Access to this type of looping is appropriate only if a DS3/DS1 test mode has been selected from within the TEST CONFIGURA- TION.

  • Page 88: Ds3/Ds1 C-Bit Feac

    3.3.6 DS3/DS1 C-BIT FEAC This type of loopback utilizes the DS3 Far End Alarm and Control channel (FEAC). It operates only with C-Bit framing. The FEAC enables loopback functions using code words. Under this arrangement, the 28 individual DS1s are looped back. Use the following procedure: 1) Enter the LOOP BACK CONTROL menu and select the DS3/ DS1 C-BIT FEAC option.

  • Page 89: Ds3 C-Bit Feac

    6) After this message has been displayed, press ESC as neces- sary to return to the main menU. 3.3.7 DS3 C-BIT FEAC The DS3 C-bit FEAC option also utilizes the Far-End Alarm and Control Channel (FEAC). It requires a DS3 point-to-point setup.

  • Page 90: Setup Test Pattern

    3.4 Setup Test Pattern The SEND TEST PATTERN menu may be accessed through the MAIN MENU or the Setup icon. This screen and the available test patterns vary depending on the mode selected in TEST CONFIGURATION. When a payload of DS1 or VT1.5 has been chosen, the screen appears as in Figure 44.
  • Page 91 15:26:27 SEND TEST PATTERN 2e23 2e20 2e15 2047 1100 ALT01 ALL1 ALL0 TxPATN: 2e23 RxPATN: 2e23 USER INVERT NORMAL Figure 45 DS3 Test Patterns Note that the some of the function keys (such as INVERT/ NORMAL) may appear at different locations, depending on your configuration.
  • Page 92 PATN setting, when you are in the opposite side, in the UNLOCK configuration. Available Patterns: DS1/VT1.5 payload: QRSS, FOX, 55OCT, 55DLY, 1-4, 1-8, 1-16, 3-24, 2047, 511, 127, 63, 2e23, 2e20, 2e15, ALT10, ALL1, ALL0, YELLOW, IDLE STS-1, DS3, payload: 2e23, 2e20, 2e15, 1100, ALT10, ALL1, ALL0 STS-3c payload: 2e23, 2e20, 2e15, 2047, 1100, ALT10, ALL1, ALL0...

  • Page 93: User Test Patterns

    3.4.1 User Test Patterns In addition to these standard patterns, you may create, edit, view, send and delete a user pattern. 15:03:27 USER TEST PATTERN CURRENT- CREATE Figure 46 User Test Pattern Sending a User Test Pattern 1) In the SEND TEST PATTERN screen (Figure 45), press USER (F1).
  • Page 94 Creating User-Defined Patterns To program a user test pattern, follow this procedure: 1) In the SEND TEST PATTERN menu, press the USER key (F1) to enter the USER TEST PATTERN screen. 2) Cursor down to a blank position on the user pattern list. 3) Choose CREATE (F1).
  • Page 95 7) Cursor down to the FORMAT line. Select BINARY (F1) or HEX (F2) for the pattern format. 8) Press the Down Arrow key to move to the pattern entry (‘No.’) area. a) Press the SHIFT key. • Enter the bits to make up the desired pattern; up to 32 for DS1, up to 24 for DS3, up to 16 for SONET.
  • Page 96 4) Choose TOGGLE (F3) to move out of the alphabet grid and back to the LABEL item. a) If the LABEL is now correct, press ENTER and you are done. b) Arrow down to edit the pattern itself. Correcting a Mistake in the Pattern Use the following procedure to correct any mistakes made while entering the pattern.

  • Page 97: Setup Sonet Port

    3.5 Setup SONET Port (OC-48 platform only) When you are in a SONET configuration, enter this function via the Setup icon in order to configure the OC ports. 15:42:21 Meas 1310nm SETUP SONET PORT OPTIC WAVELENGTH : 1310nm LINE THRU : NORM PATH THRU NORM...
  • Page 98 • When a THRU Mode is activated, a ‘Thru’ banner appears at the top the screen next to the battery icon. Here are the line items. Select THRU (F1) or NORM (F2) for each item: LINE THRU The SunSet OCx OC-48 unit passes through all overhead bytes.

  • Page 99: Measurement Results

    3.6 Measurement Results · The SunSet OCx continuously performs measurements on its received signal. • You need not access the Measurement Results menu in order for measurement results to be compiled. • Measurements are automatically restarted every time the configuration is significantly changed, such as changing fram- ing, mapping or test pattern.
  • Page 100 • Measurements may have a count number displayed on the left side of the screen, and the corresponding rate or percentage displayed on the same line on the right side. For example, ES, the count of errored seconds, is displayed on the left column, while %ES, the percentage of errored seconds, is displayed on the right column, as shown in Figure 49 .
  • Page 101 RT (Remaining Time): Remaining Time is the time that remains until the end of testing. The factory default condition is that the test runs continuously until the user stops it. For this reason, CONTINU is displayed in the RT field to denote a continuous test.
  • Page 102 • PWR or Vpk: Strength of the signal received at the appropriate port. • FREQ: Current frequency during the second. Other Defects Screen This screen summarizes important data on the rates under test. The signals and measurements presented will depend on the configuration.
  • Page 103 FC-V: VT near end FC-FVE: VT far end SES: This is a count of the number of Severely Errored Seconds that have occurred since the beginning of the test. A bit severely errored second is a second with a 10 error rate, of any of the errors on this screen;...

  • Page 104: Sonet Measurements

    3.6.1 SONET Measurements You must be in a SONET configuration to view these results. NO ERRORS will be reported in large type if there are no errors in the signal. Here is a sample Summary screen: MEAS LASER15:42:21 ET: 08:22:10 RT: CONTINU CONFIG: OC12-DS1 STS :2[1]...
  • Page 105 LOS: This is the count of the number of seconds in which the signal has been lost during the test. For SONET , a loss of signal will be detected when 20 µsec of all zeros occurs. Usage: A loss of signal usually indicates that the input optical power is either too low or too high.
  • Page 106 other than 111 in the bits 2, 1, 0 of the K2 byte. Usage: When a network element receives a LOF or LOS, it sends an AIS-L downstream RFI-L: Line Remote Failure Indication is declared after 2.5 sec- onds of RDI-L and cleared after 10 consecutive seconds without an REI-L.

  • Page 107: Los

    payload, a PLM can be essentially ignored. The default C2 value for a concatenated payload is 01 (hex). If the payload is ATM or other specific type of data transmission, the C2 may be some other value, such as 13 (hex) for ATM. RFI-P/V: Path or VT Remote Failure Indication is declared after 2.5 seconds of RDI-P/V and cleared after 10 consecutive seconds without an RDI-P/V.
  • Page 108 SONET Section Layer Results MEAS LASER 15:42:21 ET: 04:22:10 RT: CONTINU CNFG: OC3c Tx: 2e23 Rx: 2e23 SECTION LAYER LOFS LOSS OOFS SEFS %SEFS : 0.19 : 0.19 %SES : 0.19 %UAS : 0.00 : 1985 %EFS : 99.85 PAGE-UP PAGE-DN STOP HOLDSCR...

  • Page 109: Ais-L

    SONET Line Layer – Near End Results This screen reports on the near end Line. MEAS LASER 15:42:21 ET: 04:22:10 RT: CONTINU CNFG: OC3c Tx: 2e23 Rx: 2e23 LINE LAYER - NEAR END AIS-L : 100 %SES : 0.00 %UAS : 0.00 %EFS : 100...

  • Page 110: Ais-P

    SONET Path Layer – Near End Results This screen reports on the near end Path. MEAS LASER 15:42:21 ET: 04:22:10 RT: CONTINU CNFG: OC3c Tx: 2e23 Rx: 2e23 MEAS: PATH LAYER - NEAR END TIM-P AIS-P UNEQ-P LOP-P PLM-P :100 :0.00 %SES :0.00...
  • Page 111 SONET Pointer Measurements This screen reports on the overhead pointers. The pointers available will depend on your configuration. In the sample OC3c figure, results are available for the SONET Path and the VT1.5. The OC-48 platform reports some results the black and white platform does not.

  • Page 112: Stop More

    SONET Optical Signal Measurements This screen reports on the signal. The following figure is a SONET example. MEAS LASER 10:42:21 ET: 04:22:10 RT: CONTINU CNFG: OC12-DS1 Tx: 2e23 Rx: 2e23 OPTICAL SIGNAL MEASUREMENTS LOSS:0 FREQ:622080000 PWR :-9.6 dBm MAX :622080000 MIN :622080000 SATURAT LOW PWR...
  • Page 113 STS-1 Signal Measurements The next figure is a sample STS (electrical) screen: 15:42:21 Meas 1310nm ET: 000:04:30 RT: CONTINU CNFG: STS-DS1 DS1: 1 TX: QRSS Rx: QRSS SIGNAL MEASUREMENTS STS-1 LOSS FREQ 51840000 51840000 BPVR 51840000 0.00e+00 : 0.537 V : 4.13 dB LVLS PAGE-UP PAGE-DN...

  • Page 114: Vt1.5 Measurements

    3.6.2 VT1.5 Measurements VT1.5 measurements are in two primary screens. They follow the format of the SONET measurements. VT Path Layer—Near End Results 15:42:21 Meas 1310nm ET: 000:04:30 RT: CONTINU CNFG: STS-VT VT1.5 [1,1] TX: QRSS Rx: QRSS VT PATH LAYER - NEAR END AIS-V LOP-V :0.00...
  • Page 115 Path Layer—Far End Results 15:42:21 Meas 1310nm ET: 000:04:30 RT: CONTINU CNFG: STS-VT VT1.5 [1,1] TX: QRSS Rx: QRSS VT- PATH LAYER - FAR END RDI-P ERDI-V DEFECTS RFI-P REI-P :100 %SES :0.00 : 2544 :0.00 %UAS :100.00 %EFS FC-PFE PAGE-UP PAGE-DN STOP MORE...

  • Page 116: Ds3 Measurements

    3.6.3 DS3 Measurements The following screens appear in a DS3 configuration. DS3 Path Results MEAS LASER 10:42:21 ET: 000:12:37 RT: CONTINU CNFG: OC3-DS3 STS :1 Tx:2e23 Rx: 2e23 DS3 PATH ANALYSIS : 12 : 05.4e-08 FEBE LOFS CBIT PBIT AISS : 1.00 %SES : 1.00...
  • Page 117 LOFS: This is the count of Loss Of Frame Seconds since the beginning of the test. A loss of frame second occurs at the onset of 3 consecutive OOFSs. LOFS are counted until the onset of 10 consecutive non-OOFs. Usage: This measurement is most often used on extended tests where sporadic intermittency problems are experienced.
  • Page 118 SES: A Severely Errored Second is a second with a 10 error rate, where error rate is measured off of bit errors, BPV errors, and framing bit errors. An out of frame will also generate a SES. Usage: This measurement is sometimes used in combination with errored seconds to describe overall in-service transmission performance.
  • Page 119 being transmitted is unknown and helps to separate local troubles from remote troubles. BPVR: This is the average BiPolar Violation error Rate since the beginning of the test. Usage: The rate is sometimes used instead of a count when the measurement is conducted for a longer period. FREQ: This is the current frequency measured during the last second.
  • Page 120 DS3 Other Defects Screen The following defects may be listed in an OTHER DEFECTS screen. AIS: This is the number of seconds containing Alarm Indication Signal. DS3 AIS is a signal with valid M-frame alignment channel, M-subframe alignment pattern, and P-bit channel. The payload bits are set to a 10 pattern, starting with a 1 after each M-frame alignment, M subframe alignment, X-bit, P-bit, and C-bit channel.

  • Page 121: Ds2 Measurements

    3.6.4 DS2 Measurements This screen gives results for the DS2 rate. 15:42:21 Meas 1310nm ET: 000:04:30 RT: CONTINU CNFG: OC3-DS1 STS[DS1]: 1[28] DS3 FRM: C-BIT DS1 FRM:SF-D4 TX: ALT10 Rx: ALT10 DS2 MEASUREMENT : 10 AISS YELS LOFS : 10 PAGE-UP PAGE-DN STOP MORE...
  • Page 122 DS2 Yellow Alarm is enabled by setting the X-bit to 0 on the returning DS2 signal. Usage: Yellow alarm is used to sectionalize a circuit fault. If the signal on side A reaches the test set without error, but the signal on side B shows a yellow alarm, then side A must be failing somewhere downstream from the test set.

  • Page 123: Ds1 Measurements

    3.6.5 DS1 Measurements The DS1 results screens follow. In DS1 Dual Mode, Line 1 or Line 2 will show in the title, so you know which line you are looking at results for. Note that the order of the screens may vary. See Figure 67 for a color sample.
  • Page 124 DS1 Defects This screen reports on any defects (alarms) received on the DS1 line. MEAS 15:42:21 ET: 000:05:02 RT: CONTINU CNFG: DUAL DS1TX:2e23 Rx:2e23 DEFECTS (sec) LINE 1 LINE 2 PAGE-UP PAGE-DN STOP MORE Figure 69 Dual DS1 Defects Screen LOF: This is the count of Loss Of Frame seconds since the beginning of the test.

  • Page 125: 000:04:30 Cnfg: Dual Ds1

    outgoing signal in response to loss of frame on its incoming signal. Thus, the yellow alarm signifies that the other side of the T1 line has failed somewhere before the end of the circuit. Usage: Yellow alarm is the only end-to-end service indicator that is available for in-service testing on D4, SLC-96, and some ESF circuits.

  • Page 126: Line

    unknown. Finally, many telephone companies use a given num- ber of BPV counts as the maximum acceptable for a span. BPVR is the rate at which BPVs are received. EXZS: Excess Zero Seconds is a count of the number of seconds in which excessively long strings of zeros were detected.
  • Page 127 this time. The INTERN reference clock of the set has stratum 3 accuracy. The test set will automatically use the T1-2 Rx or the EXT CLK port as the reference clock if it detects a signal on the port. CLKSLIP: A clock slip occurs when the measured frequency deviates from the reference frequency by one unit interval.

  • Page 128: Errors

    DS1 Path Results This screen reports on the DS1 line, including frame and CRC- 6 errors. MEAS LASER 10:42:21 ET: 000:06:40 RT: CONTINU CNFG: OC3-DS1 STS[DS1]: 1[28] TX: ALT10 Rx: ALT10 DS1 PATH ANALYSIS LOFS : 0.00e+00 CURFER : 0.00e+00 CRCR : 0.00e+00 AISS...
  • Page 129 FER: This is the Framing bit Error Rate measured since the beginning of the test. Usage: See the discussion for FE. The rate is a nice way of summarizing the information in a way that is independent of the actual measurement period. CRCR: The CRC-6 (Cyclic Redundancy Check code - 6) block Error Rate, is the rate at which CRC-6 block errors occurred during the previous one second.
  • Page 130 CURCER: This is the Current CRC-6 Error Rate since the beginning of the test. ES: This is a count of the number of Errored Seconds that have occurred since the beginning of the test. An errored second is any second with at least one BPV, bit error, FE or CRC-6 error. An errored second is not counted during an unavailable second.
  • Page 131 UAS: This is a count of all the UnAvailable Seconds since the beginning of the test. Note that a T1 service is not available during an UAS. An unavailable second is any second with a loss of signal, loss of frame, loss of pattern, or alarm indication signal. Unavailable seconds are also counted at the onset of 10 consecutive severely errored seconds.

  • Page 132: Meas

    DS1 Bit Performance This screen reports on the G.821 parameters if on a DS1 line, or on any bit errors in a payload (regardless of rate). MEAS 1310nm 10:42:21 ET: 000:16:18 RT: CONTINU CNFG: OC3-DS1 STS[DS1]: 1[28] TX: QRSS Rx: QRSS MEAS: BIT PERFORMANCE :0.0E+00...
  • Page 133 occurred since the beginning of the test. • An ES is a one-second period in the AS during which one or more bit errors are detected. • An ES is not counted during an unavailable second. Usage: Errored seconds are a key tariff parameter for T1 services.
  • Page 134 ten consecutive SES. The unavailable time ends when the first second of a period of ten consecutive non-SES seconds. Usage: Unavailable seconds are usually not permitted in any number in a 15 minute or 1-hour test. Telephone companies typically guarantee around 3 hours maximum outage time per year on a T1 service.
  • Page 135 SERVICE DISRUPTION LAST: Length of the latest service disruption. TOTAL: Total length of time during which service has been disrupted in this test. MAX: Longest period for which service was disrupted. MIN: Shortest period for which service was disrupted. Note: When there has been only one disruption, the MAX will equal the MIN.

  • Page 136: Sonet Features

    3.7 Sonet Features This menu gives you access to the SunSet OCx’s SONET capacities. You may monitor and program section and path overhead bytes, as well as display and program pointer opera- tions. Note: the SSOCx OC-12 and lower units feature Tx SS BITS TYPE SELECTION instead of POINTER CONTROL (which is found on the SSOCx OC-48), and does not include the J0 SECTION TRACE GENERATION screen.

  • Page 137: Section Overhead Monitor

    The SONET system has embedded overhead capabilities within the STS signal; this makes the high level of network management possible for SONET. There are three defined overhead areas in the STS-1 signal: Path, Line, and Section: • Path-level overhead is carried from end-to-end. •...
  • Page 138 through the different rows (1–3, 4–6, 7–9). • Press the NEXT GRoup (F3) key to view overhead for the next group of STS-1s. See the STS3# and STS1# fields for this information. • Use the cursor keys to highlight the byte you want information •...
  • Page 139 The 18 bytes of the STS-1 Line Overhead are used as follows: H1, H2 - Payload pointers H3- Pointer Action, used for negative byte stuffing B2 - Parity check K1, K2 - APS (Automatic Switching Protection) between line terminating equipment D4-D12 - Data communications channel S1/Z1 - Synchronization messages;...
  • Page 140 Figure 78 K1 Byte Sample Screen Table A.1/G.783 Bits 1–4 of the K1 Byte Bits Condition, state or external request 1234 Order 1111 Lockout of protection (Note 1) Highest 1110 Forced switch 1101 Signal fail high priority 1100 Signal fail low priority 1011 Signal degrade high priority 1010 Signal degrade low priority 1001 Unused (Note 2)
  • Page 141 codes. 3 Requests are selected from the table, depending on the protection switching arrangements; in any particular case, only a subset of the requests may be required. TABLE A.2/G.783 K1 channel number Channel # Requesting switch action Null channel (no working channel or extra traffic channel).

  • Page 142: Overhead Byte Send

    3.7.2 Overhead Byte Send This feature allows you to control the user’s overhead bytes of the transmitted SONET signal. As seen, this function separates the OH bytes into Section, Line, J1 Path, and Path bytes. If necessary, please refer to Section 3.7.1, Section Overhead Monitor , to learn how these bytes are used.
  • Page 143 Here is a sample transmit Line overhead screen. Figure 80 Transmit Line OH To change bytes: 1. Use the arrow keys to move the cursor. 2. Use the SHIFT key and keypad letters/numbers to enter in the desired hexadecimal code, ranging from 00 to FF. When you have finished, press SEND (F3) to send this byte.
  • Page 144 Figure 81 Transmit Path OH As in the other transmit byte screens, any byte labeled xx may not be changed. In the Path OH screen, you may manually control bytes C2, G1 (last 4 bits), F2, Z3, Z4, and Z5. To change these bytes: 1.

  • Page 145: Send K1, K2 Bytes

    3.7.3 Send K1, K2 Bytes Enter this screen to configure the K1 and K2 bytes. Figure 82 Send K1, K2 Bytes Use the BIT=0 (F1) and BIT=1 (F2) keys to determine each bit within the two bytes. Each time a bit is changed, the label will change automatically.

  • Page 146: Send S1 Bytes

    3.7.4 Send S1 Bytes Enter this screen to configure the S1 byte for transmission. Figure 83 Send S1 Bytes Use the BIT=0 (F1) and BIT=1 (F2) keys to determine each available bit. Each time a bit is changed, the label will change automatically.

  • Page 147: J0 Section Trace Generation

    Figure 84 J0 Path Generation For the LENGTH of the trace, select 16BYTES (F1) or 64BYTES (F2). DEFAULT (F3) transmits the Sunrise Telecom message: SUNRISE TELECOM A STEP AHEAD! for 16 bytes, SUNRISE TELECOM OCx A STEP AHEAD! OC3/OC12/OC48 HANDHELD UNIT! for 64 bytes.

  • Page 148: Poh Monitor

    3.7.6 POH Monitor The appearance of the Path Overhead Monitor screen will vary depending on whether or not you are monitoring a VT1.5 mapped SONET signal. See the next figure for a sample screen. Figure 85 POH Monitoring Screen Figure 86 VT POH Monitoring Use the cursor keys to select a byte.
  • Page 149 The 8 bytes of the Path Overhead are used as follows: B3 - Parity check C2 - Indicates the construction and content of the STS SPE. In Figure 86, C2 has a value of 02, which signifies Floating VT Mode. Here are the most common codes: Unequipped Equipped - Nonspecific VT - Structured STS-1 SPE (Floating VT Mode)

  • Page 150: Path Overhead Send

    3.7.7 Path Overhead Send Enter this item from the SONET FEATURES menu to access the Send POH menu, as shown next. The selections available will depend upon your TEST CONFIGURATION. 12:01:10 SEND PATH OVERHEAD J1 PATH TRACE GENERATION EDIT C2 SIGNAL LABEL SEND Z4/K3 BYTE SEND V5 BYTE SEND K4 BYTE...

  • Page 151: J1 Path Trace Generation

    Figure 88 J1 Path Trace Generation For the LENGTH of the trace, select 16BYTES (F1) or 64BYTES (F2). To enter the default Sunrise Telecom message, press DEFAULT (F3). Enter Your Own Trace Cursor down to enter the trace line if you want to enter your own message.

  • Page 152: Edit C2 Signal Label Byte

    3.7.7.2 Edit C2 Signal Label Byte The C2 POH byte indicates the contents of the SPE. Figure 89 Edit C2 Label Byte Use the cursor keys to move among the labels. Use the PAGE- UP (F1) and PAGE-DN (F2) keys to scroll between pages of labels.

  • Page 153: Send Z4/K3 Byte

    3.7.7.3 Send Z4/K3 Byte Here is the SEND Z4/K3 BYTES screen: Figure 90 Send Z4/K3 Bytes Screen Use the BIT=0 (F1) and BIT=1 (F2) keys to determine each available bit. Each time a bit is changed, the label will change automatically.

  • Page 154: Send V5 Bytes

    3.7.7.4 Send V5 Bytes The V5 byte is a virtual tributary overhead byte. Here is the SEND V5 BYTES screen: Figure 91 Send V5 Bytes Screen Use the BIT=0 (F1) and BIT=1 (F2) keys to determine each available bit. Each time a bit is changed, the label will change automatically.

  • Page 155: Send Z4/K4 Byte

    3.7.7.5 Send Z4/K4 Byte K4 is used for virtual tributary protection switching and en- hanced RDI-V. Here is the SEND K4 BYTE Screen: Figure 92 Send K4 Bytes Screen Use the BIT=0 (F1) and BIT=1 (F2) keys to determine each available bit.

  • Page 156: Sonet Aps Measurement

    3.7.8 SONET APS Measurement • Requires APS Timing software option SWOCx-U Automatic Protection Switching (APS) keeps the network working even if a network element or link fails. When a failure is detected by one or more network elements, the network proceeds through a coordinated predefined sequence of steps to transfer (or switchover) live traffic to the backup facility (also called “protection”...
  • Page 157 Point of Loopback To initiate an Failure Sunrise APS, insert Telecom Sunrise AIS-L Telecom AIS-L measured. SONET ring protection circuit In-service test. Sunrise DS3 AIS Telecom measured. working circuit Sunrise Telecom VT mapping SONET in-service test. AIS-P measured. Out-of-service test. Sunrise DS1 AIS measured.
  • Page 158 Figure 95 APS Screen Note that you may press START (F1) at any time to begin an APS measurement. Press STOP (F2) to halt a measurement already underway. Sensor Options BIT, AIS-L, B2, AIS-P DS3 payload: DS3FE, P-BIT, C-BIT • For an out-of-service test, make sure that pattern synchroni- zation is established before beginning the test.
  • Page 159 Switch Time Limit Options: 15—200 ms Set criteria for the maximum APS time allowed for the network to pass APS testing. • After the APS time is measured, a “PASS” or “FAIL” will be displayed along with the measured time. •...

  • Page 160: Transmit Ss Bits Type Selection

    3.7.9 Transmit SS Bits Type Selection Determine how to set the SS bits. This function is available on the OC-3 and OC-12 units. Figure 96 SS Bits Selection SS BITS • These bits sit between the NDF and the pointer value. •...

  • Page 161: Ssocx Oc-48 Pointer Control

    3.7.10 SSOCx OC-48 Pointer Control If your unit is an SSOCx OC-48, you may perform various pointer monitoring and adjusting actions. Figure 97 Pointer Control Menu 3.7.10.1 Pointer Send/Monitor Use this function to observe and change pointer values. 15:42:21 Meas 1310nm POINTER SEND/MONITOR POINTER TYPE...
  • Page 162 POINTER TYPE View or select the type of pointer being monitored. • If you are using a VT1.5 payload, use the STS (F1) or VT (F2) key to select the pointer type. Otherwise, TYPE will be set at STS. Notes •...
  • Page 163 (BIT=0) to set the bit to 0, and F2 (BIT=1) to set it to 1. If the SS bits are set to 10, the label in front of them should display SDH. When set to 11 or 01, UNKNOWN will display. •...

  • Page 164: Pointer Test Sequences

    3.7.10.2 Pointer Test Sequences • Requires Pointer Test Sequence software option SWOCx-X. Pointer test sequences are an important tool for qualifying and installing optical networks. This OC-48 unit feature allows an engineer to stress test the robustness and jitter tolerance of the network.
  • Page 165 alternating sequence. • Choose SINGLE to increase or decrease the pointer value. • Choose BURST to generate a sequence of changes in the pointer value in one direction only (increase or decrease). • Choose TRANS to generate changes in the phase of the pointer adjustment.
  • Page 166 Options: 1—9999 (default=4) Specify the position of the pointer anomaly from the start of the sequence. • Use the keypad to enter the number. • This only applies to Custom test sequences, ADDED or CANCEL ANOMALY. • Note that the value of n can never be higher than N. Options: 1—9999 (default=6) frames Specify the average pointer spacing in time.
  • Page 167 Figure 100 Pointer Test Sequence, Setup 2 INITIALIZE Options: 0—99:59 minutes:seconds (default 1:00) Specify the initialization period. • Use the keypad to enter the time. • During the initialization period, the unit sends pointer increase/ decreases (as set in the MOVEMENT field). Anomalies are not sent during initialization.
  • Page 168 • Measurements should not be taken during the initialization or cool down periods. In the measurement period, the sequence continues as the unit compiles standard measurements. CONTINUOUS Options: NO (F1), YES (F2) Determine if the test will run continuously. • If you select NO, enter the measurement time above.

  • Page 169: Aps Byte Capture

    3.7.11 APS Byte Capture • Requires APS Timing software option SWOCx-U. 3.7.11.1 Start a New Trace Use this feature to monitor the K1 and K2 overhead bytes of a SONET or SDH signal and record the changes, in a non-OC-48 unit.
  • Page 170 Figure 103 APS Byte Capture Configuration Manual Start 1. Set TRIGGER to OFF. 2. Press START (F4). The unit will begin looking for and record- ing all K1/K2 bytes. Trigger Start 1. Set TRIGGER to ON. 2. Set the K1 and K2 bits as required, using the BIT=0 (F1), BIT=1 (F2) and BIT=* (F3) keys.
  • Page 171 Figure 104 K1/K2 Byte Capture Screen Figure 104 shows the captured bytes with the time elapsed in seconds since each change. The ‘1 of 2’ note in the second line of the header indicates a second screen of captured bytes is available to scroll to.
  • Page 172 Figure 105 K1/K2 Frame Duration Sample • Press the DECODE (MORE, F3) key to see the bytes de- coded. The screen will show the LINEAR decode, as in the next sample figure. 15:42:21 Meas K1/K2 BYTE DECODE TIME: 08.403649 DECODING: LINEAR K1: 1100 0110 Signal Fail Low Priority Channel 6...
  • Page 173 • In the LINEAR decode screen, press RING (MORE, F3) to view a screen with the bytes decoded for a RING topography. In the RING screen, F3 becomes LINEAR. Use the NEXT (F1) and PREV (F2) keys to view the available bytes. Figure 107 K1/D2 Ring Decode •...

  • Page 174: Load A Saved Trace

    3.7.11.2 Load a Saved Trace Use this feature to look at a save K1 and K2 trace. Figure 108 Load a Byte Capture Trace Use the cursor keys to highlight the trace you want to affect. F-keys • Press LOAD (F1) to view the highlighted trace. The trace screens will appear.

  • Page 175: Ds3 Features

    3.8 DS3 Features Enter DS3 FEATURES from the MAIN MENU if your unit is black and white, or via the DS3/1/0 icon if you have a color unit, in order to access DS3 functions. The menu features four choices, as shown in the next figure. Figure 109 DS3 Features Menu Ch.

  • Page 176: View Received Data

    3.8.1 View Received Data Refer to Figure 110 for a typical screen display. This display refers to the received DS3 payload. View the DS3 data, sans overhead bits, 1 byte at a time. Note that in an OC-3 or higher multirate test, you may choose which DS3 to view by pressing the NEXT (F1) and PREV (F2) keys.

  • Page 177: C-Bit Monitor

    3.8.2 C-bit Monitor The DS3 C-BIT MONITOR screen allows you to observe the C-bits being received in subframes 1-7 of the DS3 signal. You must be using C-bit framing to access the feature. See Figure 111. Press the PAUSE (F1) key to halt the live presentation of data; press RESUME (F1) to restart it.

  • Page 178: Monitor Ds3 Feac

    3.8.3 Monitor DS3 FEAC In the MONITOR DS3 FEAC screen, as shown in the next figure, you can observe the current and past messages appearing on the DS3 Far End Alarm and Control (FEAC) datalink. C-bit framing is required. The third C-bit in M-subframe 1 provides the FEAC.

  • Page 179: Send Ds3 Feac

    3.8.4 Send DS3 FEAC • Requires DS3 FEAC software option SWOCx-D. The SEND DS3 FEAC allows you to transmit messages across the DS3 FEAC datalink, when you are using C-bit framing. The third C-bit in subframe 1 is used as the Far End Alarm and Control (FEAC) Channel, where alarm or status information from the far end terminal can be sent back to the near end terminal.
  • Page 180 MESSAGE Options: any 16 digit message. Configure the transmitted code word. • Use the SHIFT and number keys to enter the 1s and 0s. • Note that you may press SEND (F4) at any time to transmit the code word. REPETITION Options: 1—99, CONTINU Determine how many times the code word message will be...
  • Page 181 DS1 Line #4 11111111 01001000 DS1 Line #5 11111111 01001010 DS1 Line #6 11111111 01001100 DS1 Line #7 11111111 1001110 DS1 Line #8 11111111 01010000 DS1 Line #9 11111111 01010010 DS1 Line #10 11111111 01010100 DS1 Line #11 11111111 01010110 DS1 Line #12 11111111 01011000...

  • Page 182: Propagation Delay

    3.8.5 Propagation Delay You must be in a DS3 point-to-point configuration with a loopback in place in order to use this feature. Figure 114 Propagation Delay The test set measures the number of unit intervals required for the signal to travel down the line and then return. This number is converted into microseconds of round trip delay.

  • Page 183: Ds1 Features

    3.9 DS1 Features Enter DS1 FEATURES from the MAIN MENU in order to access DS1 functions. Figure 115 DS1 Features Menu Ch. 3 Menus...

  • Page 184: View Received Data

    3.9.1 View Received Data Refer to Figure 116 for a typical screen display. This display refers to the received DS1 payload. Figure 116 DS1 View Received Data To view this screen, use the following procedure: 1) Cursor to the DS1 FEATURES item in the main menu, via the DS3/1/0 Features icon if required, and press ENTER.
  • Page 185 screen. • 60 pages of data are available; which is equal to 20 frames. 6) When you have finished, press the ESCAPE key twice to return to the main menu. The following display definitions are used in this screen: PAGE: Indicates which of the available 60 pages of data is currently being displayed.

  • Page 186: Data Link Control

    3.9.2 Data Link Control • Requires DS1 Datalink software option SWOCx-O. 3.9.2.1 ESF Data Link ESF DATA LINK CONTROL is provided when you have chosen a DS1 setup with ESF framing in the TEST INTERFACE menu. See the next figure. Figure 117 ESF Datalink Menu Monitor BPM Monitor BPM allows you to monitor the Bit Report Messages...
  • Page 187 Figure 118 Monitor ESF BPM Screen Press DECODE (F2) to see a plain-language translation of the received messages: Figure 119 Monitored BPM Messages, Decoded Press BINARY (F2) to return to the binary presentation of data. Note that message 0 is always the most current message. Messages count backwards from 0.
  • Page 188 Monitor PRM MONITOR PRM allows you to monitor the Performance Re- port Messages received on the ESF datalink. It gives you real- time end-to-end performance information, such as CRC and frame errors, even when the circuit is in service. Figure 120 Monitor ESF PRM Here are the screen definitions: COMMAND/RESPONSE: Reports on which piece of equipment sent the message;...
  • Page 189 C=<10: This is the number of seconds during which 6 to 10 CRC- 6 errors were reported. C=<100: This is the number of seconds during which 11 to 100 CRC-6 errors were reported. C=<319: This is the number of seconds during which 101 to 319 CRC-6 errors were reported.
  • Page 190 ground. You can let the screen update again by pressing the CONTINU (F3) key. Transmit BPM Use this screen to transmit BPM. This is an out-of-service test. You may press SEND (F4) at any time to transmit the codeword as programed. You may press STOP (F4) to halt transmission. The STATUS line reports on the transmission status: SENDING or IDLE.
  • Page 191 • Use the Up and Down arrow cursor keys to move from the REPEAT field to the CODEWORD field. CODEWORD Options: SELECT (F1), IDLE (F3), SEND (F4) View the last selected codeword. • The meaning of the codeword is presented for you in the Decode Field (RAI/yellow alarm in the sample figure).
  • Page 192 Transmit PRM In this screen, you may view the PRM messages the unit is transmitting. You may not select a message to transmit. The unit compiles performance statistics from the line and puts them into a PRM message. The values are calculated automatically. PRM transmission starts as soon as you enter this screen.

  • Page 193: Bridge Tap Detect

    3.9.3 Bridge Tap Detect The bridge tap test sends 21 different patterns down a span that has been previously looped up. Each pattern is measured for 30 seconds. Figure 124 Bridge Tap G.821 Results Figure 125 Bridge Tap Results—Summary Screen To run this test, use the following procedure: 1) Be sure that you have a loopback in place at the far end of your circuit and that the TEST CONFIGURATION items have been...
  • Page 194 2) You can observe the test in progress by looking at the Bit Performance results screen (Figure 124). You can PAGE-DN (F2) and see the summary results (Figure 125). There are 21 patterns in all. Each pattern name is listed for you as it is sent. IN PROG means that the 30 second measurement for that test pattern is still in progress.

  • Page 195: Quick Test- I And - Ii

    3.9.4 Quick Test- I and - II The quick test can save 30 minutes of your time every time you need to accept a new hi-cap service. If you want to use the default settings provided by the factory, you need adjust nothing. Simply press the ENTER key to begin.
  • Page 196 d) Press SAVE (F4) to save the test label. Figure 126 Ticket Entry • Use the INSERT/TYPEOVR (F1) and DELETE (F2) keys to correct any mistakes you may make in the label. 5) Cursor down to the LOOPBACK menu item. 21:10:05 QUICK TEST - I TICKET : AMI...
  • Page 197 F1), LINE-DataLink (more, F2), or Payload-DataLink (more, F3). 6) Cursor down to the PRINT menu item. Choose YES (F1) or NONE (F2) as appropriate. 7) Cursor down to the first pattern. a) Scroll through the F-key options to observe all of the different patterns you can send.

  • Page 198: Propagation Delay

    3.9.5 Propagation Delay You must be in a DS1 PT-PT mode to use this feature. The circuit must be looped back at the far end in order for the test set to perform this measurement. This measures the number of unit intervals required for the signal to travel down the line and then return.

  • Page 199: Vf/Ds0 Features

    3.10 VF/DS0 Features • Sections 3.10.3—3.10.5 require Voice Frequency Dialing and Analysis software option SWOCx-D. In order to access the VF/DS0 FUNCTIONS menu, the DS1 signal under test must have valid framing. Channels can only be identified in a framed signal. See the next figure. Figure 128 VF Channel Menu Ch.

  • Page 200: Vf Measurements

    3.10.1 VF Measurements From the VF CHANNEL MENU, enter VF MEASUREMENTS. You will see the following screen: Figure 129 VF Measurements, Single/Payload Mode Figure 130 VF Measurements, T1 Dual Mode Note that the first line in the T1 Single/Payload Mode screen lists the Transmit and Receive channels in brackets (05, 05 in the sample screen).
  • Page 201 you are transmitting/inserting on (Line 2 in the sample screen). You may select between Tx-1 (F1) and Tx-2 (F2). Here are the settings: TxCHAN Options: 1—24 Configure the transmit channel. • Use the NEXT (F1) and PREV (F2) keys to select a channel. TxMODE Options: TALK (F1), TONE (F2) , QUIET (F3) Select the insert type.

  • Page 202: Rx_2

    The values are determined by trunk and equipment type. As you select one of these choice, the supervision will imme- diately be sent. If you wish, you may enter the A/B/(C/D) supervision state manually: a) Press the SHIFT key to display the SHFT indicator in the upper left portion of the LCD screen.
  • Page 203 • Select SPEAKER to use the unit’s speaker. Measurements The following measurements are only for observation. In the T1 Dual Mode, measurements are shown for the line selected as Rx/DROP in the section above. The RxABCD for the line not selected will show N/A.

  • Page 204: View Supervision

    3.10.2 View Supervision You may find it helpful to view all 24 channels of received supervision bits simultaneously. In this way, you can observe the status of all calls on the line at the same time. Refer to the next figure.

  • Page 205: Dial/Supervision Setup

    3.10.3 Dial/Supervision Setup In this menu, you can vary the on and off time for the DTMF, MF and DP digits in the dialing menus. You can also condition the test set to send the appropriate signaling bits for E&M, loop start, and ground start trunks with FXO or FXS line cards.

  • Page 206: Tone Level

    • The dial period is used in DTMF and MF dialing. • The factory default is 100 ms. a) Press and release the SHIFT key so the ‘SHFT’ indicator is displayed in the upper left hand corner of the screen. b) Press the number keys to give the desired number of millisec- onds.
  • Page 207 INTERDIGIT PRD Options: 100—900 (hundred intervals only) • Use the NEXT (F1) and PREV (F2) keys to select the interdigit period. • Applies to DP dialing only. SUPERVISION CONFIGURATION TRUNK TYPE OPTIONS: E&M (F1), G-START (F2), L-START (F3), USER (F4) a) Press the F-key corresponding to the appropriate trunk type: E&M (F1), Ground-Start (F2), or Loop-Start (F3).

  • Page 208: Place/Receive Calls

    3.10.4 Place/Receive Calls The PLACE/RECEIVE CALLS menu lets you perform a num- ber of dialing functions: • Place a DTMF, MF, or DP call. • Receive a DTMF, MF, or DP call. • Control the transmitted supervision and observe the received supervision.
  • Page 209 MF is selected. • DTMF, Dual Tone Multi Frequency, is the most commonly used addressing method on today’s phones. Like MF, it uses pairs of tones to send a digit. Unlike MF, it uses two separate groups of tones. DTMF supports 16 digits: 0—9, #, *, and A- •...
  • Page 210 • If you make a mistake while entering the number, simply press and release the SHIFT key to get rid of the SHFT indicator in the display. Press the cursor key to cursor over to the digit that needs to be changed. Next, press DELETE (F2) key to delete a number, or enter the number over again using the process described in the previous paragraph.
  • Page 211 Figure 134 User Dial Number Screen • In the USER DIAL NUMBER menu, you can also edit a number by cursoring down to it and selecting EDIT (F2). At this point you can edit the label as described below. However, when the label has been edited to your satisfaction, do not press ENTER.
  • Page 212 Figure 135 User Number Toggle Screen a) With the cursor placed on the LABEL item, press TOGGLE (F3) to access the alphabet grid below. b) Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the desired letter. c) Press SELECT (F4). Continue with this as necessary. d) When you are finished with the alphabet grid, press TOGGLE (F3) to return to the LABEL entry.
  • Page 213 Figure 136 Enter the User Dial Number b) Cursor backwards to delete any unwanted digits. c) When you have finished, press the ENTER key. This stores your new number under the label you gave it, and returns you to the USER DIAL NUMBER menu. Tx CHNL Select the transmit channel.
  • Page 214 If you are in SCAN mode, 1CHNL will appear as the F3 key. Press this key to select an individual channel. Rx CHNL Select the receive channel. Options: NEXT (F1), PREV (F2), SCAN (F3) a) Use the NEXT (F1) and PREV (F2) keys to select the transmit timeslot for the T1 line.

  • Page 215: Call Analysis

    3.10.5 Call Analysis Use CALL ANALYSIS to decode and analyze MF, DTMF and DP tones. In the VF CHANNEL MENU, cursor down to the CALL ANALYSIS item and press ENTER. See Figure 137. You may press ENTER again at any time to start an analysis, or you may continue with the setup.

  • Page 216: Line

    AUTO SCAN Options: YES (F1), NO (F2) • Enable AUTO SCAN by choosing YES (F1). When in scan mode, the SunSet OCx will rapidly scan all 24 receive channels for any-hook to off-hook state. When it finds a channel going off-hook, it will lock onto that channel and wait for digits to be transmitted.
  • Page 217 • Use the NEXT (F1) and PREV (F2) keys to make the selection. Press ENTER to start receiving the digits. The MF, DTMF or DP digits will be displayed as they are received. Up to 40 digits can be displayed, except for in the DP mode, where up to ten digits may be displayed.
  • Page 218 Figure 139 Call Analysis/Digit Analysis (DTMF) • Use the PAGE-UP (F1) and PAGE-DN (F2) keys to view the results. The following information will be provided for each digit: • The High (H) and Low (L) frequencies in Hz and dBm •...

  • Page 219: Noise Measurement

    3.10.6 Noise Measurement Refer to Figure 140 and use this procedure: 1) In the VF/DS0 FUNCTIONS menu, cursor down to the NOISE MEASUREMENT menu item and press ENTER. Figure 140 Noise Measurement 2) RX CHNL Select the channel you wish to perform measurements on. •...

  • Page 220: Other Features

    3.11 Other Features Refer to the following figure for the Other Features menu, which appears in black and white units. This menu is not available in the color units, though the functions are; use the section icon to know where to find each function. Figure 141 Other Features Menu SunSet OCx Rev.

  • Page 221: Error Injection

    3.11.1 Error Injection You can select a particular payload to inject errors on. Some configurations do not have a separate payload to configure, as shown in Figure 142. See Figure 143 for a multirate setup. Figure 142 Error Injection, Single Rate (DS1) Ch.
  • Page 222 Figure 143 Optical Error Injection—Multirate PAYLOAD Options: Depends on the test interface. For example, in Figure 143, STS-1 (F1) and DS1/VT (F2) are both available. VT number 1 within the first STS-1 has been selected. TYPE Select the type of errors you wish to insert. Options: See the table for errors available for each TEST CON- FIGURATION.
  • Page 223 Payload Errors Available Burst/Rate SONET B, R or STS-1 REI-L B, R REI-P B, R B1, B2, B3 B, R STS-1 B, R OC-3 Platform:N/A REI-L B, R OC-12 Platform: B only REI-P B, R OC-48 Platform: B, R B1, B2, B3 B, R B, R B, R...
  • Page 224 enated payloads, set the PAYLOAD to SONET. MODE Select the error injection method. Options: RATE (F1), BURST (F2) • BURST mode allows a set number of errors to be injected with each press of the ERR INJ key. 1) Cursor down to COUNT. 2) Press the SHIFT key and observe the ‘SHFT’...

  • Page 225: Alarm Generation

    3.11.2 Alarm Generation This function gives the user an option to choose from AIS, YELLOW, or IDLE alarms for low rate signals, and between other alarms for higher rate signals. When any of these are selected, an ‘ALM’ indication is displayed on the top of the screen. See the next figure: Figure 145 Alarm Generation PAYLOAD...
  • Page 226 Alarms Options: NONE (F1) SEND (F4) and as indicated: DS3/DS2/DS1: AIS, YELLOW, IDLE DS1/VT1.5: AIS, YELLOW, IDLE, VT AIS, VT RFI, VT RDI-VSD, VT-RDI-VCD, VT RDI-VPD SONET: LOF, LINE AIS, LINE RDI, PATH AIS, PATH RDI, PATH Select the desired alarm, if any. Note that the alarms available will vary, depending on the test rate.

  • Page 227: View/Print Records

    3.11.3 View/Print Records The OTHER FEATURES menu or System icon contains the VIEW/PRINT RECORDS feature. TEST and EVENT RECORDS are also available in the Measurement Results screens, via the RECORD (MORE/F3) key. An ATA storage card (SA720 or SA721) is required in order to use this feature. You will see the following screen after entering: Figure 146 View/Print Records Saving Records...
  • Page 228 Viewing Records Press VIEW (F3) in the TEST or EVENT RECORDS screen to see the record. Figure 147 shows a sample TEST RECORDS screen. Figure 147 Test Records Screen F-keys In addition to the VIEW (F3) key, the following F-keys are available in both the TEST and EVENT RECORDS screens.

  • Page 229: Pulse Mask Analysis

    3.11.4 Pulse Mask Analysis (N/A SSOCx OC-48) • Requires Pulse Mask software option SWOCx-E. • Measure and view the quality of a DS1 or DS3 pulse. • You must be connected to the physical DS1 or DS3 line to do a Pulse Mask Analysis.
  • Page 230 Figure 149 DS3 Pulse Mask Use this procedure: 1) Configure the unit for DS1 or DS3 point-to-point testing. 2) Connect to the line. 3) From the MAIN MENU, enter OTHER FEATURES. 4) Enter PULSE MASK ANALYSIS. a) You will see a ‘Preparing Data’ message. b) After several seconds, the pulse shape will be displayed.
  • Page 231 As long as the captured pulse falls within the inner and outer lines, it passes for quality. The standard used for the DS1 pulse is ANSI T1.403. The ANSI T1.404 standard is applied to the DS3 pulse. To apply a different mask to the pulse, press the F-key corresponding to the mask specification you want to apply.

  • Page 232: System Configuration

    3.12. System Configuration The SYSTEM CONFIGURATION menu can be accessed from the MAIN MENU in black and white units, or via the System icon in color units. See the next figure. Figure 150 System Configuration Menu SunSet OCx Rev. D...

  • Page 233: Measurement Configuration

    3.12.1 Measurement Configuration The SunSet allows the user to customize various measure- ment parameters. If you need to change the test parameter settings, refer to Figure 151 and use the following procedure: Figure 151 Measurement Timing MEAS DURATION Options: CONTINU (F1), TIMED (F2) Set the measurement duration.

  • Page 234: Save Results

    SAVE RESULTS Options: TIMED (F1), LAST (F2), EVENT (F3) • An ATA storage card (SA720) is required in order to use this feature. • Select TIMED to have the test results saved every 1 to 99 minutes. Press the SHIFT key, then enter the number of minutes (between 1 and 99 minutes).
  • Page 235 PLM MEASUREMENT Options: DEFAULT (F1), CUSTOM (F2), DISABLE (F3) • Path Payload Mismatch is declared when the received C2 setting does not match the configuration set in the next line. • Select DEFAULT to have the test set base the expected C2 value on the test configuration.

  • Page 236: Measure Mode

    Figure 152 VT Group Numbering Table VT MAPPING Determine the VT mapping system to use. Options: BELCORE (F1), M13ANSI (F2) • Bellcore refers to the Standard mapping above. • M13ANSI refers to the Sequential mapping above. MEASURE MODE Determine the VT mapping system to use. Options: BERT (F1), LIVE (F2) •...
  • Page 237 BERT AUTO INVERT Determine if the test pattern will be automatically resynchronize if a pattern inverts. Options: OFF (F1), ON (F2) • When Auto Invert is on, the SSOCx will automatically resync if a pattern inverts. There will be a few pattern loss seconds, then the unit will get pattern sync on the new, inverted pattern.

  • Page 238: Serial Port Configuration

    232-C cable supplied by Sunrise Telecom Incorporated. You are free to use this information to attempt to set the SunSet OCx up with another printer. However, Sunrise Telecom Incorpo- rated does not warrant the operation of the test set with any printer other than the one supplied by Sunrise Telecom.
  • Page 239 Figure 154 Serial Port Configuration BAUD RATE Options: 1200 (F1), 2400 (F2), 9600 (F3), 19.2K (F4) The Baud rate determines the number of shortest signalling elements per second on a transmission medium. • The default setting is 9600; 9600 or 19.2k are recommended for remote control operations.
  • Page 240 STOP BIT Options: 1-BIT (F1), 2-BIT (F2) In asynchronous transmission, the stop bit is the last transmit- ted character which permits the receiver to come into an idle condition before accepting another character. • Select 1-BIT or 2-BIT. • The factory default setting is 1-BIT. BITS/CHAR Options: 7-BIT (F1), 8-BIT (F2) BITS/CHAR determines the number of bits per character.

  • Page 241: General Configuration

    3.12.3 General Configuration • Set the time, date, and backlight duration. • Press ENTER after configuring each item in order to save the setting. Figure 155 General Configuration Screen DATE Set the current date in the year-month-day format. a) Press SHIFT to display the SHFT indicator in the screen. b) Press the appropriate number keys for the year, month and day.
  • Page 242 BACK LIGHT Set up the backlight timer. • This timer controls how long the backlight will stay lit when you press the key. • Choose CONTINU (F1) if you want the backlight to stay on continuously until you press the key again.

  • Page 243: Version/Option

    3.12.4 Version/Option This screen displays the software version, type, software and unit serial numbers, and options installed in your OCx. PAGE-UP (F1) and PAGE-DN (F2) as necessary. Figure 156 depicts a sample Version/Option screen. The two serial numbers should match. If they do not, a ‘Security Violation’...
  • Page 244 Figure 157 Hardware Info Screen SunSet OCx Rev. D...

  • Page 245: Erase Nvram

    3.12.5 Erase NVRAM • Erase NV (Non Volatile) RAM erases all the user-storable information entered into the test set. • This operation should always be performed when inserting a new software cartridge. • Erase NVRAM has no effect on the storage card. This operation can also be tried as a last resort if the set is not performing properly.

  • Page 246: System Profiles

    3.12.7 System Profiles You may save up to 10 System Profiles in the test set. These profiles can save you time in configuring the test set for your applications. The test set can store the current configuration as a system profile. You provide a name for the profile so that it may be conveniently recalled at a later time.
  • Page 247 Figure 159 System Profiles Label 5) Press ENTER to store the SYSTEM PROFILE. Invoke a Stored System Profile 1) Enter the SYSTEM PROFILES menu. 2) Cursor down to the desired system profile. 3) Press the LOAD (F3) key. Activate the Default Profile This is a way to return all the OCx’s settings to the factory defaults.
  • Page 248 Modify an Existing Profile Note: The SYSTEM PROFILES menu does not operate like the user pattern menus. You may not edit an existing system profile in the SYSTEM PROFILES menu. If you wish to modify an existing profile, you must change the settings in the original menus and then restore the profile.
  • Page 249 Additional F-keys • Press PRINT (more, F1) to send the highlighted profile to the serial port for printing. • Press EXPORT (more, F2) to save the profile (in a file called ‘profiles.dat’) to the storage card, where you may copy it to your PC and then to another unit.
  • Page 250 SunSet OCx Rev. D...

  • Page 251: Chapter 4 Applications

    Chapter 4 Applications 4.1 Accept a New Circuit Here is a procedure for accepting a new DS1 circuit, at any rate. The setup is illustrated in Figure 160 . 1) Verify that the span is not in service. This acceptance test will disrupt service.
  • Page 252 3) Connect the SunSet to the circuit as shown in Figure 160. Central Office TX RX Customer Premises CSU or NI T1-1 T1-2 EXT CLK Figure 160 Accept a New Circuit a) Press the HISTORY key to acknowledge any blinking history lights and turn them off.

  • Page 253: Monitor An In-Service Circuit

    4.2 Monitor an In-Service Circuit Here is a procedure for monitoring a span that is in-service. The setup is illustrated in Figures 161 and 162. 1) This test may be performed while the span is carrying live customer traffic. 2) Press the ESCAPE key until you arrive at the MAIN MENU or Setup icon.
  • Page 254 3) Connect the SunSet OCx to the circuit. See Figure 161 for a sample DS1 connection. Figure 162 shows the general setup for a monitoring at any rate. • Press the HISTORY key to acknowledge any blinking history lights and turn them off. TX RX T1-1 T1-2...
  • Page 255 4) Examine the LEDs for information about the circuit under test. • The PULSES and FRAME LEDs should be lit green. • A steady red ERRORS or ALARM light will tell you that the circuit is working but is experiencing trouble. •...

  • Page 256: Viewing The Sonet Overhead Bytes

    4.2.1 Viewing the SONET Overhead Bytes The following application procedure may be used to view the overhead bytes embedded within the STS-1 signal. You may look at the overhead bytes of any STS/OC signal. 1) Enter the TEST CONFIGURATION. a) Select STS-1 as the INTERFACE. b) Select the appropriate PAYLOAD.
  • Page 257 T3a Right Side Connector Panel TX RX EXT CLK T1-1 T1-2 SONET NETWORK ELEMENT STX-1 Figure 164 Plugging into STX-MON 3) Press ESCAPE until you reach the main menu. a) Enter SONET FEATURES > SECTION OVERHEAD MONI- TOR, via the SONET icon if you have a color unit. •...
  • Page 258 TRANSPORT PATH OVERHEAD Figure 166 SONET Overhead Layout Monitor Section Overhead 1. Verify the following: a. Frame alignment pattern A1 = F6 and A2 = 28 b. Section bit interleaved parity code byte B1 is continuously changing c. SunSet OCx can detect other incoming Section Overhead bytes (J0, E1,F1,D1-D3) Monitor Line Overhead 1.
  • Page 259 Monitor Path Overhead 1. Press ESCAPE and move the cursor down to the PATH OVERHEAD MONITOR using the arrow keys and press ENTER. Verify the following: a. The SunSet OCx can detect all 64 kbps channels of the STS path trace byte, J1, used to identify the start of the signal path.

  • Page 260: Transmitting Overhead Bytes

    4.3 Transmitting Overhead Bytes Use this procedure to manipulate the transmitted overhead bytes. 1) Configure the SunSet OCx to match the network configuration. Here is a sample setup: TEST MODE: PT-PT, INTERFACE: OC3, and PAYLOAD: VT1.5 Laser On. Transmitting clock set to OC3LOOP (this will prevent clocking difference between the test set and the network which can result in pointer movements).
  • Page 261 ing). They relay APS messages in binary code. Remember that each byte is eight bits and each individual bit can be changed in the two K bytes. To change the K bytes, move the cursor over to the bit you wish to change and press the F1 or F2 key for a 0 or 1.
  • Page 262 information. In some systems, it is renamed as K3 and is desig- nated for High-Order Path APS signalling. The K3 byte is still under study. Move the cursor over to SEND Z4/K3 BYTE by using the arrow keys, and press ENTER. To change this byte, move the cursor over to the byte you wish to change and use the F1 and F2 keys to choose between a zero and a one.
  • Page 263 Within the POINTER SEND/MONITOR menu you can select which Synchronous Transport Signal (STS) you wish to look at. You may also change the POINTER SETTING, NEW DATA FLAG, SS BITS, POINTER VALUE, and POINTER ADJ by moving the cursor over to the desired variable and using the F- keys.

  • Page 264: Point-To-Point Facilities Verification

    4.4 Point-to-Point Facilities Verification Use these tests to look at each side of a structured signal. 4.4.1 End-to-End Test In this out-of-service test, a test set transmits towards to network, and on to another test set. This test verifies error-free transmission and troubleshoots problems (through the mux/ demux process).

  • Page 265: End-To-Loopback Test

    1310nm 15:42:21 TEST CONFIGURATION TEST MODE:PT-PT INTERFACE:OC3 PAYLOAD :DS1 OC-3 : INTERN TxCLK FRAME SF-D4 : BRDCAST OTHER RATE : 1.544m TxCHN CODE : AMI RxCHN TxSRC : PATRN TxCLK : INTER : C-BIT FRAME SIGNAL LEVEL : DSX TxCHN TxLVL RxCHN RxLVL...

  • Page 266: Testing A Multiplexer

    4.4.3 Testing a Multiplexer The SunSet OCx can perform an out-of-service through mul- tiplex test. For multiplexing testing, the SunSet transmits a test pattern at a low rate and receives it back in a structured high rate, after it has been multiplexed, and compares it for measurement. For demultiplexing testing, the set transmits a test pattern within a channel at a high rate (structured) and receives it at its low rate port.
  • Page 267 High Rate Rate Demultiplex Test Figure 172 Demux Test Setup • Connect the test set’s optical Rx jack to the OC-3 input connector on the multiplexer. 2) Enter the SETUP TEST PATTERN item • Select the stress pattern you wish to transmit into the MUX. 3) Examine the LEDs on the test set closely.

  • Page 268: Emulating A Oc/Sonet Multiplexer

    c) Press the ERR INJ key to send the errors. d) Check the BIT PERFORMANCE screen in Measurement Results (under the Results icon if you have a color unit) screen for the errors. You have verified the multiplexing operation of the OC-3 multiplex for the DS1 signal.
  • Page 269 MEAS LASER 15:42:21 TEST CONFIGURATION TEST MODE:MUXMODE HIGH RATE:OC-3 LOW RATE:DS1 MEAS SIDE:DS1 PAYLOAD :VT1.5 OC-3 TxCLK : INTERN FRAME SF-D4 OTHER : UNEQ RATE : 1.544m TxCHN CODE : B8ZS RxCHN TxSRC : THRU STS-1 TxCLK : STSLOOP OTHER : AIS SIGNAL LEVEL TxCHN...

  • Page 270: Automatic Protection Switching

    4.5 Automatic Protection Switching Verify APS functionality with this application. Refer to section 4.2.1 for the setup. Figure 176 shows the APS byte frame and functions; Figure 177 shows the APS architecture. APS Channel K1 & K2 Bytes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Channel Switch Switch...
  • Page 271 4. Move the cursor to Sensor by using the arrow keys. The Sensor is what the test set will be looking for to trigger the APS event. For example, if the Sensor is set to AIS-L then it will be looking for an Alarm Indication Signal coming from the Line overhead.

  • Page 272: Service Disruption

    AIS-L = Alarm Indication Signal in the Line overhead B2 = B2 error BIT = Bit error ADM = Add / Drop Multiplexer 4.5.1 Service Disruption This feature is an out-of-service test of automatic protection switch times. Whereas the APS Timing feature can be used to monitor and measure an in-service network, the Service Disrup- tion requires either another test set to send a PRBS pattern or a loopback in the network.
  • Page 273 SONET –END- AIS-L 13:01:05 SER DIS: 128.19 ms 13:01:04 BERT START NOT SYNC 13:01:04 SONET START AIS-L 13:01:04 In this example, the service disruption lasted 128.19 ms. The Event Status screen can record an unlimited number of service disruptions while the measurement is running. 6) Service Disruption statistics are shown in the BIT Perfor- mance Screen as follows: SERVICE DISRUPTION (ms)
  • Page 274 SunSet OCx Rev. D...

  • Page 275: Chapter 5 Reference

    Chapter 5 Reference This chapter provides miscellaneous useful information. In- cluded are common abbreviations and definitions, troubleshoot- ing, procedures and the Express Limited Warranty. Specifications are also featured. 5.1 Abbreviations AC - Alternating Current ACK - Acknowledge ADM - Add/Drop Multiplex AFBER - Average Framing Bit Error Rate AIS - Alarm Indication Signal AISS - Alarm Indication Signal Seconds...
  • Page 276 CLKSLIP - Clock Slip CLR - Clear CNFG - Configuration COD - Code COFA - Change of Frame Alignment CONFIG - Configuration CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC-6 - Cyclic Redundancy Check Code - 6 CSU - Customer Service Unit CTL- Control dB - decibel dBm - dB reference to one milliwat;...
  • Page 277 FBE - Framing Bit Error FBER - Framing Bit Error Rate FDL - Facility Data Link FEAC - Far End Alarm and Control Channel FEBE - Far end Block Error FELP - Far End Loop FERF - Far End Receive Failure FERFS - Far End Receive Failure Seconds FREQ - Frequency FRM - Frame...
  • Page 278 MAX - Maximum mbps - megabits per second MF - Multi-Frequency MIN - Minimum MON - Monitor Mux - Multiplex mW - milliwatt NDF - New Data Flag; NI - Network Interface NIU - Network Interface Unit NOTE - Network Office Terminating Equipment NV RAM - Non Volatile Random Access Memory OC - Optical Carrier OH - Overhead...
  • Page 279 REF - Reference RFI - Remote Failure Indicator RT - Remaining Time RX - Receive S/N - Serial Number, also Signal to Noise Ratio SCRN - Screen SEFE - Severely Errored Framing Event SES - Severely Errored Second SF - Super Frame SIG - Signal SHLF - Shelf SLC-96 - Subscriber Loop Carrier - 96 channel...

  • Page 280: Standard Test Patterns

    VAC - Volts AC VF - Voice Frequency VT - Virtual Tributary WDR - Wander YEL - Yellow (Alarm) YEL ALM - Yellow Alarm YELS - Yellow Alarm Second 5.2 Standard Test Patterns Pattern Definitions This section defines the patterns transmitted and recognized by the SunSet OCx.
  • Page 281 511: The 511-bit code used for DDS applications. 127: The 127-bit code used for DDS applications. 63: The 63-bit code used for DDS applications. QRSS: This is the Quasi Random Signal pattern. It is formed from a 20-stage shift register and is zero-constrained for a maximum of 14 consecutive zeros.
  • Page 282 is frame aligned (f is the framing bit) as shown in its binary form: f 0100 0000 1-16: The 1 in 16 pattern is used for overstressing AMI lines. It violates industry standards for pulse density. Therefore an AMI circuit that fails this test could still be a good circuit. The pattern is frame aligned ("f"...
  • Page 283 stress testing T1 circuits and network elements. If transmitted in a framed signal with AMI coding, it will violate the 15-zero constraint. It does not violate the zeros constraint in an unframed signal. If framed, the framing bit is inserted at octet boundaries. Note that the Daly 55 octet pattern replaced the original 55 octet pattern.

  • Page 284: Technology Overview

    Technology Overview The following section gives you an overview of SONET, T3, and T1 technology. It also shows you the basics of troubleshoot- ing and performance maintenance for these three circuits. 5.3 SONET Technology This section is an introductory guide to the Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) standards, and presents an overview of the associated technology and applications.

  • Page 285: The Sonet Network

    5.3.2 The SONET Network: Architecture & Devices The lowest level SONET is termed the Synchronous Transport Signal Level 1 (STS-1); this signal has a rate of 51.84 Mbps. Its optical equivalent, as obtained by a direct electrical conversion of the STS-1 signal, is the OC-1, Optical Carrier Level 1. The higher level signals are obtained by the byte-interleaved mapping of lower level signals.
  • Page 286 nine columns are overhead. Since error checking is usually only done once for the entire frame, only the overhead in the first STS is usually actually used. The remaining overhead is left as undefined. The STS-1s are still accessible in a higher STS-n rate. Concatenated payloads, designated STS-Nc or OC-Nc, are not divided into individual STS-1 channels.
  • Page 287 Virtual Tributaries SONET also defines synchronous formats at sub-STS-1 lev- els. The STS-1 payload is subdivided into virtual tributaries (VTs)- synchronous signals used to transport lower-speed transmis- sions. • STS-1 SPE has a channel capacity of 50.11 Mbps; designed to transport a DS3 tributary signal. •...
  • Page 288 ture: Concatenated Rates Concatenated Rates 10 Gb 10 Gb OC-192 OC-192 OC-192c OC-192c 2.5 Gb 2.5 Gb OC-48 OC-48 OC-48c OC-48c 622 Mb 622 Mb OC-12 OC-12 OC-12c OC-12c 155 Mb 155 Mb OC-3 OC-3 OC-3c OC-3c SPE 3c 140 Mb (E4) SPE 3c 140 Mb (E4) 51.8 Mb 51.8 Mb...
  • Page 289 be used to interconnect a much larger number of STS-1s. It is ideally used at a SONET hub. 5) Regenerator: required for SONET and transmission over 35 miles. These are not just simple signal reconstituters, but have alarm and error checking capability. Figure 182 provides an illustration of SONET architecture and devices.

  • Page 290: Frame Formats

    5.3.3 Frame Formats Figure 183 displays the frame format of the STS-1 signal. The STS-1 frame format is usually depicted as a matrix of 9 rows of 90 bytes. The signal bits are transmitted starting with those on the top left hand byte in row 1, until all the bits in the 90th (last) byte in row 2 are transmitted.
  • Page 291 monitoring, bit-error monitoring, and data communications chan- nels). The STS-1 payload has the ability to transport up to 28 DS1s or 1 DS3. The next two figures show different ways of looking at the STS- n frames. The first gives an overview, the second shows the specifics of the overhead and the interleaved payload.

  • Page 292: Overhead

    5.3.4 STS-1 Overhead The SONET network may be described in terms of three different network spans. These spans allows for fault sectionalization. • PATH: allows network performance to be maintained from a customer service end-to-end perspective • LINE: allows network performance to be maintained between transport nodes.
  • Page 293 Each overhead consists of: Section Overhead • framing • performance monitoring • local orderwire • data communicatiosn channel (132 kb) Line Overhead • pointer to the start of the synchronous payload envelope • performance monitoring of the individual STS-1s • express orderwire •...
  • Page 294 Notes: Bytes after slash apply to 2nd through Nth byte of STS-N signal. Alternative, newer labels are listed in parenthesis. A: Framing B: Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP-8) D: Data Communications Channel (DCC) E: Orderwire F: User G: Status H: Pointer J: Trace K: Protection Switching Z: Growth...
  • Page 295 Further Section Overhead Definition • The framing bytes, A1 and A2, provide a frame alignment pattern (11110110 00101000, binary, F6 28 hex). • The B1, parity check, byte, provides section error monitoring. It uses a bit-interleaved parity 8 code (BIP-8), with even parity. •...
  • Page 296 tenance, alarm, and other communications needs. • The S1 byte provides synchronization status, reporting on the signal clock source and quality. • The E2 byte provides an express orderwire channel for voice communications between line terminating equipment. • M0 is used for Remote Error Indication (REI-L). This provides a count of the far end line B2 errors.
  • Page 297 Pointer Value: 0 to 103 VT Size BIP-2 RFI-V RDI-V 00 = VT6 01 = VT3 10 = VT2 11 = VT1.5 REI-V Signal Label V1-V2 VT Payload Pointer (Analogous to H1-H2) Pointer Action (Analogous to H3) Undefined Signal label and error monitoring (Analogous to B3, C2, and G1) Signal Label 000 = Unequipped...

  • Page 298: Performance Monitoring

    5.3.5 Performance Monitoring Some overhead bytes contain special functions, like Path Overhead byte G1’s alarm and performance information. These bytes make effective “in-service” testing possible within a SONET network. Loss of Signal (LOS), Loss of Frame (LOF), and Loss of Pointer (LOP) cause Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) to be transmitted downstream.
  • Page 299 Loss of Pointer: LOP LOP occurs for path or virtual tributaries when there is no valid pointer for 8 to 10 frames. The LOP is cleared when a valid pointer appears for 3 consecutive frames. Payload Label Mismatch: PLM PLM occurs when the value of the C2 byte does not mach the expected value, indicating that two network elements are not configured for the same payload.

  • Page 300: Enhanced Rdi: Erdi

    problem. SONET RDI, like AIS, comes in three varieties. Older specifi- cations use FERF instead instead of RDI. An RDI that lasts for 2.5 ± 0.5 seconds becomes an RFI “Remote Failure Indication.” Line RDI is triggered by AIS-L, LOS, or LOF. RDI-L is indicated by setting bits 6-8 of the K2 byte to “110.”...
  • Page 301 Z7 Bits V5 Bit ERDI-P Trigger Interpretation Priority y x x No defects No RDI-V defect RDI-V y x x AIS-V, LOP-V one-bit RDI-V defect 1 0 1 1 0 1 AIS-V, LOP-V AIS-V, LOP-V ERDI-V Server defect ERDI-V Server defect 1 1 0 1 1 0 UNEQ-V, TIM-V...

  • Page 302: Performance Monitoring Parameters

    For example, if the test set detects a B2 (Line) error, but not a B1 (Section) error, the problem originates before the last regenera- tor. If multiple types of parity errors occur simultaneously, they are probably caused by the same fault and the technician should focus on the closest one.
  • Page 303 ES-S. If there is 1 B1 errors a second for five seconds, there would be 5 CV-S and 5 ES-S. SES: Severely Errored Seconds SES is any second that exceed a specified threshold of errors or AIS/RDI. SES-S will also be counted for Loss of Signal (LOS) and Severely Errored Frame (SEF) The threshold depends on the line rate and type of error.
  • Page 304 VT PATH PATH LINE SECTION OC-n Repeater Repeater Path AIS (H1 H2) VT PATH AIS Line AIS (V1 V2) (K2) Tributary AIS FERF (K2) FERF (K2) Tributary (G1) (G1) Yel Alarm (V5) (V5) FEBE FEBE (G1) (G1) BIP-2 FEBE (V5) (V5) FEBE FEBE...
  • Page 305 STS Path (SP) LOP-P Path Loss of Pointer NDF-P Path New Data Flag AIS-P Path AIS B3 (8 bits) Path error monitoring UNEQ-P Path UNEQuipped RDI-P Path Remote Defect Indication (formerly known as STS Path FERF) ERDI-P PAY Path RDI Payload Defect ERDI-P SER Path RDI Server Defect ERDI-P CON...

  • Page 306: Ds3 Transmission

    5.4 DS3 Transmission 5.4.1 Introduction DS3 Usage DS3s are used for a variety of purposes. They are widely embedded in the network transport architecture as a convenient means of carrying 672 voice channels in one circuit. Newer T3 applications include the transport of broadcast-quality video, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) physical layer connections, and supercomputer direct links.
  • Page 307 inputs and cross-connects the DS1s inside the DS3s. See Figure 192 for a simple example of typical equipment in a DS3 circuit. FIBER FIBER Figure 192 Typical DS3 Circuit DS3 Signal A DS3 signal consists of digital data transmitted at 44.736 megabits per second (Mbps), plus or minus 20 parts per million.

  • Page 308: Framing And Alarms

    at all. The pulse is transmitted at a peak voltage of between 0.36 and 0.85 Volts base to peak. The polarity of each pulse is opposite from the previous pulse, hence the name alternate mark inver- sion. AMI has the benefit that the main spectral component of the signal is at 1/2 the 44.736 Mbps bit rate, so that a given signal can be transmitted farther on a coaxial cable.
  • Page 309 The next figure shows the basic DS3 framing format used by both the M13 and C-bit parity framing methods. NOTES: M-FRAME, 4760 BITS LONG 1) THE M-FRAME ALIGNMENT SIGNAL IS M1=0, M2=1, M3=0. 2) THE M-SUBFRAME ALIGNMENT SIGNAL IS F1=1, F2=0, F3=0, F4=1. BITS X2 BITS P1 BITS P2...
  • Page 310 AIS, Alarm Indication Signal, is used to indicate a transmission failure within the network. When any intermediate network ele- ment receives a loss of signal on its input, it is supposed to propagate an AIS on its output. Figure 196 shows how this works. Both the intermediate element that generates the AIS and the far end terminal that receives the AIS should generate an appropriate alarm to indicate that service has been lost.

  • Page 311: Ds3 Performance

    5.4.4 DS3 Performance Loopbacks Loopback testing lets you quickly verify the performance of a new DS3 circuit. Loopback testing can also help sectionalize a fault on a circuit that is out of service. Loopback capabilities are provided in DS3 NIUs and in some DS3/1 multiplexers.
  • Page 312 Each terminating element continuously monitors its incoming signal for CP-bit path errors. If an error is detected on the incoming DS3, the terminating elements transmits a FEBE (Far End Block Error) bit on the outgoing direction of the DS3. Network monitoring equipment located anywhere along the path then measures these FEBEs in each direction to gauge the quality of the circuit while it is in service.

  • Page 313: Ds1 Transmission

    5.5 DS1 Transmission 5.5.1 Introduction DS1 Usage T1s are used for a variety of purposes. They are widely embedded in the network distribution architecture as a conve- nient means of reducing cable pair counts by carrying 24 voice channels in one 4 wire circuit. End users have migrated their private networks onto leased T1s as a means of reducing their network operation costs.

  • Page 314: Ds1 Network Elements

    5.5.2 DS1 Network Elements As shown in the next figure, a rich variety of equipment is available for T1 circuits. CUSTOMER PREMISES CENTRAL OFFICE DSX-1 SONET CENTRAL OFFICE DSX-1 SONET CUSTOMER PREMISES Figure 200 DS1 Network Elements CSUs, or Customer Service Units, can convert a V.35 or other computer-based synchronous signal format into the DS1 format and insert the appropriate DS1 framing.
  • Page 315 form of transmission, and has several types of associated net- work elements. Regenerative repeaters are located up to 6000 feet apart on a twisted pair span, within 3000 feet of the central office and the customer premises in order to avoid cross-talk problems when the signal is carried on building wiring.
  • Page 316 DS1 Signal The DS1 signal is a 1.544 Mbps 3.0 Volt signal. Like the DS3 signal, it uses a bipolar format. Unlike DS3, there are two line codes used in transmission, Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) and Bipolar 8-Zero Substitution (B8ZS). AMI was the original line code used when DS1 was first introduced.

  • Page 317: T1 Framing

    5.5.3 T1 Framing T1 framing is simpler than DS3 framing. In T1, there are 192 data bits and one framing bit. With framing, you can tell where the first bit of the frame is. Most T1s are arranged with 24 channels of data, with one byte (8 bits) transmitted per channel per frame.
  • Page 318 device along the line can do the same division process and compare its remainder to the CRC-6 bits. If the two figures are not identical, then the monitoring device can assume that a transmis- sion error has occurred somewhere between the measurement point and the origin of the ESF-framed signal.
  • Page 319 it provides a more constant signal to noise ratio at a wide range of volumes. Each 8-bit word occupies one channel in one frame. Because there are 24 channels available, up to 24 conversations can be carried on the T1 signal. 125 MICRO SECONDS 1) SAMPLING THE SIGNAL SIGNAL VOLTAGE...

  • Page 320: Ds1 Performance

    5.5.4 DS1 Performance Switching A basic understanding of switching is helpful when trouble- shooting T1 problems. The DS3 transmission section pointed out that DS1, DS2, and DS3 signals are plesiochronous, that is, they are not frequency-locked with respect to each other. The DS2 and DS3 signals have stuff bits built into the framing, so that all signals can be slipping with respect to each other and not cause any transmission errors at all.
  • Page 321 When the buffer empties, the switch must insert extra data in each of the timeslots that are transmitted on the cross-connected channels. An error has now occurred, because what is transmit- ted is not the same as what is received. Likewise, if any received DS1's frequency is higher than the switch, sooner or later the receive buffer will overflow because bits are coming in faster than they are being taken out.
  • Page 322 TOLL OFFICE TOLL SWITCH MASTER CENTRAL OFFICE SLAVE CLASS 5 SWITCH MASTER CUSTOMER PREMISES SLAVE MASTER CUSTOMER PREMISES SLAVE Figure 204 Timing Distribution A network element which is slave timed to another network element may also be the master to other network elements attached to it.
  • Page 323 AIS and Yellow Alarms In DS1, AIS and yellow alarms work just like they do in DS3. An intermediate network element such as an M13 multiplex, 1x1 DCS, or SONET mux, is supposed transmit AIS downstream when it receives a loss of signal. The DS1 AIS is an all 1s unframed signal.
  • Page 324 available from the central office during a fault sectionalization process. CENTRAL OFFICE DSX-1 CUSTOMER PREMISES Figure 206 DS1 Loopback Testing SunSet OCx Rev. D...

  • Page 325: Troubleshooting

    5.6 Troubleshooting Here are some helpful suggestions for when your test set is not performing as expected. Problem: PULSES, FRAME, ERRORS and other LEDs are red, but there should be no problem. Suggestions: 1) Test Configuration may be incorrect. When the receiver has been connected, press the AUTO key.
  • Page 326 Each software cartridge is programmed for a specific test set. If software cartridges are swapped between test sets, your test set will not work properly. 2) Call Customer Service. Problem: Test set performs improperly. Suggestion: 1) Try changing the Test Configuration settings, then changing them back.

  • Page 327: Calibration

    Sunrise Telecom for calibration. Sunrise Telecom recommends that this procedure be per- formed once per year to verify proper calibration of the unit. If you encounter any errors or problems during this procedure, contact Sunrise Telecom Customer Service.
  • Page 328 8) Return to the MAIN MENU and go to MEASUREMENT RE- SULTS. STOP (F3) the current measurement then press START (F3) to restart the measurement. 9) Press PAGE-UP (F1) twice to view the SIGNAL MEASURE- MENTS LINE 1 screen. Verify that the Vpk is between 2.700 and 3.300 V.
  • Page 329 T3 Procedure 16) Connect a single BNC to single BNC cord from T3 Tx to T3 Rx. 17) Enter TEST CONFIGURATION and configure the test set for: TEST MODE: PT-PT INTERFACE: DS3 PAYLOAD: DS3 FRAME: C-BIT TxLVL: DSX TxSRC: PATTERN RxLVL: DSX TxCLK: INTERN 18) If necessary, press the HISTORY key to acknowledge the...
  • Page 330 24) Return to the MAIN MENU and go to MEASUREMENT RESULTS. STOP (F3) the current measurement then press START (F3) to restart the measurement. 25) Press PAGE-UP (F1) twice to view the SIGNAL MEASURE- MENTS STS-1 screen. Verify that the Vpk is between 0. 650 and 0.800 V.
  • Page 331 32) Note the optical PWR reading. Using an independent, cali- brated optical power meter, confirm that the optical power is within 2 dBm of the PWR reading. 33) Verify that the transmitted power of the SunSet OCx is within the range specified on the side of the unit. 34) Repeat steps 27 through 32 for each of the following rates, as applicable: INTERFACE: OC-12...

  • Page 332: Customer Service

    5.8 Customer Service Sunrise Telecom Customer Service is available 24 hours a day. Customer Service performs the following functions: · Answers customer questions over the phone on such topics as product operation and repair · Repairs malfunctioning SunSets promptly ·...

  • Page 333: Express Limited Warranty

    5.9 Express Limited Warranty A. Hardware Coverage. COMPANY warrants hardware prod- ucts against defects in materials and workmanship. During the warranty period COMPANY will, at its sole option, either (i) refund of CUSTOMER’S purchase price without interest, (ii) repair said products, or (iii) replace hardware products which prove to be defective;...
  • Page 334 D. Only for CUSTOMER. COMPANY makes this warranty only for the benefit of CUSTOMER and not for the benefit of any subsequent purchaser or licensee of any merchandise. E. LIMITATION ON WARRANTY. THIS CONSTITUTES THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY MADE BY COMPANY WITH RESPECT TO HARDWARE, SOFTWARE AND FIRM- WARE.

  • Page 335: Specs & Configs

    5.10 Specs & Configs 5.10.1 Specifications OC-12/3 CONNECTORS OC-1/3/12: SCPC SM-F (default) or FCPC SM-F (SSOCx-FC) STS-1 and DS3: BNC DS1: Bantam, Line 1 and 2 External Clock: BNC Handset Port: 4-pin modular plug Serial Port: 8-pin Mini DIN RS232C (V.24), DTE DC Power OC-48 CONNECTORS OC-3/12/48: Universal field interchangeable connector Adapters...
  • Page 336 OC-12/3 SONET Rates: STS-1, OC-1, OC-3, OC-12 Payloads: OC-12c, OC-3c, DS3, DS3/DS1, VT1.5 Asynchronous Clock Source Internal: 19.44 MHz, ±5 ppm Loop: Recovered, ±300 ppm BITS: ±5 ppm Framing: Conforms to ANSI T1.105 and Bellcore TR-253 Line Coding: B3ZS (STS-1), NRZ (Optical) Optical Transmitter Wavelength: 1310 nm (standard) or 1550 nm (SSOCx-15) Power Output: -15 to -8 dBm (1310), -5 to 0 dBm (1550)
  • Page 337 Loop: Recovered, ± 300 ppm BITS: ± 5 ppm Framing: Conforms to ANSI T1.105 and Telcordia GR-253 Line Coding: B3ZS (STS-1), NRZ (Optical) Standard Chassis (SSOCx-E) Transmitter – Wavelength: 1310 nm typical – Power: -10 dBm to -8 dBm Receiver –...
  • Page 338 Transmitter 2 – Wavelength: 1550 nm typical – Power: -3 dBm to +3 dBm Receiver – Wavelength: 1100 nm to 1600 nm – Range : -26 dBm to -7 dBm – Typical low sensitivity : -30 dBm Multimode Dual Wavelength Option (SSOCx-DW-48-2) Connectors: 3 each LCPC Transmitter 1...
  • Page 339 OC-48c Test Patterns -1, 2 -1, 2 -1, All 1s, All 0s, Alt 1010 10 user patterns defined up to 16 bits. Pattern names up to 10 characters Test pattern inversion Other Test Patterns based on DS3, DS1, or VT1.5 payload Error Injection: Frame, Line FEBE, Path FEBE, VT FEBE, B1, B2, B3, VT BIP, Bit, plus other payload errors Alarm Generation: AIS, Line AIS, Line RDI, Path AIS, Path RDI,...
  • Page 340 Framing Unframed, M13, and C-bit Conforms to ANSI T1.102, 107, 107A, 403, & 404, and Telcordia TR-TSY-000009 & TR-TSY-000191 Coding: B3ZS Transmitter High, DSX, Low Pulse Shape: Conforms to ITU-T G.703, Telcordia TR-TSY- 000499 Receiver Input Impedance: 75Ω DSX: Up to 26 dB resistive or 6 dB cable loss from DSX High/Low: +6 dB to -26 dB resistive loss Jitter tolerance: Conforms to Telcordia TR-TSY-000009 Test Patterns...
  • Page 341 Receiver Terminate: +6 to -36 dB cable loss, 100 ohm, ±1% Bridge: +6 to -36 dB cable loss, >1000 ohm DSX Monitor: -15 to -25 dB, resistive; 100 ohm, ±1% Test Patterns -1, 2 -1, 2 -1, 2047, 511, 127, 63, QRSS, All 1s, All 0s, Alt 1010, 1-8, 1-16, 3-24, 1-4, 55-DALY, 55-Octet, FOX, Yellow, Idle 10 user patterns defined up to 32 bits.
  • Page 342 Programmable error burst 1 to 9999 count, or error rate 2 x 10 to 1 x 10 Alarm Generation: AIS, Yellow, Idle Fractional T1 Error measurements, channel configuration verification Nx64 kbps, Nx56 kbps, N=1 to 24 OC-12/3 MEASUREMENTS G.821 and general errors: Bit error, bit error rate, errored sec- onds, %errored seconds, severely errored seconds, %se- verely errored seconds, error-free seconds, %error-free sec- onds, available seconds, unavailable seconds, sync loss...
  • Page 343 Signal Measurements Signal available seconds count and percent, loss of signal seconds count and percent, low density seconds count, ex- cess 0s seconds count, AIS seconds count Receive bit rate: 1542 to 1546 kbps, ±1 bps, external or internal clock Receive level (volts and dBdsx): Vpk Frequency Measurements Moving bar graph of slip count, max frequency, min frequency,...
  • Page 344 DS1 Signal: BPV, BPV Rate, EXZS, LDNS, Vpk, Power, Fre- quency, Min/Max Frequency, Clock Slips, +Wander, -Wander Bit Performance (G.821): Bit errors, BER, errored seconds, %errored seconds, severely errored seconds, %severely errored seconds, unavailable seconds, %unavailable seconds, error free seconds, %error free seconds, available seconds, %available seconds, pattern loss, %pattern loss OC-12/3 Loopback and Span Control Inband, ESF datalink, and user programmable 24 bits...
  • Page 345 Signal-to-Noise (S/N) Noise with filters: 3-kHz flat, C-message, C-notch OC-48 Voice Frequency Functions Monitor speaker with volume control for Line 1 & 2 Built-in microphone/speaker or optional handset View all 24 channel A,B (C,D) bits for Line 1 & 2 Control A,B (C,D) bits (E&M, on/off hook, wink) Companding law - u Law VF Level and Frequency Measurement...

  • Page 346: Software Options

    PULSE MASK ANALYSIS (SWOC DS1 and DS3 Pulse Mask Measurements: Pass/Fail, rise time, fall time, pulse width, % overshoot, % undershoot DS1 Resolution: 1 ns DS3 Resolution: 1.65 ns DS1 Masks: ANSI T1.102, T1.403. AT&T CB119, Pub 62411 DS1 Scan Period: 800 ns DS3 Masks: T1.404 Pulse/Mask Display: Test set screen and printer Intelligent Span Control (SWOCx-N)
  • Page 347 DTMF digits, 0 - 9, *, #, A, B, C, D, Pause DP digits, 0 - 9, Pause Programmable interdigital period, tone period, & tone level (MF, DTMF) Programmable %break and interdigital period @ 10 pps (DP) MF/DTMF decode up to 40 received digits. Analyze number, high/ low frequencies, high/low levels, twist, tone period, interdigital time.

  • Page 348: Configurations

    Storage temperature: -4°F to 158°F (-20°C to 70°C) Size: 4 x 2.8 x 10.5 in (10.5 x 7 x 27 cm) Weight: 3 lb (1.3 kg) Battery Built-in NiMH rechargeable battery pack Operation time: .75 to 3 hours AC operation: 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz universal charger 3 year warranty on chassis, 1 year warranty on accessories &...

  • Page 349: Hardware Options

    HARDWARE OPTIONS SSOCx-FC-3 FC optical connector for SSOCx-A, SSOCx-B, SSOCx-C. Replaces standard SC connectors SSOCx-FC-12 FC optical connector for SSOCx-D Replaces standard SC connectors SSOCx-ST ST optical connectors - Replaces standard SC con- nectors. Requires SSOCx-E. SSOCx-1550 Long range 1550 nm optics - Replaces standard intermediate range 1310 nm optics.
  • Page 350 SWOCx-R2 Frame Relay NNI3 (Q2 2001). Requires SWOCx- SWOCx-S1 SS7 Protocol Analysis1 SWOCx-S2 SS7 TCAP Analysis1 (Q2 2001). Requires SWOCx- SWOCx-U APS Timing Note 1: Refer to Signaling option specification sheet. Note 2: Refer to ATM option specification sheet. Note 3: Refer to Frame Relay option specification sheet. OPTICAL ACCESSORIES SA501 Optical Cable;...
  • Page 351 SS117 Printer Paper, 5 rolls, for SS118B/C SS118B High Capacity Thermal Printer. With internal recharge able battery. Includes cable (SS115D) for connection to SunSet and 110 VAC charger. SS118C High Capacity Thermal Printer. With internal recharge able battery. Includes cable (SS115D) for connection to SunSet &...

  • Page 352: Ssocx-E Oc-48 Configurations

    5.10.2.2 SSOCx-e OC-48 Configurations SSOCx-E SunSet OCx: DS1 to OC-48c CLEI: TBD/CPR: TBD Configuration includes: Dual DS1 Testing, DS3 Testing, DS0 Drop/Insert, Frac- tional T1, SunSet Rubber Holster (SS143B), Software Car- tridge (SA708), Data Storage Card (SA720), Internal NiMH battery (SS140), AC Adapter (SS138D), Power Cord (SS145A), Cable (SS115-OCx;...
  • Page 353 Includes Supplemental Manual SA901-01 SWOCx-K ATM Analysis at OC-12c Requires SSOCx-D or SSOCx-E. Includes Supplemental Manual SA901-01 SWOCx-N Intelligent Span Control SWOCx-O DS1 Data link SWOCx-P CSU/NIU Emulation SWOCx-S1 SS7 Protocol Analysis SWOCx-S2 SS7 TCAP Analysis Requires SWOCx-S1. SWOCx-U APS Timing SWOCx-W ATM Analysis at OC-48c Note 1: Refer to Signaling option specification sheet.
  • Page 354 SS111 Cable, dual bantam to 15-pin D connector (f), 6' SS112 Cable, 2 single bantams to RJ-48 8-position modular plug, 6' SS115C DIN-8 to 6-pin RJ-11 Printer Cable. Compatible with the STAR DP-8340 printer interface. SS115D DIN-8 to DB-9 Printer Cable. Included when either SWOCx-M1/M2 or SS118B/C is ordered.

  • Page 355: Index

    Index Symbols End-to-End Test 262 End-to-Loopback Test 263 %BREAK 204 J0 Section Trace (OC-48 %SES 131 units only) 259 1-16 280 J1 Path Trace 259 1-4 279 Monitor an In-Service 1-8 279 Circuit 251 10.1 SPECIFICATIONS 333 Monitor Line Overhead 256 1010 pattern Monitor Path Overhead 257 AIS 308...
  • Page 356 B8ZS 62, 67, 314 codeword 189 B8ZS coding 31 FEAC 178 Back light 21, 323 Color LCD Notes 38 Timer 240 Configurations 44, 346 Bantam connectors 32 Connector Panel 32–34 battery 16 CONTINU 98 Charging 10, 323 contrast LOW BATT LED 28 key 25 replacing 16 Contrast Control 323...
  • Page 357 BER 130 REFCLCK 124 BIT 130 Vpk 124 ES 130 DS2 Measurements 119 PATLS 132 AISS 119 SES 131 FE 120 UAS 131 LOFS 119 DS1 Defects 122 YELS 119 AIS 122 LOF 122 AIS 279 YEL 122 Framing 306 DS1 Dual 70 Framing and Alarms 306 DS1 Features 173, 181...
  • Page 358 DS3 Settings 60 External timing DSX MON 68 DS1 68 DSX-3 MON jack 61 DSX-3 OUT jack 61 dual wavelength units 31 F-keys optical wavelength 95 HELP 38 F2 byte 294 Failure Counts 301 E1 byte 293 fault sectionalization Edit C2 Signal Label Byte 150 SONET 290 Electrical Signal Measure- FEAC 86, 309...
  • Page 359 Main Menu 39 019 Color Main Menu 041 HDSL Loopback Menu Screen 39 020 Rates and Payloads 042 HDSL NIU Loopback 021 Test Configuration, 043 DS3/DS1 C-bit FEAC Screen 1 44 Screen 86 022 Point-to-Point: TxSRC 044 DS1 Send Test Pattern - PATRN 45 023 Point-to-Point: TxSRC 045 DS3 Test Patterns 89...
  • Page 360 065 OC3/DS3 DS3 Results B 116 090 Send Z4/K3 Bytes 066 OC3/DS1 DS2 Screen 151 Results 119 091 Send V5 Bytes Screen 067 DS1 Line Measure- ments 121 092 Send K4 Bytes Screen 068 DS1 Dual Summary Screen 121 093 1+1 APS Architecture 069 Dual DS1 Defects Screen 122 094 APS Measurement...
  • Page 361 115 DS1 Features Menu 140 Noise Measurement 116 DS1 View Received 141 Other Features Menu Data 182 117 ESF Datalink Menu 142 Error Injection, Single Rate (DS1) 219 118 Monitor ESF BPM 143 Optical Error Injection Screen 185 (OCx-E sample) 220 119 Monitored BPM 144 Error Injection Options Messages, Decoded 185...
  • Page 362 164 Plugging into STX- 193 DS3 Data Transmis- MON 255 sion 305 165 Section Overhead 194 DS3 Framing: C-bit Screen 255 Parity & M23 307 166 SONET Overhead 195 DS3 Idle Signal 307 Layout 256 196 Generation of DS3 AIS 167 H1/H2 Pointers 260 168 End-to-End Testing 197 Generation of DS3...
  • Page 363 framing bytes SONET 293 K1 channel number 139 FREQ 100, 103 K1, K2 154 frequency 201 K1, K2 Bytes Frequency Synchronization send 143 K2 channel number 139 Front View Description 17 K3 byte 151 FSBEE 187 K4 byte 153 Keys 18–27 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 27 General Config 239 A, B, C, D, E*, F# 26...
  • Page 364 FRAME (SONET) 28 FRAME, T3-T1 29 M13 60 green 27 Framing 306 ON 28, 33 M13 multiplexes 313 PAT SYNC 27 M13 mux 304 POINTER 29, 31 Maintenance signals POWER 27 SONET 296 PULSES, laser 28 Master/slave timing 319 PULSES, T1-1 30 Measurement PULSES, T3-T1 29 APS 154...

  • Page 365: Network Code

    Measurements VF 201 Menu tree 37 LED 33 Monitor BPM 184 ONET Optical Signal Mea- Monitor DS3 FEAC 176 surements Monitor PRM 186 FREQ 110 multiplexer LOSS 110 loopbacks 309 MAX 110 MUXTest and MUXMode MIN 110 Configuration 46 PWR 110 optic connectors cleaning 14 OPTIC WAVELENGTH 235...
  • Page 366 PERD 216 PULSES, T3-T1 Performance Monitoring 296 LED 29 Performance Monitoring Purchase order number 330 Parameters 300 PWCUTTH 78 AS 301 CV 300 ES 300 QRSS 279 FC 301 Quick Test- I and - II 193 SEFS 300 quiet termination 199 SES 301 UAS 301 Place/Receive Calls 206...
  • Page 367 Section Overhead 291 End Results 107 Section Overhead Monitor B2 bytes 107 SONET APS Measurement Security Violation 323 SEFE 187 SONET Defects Results Send DS3 FEAC 177 Screen 102 Send S1 Bytes 144 AIS-L 103 Send Test Pattern 88 LOFS 103 Send V5 Byte 152 LOP-P/V 103 Send Z4/K3 Byte 151...
  • Page 368 System Configuration 230 B1 106 System Profiles LOFS 106 Default 245 LOSS 106 Delete 245 OOF 106 enter a new profile 244 SEFS 106 Stored 245 SONET Technology 282 SPE 288 SPRM 187 T/S 183 SRAM memory card 11 T1 Transmission 311 SS BITS 158 T1 Usage 311 SS bits 158...
  • Page 369 127 279 USER DIAL NUMBER 2047 278 208, 209 2e15 278 User Test Patterns 2e20 278 Creating a test pattern 92 2e23 278 Editing a user pattern 93 3-24 280 sending 91 511 279 Viewing 91 55DLY 280 55OCT 280 63 279 V5 byte 152 ALL0 279...
  • Page 370 Smart Jack 80 X-Bits 118 YELLOW 281 Yellow Alarm DS1 321 yellow alarm 122 Z bytes 294 Z4 byte 151 SunSet OCx Rev. D...

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