Introduction Introduction An adult patient simulator is a training complex consisting of the basic equipment, a PC and visualization system for clinical situations that simulate various patient reactions aligning the capabilities of the software. The simulator is intended for use in advanced training of skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), intensive care and life support for individuals and teams.
1 SETTING UP 1 Setting Up 1.1 Simulator charge • Connect the adapter cord to the simulator charger. Figure 1.1 Charger assembly • Remove the silicone pad on the left shoulder of the simulator. • Insert the charger plug into the slot under the power button and turn the plug clockwise until it clicks...
1 SETTING UP Figure 1.2 • Plug the charger into a power outlet (220 V) • Wait until the simulator is fully charged (may take up to six hours) • Running time is 4 hours 1.2 Smartscope charging • Take a smartscope •...
Page 11
1 SETTING UP Figure 1.3 Power connector • Plug the charger into a power outlet (220 V) • Wait until the smartscope is fully charged (may take up to 3 hours) • The smartscope running time is 5 hours, and up to 8 hours in the standby mode The LED located opposite to the port is used as a charge indicator (Figure 1.4).
Page 12
1 SETTING UP Figure 1.4 Charging indicator...
1 SETTING UP 1.3 Defibrillator/ECG charging • Take a unit (Defibrillator/ECG) (Figure 1.5); Figure 1.5 Defibrillator/ECG units • Insert the charger connector into the charging port of the device (Figure 1.6); Figure 1.6 Power connector...
Page 14
1 SETTING UP • Plug the charger into a power outlet (220 V) • Wait until the simulator is fully charged (may take up to 3 hours) • Running time is 8 hours The Power LED is used as a charge indicator. While the unit battery is charging, the Power LED will be blinking green.
1 SETTING UP 1.4 IO injections access unit change • Remove the silicone bandage located just below the left knee • Using the key from the service kit, turn the IO injection access unit counterclockwise so that the upper part of the unit is against the foot (Figure 1.7);...
Page 16
1 SETTING UP Figure 1.8 Placing a new IO injection access unit • Using the key from the service kit, turn the IO injection access unit clockwise so that the upper part of the unit is against the thigh...
2 STARTUP 2 Startup 2.1 Startup sequence • Unpack the main components of the simulator and put them on the table • Plug the WiFi router and allinone PC (bedside monitor) into a power outlet (220 V) • Press the power button (Power) on the router (the power button location depends on the router model).
2 STARTUP Figure 2.1 Power button If the Simulation Center software did not launched automatically, launch it manually by double clicking on the icon located on the tablet desktop. 2.2 WiFi router setting up and connecting • Find and right click on the WiFi icon WiFi in the bottom righthand corner of the control panel, select Network and Sharing Center (Figure 2.2) and left click on it...
Page 19
2 STARTUP Figure 2.2 Rightclick menu • In the Network and Sharing Center, select “Change adapter settings” (Figure 2.3) by left clicking on it Figure 2.3 Network and Sharing Center...
Page 20
2 STARTUP • Right click on the active WiFi adapter (Figure 2.4), connected to the tablet (USB WiFi adapter) and select Properties Figure 2.4 Network connection...
Page 21
2 STARTUP • In the Wireless Network Properties (Figure 2.5), left click on Internet Protocol Version (TСP/IРv4) Figure 2.5 Wireless Network Properties...
Page 22
2 STARTUP • Enter a static IP address in the Internet Protocol Version (TСP/IРv4) box (Figure 2.6) and click OK Figure 2.6 Properties: Internet Protocol Version (TCP/IPv4)
2 STARTUP 2.3 Connecting the Defibrillator/ECG unit To connect the Defibrillator/ECG unit: • Insert the charger connectors into the charging port of the device (Figure 1.6) • Press the switch button on the Defibrillator/ECG unit • After the Power indicator turns on, wait for the units to start up (takes about one minute) Figure 2.7 The Defibrillator/ECG units’...
Page 24
2 STARTUP Figure 2.8 Connected units’ indication in the Connections section in the Instructor software...
Page 25
2 STARTUP • Connect the defibrillator electrodes to the unit using the cable (Figure 2.9) Figure 2.9 Connecting the defibrillator electrodes to the unit...
Page 26
2 STARTUP • Connect the defibrillator monitor cable to the unit (Figure 2.10) Figure 2.10 Connecting the defibrillator to the unit...
Page 27
2 STARTUP • Connect the defibrillator display cable pinch grabbers to the unit (Figure 2.11) Figure 2.11 Connecting the monitor to the unit...
Page 28
2 STARTUP • After you finish all the above steps, it is recommended to connect the ECG electrode cable (Figure 2.12). Figure 2.12 Connecting the ECG electrode cable...
2 STARTUP It is recommended to use AXION Defibrillator (Figure 2.13). Figure 2.13 AXION Defibrillator 2.4 Connecting SpO2 probe A pulse oximeter is a device used to measure the heart rate (HR) and monitor a person’s oxygen saturation. Take the SpO2 cable and connect it to the ECG Monitor Adapter.
2 STARTUP 2.5 Turning on the smartscope • Do a short press on the power button once. The power button is located on the opposite side of the charging port • Wait until the smartscope is ready (takes about a minute) •...
2 STARTUP 2.6 Switching on the allinone PC (bedside monitor) • Press the power button on the bedside monitor (the power button location depends on the bedside monitor model) • Wait for the bedside monitor software to launch (about 12 minutes) •...
2 STARTUP 2.7 Connections Connections menu shows available active connections of the system components. Active connections are marked green, disabled connections are marked red. Figure 2.17 The Connections tab in the Instructor Software...
3 AUTHENTICATION 3 Authentication Authentication in the Instructor Software The Simulation Center software runs automatically after the instructor’s tablet is turned on and when the simulator starts up. After launching the Simulation Center software, go to the Instructor section. If for some reason the Simulation Center software did not start automatically, launch the software manually by clicking on the relevant icon on the desktop.
Page 35
3 AUTHENTICATION Figure 3.1 Instructor Software authentication window In the authentication menu (Figure 3.1) you can change the software interface language. The available languages are represented as icons of flags located under the Accept button. To change the software interface language, click on the relevant flag icon.
4 INSTRUCTOR SOFTWARE MAIN MENU 4 Instructor Software main menu To open the Instructor software sections list, click on Figure 4.1 Instructor Software main menu The following sections (Figure 4.1) are available in the program main menu: • Automated Scenarios. Contains a list of all available automatic scenarios (cannot be changed).
Page 37
4 INSTRUCTOR SOFTWARE MAIN MENU • Themes. Contains a list of available training topics (for certain skill learning and mastering). • Students. Contains a general list of students and study groups. Creating student profiles and study groups. • Debriefing. Contains a list and review of all completed exercises.
5 EXERCISE SELECTION AND LAUNCH 5 Exercise selection and launch Training scenario tabs are found in the software main menu. To open the tab of the required mode, click on its name in the list. After that, the general menu will appear on the right side of the screen containing a list of all exercises available for this mode and the general information for each of the exercises.
Page 39
5 EXERCISE SELECTION AND LAUNCH Figure 5.2 The exercise start menu for the Manual Mode The patient data includes: • Name • Age • Sex • Height • Weight...
5 EXERCISE SELECTION AND LAUNCH Training materials include: • Case history: the patient’s disease/state records as at the beginning of the scenario. • Description: methodological description of the disease or physical state. • Learning Objectives: a list of basic skills that the exercise is intended to practice.
Page 41
5 EXERCISE SELECTION AND LAUNCH Figure 5.3 List of scenarios (example) To select an exercise from the list, click on its name. The color of scenario name changes, information window (Figure 5.1)/(Figure 5.2) opens in the field to the right. Use a search bar located at the top of the main list to find the required exercise.
5 EXERCISE SELECTION AND LAUNCH Figure 5.4 Example of a closed (A) and opened (B) group of scenarios 5.2 Startup To run an exercise: • Turn on the instructor’s tablet (see the StartUp section) • Wait for the Simulation Center Software to launch. If, for some reason, the Simulation Center did not start automatically, launch the program manually by clicking on the icon on the desktop •...
Page 43
5 EXERCISE SELECTION AND LAUNCH • Press the Start button Figure 5.5 The Start button • In the new window, press Start to activate the scenario • Click on Change Parameters to reset the initial settings of the selected scenario...
6 IMITATION OF LIFE PROCESSES 6 Imitation of life processes 6.1 Simulator body The body has realistic mobility in the spine, neck, lumbar sections and main joints. The mobility is achieved by the imitation of the human musculoskeletal system, which includes: •...
Page 45
6 IMITATION OF LIFE PROCESSES Figure 6.1 Programmable blinking • Automatic pupillary light response reflecting the patient physiological status (Figure 6.2);...
Page 46
6 IMITATION OF LIFE PROCESSES Figure 6.2 Pupillary light reflex • Tonic and clonic convulsions • Bendable & flexible lumbar region • Mobility in all joints • Head tilt angle control • Jaw thrust control • Automated touchinduced pupillary response •...
6 IMITATION OF LIFE PROCESSES The silicon skin of the simulator is realistic in appearance and feel. There are interchangeable models of «wounded» arms and legs to support modular training. 6.2 Respiratory system The respiratory system of the simulator includes the entirely independent right and left lungs.
6 IMITATION OF LIFE PROCESSES Figure 6.3 Orotracheal intubation 6.3 Auscultation and palpation Auscultation, anterior and posterior, includes heart, breathing, bowel and Korotkoff sounds auscultation. Breathing sounds are independent and are not generated by either lung ventilation in case of spontaneous or mechanical ventilation Speech imitation with prerecorded sounds includes «yes», «no», certain words, coughs and other sounds.
Page 49
6 IMITATION OF LIFE PROCESSES Lung auscultation is performed in 4 points anterior (two points in the upper lobes of the lungs and two points in the lower lobes of the lungs). You can use the Instructor software to configure breathing sounds.
6 IMITATION OF LIFE PROCESSES Figure 6.5 Pulse palpation 6.4 IO and IV injections Simulation of intravenous injections (Figure 6.6) is performed through a special module (catheter imitator) located on the inside of the right arm. To do this, special syringe imitators are used. Figure 6.6 Simulation of intravenous injections...
6 IMITATION OF LIFE PROCESSES To simulate an injection, select one of the syringe imitators (with necessary medicine), pull the plunger back to the line for the dose. Then insert the syringe into the catheter imitator and push the plunger. The system automatically detects the type and quantity of the administered medicine.
Page 52
6 IMITATION OF LIFE PROCESSES • If the DFB unit is used, the power and the number of charges are set in the instructor software in the CPR field. ECG data is read from electrodes located at specific points on the patient’s chest and displayed on the bedside monitor.
7 EXERCISE MENU 7 Exercise menu 7.1 Automated scenarios. List of actions The main distinctive feature of the Automated Scenarios section is a preinstalled, invariable sequence of actions and the virtual patient’s vital signs. Figure 7.1 The Automated Scenarios simulation menu The list of the patient’s conditions and basic actions (Figure 7.2) to be performed to successfully complete the exercise is located on the left side of the screen.
Page 54
7 EXERCISE MENU There is certain timing for the actions indicated next to the patient’s state definition. An action or a specific sequence of actions must be completed by the timer is reset. If the action or the sequence of actions is not completed within a specified period of time, they are considered to be failed and, depending on the course of the exercise, this can also mean the death of the patient and the end of the exercise.
Page 55
7 EXERCISE MENU Figure 7.3 Marked actions Certain actions marked by icon in the general list must be manually marked , by the user after their completion (Figure 7.3). Such actions include elements of teamwork (calling for help), the patient’s body manipulation (bringing the patient to a sitting position), etc.
7 EXERCISE MENU 7.2 Patient states.Manual Mode and Themes sections The main distinctive feature of the Manual Mode and Themes sections is the absence of a preinstalled, invariable sequence of actions and the virtual patient’s vital signs. An exercise is managed and controlled by the instructor.
7 EXERCISE MENU Initial State The section includes a brief description of the patient’s case history at the beginning of the exercise and the vital signs. This section remains unchanged and serves as a source of information. 7.3 Patient state settings Control bar Exercise controls (from left to right: exercise time, scenario...
Page 58
7 EXERCISE MENU General setting are detailed below: Figure 7.6 The patient’s vital signs and behavior settings...
Page 59
7 EXERCISE MENU Figure 7.7 The More Sounds window Icon description: Open lock. Change the settings of the selected menu individually. Open close. Change all the settings of the selected menu at a time. Active lungs. Spontaneous breathing is on. Inactive lungs.
Page 60
7 EXERCISE MENU Settings for the following functions are available: Patient words A set of prerecorded words and short phrases that the patient can say. To activate a word or phrase, click on the Patient Words icon and select a word/phrase from the list in the new window. After that, the patient will pronounce the selected word/phrase.
Page 61
7 EXERCISE MENU pupillary light reflex switching on/off. The “lock” icon allows determining whether the changes will apply to both eyes or to only one. If the “lock” is closed, the changes will apply to both eyes; if the “lock” is open only to a selected one.
Page 62
7 EXERCISE MENU Figure 7.8 Vital signs and prediction graphs settings The instructor presets the patient’s vital signs values and changes the values using the bedside monitor settings menu (Figure 7.12) from the Manual Mode and Themes sections while running an exercise (you can’t do that in the Automated Scenarios section).
Page 63
7 EXERCISE MENU Figure 7.9 The patient state prediction graphs The patient state prediction graphs are plotted and vary depending on the student’s actions. Using this scale, the instructor can foresee the effect of the student’s actions. The software initially sets the following parameters by default: •...
Page 64
7 EXERCISE MENU Figure 7.10 Action Log The instructor can add notes to the Action Log by selecting them from a readymade list or by adding personal notes (Figure 7.11). To add a remark, click on the button in the bottom right corner. Figure 7.11 Adding notes and comments to the Action Log...
7 EXERCISE MENU CPR Data Bar Graphical and statistical presentation of CPR parameters and data. The right side of the screen contains the required parameters for performing a single CPR cycle: number of chest compressions their frequency, bagvalvemask ventilations quantity (mechanical manual device to perform temporary mechanical lung ventilation.
Page 66
7 EXERCISE MENU The bedside monitor setup menu allows choosing preset menus to operate in the following sections: • Reanimatology • Anesthesiology • Neonatology • Transport • Cardiosurgery • Custom (customization and parameter selection) • Default Figure 7.12 Bedside monitor type selection menu...
Page 67
7 EXERCISE MENU Use the following algorithm to select the monitor type (Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Neonatology, Transport, Cardiosurgery and Custom): • Touch any of the bedside monitor graphs and hold your finger for a while or hover the cursor over it and click the middle button (or the wheel) of the mouse •...
Page 68
7 EXERCISE MENU • The selected parameter will be displayed in the box instead of the previous one Press Accept to confirm the changes and to close the setting menu or press Cancel to discard the changes and to close the setting menu. Figure 7.13 Bedside monitor settings menu 1 To discard the changes made without closing the setting menu, press the Clear button located under the name of the selected...
7 EXERCISE MENU Figure 7.14 Bedside monitor settings menu 2 7.5 ECG Rhythm Editing When running exercises from the Automated Scenarios, Manual Mode and Themes sections, you can edit the ECG rhythm. To open the rhythm settings menu, click once on the ECG graph. At the top of the menu window, there is a graph of the current ECG rhythm, and the selected ECG lead (to change the lead, click on the arrow icon and select the desired ECG lead in the dropdown list).
Page 70
7 EXERCISE MENU Figure 7.15 Rhythm Setting Menu The left side of the menu window contains a list of available ECG rhythm types: • Sinus rhythm • Sinus arrythmia • Sinus rhythm with prolongation of the QT interval • Sinus rhythm during ischemia...
Page 71
7 EXERCISE MENU • Sinus rhythm after ischemia • Wellens syndrome • Sinus rhythm during inferior MI • Sinus rhythm during anterior MI • Sinus rhythm during lateral MI • Sinus rhythm during posterior MI • Sinus rhythm during anteroseptal MI •...
Page 72
7 EXERCISE MENU • Sinus rhythm during biatrial enlargement • Sinoatrial block • 1◦ AV Block • 2◦ AV Block Mobitz I • 2◦ AV Block Mobitz II • 2◦ AV Block Mobitz II with RBBB • 3◦ AV Block •...
Page 73
7 EXERCISE MENU • Sinus rhythm with WPW syndrome (left lateral) • Sinus rhythm with WPW syndrome (right lateral) • Sinus rhythm during pericarditis • Atrial flutter • Atrial fibrillation • Torsades de pointes • Venticular flutter • Venticular tachycardia •...
7 EXERCISE MENU 7.6 CPR Activation To initialize the CPR, open the ECG rhythm editing menu window by singleclicking on the ECG graph, select the Asystole, Ventricular Fibrillation or Ventricular Tachycardia (with missing pulse) rhythm types and press Apply. Then proceed to the CPR performance. The screen contains the required parameters for performing a single CPR cycle: Figure 7.16 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Page 75
7 EXERCISE MENU Figure 7.17 Graph Figure 7.18 BVM ventilation and hand positioning...
Page 76
7 EXERCISE MENU If the hands are placed incorrectly during chest compressions, the icon will turn red (Figure 7.19). Figure 7.19 Wrong imposition of hands Defibrillation Figure 7.20 Defibrillation...
Page 77
7 EXERCISE MENU When running an exercise in the Manual Mode and Themes sections, in the lower right corner, in addition to the CPR and Action Log tabs, there is a Cardiac Control tab, indicated by the icon Using this tab, you can set the current and expected rhythms. To do this, click on the window with the name of the current/expected rhythm, the rhythm editing menu will open, select the desired rhythm type from the list in the left part of the window and press Apply.
7 EXERCISE MENU if the task is performed successfully, the icons light up green. 7.7 List of auscultation sounds The total list of the heart sounds (Fig. 7.6) available for selection and setting in the patient menu while running an exercise from the Manual Mode and Themes sections and when creating or editing training scenarios: •...
Page 80
7 EXERCISE MENU • Atrial septal defect • Ventricular septal defect • Acute myocardial infarction • Congestive heart failure • Systemic hypertension • Acute pericarditis • Dilated cardiomyopathy • Pulmonary hypertension • Tetrology of Fallot • Ventricular aneurysm The total list of the lung anterior and posterior sounds (Fig. 7.6) available for selection and setting in the patient menu while с...
Page 81
7 EXERCISE MENU The total list of the bowel sounds (Fig. 7.6) available for selection and setting in the patient menu while running an exercise from the Manual Mode and Themes sections and when creating or editing training scenarios: • Normal bowel sound •...
Page 82
7 EXERCISE MENU – Go away – Ears are ringing – Don’t feel dizzy – That helped – Don’t feel well – Heart beating quickly – I feel better – Headache – Feel realy bad – I have a fever –...
Page 83
7 EXERCISE MENU – Mild coughing (2) – I have asthma – Never had pain like this – Pain in the heart area – Pain moans (1) – I am cold – Pain moans (2) – Arm hurts – I am short of breath –...
7 EXERCISE MENU 7.8 ECG graph library The basic* ECG graphs available for selection and use in the ECG constructor when creating or editing training scenarios and CPR settings (see the list in section 7.5 Exercise Menu. Rhythm Setting Menu) can be extended by the user.
8 EXERCISE FINISH 8 Exercise finish To complete an exercise, press the Stop button on the control bar. Figure 8.1 The launched exercise control bar After that, the exercise completion menu with the following available functions will open: • Go to Debriefing — complete the exercise and go the exercise debriefing window (See Section 11 ”Debriefing”) •...
9 STUDENTS AND STUDY GROUPS 9 Students and study groups The Students section is divided into two parts: List of Groups and List of Students. Figure 9.1 The Students menu 9.1 Student account creation and setting In the List of Students field you can select, create, edit and delete student accounts.
Page 88
9 STUDENTS AND STUDY GROUPS Figure 9.2 Student account settings menu • To create a new student account, press Create, enter the first and last names of the student, select the desired group and press Save. • To select a student account, select a group from the list on the left by leftclicking on its name.
9 STUDENTS AND STUDY GROUPS window, change the first and last names of the student; select the desired group and press Save. • To delete a student account, select it from the list by clicking on the first and last names, press the Delete button and confirm your action.
Page 90
9 STUDENTS AND STUDY GROUPS • To rename a group, select it from the list and press Edit. In the new window, change the group name, press Save. • To delete a group, select it from the list, press the Delete button and confirm your action.
10 DEBRIEFING 10 Debriefing You can view the results and details of a completed (or interrupted) exercise in the Debriefing section. The debriefing window for the completed exercise can be opened immediately after the completion (or interruption — by pressing the corresponding key) of the exercise (Figure 8.2) or later from the main menu (Figure 4.1) when switching to the Debriefing section.
10 DEBRIEFING 10.1 Debriefing. The Exercise tab The Exercise tab (Fig. 10.1) contains a video of the exercise*. Press Start button to start playing the video of the exercise and Pause — to pause it. To rewind the video of the exercise, leftclick on the state prediction graph or the timeline located at the bottom of the screen.
10 DEBRIEFING The scale of graphs is implemented in two modes. The first one is the prediction scale graph, which shows how the selected indicators of the patient’s physiological states changed during the exercise. The second one is the CPR performance graph, which displays all completed CPR sessions and their graphical evaluation.
Page 94
10 DEBRIEFING • Ventilation. Statistics on the performed ventilation and its performance quality score (the score is repeated in the Overall score field). • Defibrillation. Statistics on the performed defibrillation and its performance quality score (the score is repeated in the Overall score field).
11 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 11 Safety precautions Before a session, carefully inspect the simulator and the power cable for tears, cracks, burned or scorched areas, etc. If any damage is found, wait until the failure is fixed. In case of burning smell, smoke or sparks, immediately stop using the simulator and inform the person responsible for safe operation.
12 CLEANING MAINTENANCE 12 Cleaning maintenance • Use wet wipes to gently remove dirt • Do not allow the liquid leak inside the simulator. To clean the monitor screen, use special cleaning cloth • Do not forget to perform regular dry and wet cleaning of the facility housing the simulator •...
13 DEFINITIONS 13 Definitions • ECG unit is a unit simulating the heart activity and hemodynamics. It is connected to a real ECG device or patient monitor. • ECG electrodes are cables imitating real ECG electrodes, allowing monitoring the correct installation on the patient’s body. They are connected to the ECG unit.
Page 98
13 DEFINITIONS Figure 13.1 Syringes with RFID tags • BP cuff is a modified real BP cuff used in measuring blood pressure, which can be connected to the simulator. • Adam’s apple (Thyroid cartilage) imitates the prominence of anterior upper part of the thyroid cartilage. •...
14 MALFUNCTIONS 14 Malfunctions PROBLEM CAUSE SOLUTION positive Air leakage during Make sure that the mask of reaction when the ventilatio the bagvalvemask is tightly performing pressed against the face of bagvalvemask the simulator ventilation...
Page 100
14 MALFUNCTIONS The instructor’s Failure 1. Go to Settings>Network tablet does not automatic WiFi and Internet, check your connect to the connection. WiFi connection. WiFi router 2. IP failure To configure IP, go to the network and sharing Center> Change adapter settings.
Page 101
14 MALFUNCTIONS bedside Automated WiFi Go to Parameters >Network monitor imitator connection Internet check does failed WiFi connection and IP. To connect configure IP, go to Network system and Sharing Center> Change within 5 minutes adapter settings. Find the desired WiFi network the general list and select...
Page 102
14 MALFUNCTIONS Graphics in the 1. System failure. Physically restartthe Instructor 2. Low battery system (laptop,patient software simulator,bedside monitor. delayed Check the battery level during in the Connections menu. If performance the battery level is lower than 15%, connect the charger ECG graphs are 1.The Check ECG adapter...
15 INFORMATION TO BE PRESENTED TO THE SERVICE CENTRE 15 Information to be presented to the Service Centre In case of any other malfunction, please contact our Service Centre. Please attach the following information to the letter: • The simulator full name and serial number •...
Need help?
Do you have a question about the LEONARDO Essential and is the answer not in the manual?
Questions and answers