Garmin GFC 600 Pilot's Manual
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Garmin GFC 600 Pilot's Manual

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot's Manual

Automatic flight control system (with color display)
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GFC 600
™
Automatic Flight Control System
(with Color Display)
Pilot's Guide

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  • Page 1 GFC 600 ™ Automatic Flight Control System (with Color Display) Pilot’s Guide...
  • Page 3 Garmin® is a registered trademark of Garmin International or its subsidiaries.. Smart Glide™ is a trademark of Garmin International or its subsidiaries. These trademarks may not be used without the express permission of Garmin.
  • Page 4 WARNING: For safety reasons, system operational procedures must be learned on the ground. WARNING: The Garmin system, as installed in this aircraft, has a very high degree of functional integrity. However, the pilot must recognize that provid- ing monitoring and/or self-test capability for all conceivable system failures is not practical.
  • Page 5 (“THE GARMIN PRODUCT”), YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE FOLLOWING SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY. Garmin Ltd. and its subsidiaries (“Garmin”) grants you a limited license to use the software embedded in the Garmin Product (the “Software”) in binary executable form in the normal operation of the Garmin Product.
  • Page 6 Part Number Change Summary 190-03090-00 Initial release Date Description January, 2024 Production Release GFC™ 600 Automatic Flight Control System (with Color Display) Pilot’s Guide 190-03090-00 Rev. A...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    External Controls ........................ 16 1.5 System Indications ......................17 GMC 605C-IAS / GMC 605C-FLC ..................17 GI 285 Indications ......................18 Garmin PFD AFCS Indications ..................... 19 Section 2 Automatic Flight Control System .............. 21 2.1 AFCS Operation ........................ 21 AFCS Pre-Flight ........................
  • Page 8 Table of Contents Pitch and Roll Autotrim....................... 34 Yaw Autotrim ........................34 Overspeed Protection ......................35 Underspeed Protection ....................... 36 2.3 Vertical Modes ........................39 Vertical Mode Controls and Annunciations ................39 Pitch Hold Mode (PIT)......................42 Level Mode (LVL) ........................ 43 Go Around Mode (GA) .......................
  • Page 9 Table of Contents Section 4 Abnormal Operation ..................89 4.1 Suspected Autopilot Malfunction ................89 4.2 Overpowering Autopilot Servos .................. 89 Appendices ............................ 90 Appendix A: Feature/Equipment Matrix ................90 Index ............................Index-1 Index ...........................Index-2 190-03090-00 Rev. A GFC™ 600 Automatic Flight Control System (with Color Display) Pilot’s Guide...
  • Page 10 Table of Contents Blank Page GFC™ 600 Automatic Flight Control System (with Color Display) Pilot’s Guide 190-03090-00 Rev. A...

  • Page 11: Section 1 System Overview

    The system design offers the flexibility to interface with a wide variety of avionics equipment commonly found in general aviation aircraft. The specific functions supported by the GFC 600 vary by installation. Refer to Appendix A for more information.
  • Page 12 When the GFC 600 senses the aircraft is near the defined operating limit in pitch attitude, roll attitude, high airspeed, or low airspeed, the ESP function will automatically engage one or more servos to nudge it back to the nominal operating envelope.

  • Page 13: Afcs Equipment

    System Overview 1.2 AFCS EQUIPMENT The basic GFC 600 AFCS (with Color Display) system is comprised of the following equipment: GMC 605C-IAS /GMC 605C-FLC MODE CONTROLLER WITH COLOR DISPLAY The panel-mounted GMC 605C-IAS or GMC 605C-FLC Mode Controller serves as the primary user interface for the GFC 600 Automatic Flight Control System with Color Display.
  • Page 14 System Overview GMC 605C-IAS AND GMC 605C-FLC MODE CONTROLLERS (WITH COLOR DISPLAY) There are three GMC 605C Mode Controllers covered in this pilot’s guide. The -12 Model with a black bezel and an IAS Key (referred to as GMC 605C-IAS throughout), the -14 Model with a grey bezel and an FLC Key (referred to as GMC 605C-FLC thoughout), and the -16 Model with a black bezel and an FLC Key (referred to as GMC 605C-FLC thoughout).

  • Page 15: Gsa 87 Servo

    System Overview GSA 87 SERVO The GSA 87 servos provide control surface actuation as part of the autopilot, yaw damper, electric trim, and ESP functions. The GSA 87 is a ‘smart’ servo which performs most of the autopilot processing functions and offers many inherent safety features. The brushless motor and electronic torque and speed sensing capabilities provide smooth, reliable operation.

  • Page 16: Gsa 80/81 Servo And Gsm 86 Servo Mount

    System Overview GSA 80/81 SERVO AND GSM 86 SERVO MOUNT The GSA 80/81 servos are used for automatic control of the aircraft flight control surfaces. Each servo moves its respective aircraft control surface in response to commands generated by internal servo calculations. The GSA 80 incorporates a mechanical slip clutch.

  • Page 17: Gi 285 Annunciator Panel

    Vertical Speed (VS) Mode and Indicated Airspeed Mode (IAS). Nav source selection can be performed on the PFD and the GFC 600 will couple to the selected source for guidance. The G500/G600 systems include an Air Data Computer which provides airspeed and baro-corrected altitude to the AFCS.

  • Page 18: G500/G600 Txi Integrated Glass Panel System

    Vertical Speed Nav source selection can be performed on the PFD and the GFC 600 will couple to the selected source for guidance. The G500/ G600 TXi systems include an Air Data Computer which provides airspeed and baro- corrected altitude to the AFCS.

  • Page 19: Aspen Efd 1000 / Aspen Efd 1000 Max

    AFCS. For systems with dual ADC (Air Data Computer) sources connected to the G500/ G600 TXi Primary Flight Display, the GFC 600 will utilize the same Air Data Computer that is selected for use on the pilot’s Primary Flight Display.

  • Page 20: G5 Electronic Flight Instrument

    GFC 600 is coupled to the intended source guidance. G5 ELECTRONIC FLIGHT INSTRUMENT The GFC 600 AFCS (with Color Display) is capable of interfacing to the G5 Electronic Flight Instrument. G5 Electronic Flight Instrument GFC™ 600 Automatic Flight Control System (with Color Display) Pilot’s Guide...

  • Page 21: Vhf Nav Radios

    System Overview GI 275 The GFC 600 AFCS (with Color Display) is capable of interfacing to the GI 275. GI 275 VHF NAV RADIOS The GFC 600 can accept VOR/Localizer and Glideslope guidance from a variety of VHF Nav receivers including stand-alone radios and those that are included as part of a Nav-Com or GPS-Nav-Com integrated navigator.

  • Page 22: Horizontal Situation Indicators (Hsi)

    NSD360A and electronic HSI displays such as the Sandel SN3500/4500. DIRECTIONAL GYROS (DG) If GFC 600 is installed in an aircraft without an HSI, the system can accept Heading commands from a variety of popular DGs that have a compatible interface. These...

  • Page 23: Gtx 335/345(R) With Gps Option

    System Overview GTX 335/345(R) WITH GPS OPTION The GTX 335/345(R) transponders with GPS Option can provide an interface to the GMC 605C-IAS / 605C-FLC that supports improved aircraft attitude computation, thereby enhancing AFCS performance and increasing the availability of basic modes in the event of an air data failure.

  • Page 24: Afcs Controls

    System Overview 1.4 AFCS CONTROLS GMC 605C-IAS / GMC 605C-FLC WITH COLOR DISPLAY GMC 605C-IAS Mode Controller with Color Display (Black Bezel with IAS Key) GMC 605C-FLC Mode Controller with Color Display (Black Bezel with FLC Key) AP Key Engages/disengages the autopilot FD Key Activates/deactivates the Flight Director only.
  • Page 25 System Overview LCD Display Displays AFCS modes, references, and annunciations. LVL Key Engages the autopilot in Level Mode (or selects Level Mode if autopilot is already engaged). ALT Key Selects/deselects Altitude Hold Mode HDG Key Selects/deselects Heading Select Mode NAV Key Selects/deselects Navigation Mode.

  • Page 26: External Controls

    System Overview EXTERNAL CONTROLS These controls are used for important Flight Director and autopilot functions but are not found on the GMC 605. Common Typical Control Purpose Name Location AP DISC/ Autopilot Pilot control Disengages the autopilot, yaw TRIM INT Disconnect yoke/stick damper, and interrupts pitch trim...

  • Page 27: System Indications

    System Overview Common Typical Control Purpose Name Location Rudder Rudder Bias Instrument Panel 2-position switch. When “RUDDER Bias / Off BIAS” is selected, Smart Rudder switch Bias is armed and will activate under specified conditions. When “OFF” is selected, Smart Rudder Bias is disabled and unable to arm/ activate.** Dimmer...

  • Page 28: Gi 285 Indications

    / GMC 605C-FLC is located outside of the pilot’s primary field of view and there is no Garmin PFD to provide mode annunciations and alerts. The left side of the GI 285 displays lateral Flight Director modes, the center portion of the display provides status information for the autopilot, yaw damper, and trim system, and the right side displays vertical modes.

  • Page 29: Garmin Pfd Afcs Indications

    Refer to section 3.1 for more information about specific AP, YD, and TRIM annunciations on the GI 285. GARMIN PFD AFCS INDICATIONS Some Garmin PFDs (i.e., G5 and GI 275 do not display active and NOTE: armed modes. A Garmin PFD (if installed) can display Flight Director command bars, active and armed mode annunciations, references, autopilot and yaw damper engagement status, AFCS alerts, and Low Bank mode.
  • Page 30 System Overview Blank Page GFC™ 600 Automatic Flight Control System (with Color Display) Pilot’s Guide 190-03090-00 Rev. A...

  • Page 31: Section 2 Automatic Flight Control

    Any discrepancies must be resolved before flight. When applying system power, the GFC 600 will automatically perform a Pre Flight Test (PFT) to check internal GMC 605C-IAS / 605C-FLC functions, interfaces, and servo status.

  • Page 32: Engaging The Autopilot

    Another way to engage the autopilot is by selecting the LVL key. This will engage the autopilot in Level mode. The aircraft must be within the GFC 600 engagement limits (+/-50 degrees pitch and +/- 75 degrees roll attitude) in order to engage the autopilot.

  • Page 33: Disengaging The Autopilot

    AP key or the AP DISC / TRIM INT button. Automatic disengagement may occur due to a failure within the GFC 600 system, loss of both GPS and air data inputs, strong turbulence, or exceeding the engagement attitude limits.
  • Page 34 AFCS State Description PFD System Message Annunciation EDM active. To deactivate, EDM is activated when the Activated press AP key or AP DISC / Delay Timer expires. TRIM INT. Inhibits EDM activation for five EDM automatic activation Inhibited minutes. inhibited for 5 minutes. Press the AP key or AP DISC / EDM overridden.Re-pressurize Overridden...
  • Page 35 AFCS EDM A ctivAtion Once the EDM Activation Delay Timer expires the following EDM activation settings are initiated: Mode/Indicator Bug State/Setting Active HDG Mode Active Heading Bug 90º Left Flight Level Change Mode Active Airspeed Bug Approximately the maximum allowable airspeed * Altitude Preselect Bug 15,000 ft * EDM will change the descent airspeed reference to a value configured per specific airframe.
  • Page 36 AFCS GMC 605C-IAS AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display (-12 Model) Annunciating Emergency Decent Mode (Active) GMC 605C-FLC AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display (-16 Model) Annunciating Emergency Decent Mode (Active) The aircraft decends near the maximum allowable airspeed and the autopilot captures Altitude Hold mode at 15,000 ft.
  • Page 37 AFCS EDM i nhibit To inhibit automatic activation of EDM when the delay timer expires, the pilot may touch Inhibit EDM on the Activation Delay Timer window. This inhibits automatic activation of EDM for five minutes and is indicated by a white ‘EDM’ annunciation and advisory message.

  • Page 38: Smart Glide

    Smart Glide is only available with the GMC 605C-IAS. NOTE: If the GFC 600 AFCS (with Color Display) is interfaced with a GTN Xi that supports Smart Glide, IAS mode will be modified on the GFC so that the initial IAS target airspeed is set to the Best Glide Speed (configured on the GTN Xi) instead of the current airspeed.
  • Page 39 The FD Key is disabled when the autopilot is engaged. NOTE: COMMAND BARS ON GARMIN PFD Upon activation of the Flight Director, Command Bars are displayed in magenta on the PFD. The Command Bars do not override the Aircraft Symbol. The Command Bars move together vertically to indicate pitch commands and bank left or right to indicate roll commands.

  • Page 40: Control Wheel Steering

    AFCS CONTROL WHEEL STEERING During autopilot operation, the aircraft may be hand-flown without disengaging the autopilot. Pressing and holding the CWS button (if installed) disengages the pitch and roll servos from the flight control surfaces and allows the aircraft to be hand flown. Releasing the CWS button reengages the servos.

  • Page 41: Yaw Damper

    AFCS YAW DAMPER Yaw Damper is available in aircraft that have an autopilot servo NOTE: installed on the yaw axis. The Yaw Damper reduces Dutch roll tendencies, coordinates turns, and provides a steady force to help maintain directional trim. It can operate independently of the autopilot and may be used during normal hand-flown maneuvers.

  • Page 42: Manual Trim

    AFCS GI 285 AFCS Annunciator Panel Yaw Damper Indication When the Yaw Damper is disengaged the YD annunciation on the GI 285 flashes yellow for five seconds. MANUAL TRIM Aircraft with a pitch trim servo would still be responsible for trimming the aircraft in the roll and yaw axis.

  • Page 43: Manual Electric Trim

    AFCS GMC 605C-FLC AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Mistrim Indication GI 285 AFCS Annunciator Panel Mistrim Indication MANUAL ELECTRIC TRIM Manual Electric Trim (MET) is available in aircraft that have an NOTE: autopilot servo connected to the trim system or a trim adapter connected to the previously installed electric trim system.

  • Page 44: Pitch And Roll Autotrim

    AFCS PITCH AND ROLL AUTOTRIM Autotrim is available in aircraft that have an autopilot servo NOTE: connected to the trim system or a trim adapter connected to the previously installed electric trim system. The same servo or trim adapter provides both the MET and Autotrim functions.

  • Page 45: Overspeed Protection

    AFCS OVERSPEED PROTECTION Overspeed protection is not active in Altitude Hold (ALT), Glideslope NOTE: (GS), Glidepath (GP), or Go Around (GA) modes. While Pitch Hold, Vertical Speed, Flight Level Change, Indicated Airspeed, or Selected Altitude Capture mode is active, airspeed is monitored by the Flight Director. Overspeed protection is provided in situations where the Flight Director cannot acquire and maintain the mode reference for the selected vertical mode without exceeding the certified maximum autopilot airspeed.

  • Page 46: Underspeed Protection

    AFCS GMC 605C-FLC AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Overspeed Indication GI 285 AFCS Annunciator Panel Overspeed Indication UNDERSPEED PROTECTION While underspeed protection is active, the aircraft will deviate from NOTE: the selected reference. Underspeed Protection is designed to discourage aircraft operation below minimum established airspeeds and is available when the autopilot is on.
  • Page 47 AFCS ALTITUDE-CRITICAL MODES (ALT, GS, GP, GA) If the aircraft decelerates to stall warning for at least one second, the vertical and lateral modes will change from active to armed. IAS (or FLC depending on installation) and ROL will become the active vertical and lateral modes and flash for five seconds, and the autopilot will provide input causing the aircraft to pitch down and wings to level.
  • Page 48 AFCS The pilot must add power to increase airspeed. If the aircraft was in GA mode prior to entering Underspeed Protection and full power has already been applied, the pilot can move the NOSE UP/DN wheel in the DN direction to reduce the pitch attitude reference.

  • Page 49: Vertical Modes

    AFCS The pilot must add power to increase airspeed. If the aircraft was in PIT or VS mode prior to entering Underspeed Protection and full power has already been applied, the pilot can move the NOSE UP/DN wheel in the DN direction to reduce the pitch attitude or vertical speed reference.
  • Page 50 AFCS Reference Vertical Description Control Annunciation Change Mode Range Increment Commands a pitch attitude necessary to establish a Level vertical speed Mode of 0 fpm and also commands wings level (zero bank angle) Commands a Varies by constant nose-up aircraft Go Around pitch attitude and type, see...
  • Page 51 * When the GFC 600 is receiving a Selected Altitude value from a Garmin PFD, ALTS is armed automatically when PIT, VS, FLC, or GA modes are active. ** ALTV arms automatically when VPTH is armed or active and the aircraft is descending towards the Vertical Path Constraint Altitude.

  • Page 52: Pitch Hold Mode (Pit)

    When the autopilot or Flight Director is activated (AP or FD key is pressed), Pitch Hold mode is selected by default. This mode may be used for climb or descent to the Selected Altitude, since Selected Altitude Capture mode (with Garmin PFD) is automatically armed when Pitch Hold mode is activated.

  • Page 53: Level Mode (Lvl)

    AFCS GI 285 AFCS Annunciator Panel Annunciating Pitch Mode LEVEL MODE (LVL) Level mode is a coupled pitch and roll mode and is annunciated as both the vertical and lateral modes when active. Pressing the LVL key engages the autopilot (if the autopilot is disengaged) in level vertical and lateral modes.

  • Page 54: Go Around Mode (Ga)

    AFCS GI 285 AFCS Annunciator Panel Annunciating Level Mode GO AROUND MODE (GA) Go Around mode is a coupled pitch and roll mode and is annunciated as both the vertical and lateral modes when active. The GA button installed in the cockpit is used to activate Go Around mode.

  • Page 55: Altitude Hold Mode (Alt)

    Altitude Hold mode can be activated by pressing the ALT key; the AFCS maintains the current aircraft altitude (to the nearest 10 feet) as the Altitude Reference. With Garmin PFD: Altitude Hold mode is automatically armed when in Selected Altitude Capture mode.
  • Page 56 ANNUNCIATIONS The GMC 605C-IAS / GMC 605C-FLC and the GI 285 annunciate ‘ALT’ for Altitude Hold mode. If a Garmin PFD is installed, the GMC also shows the reference altitude in the mode reference section. GMC 605C-FLC AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating Alt Hold Mode GFC™...

  • Page 57: Selected Altitude Capture Mode (Alts)

    • Vertical Speed • Go Around The Altitude Preselect function on a Garmin PFD allows the pilot to adjust the altitude bug to a target Selected Altitude for the AFCS to intercept, capture, and subsequently track in Altitude Hold mode.

  • Page 58: Vertical Speed Mode (Vs)

    AFCS At 50 feet from the Selected Altitude, the AFCS automatically transitions from Selected Altitude Capture to Altitude Hold mode and holds the reference altitude. As Altitude Hold mode becomes active, the ‘ALT’ annunciation moves to the active vertical mode field and flashes for 10 seconds to indicate the automatic transition. GMC 605C-FLC AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating Selected Altitude Capture Mode Changing the Selected Altitude on the PFD while Selected Altitude Capture mode...

  • Page 59: Indicated Airspeed Mode (Ias)

    AFCS GMC 605C-FLC AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating Vertical Speed Mode GI 285 AFCS Annunciator Panel Annunciating Vertical Speed Mode INDICATED AIRSPEED MODE (IAS) Indicated Airspeed mode is selected by pressing the IAS key. This mode acquires and maintains the Airspeed Reference (IAS).

  • Page 60: Flight Level Change Mode (Flc)

    AFCS GMC 605C-IAS AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating Indicated Airspeed Mode GI 285 AFCS Annunciator Panel Annunciating Indicated Airspeed Mode FLIGHT LEVEL CHANGE MODE (FLC) Flight Level Change Mode is selected by pressing the FLC Key. This mode acquires and maintains the Airspeed Reference in IAS or Mach while climbing or descending to the Selected Altitude.

  • Page 61: Glidepath Mode (Gp)

    AFCS GMC 605C-FLC AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating Flight Level Change Mode GLIDEPATH MODE (GP) Glidepath mode is available in aircraft with an SBAS GPS-enabled NOTE: navigator. The GMC 605C-FLC may annunciate GP as an armed vertical mode when the APR Key is selected even when interfaced to a GPS navigator that is not capable of calculating a glidepath.
  • Page 62 AFCS Some RNAV (GPS) approaches provide a vertical descent angle NOTE: as an aid in flying a stabilized approach. These approaches are NOT considered Approaches with Vertical Guidance (APV). Approaches that are annunciated on the HSI as LNAV or LNAV+V are considered Nonprecision Approaches (NPA) and are flown to an MDA even though vertical glidepath (GP) information may be provided.

  • Page 63: Glideslope Mode (Gs)

    AFCS GMC 605C-FLC AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating Glidepath Mode GI 285 AFCS Annunciator Panel Annunciating Glidepath Mode GLIDESLOPE MODE (GS) Glideslope Mode is available in aircraft with a VHF Nav radio that NOTE: includes a glideslope receiver. Glideslope mode is available for ILS approaches to capture and track the glideslope.
  • Page 64 AFCS Pressing the CWS button while Glideslope mode is active does not NOTE: cancel the mode. Upon release of the CWS button the autopilot will guide the aircraft back to the glideslope. GMC 605C-IAS / GMC 605C-FLC AND GI 285 ANNUNCIATIONS The GMC 605C-IAS / GMC 605C-FLC and GI 285 annunciate ‘GS’...

  • Page 65: Enroute Vertical Navigation

    The pilot can choose to manually descend along the displayed vertical path, or couple the descent navigation with the GFC 600. Coupling VNAV with the GFC 600 allows the autopilot to command the descent along the VNAV path to include intermediate level-offs.

  • Page 66: Autoswitching

    Annunciating VNAV/GP Mode AUTOSWITCHING When VNAV is active and ILS approach is armed, the GFC 600 will automatically switch to localizer and glideslope between the FAF and the waypoint preceding the FAF, if connected to a GTN 6XX/7XX that has auto switching enabled.
  • Page 67 AFCS Selecting the VNAV Autoswitching Feature (VNAV to GPS Approach): Vectors to final are not supported by VNAV. NOTE: 1) EXTERNAL NAVIGATOR: Ensure a GPS approach with vertical guidance (LPV, LNAV/VNAV, LNAV+V, LP+V) is loaded into the active flight plan. The active waypoint must be part of the flight plan (can be a direct-to a waypoint not in the flight plan).

  • Page 68: Lateral Modes

    AFCS 2.5 LATERAL MODES LATERAL MODE CONTROLS AND ANNUNCIATIONS The table below lists the lateral modes with their corresponding controls and annunciations. Refer to the Vertical modes section for a detailed description of Level mode and Go Around mode. Lateral Mode Description Control Annunciation...
  • Page 69 AFCS Lateral Mode Description Control Annunciation Captures and tracks a Navigation, Backcourse localizer signal for backcourse Capture/Track approaches Approach, GPS Capture/Track (Glidepath mode automatically armed) Captures and tracks the selected approach navigation Approach, VOR VAPP* source (GPS, VOR, LOC) Capture/Track Approach, LOC Capture/Track (Glideslope mode...

  • Page 70: Roll Hold Mode (Rol)

    AFCS ROLL HOLD MODE (ROL) If Roll Hold Mode is activated as a result of a mode reversion, the NOTE: Flight Director commands a wings level flight attitude. When the Flight Director is activated Roll Hold mode is selected by default. The current aircraft bank angle at the time of activation is held as the reference unless the bank angle is greater than 25 deg or less than 6 deg as defined in the following table: Bank Angle...

  • Page 71: Heading Select Mode (Hdg)

    Selected Heading. Turn the HDG Knob on the HSI or DG to set the Selected Heading. When using a Garmin PFD, turns are commanded in the same direction as Selected Heading Bug movement, even if the Bug is turned more than 180˚ from the present heading (e.g., a 270˚...

  • Page 72: Reversionary Gps Track Mode

    GPS Track mode is active, ‘TRACK MODE’ will be displayed on the GMC 605C-IAS / GMC 605C-FLC and the GFC 600 will fly a GPS track based on the currently selected heading. No pilot action is required to activate or disable Reversionary GPS Track mode.

  • Page 73: Navigation Modes (Gps, Vor, Loc)

    AFCS GMC 605C-FLC AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating Reversionary GPS Track Mode NAVIGATION MODES (GPS, VOR, LOC) Availability of Navigation Modes depends on the installed navigation NOTE: equipment capabilities and interfaces. The selected navigation receiver must have a valid VOR or LOC NOTE: signal or active GPS course for the Flight Director to enter Navigation Mode.
  • Page 74 AFCS GMC 605C-FLC AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating GPS Navigation Mode Armed If the CDI is less than half scale, Navigation mode is automatically captured. When the AFCS is interfaced to a Directional Gyro (as opposed to an HSI), Navigation mode cannot be armed.
  • Page 75 AFCS • Different VHF Nav frequency tuned while in VOR or LOC Navigation mode (note that in some installations Navigation mode may remain engaged if there is still valid deviation after the frequency changes from VOR to VOR, or from LOC to LOC) •...

  • Page 76: Approach Modes (Gps, Vor, Loc)

    AFCS GI 285 AFCS Annunciator Panel Annunciating Various Nav Modes APPROACH MODES (GPS, VOR, LOC) Availability of Approach Modes depends on the installed navigation NOTE: equipment capabilities and interfaces. The selected navigation receiver must have a valid VOR or LOC NOTE: signal or active GPS course for the Flight Director to enter Approach Mode.
  • Page 77 AFCS If the CDI deflection is less than half scale, the approach is automatically captured when the APR key is pressed. When the AFCS is interfaced to a Directional Gyro (as opposed to an HSI), Approach mode cannot be armed. The pilot must align the aircraft to be on course with the CDI displaying less than half scale of deviation and then press the APR key to force capture in Approach mode.
  • Page 78 AFCS Selecting VOR Approach Mode: 1) EXTERNAL NAVIGATOR: Ensure a valid VOR frequency is tuned 2) EXTERNAL NAVIGATOR: Ensure that VOR is the selected navigation source. 3) GMC 605: Press the APR key. LOC Approach mode allows the autopilot to fly an ILS approach with a glideslope. When LOC Approach mode is armed, Glideslope mode is also armed automatically.

  • Page 79: Flying A Dme Arc With A Gps Navigator

    AFCS The GI 285 provides the same annunciations as the GMC 605C-IAS / GMC 605C-FLC with the exception of VOR Approach mode which is annunciated VOR instead of VAPP. GMC 605C-FLC AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating Various Approach Modes GI 285 AFCS Annunciator Panel Annunciating Various Approach Modes FLYING A DME ARC WITH A GPS NAVIGATOR...

  • Page 80: Backcourse Mode (Bc)

    AFCS If the pilot decides to intercept the arc at a location other than the published IAF (i.e. ATC provides vectors to intercept the arc) and subsequently selects Heading mode or Roll mode, the AFCS will not automatically intercept or track the arc unless the pilot activates the arc leg of the flight plan and arms GPS Navigation mode.

  • Page 81: Electronic Stability & Protection (Esp™)

    This feature will only function when the aircraft is above 200 feet AGL and the autopilot is not engaged. In aircraft that do not have a Garmin PFD or a GTN 6XX/7XX CAUTION: series navigator with a valid terrain database, Low Speed ESP is not supported and all other ESP modes are functional at any altitude.

  • Page 82: Roll Engagement

    Roll Limit Indicators are displayed on the roll scale of a Garmin PFD at 45 deg to indicate where ESP will engage. As roll attitude exceeds the limit, ESP will engage and the Roll Limit Indicator will move in to 30 deg to indicate where ESP will disengage as roll attitude decreases.
  • Page 83 AFCS ALTS Roll Limit Roll Limit Indicator ESP Indicator ESP Engage (45°) Engage (45°) 2300 ESP Roll Engagement Indication (ESP NOT Engaged) ° ESP Engage (45°) Aircraft ESP Disengage (30°) Aircraft ° Roll Attitude = 44° Roll Attitude = 46° 30.19 KNOTS ALTS...
  • Page 84 AFCS Minimum Minimum ESP Torque ESP Torque (30º) (30º) Configured Configured Bank Limit Bank Limit (45º) (45º) Maximum Maximum ESP Torque ESP Torque (60º) (60º) ESP Roll Operating Range When Engaged (Force Increases as Roll Increases & Decreases as Roll Decreases) is automatically disengaged if the aircraft reaches the autopilot roll engagement ™...

  • Page 85: Pitch Engagement

    AFCS PITCH ENGAGEMENT ESP pitch engagement thresholds are configured for each airframe type. Thresholds are established for both nose-up and nose-down attitudes. Most aircraft are configured such that torque applied by ESP increases to its maximum value when pitch attitude has exceeded the configured nose-up or nose-down pitch limits by 5º.

  • Page 86: Airspeed Protection

    Low Speed Protection is inhibited when the aircraft is below 200’ above ground level. If the AFCS is not receiving height above ground information from a compatible Garmin GPS, Low Speed Protection is not available. HIGH AIRSPEED PROTECTION Exceeding the airspeed limit (configured for each airframe type and usually set just above Vne) will result in ESP applying force to raise the nose of the aircraft.

  • Page 87: Smart Rudder Bias

    AFCS GMC 605C-FLC AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating Low Bank Mode Low Bank Mode Roll Limit Roll Scale (Normal) Roll Scale (Low Bank Mode) 2.8 SMART RUDDER BIAS Smart Rudder Bias is available to aircraft interfaced to a G500/G600 TXi. Smart Rudder Bias is a function intended to assist the pilot in maintaining control of a light twin engine airplane in the event of a single engine failure.

  • Page 88: Controls And Annunciations

    AFCS • ESP (Electronic Stability Protection): Roll: Assists the pilot in maintaining bank control by lowering the Roll Attitude ESP thresholds in the direction of the failed engine. Pitch: Assists the pilot in maintaining pitch control by lowering the Pitch Attitude ESP thresholds.
  • Page 89 AFCS Annunciation Description RB OFF Smart Rudder Bias has been manually disabled by the pilot. Smart Rudder Bias is automatically disabled due to an internal or external RB FAIL system failure. Smart Rudder Bias (Not Armed) Annunciations (GMC 605) GMC 605C-IAS AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating Smart Rudder Bias Off (RB OFF) GMC 605C-IAS AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating Smart Rudder Bias Fail (RB FAIL)
  • Page 90 AFCS GMC 605C-IAS AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating Smart Rudder Bias Active (Left Engine) GMC 605C-IAS AFCS Mode Controller with Color Display Annunciating Smart Rudder Bias Active (Right Engine) SMART RUDDER BIAS ANNUNCIATIONS (TXI) Smart Rudder Bias has two PFD annunciations to alert the pilot when Smart Rudder Bias will not function.
  • Page 91 AFCS Smart Rudder Bias Fail TXi Annunciation and Message The following Smart Rudder Bias (Active) annunciations are displayed on the TXi: Annunciation Description Upon activation of Smart Rudder Bias. ‘RB’ flashes green inverse video for 5 seconds. While Smart Rudder Bias is active, ‘RB’ is green and the engine determined to have low power is displayed in yellow.
  • Page 92 AFCS Blank Page GFC™ 600 Automatic Flight Control System (with Color Display) Pilot’s Guide 190-03090-00 Rev. A...

  • Page 93: Section 3 Annunciations & Alerts

    SECTION 3 ANNUNCIATIONS & ALERTS 3.1 VISUAL ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTS The GFC 600 AFCS (with Color Display) provides visual annunciations and alerts to notify the pilot of system status, failures, degraded operation, and conditions requiring specific pilot action. The table below summarizes the messages that may appear on the GMC 605’s display and the GI 285 indications.
  • Page 94 Annunciations & Alerts GMC Message GI 285 Description Indication AIL TRIM  TRIM Mistrim condition requiring Roll trim to the Right  TRIM RUD TRIM Mistrim condition requiring Rudder trim to the Left  TRIM RUD TRIM Mistrim condition requiring Rudder trim to the Right MAXSPEED Overspeed Protection is active MINSPEED...
  • Page 95 Annunciations & Alerts GMC Message GI 285 Description Indication Pilot action required to set the Selected Heading on the DG to the same value as the Selected Course SET HDG=CRS pointer on the CDI. Message displayed continuously when NAV or APR modes are active in a DG-equipped aircraft.

  • Page 96: Aural Alerts

    GPS sources. All autopilot functions are inhibited. Visual Annunciations and Alerts 3.2 AURAL ALERTS The GFC 600 outputs aural annunciations and alerts to provide enhanced awareness to the pilot of several key AFCS conditions. VOICE ALERTS Voice alerts are played through the aircraft audio panel and are heard through the headset and/or cockpit speaker depending on installation and audio panel selections.

  • Page 97: Autopilot Disconnect Alert

    Annunciations & Alerts AUTOPILOT DISCONNECT ALERT Autopilot disengagement is accompanied by an aural ‘bee-boop’ alert tone which is played through the audio panel and also through a separate Sonalert device (when installed). The Sonalert is a small speaker that plays a tone heard in the cockpit above the ambient noise.
  • Page 98 Annunciations & Alerts Blank Page GFC™ 600 Automatic Flight Control System (with Color Display) Pilot’s Guide 190-03090-00 Rev. A...

  • Page 99: Section 4 Abnormal Operation

    Abnormal Operation SECTION 4 ABNORMAL OPERATION 4.1 SUSPECTED AUTOPILOT MALFUNCTION If an autopilot failure or trim failure is suspected to have occurred, perform the following steps: 1) Firmly grasp the control wheel. 2) Press and hold the AP DISC / TRIM INT button. The autopilot will disconnect and power is removed from the trim motor.

  • Page 100: Appendices

    Appendix A APPENDICES APPENDIX A: FEATURE/EQUIPMENT MATRIX Basic WAAS Aspen EFD Add’l Garmin Garmin 1000/1000 Function Servo Basic Autopilot Features Flight Director • • Command Bar Display Control • Wheel Steering • Yaw Damper Manual • • Electric Trim Pitch •...
  • Page 101 Appendix A Basic WAAS Aspen EFD Add’l Garmin Garmin 1000/1000 Function Servo Electronic Stability and Protection (ESP) Features Pitch/Roll • Engagement High Speed • Protection Low Speed • • Protection Smart Rudder • • • Bias Vertical Autopilot Modes •...
  • Page 102 10. Requires a GTN with 6.61 or later. 11. Requires a G500/G600 TXi version 3.01 or later. 12. A Garmin G500/G600 TXi PFD with version 3.01 or later required for Reversionary Track Mode. 13. EDM is not available for every GFC 600 installation.

  • Page 103: Index

    Index INDEX Overspeed Protection 35 Underspeed Protection 36 AFCS.  Automatic Flight Control Yaw Damper 31 System Flight Director 28 AIRSPEED aural 37 Malfunction 87 Airspeed Protection 76 Autopilot Disconnect Alert 86 Alerts 83 Autotrim 34 ALT 45 Altitude-Critical Modes 37 Altitude Hold Mode 45 Backcourse Mode 70 Altitude Reference 47...
  • Page 104 Index  Flight Director HDG.  Heading Select Mode FD Key 14 HDG Key 15 Flight Director 1, 28 Heading Select Mode 61 Activating 4, 29 High Airspeed Protection 76 Command Bars 29 Horizontal Situation Indicators 12 Limitations 29 HSI.  Horizontal Situation Indicators Modes 22 Modes, vertical 28–42 IAS 49...
  • Page 105 Index Low Speed Protection 76 LVL 43 Reversionary GPS Track Mode 62 LVL Key 15 ROL.  Roll Hold Mode Roll Engagement 72 Roll Hold Mode 60 Manual Electric Trim 2, 33 Manual Trim 32 MAXSPEED annunciation 35, 84 Selected Altitude 42, 47 MET.
  • Page 106 Index Vertical Navigation (VNAV) 40 Vertical Speed Mode 47, 48 VHF Nav Radios 11 VNV Key 15 VOICE ALERTS 86 VOR.   VS 48 VS Key 15 Yaw Damper 1, 31  Yaw Damper YD Key 14 Index-4 GFC™ 600 Automatic Flight Control System (with Color Display) Pilot’s Guide 190-03090-00 Rev.
  • Page 108 Southampton, Hampshire SO40 9LR U.K. Garmin Corporation No. 68, Zhangshu 2nd Road Xizhi District, New Taipei City, Taiwan Contact Garmin Product Support at www.flygarmin.com. For warranty information refer to https://www.garmin.com/en-US/legal/aviation-limited-warranty/ 190-03090-00 Rev. A © 2024 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries...

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