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BMV MX Operating Instruction

Diagnostic ultrasound system
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Diagnostic Ultrasound System
Operating instruction
Model: MX
Important statement!
Before using the product, you must carefully read and understand
the content of this manual, and place the manual in a convenient
place.
BMV UEM Eng CO., LTD
1 / 82

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  • Page 1 Diagnostic Ultrasound System Operating instruction Model: MX Important statement! Before using the product, you must carefully read and understand the content of this manual, and place the manual in a convenient place. BMV UEM Eng CO., LTD 1 / 82...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Content Introduction ..........................1 Warranty and Repair Service ..................... 2 Operational Taboos: ........................2 Intellectual Property Rights ......................2 Product Information ........................3 After-sales service company ...................... 3 1. Safety precautions ........................5 1.1 Safety classification .......................5 1.2 Definition of symbols .....................5 1.3 Security warning information ..................
  • Page 3 6.5 Image adjustment in Color mode (for Color Ultrasound model only) ......35 6.6 Image Adjustment in Power Mode (for COLOR Ultrasound models only) ....39 6.7 PW Mode Image Adjustment (for Color Ultrasound model only) ....... 42 7. Measure ..........................48 7.1 Routine measurement ....................49 7.2 Application Measurement ...................

  • Page 4: Introduction

    (2) Damage or loss caused by charging power supply voltage exceeding the range specified for the product; (3) Damage or loss occurring to instruments or parts not purchased from BMV or its authorized distributors or agents; (4) Damage or loss caused by not using the product in the area in which it was originally purchased;...

  • Page 5: Warranty And Repair Service

    After the expiration of the warranty period, we can provide paid repair services. Note: If you fail to pay or delay in paying for the repair service, BMV will temporarily suspend the repair service until you pay.

  • Page 6: Version Information

    Registered address：Yinjin Building 701, Block 71, Xingdong Community, Xin'an Street, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518133, P.R.China Manufacturer's name: BMV UEM Eng Co., Ltd Production address: Yinjin Building 701, Block 71, Xingdong Community, Xin'an Street, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518133, P.R.China...
  • Page 7 Warning: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. NOTE: This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

  • Page 8: Safety Precautions

    1. Safety precautions 1.1 Safety classification According to anti-shock type: internal power supply equipment; According to the degree of shock resistance: BF type application part; According to the degree of protection against harmful incoming liquids: The product has a waterproof rating of IPX4 for the main unit and IPX7 for the probe; as shown in the figure below: Probe Host...

  • Page 9: Security Warning Information

    Symbols and Meaning Vocabulary Indicates a potentially dangerous situation that, if not avoided, may result in death or severe injury. Indicates a potentially dangerous situation that, if not avoided, may cause mild or moderate injury. Represents dangerous conditions that may occur and, if not avoided, may cause damage to property.
  • Page 10 cavity examination. 7. Do not immerse the interface and the above part of the ultrasonic probe into water or disinfectant. Because the ultrasonic probe interface does not have waterproof function, it will cause electric shock or abnormal probe function. 8. Before and after each inspection, it is necessary to ensure that the ultrasonic head is normal.
  • Page 11 couplings to ensure that they do not become a source of infection. 7. Normal ultrasound examination, room temperature does not produce a risk of burns; however, if the ultrasound probe is placed in the same area for a long time, it may burn the user.

  • Page 12: Warning Sign

    1.5 Warning sign Various markings are carried on the product to draw the user's attention to potential hazards. Symbols on warning signs indicate concerns about system security. The instructions explain the meaning of these warning labels in detail. You must read the instructions carefully before using the system.
  • Page 13 80kPa～106kPa 70kPa～106kPa transport： 1. Do not use or store or transport the MX Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems outside the specified environmental conditions. 2. Please ensure that the product is firmly grasped in use, otherwise, the device may slip and harm users.

  • Page 14: System Configuration

    detonate these materials electronically. A. Please ensure the environment before use. If flammable substances are detected in the environment, please do not plug in the power or turn on the system. B. Real-time detection of the environment during use. Flammable substances are detected after the product is opened.

  • Page 15: Symbol Description

    2.4.2 Optional 2.4.2.1 Optional probe Probe Center Frequency Probe type Applicable parts model frequency range The transcorporeal surface applies to: abdominal organs (liver, gallbladder, pancreas, Convex 3.5MHz 2.0~5.0MHz spleen), gynecological and C5-2Ks probe(big) obstetrical organs (uterus, ovaries), urinary organs (kidneys, prostate, bladder) The transcorporeal surface applies to: abdominal organs...

  • Page 16: Manufacture Date

    This symbol indicates that the waterproof rating of the IPX7 product is IPX7. Manufacture date Safety Warning Symbol. Before using the MX Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems , be sure to read the instructions carefully. Non-Ionizing Radiation Requires a separate collection for electrical and electronic equipment in compliance with the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 20120/19/EU.

  • Page 17: Introduction Of Various Components Of The Product

    2.6 Introduction of various components of the product Serial number Name Function Probe Emits ultrasound Host body Controlling the acoustic head Control area Operational control For connection to external adapted power Micro-USB interface supply Handle For moving the unit 14 / 82...

  • Page 18: Control Area

    2.7 Control area Control area Fig 2.7 Key icon Key name Function Power/Freeze/ Long press: power on/off Defrost key Short press: Freeze/Defrost image (Depth) Under the Gain/Depth menu: Increase the “ ”Key Depth; (Depth) Under the Gain/Depth menu: Reduce the Depth; “...

  • Page 19: Basic Interface

    2.8 Basic interface The interface layout of the Android application is shown in the following figure: interface layout Fig 2.8.1 Status and information display area  The status and information display area includes system information viewing sign, probe signal and power, thumbnail, patient information, probe model, examination type, battery power, system time and other information.
  • Page 20 Displays the currently used probe model or default probe model. Check the type  Displays the type of examination currently in use, such as abdomen. System information view flag  Click this symbol, and a dialog box will pop up for the reader to view the probe ID of the connected probe, the battery level of the probe, the temperature of the probe, the firmware version of the probe, the WiFi firmware version and the application version.

  • Page 21: Basic Introduction

    3. Basic introduction 3.1 Working power supply The MX Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems does not work when connected to an external power supply. The charging interface of the probe is connected through the charging power supply/line conforming to the standard requirements.
  • Page 22 cracked or loose. Use of defective probes may result in electrical motors. 2.When loading and unloading the ultrasonic end of the probe, it is necessary to confirm that the probe is closed or frozen. In order to ensure the safe and effective work of the product, it is necessary to carry out routine inspection.

  • Page 23: Device Connection

    1.Using an abnormally hot probe may burn a patient. 2.If any abnormal phenomena are found, the host is out of order. You should immediately shut down the host and contact a service representative. 3.2.2 Shut down the host Long press the power button to turn off the host. The host needs to be shut down after normal use, or the user needs to shut down the host when some abnormal conditions occur.

  • Page 24: System Settings

    Fig 3.3.1 Note: When there is no image display on WiFi connection, please restart the APP or ultrasound device. The WiFi only supports one-to-one connection, when switching terminal devices, please disconnect the last connection first. When WiFi has been occupied by other device connection, please restart the machine and quickly search for hotspot to connect.

  • Page 25: Preset

    4.1 Preset Through the system preset interface, system preset, image parameter preset, examination type preset, system upgrade and maintenance, DICOM connection. Comprehensive presetting, hospital information, login management, and measurement presetting are available. 4.1.1 System preset Name Description Language Set the interface language of the system Channel Select different channels Parameter Area...
  • Page 26 Fig 4.1.2 Login management Set up personal physician information as in Figure 4.1.3 Fig 4.1.3 Measurement Set up measurement items 23 / 82...
  • Page 27 Fig 4.1.4 4.1.2 4.1.2 Image parameter presets Preset the image measurement parameters for each mode, as shown in Figure 4.1.2 Fig 4.1.2 4.1.3 Inspection type presets The different probe inspection types are preset, as shown in Figure 4.1.3. 24 / 82...
  • Page 28 Fig 4.1.3 4.1.4 System Upgrade Maintenance The permissions for the image function are opened for internal testing and use. as shown in Figure 4.1.4 Fig 4.1.4 4.1.4 DICOM Transfer the image information to the DICOM server. As in Figure 4.1.5 25 / 82...

  • Page 29: Case Storage List

    Fig 4.1.5 4.2 Case storage list View patient case information. As in Figure 4.2 Fig 4.2 4.3 Probe information View host, software information. 26 / 82...

  • Page 30: Patient Information

    5. Patient Information Before performing a patient examination, the user needs to enter relevant patient information and select the appropriate probe and subject for a more accurate and error-free patient examination. Click the icon to enter the patient information interface and enter the basic information of the patient, such as entering the patient's name, modifying the patient ID, and selecting the gender and date of birth.

  • Page 31: Image Parameter Adjustment

    6.2 Image parameter adjustment Before adjusting the image parameters to optimize the image, adjust the brightness of the monitor so that it is in the best working condition. Purpose Optional operation Change the image Adjust the gain and adjust the sound power brightness Adjust the TGC of the corresponding target area Change the grayscale...
  • Page 32 6.3.1 Image parameters of mode B During B mode image scanning, the image parameter area located on the left side of the screen provides real-time parameter information, and the following parameters can be adjusted: 6.3.2 Image optimization in mode B Adjust the way Parameters of the item Control panel adjustment...
  • Page 33 Description: it is used to adjust the depth of the image display. Different probes can adjust  the depth range of the image. The depth value is displayed in the image parameter area on the left side of the screen. Effect: The greater the depth, the deeper and broader the observed tissue;...
  • Page 34 adjacent frames. Effect: Reduce image noise, optimize the image, make the image more delicate, may  cause the loss of specific information. 8. Dynamic Range Description: Adjust the contrast of black and white images, compress or expand the gray  scale display range.

  • Page 35: M Mode Image Adjustment

    15.TSI Description: Tissue feature imaging, select sound velocity according to tissue feature to  make the image more typical. The MX wireless ultrasound diagnostic system provides four characteristic tissue optimizations: adipose, fluid, conventional, and muscular. 16. Pseudo color Spectrum Description: color difference is used instead of gray difference to image, that is, gray ...
  • Page 36 Fig 6.4 6.4.1 M mode image parameters During the M mode image scanning, the image parameter area located on the left of the screen provides real-time parameter information, and the following parameters can be adjusted: Adjust the way Parameters of the item Control panel adjustment Gain, depth Soft key...
  • Page 37 Impact: This feature is available for real-time, frozen, and cine playback images.  7. Effect. Description: Adjust black, white and gray scale contrast to optimize the image.  Effectiveness: The MX wireless ultrasound diagnostic system provides 18 effects for  34 / 82...

  • Page 38: Image Adjustment In Color Mode (For Color Ultrasound Model Only)

    real-time, frozen and electroplayback images. 8. Time signs Description: Sets the display state of the time symbol on the M image.  Effect: It is helpful to identify the cardiac cycle and find the characteristic lesions.  9. The line Description: Line correlation is the scan line processing of M image.
  • Page 39 1. Color blood flow only has reference value for doctors, can not directly diagnose, and other machines are generally compared, or using non-ultrasonic means to diagnose. 2. The device cannot examine the fetus in Doppler mode for long periods of time. 6.5.1 Image parameters in Color mode During C-mode image scanning, the image parameter area on the left side of the screen provides real-time parameter information, and the following parameters can be adjusted:...
  • Page 40 Impact Gain is too large, will amplify the noise; Gain is too small, easy to lose blood flow signal. Rear sight Description Shows the velocity range of blood flow, which for the product is actually an adjustment of the detectable velocity range of blood flow. Android: Select the "Speed"...
  • Page 41 Select the "Wall Filter" button, slide the wall filter to the right to Adjustment increase, slide the wall filter to the left to decrease; method Parameter Value Range: 0 to 7. Effect High wall filtering may cause loss of blood flow signal. Color frequency Description Switches the probe frequency in Doppler mode.

  • Page 42: Image Adjustment In Power Mode (For Color Ultrasound Models Only)

    Adjustment Click the "Flip" button to adjust, and the button indicates the status of method the switch. Effect This feature works with both live and frozen images. Acoustic power Adjust the ultrasonic power of the probe. Description Select [Sound power] button, swipe right to increase the power, swipe left to Adjustment reduce the power;...
  • Page 43 Fig 6.6 6.6.1 Image parameters in Power mode During Power mode image scanning, the image parameter area on the left side of the screen provides real-time parameter information, and the following parameters can be adjusted: Adjust the way Parameters of the item Control panel Gain, depth adjustment...

  • Page 44: Dynamic Range

    Gain Description The total sensitivity of blood flow energy signal is adjusted, and the gain value is displayed in the image parameter area at the top of the screen in real time. Adjustment Select the "Gain" button, slide right gain increases, slide left gain method decreases;...

  • Page 45: Pw Mode Image Adjustment (For Color Ultrasound Model Only)

    Effect Changing the incident direction of the beam in the color mode, thus changing the Angle between the beam and the direction of blood flow, is only effective for the linear array probe. 6.7 PW Mode Image Adjustment (for Color Ultrasound model only) The PW mode (i.e., the spectral Doppler mode) is used to provide information about the direction and velocity of the blood flow.
  • Page 46 Adjust way Parameters of the item Control panel Gain, depth adjustment Speed, baseline, deflection, fast correction angle, correction angle, flip, SV, wall filter, frequency, dynamic range, volume, Soft key to adjust tracing range, pseudo color spectrum, acoustic power, time marker, automatic calculation, automatic calculation parameters 6.7.2 Image optimization in PW mode Gain Description...
  • Page 47 Effect After adjustment, the color blood flow image can be displayed more clearly and accurately. Low speed flow should be measured at a lower velocity range and high speed flow at a higher velocity range. Impact Aliasing is easy to occur when using lower velocity ranges to measure high velocity flow.
  • Page 48 Adjustment Select [Quick Angle correction] button, click to left and right Angle method correction; Parameter adjustable range: -60°, 0°, 60°. Effect This feature works with live, frozen, and cine playback images. Correction Angle Description Adjusting the measured speed and the actual speed as close as possible, is a kind of correction Angle.

  • Page 49: Scanning Speed

    Wall filtering Description It is used to adjust the cutoff frequency of the wall filter in the system and filter the low-frequency noise caused by blood vessel wall vibration so as to display the image information effectively. The wall filter value is displayed in the image parameter area on the left side of the screen in real time.

  • Page 50: Time Marker

    Adjustment Select the "Scan Speed" button, swipe right to increase the gear, method swipe left to decrease the gear; Windows: Click the "Scan Speed" button, the gear button appears above, click to adjust accordingly. Parameter adjustable range: 1 to 3. Finer observations can be obtained, such as changing the scanning Effect speed to detect anomalies in the cycle.

  • Page 51: Measure

    Adjustment Select the "Frequency" button, swipe right to increase the frequency, method swipe left to decrease the frequency; The frequency range of different probes is different, which can be selected according to the need of probe depth and tissue characteristics. Effect The higher the frequency, the higher the resolution and sensitivity, but the lower the penetrating power.

  • Page 52: Routine Measurement

    measurement. 1. Shut down during measurement, and all unsaved data will be lost. 2. During the measurement process, all measurement information on the image will be deleted once the frozen state is lifted. 3. The general mode change clears the general/applied measurements from the screen. 4.
  • Page 53 statistical ultrasound image was measured. 7.1.2 M routine measurement M Routine measurement items are shown in the table below: Measuring project Function Distance Measure the distance between any two points on a vertical line at a given time. Time Measure the time interval between two points on the M image. Slope Calculate the average slope between the two points by measuring the distance and time between them.

  • Page 54: Application Measurement

    7.2 Application Measurement The product provides measurement functions for the following applications: Routine measurements;  Abdominal application software package;  Obstetrics application software package;  Gynecological applications package;  Cardiac application software package;  Small organ application software package;  Neural Applications Software Package ...
  • Page 55 8.1.1 Linkage Cine Playback Linkage cine playback is in B+M synchronous mode, the image is scanned and frozen, and then the B and M are synchronized in the time sequence during playback. 8.1.2 Save Cine When the image is frozen, click the "Save cine" button in the soft key area. After the cine is saved, click on to view locally.

  • Page 56: Comment

    8.2 Comment In the course of diagnosis, it is often necessary to add comment to the ultrasound image. The MX system supports two annotation types: typing characters and pointing arrows. 8.3 Body markers The body markers indicate the position of the patient and the scanning direction of the probe, which play an auxiliary role in the image description.

  • Page 57: Report

    8.4 Report For routine measurements, no report is generated for the measurement results; for application measurements, a report is generated for the measurement results. The content of the measurement report mainly includes the basic information of the patient, the measurement calculation results, and the doctor's diagnosis results. 9.
  • Page 58 Sheet 9.1 Gray-scale imaging performance metrics Performance Probe type metrics C5-2Ks C5-2Fs L11-4Ks C8-5Ks Convex transducer Convex transducer Linear Micro-convex (big) (small) transducer transducer Probe Nominal Frequency (MHz) Deviation acoustic frequency from ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 nominal frequency (%) Maximum depth sounding ≥160 ≥160...
  • Page 59 Detection depth ≥120 ≥120 ≥40 ≥40 (mm) Position color blood flow Overlap. Overlap Overlap. Overlap. image in relation to the grayscale image of the pipe which located Blood flow direction It can be recognized It can be It can be recognized It can be recognized requirement correctly without...

  • Page 60: Inspection And Maintenance

    some people. 3. Do not use expired probe sheaths. Before using a probe sheath, check that the probe sheath is not expired. Operation steps (for reference only) 1. Apply an appropriate amount of ultrasound coupling agent inside the protective sleeve or on the surface of the probe;...

  • Page 61: Cleaning And Disinfection

    The manufacturer will not be responsible for the risks arising from the use of the product beyond its life. 9.2.3 Probe maintenance Wipe the probe gently and thoroughly with a 3.4% saturated acetaldehyde solution with a soft damp hot cloth after each use. The probe is a valuable and vulnerable part. It is strictly prohibited to collide or drop.
  • Page 62 1. Wear antimicrobial gloves to prevent infection when cleaning or disinfecting; 2. After disinfecting, thoroughly clean the disinfecting residues with disinfecting water. Chemical residues will be harmful to human health. 3. If the effect of disinfection and sterilization solution is not guaranteed, please contact the manufacturer for product information.
  • Page 63 1. Stay away from equipment with strong current and strong magnetic field; 2. Do not dip the probe into any type of liquid or detergent; 3. Any type of liquid is strictly prohibited to immerse the probe; 4. It is strictly prohibited to disinfect the probe by gas or heating; 5.

  • Page 64: Puncture Guidance

    10. Puncture guidance 10.1 Enter or exit puncture mode. Click " " to enter or exit puncture mode.  To turn on the puncture guidance function  Set up [Guidance Line] and select, according to the puncture needle, Line A, Line B and ALL. 10.2 Puncture guide line calibration Place the puncture frame with the puncture needles placed, as well as the acoustic head, in the water;...

  • Page 65: Biological Effects

    MX Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems . Please read this chapter carefully before using it. 11.1 Biological Effects Ultrasound is generally considered safe for diagnosis. So far, there have been no reports of human injuries caused by ultrasound. Even so, we can't arbitrarily believe that all ultrasound is absolutely safe.

  • Page 66: Mi/Ti

    The user must be responsible for the safety of the patient and use the ultrasound purposefully, that is, according to the ALARA principle to select the ultrasonic output power. Additional information on the ALARA principle and the potential biological effects of ultrasound can be found in the "Safety of Medical Ultrasound"...

  • Page 67: Acoustic Power Setting

    Ti (heat index) : Ti is determined by the ratio of the total sound power to the sound power required to raise the tissue temperature by 1 ° C. In addition, different tissue structures have different temperature rises, so Ti is divided into three categories: TIS (soft tissue heat index), TIB (bone heat index), and TIC (skull heat index).

  • Page 68: Acoustic Power Control

    The intensity level of the acoustic output depends on the scanning area. During fetal examination, be very careful to control the intensity of sound output. For the MX wireless ultrasonic diagnosis system, users can preset the image parameters. Once the preset changes are made, the machine's original default Settings become invalid.

  • Page 69: Acoustic Output Specification

    The MX wireless ultrasonic diagnostic system directly controls the acoustic output by adjusting the acoustic output through the "acoustic power" item in the soft menu area. However, in any mode, the maximum acoustic output should not exceed the acoustic output limit (MI limit of 2, TI limit of 6, ISPTA.3 limit of 720 mW/cm...
  • Page 70 in water), and Z is the distance from the probe. The attenuation acoustic pressure value formula is similar, but the attenuation coefficient is 0.15 dB/cm/MHz, which is half of the acoustic intensity. Because the pressure is proportional to the square of the pressure, the acoustic intensity coefficient is twice the acoustic pressure coefficient.

  • Page 71: Measurement Uncertainty

    also will be simplified. Thus, when scanning a hyperperfused tissue (such as the heart or vascular system), a much lower thermal effect will be produced than the thermal index shown. The mechanical index is used to indicate the likelihood that a mechanical (cavitation) effect will occur.

  • Page 72: Transducer Surface Temperature

    28.5 29.1 12. EMC Declaration MX Diagnostic Ultrasound Systemss complies with EMC test standard IEC 60601-1-2 and MX Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems meets the relevant requirements of IEC 60601-1 and IEC 60601-2-37 standards for electromagnetic compatibility. 1. The use of improper accessories will reduce the product performance.
  • Page 73 EMC information provided below. 4. The operation of the MX Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems under the condition that the physiological signal of the patient is lower than the minimum or minimum value specified by the product will lead to incorrect results.
  • Page 74 close to microwave oven, elevator, etc. 7. Transmission frequency band: 2412MHz ~ 2470MHz 8. Modulation type: DSSS /OFDM modulation Frequency characteristics: 802.11b effective radiation Power: TX power -- 18.0dBm@1DSSS 14.5 dBm @ 54 OFDM Rx Sensitivity - 95.7dBm@1DSSS 74.0 dBm @ 54OFDM 9.
  • Page 75 Emission test compliance Electromagnetic Environments - Guidelines RF emissions The MX Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems uses Group 1 CISPR 11 RF energy only for its internal functions. As a result, its RF emission is low and there is little...
  • Page 76 Table 2 Guidelines and Manufacturer's Statement - Electromagnetic Immunity Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems is intended to be used in the following specified electromagnetic environment, and the purchaser or user shall warrant that it is used in such electromagnetic environment: IEC 60601 test level Compliance level Electromagnetic Immunity test...
  • Page 77 Table 3 Guidelines and Manufacturer's Statement - Electromagnetic Immunity The MX Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems is intended to be used in the following specified electromagnetic environment, and the customer or user shall warrant its use in such electromagnetic environment: Immunity test...
  • Page 78 1. Field strengths from fixed transmitters, such as base stations for radio (cellular/cordless) telephones and land mobile radios, amateur radio, AM and FM radio broadcast and TV broadcast cannot be predicted theoretically with accuracy. To assess the electromagnetic environment due to fixed RF transmitters, an electromagnetic site survey should be considered.
  • Page 79 The recommended seperation distance between portable and mobile radio-frequency communication equipment and the MX Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems MX Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems is intended for use in electromagnetic environments where radiofrequency radiation harassment is controlled. Depending on the maximum rated power output of the communication...
  • Page 80 Table 5. Basic Performance Scanning Mode: The mode of operation of an ultrasonic diagnostic device, consisting of a series of ultrasonic pulses that produce scan lines that do not follow the same acoustic path. Scanning mode parameter B mode Gain: adjustable from 0 to 100 Maximum loudest output: 10-100% adjustable Depth: M mode...
  • Page 81 Names and contents of toxic and harmful substances or elements Table: Names and contents of toxic and harmful substances or elements Part name Toxic and harmful substances or elements Cr(VI) PBDE The internal wire × ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○...

  • Page 82: Acoustic Output Data

    Acoustic output data Meaning of each symbol in the acoustic output table: symbol Meaning Α Acoustic attenuation coefficient -12dB output beam area aprt Equivalent pore diameter Identical beam diameter Acoustic operating frequency Pulse mean acoustic intensity The average acoustic intensity of pa,α...

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