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ELPRO 945U-E1 User Manual

Wireless ethernet modem
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945U-E & 945U-E1
User ManUal
945U-EX WIRELESS ETHERNET
MODEM
VERSION 2.17
User ManUal 945U-E
eFFeCTIVe DEc, 2024
An envirada group company

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Summary of Contents for ELPRO 945U-E1

  • Page 1 945U-E & 945U-E1 User ManUal 945U-EX WIRELESS ETHERNET MODEM VERSION 2.17 User ManUal 945U-E An envirada group company eFFeCTIVe DEc, 2024...

  • Page 2: Fcc Notice

    • This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This device must be operated as supplied by ELPRO Technologies. Any changes or modifications made to the device without the written consent of ELPRO Technologies may void the user’s authority to operate the device.

  • Page 3: Gnu Free Documentation License

    The Free Software is copyrighted by Free Software Foundation, Inc., and the program is licensed “As is” without warranty of any kind. Users are free to contact Eaton at the email address Elpro-sales@eaton.com for instructions on how to obtain the source code used in the 945U-E.

  • Page 4: Release Notice

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 4. To avoid accidents during maintenance or adjustment of remotely controlled equipment, all equipment should be first disconnected from the 945U-E module during these adjustments. Equipment should carry clear markings to indicate remote or automatic operation. For example, “This equipment is remotely controlled and may start without warning. Isolate at the switchboard before attempting adjustments.”...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual CONTENTS Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION ......7 WPA Enterprise - Supplicant (Client) Configuration .
  • Page 6 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 4.2 Channel Survey (Utilization) .....75 Channel Utilization on a Live System ....76 Channel Utilization for Channel Selection or RF Path Testing .

  • Page 7: Chapter 1 - Introduction

    945U-E1 630mW max power The 945U-E and 945U-E1 are a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) wireless transceiver that utilizes the unlicensed 900-MHz frequency band for communications. There are various channels and bandwidths available depending on the country and their radio regulations. If operating in the North America you can choose from the following 9 x 1.25 MHz, 9 x 2.5 MHz, 4 x 5 MHz, 4 x 10 MHz or 2 x 20 MHz channels.
  • Page 8 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Clients (Stations) are slave units and when connected to the Access Point become transparent Ethernet links. Figure 2 shows a connection between two Ethernet devices using 945U-E Ethernet modems. In this example one 945U-E is configured as an Access Point and the other as a Client.

  • Page 9: Bridge Vs. Router

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 5 Multiple Clients Multiple Access Points can be set up in a mesh network to provide multiple repeaters. Figure 6 Multiple Access Points Bridge vs. Router Each 945U-E is configured with one IP address for the Ethernet side and another for the wireless side. A Bridge connects devices within the same Ethernet network, for example, extending an existing Ethernet LAN.

  • Page 10: Getting Started Quickly

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 7 Bridge A Router connects devices on different LANs. The IP addresses for the Ethernet and wireless sides are different. In the example in Figure 8, the wireless link is part of LAN A with the Client unit acting as a Router between LAN A and LAN B. Alternatively, the Access Point could be configured as a Router.

  • Page 11: Chapter 2 - Installation

    TX only, RX only or Diversity (TX and RX). Selection can be made by choosing one of the options from TX Antenna / RX Antenna on the Advanced Radio Configuration page. The 945U-E1 only has the one antenna port and does not support Antenna Diversity. NOTE When only one antenna is used, it must be connected to the TX / RX connector.

  • Page 12: Antenna Diversity

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Antenna Diversity (Note: not available with 945U-E1 model) There are two main reasons for using Antenna diversity. The first is to improve the reliability of a radio link that may be affected by multipath signals. Often if radio signals are transmitted in built-up area the signal can get reflected off different surfaces and when these signals are received they can cancel each other out due to slightly different time delays.

  • Page 13: Line-Of-Sight Installations

    ELPRO surge suppression devices such as the CSD-SMA-2500 or CSD-N-6000 should be fitted between the module and the antenna. If using non ELPRO surge suppression devices, the devices must have a TURN ON voltage of less than 90 V. If the antenna is not already shielded from lightning strike by an adjacent earthed structure, a lightning rod may be installed above the antenna to provide shielding.

  • Page 14: Dipole And Collinear Antennas

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 9 Vulcanizing Tape Dipole and Collinear Antennas A dipole or collinear antenna transmits the same amount of radio power in all directions—as such they are easy to install and use. The dipole antenna with integral 15 ft (5 m) cable does not require any additional coaxial cable. However, a cable must be used with the collinear antennas.

  • Page 15: Power Supply

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual be used to compensate for coaxial cable loss for installations with marginal radio path. Yagi antennas should be installed with the main beam horizontal, pointing in the forward direction. If the Yagi is transmitting to a vertically mounted omni-directional antenna, the Yagi elements should be vertical.

  • Page 16: Serial Connections

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 12Vdc 24Vdc Quiescent 300 mA 160 mA TX @100 mW 370 mA 190 mA TX @ 400 mW 410 mA 210 mA A ground terminal is provided on the back of the module. This terminal should be connected to the main ground point of the installation in order to provide efficient surge protection for the module (refer to the Installation diagram).

  • Page 17: Discrete (Digital) Input/Output

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Therefore, communication protocols based on the RS-485 standard require some type of arbitration. RS485 is a balanced differential standard, but it is recommended that shielded twisted pair cable be used to interconnect modules to reduce potential RFI. It is important to maintain the polarity of the two RS485 wires. An RS485 network should be wired as indicated in the diagram below and terminated at each end of the network with a 120-ohm resistor.
  • Page 18 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 16 DIO Input The I/O channel may also be used as a discrete output. The digital outputs are transistor switched DC signals, FET output to common rated at 30 Vdc 500 mA. NOTE The output circuit is connected to the “DIO” terminal. The digital output circuit includes a LED indicator which is red when the digital output is active.

  • Page 19: Chapter 3 - Operation

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Chapter 3 - OPERATION 3.0 Startup Access Point Startup When an access point (AP) unit starts up, it will immediately begin transmitting periodic messages (beacons) on the configured channel. Beacons include information that a client may examine in order to identify if the access point is suitable for link establishment.

  • Page 20: Selecting A Channel

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual LED Indicator Condition Meaning Green Normal operation. Flashing Red/Green Module boot sequence. Radio RX Green flash Radio receiving data (good signal strength). Radio RX Red flash Radio receiving data (low signal strength). TX/LINK Green Radio connection established.

  • Page 21: Radio Throughput

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 18 900MHz Channels Each country or region has a different frequency regulation with multiple band widths and numerous channels available. The main reason for having different channels and bandwidths is to allow multiple radios to operate in close proximity with minimal interference.

  • Page 22: Throughput And Repeaters

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Signal Strength 20MHz 10MHz 5MHz 2.5MHz 1.25MHz -72 dBm 22.0 11.0 -75 dBm 20.0 10.0 -81 dBm 17.0 -84 dBm 11.0 -88 dBm -91 dBm 0.75 0.38 -90 dBm 0.69 0.34 -91 dBm 0.56 0.28 -92 dBm 0.75...

  • Page 23: Configuring The Unit For The First Time

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 3.2 Configuring the Unit for the First Time The 945U-E has a built-in Web server, containing webpages for analyzing and modifying the module’s configuration. The configuration can be accessed using Microsoft Internet Explorer version 7 or greater. This program is shipped with Microsoft ®...
  • Page 24 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 19 Local Area Connection 7. On the General tab, enter IP address 192.168.0.1, subnet mask 255.255.255.0 and click OK. Figure 20 TCP/IP Properties 8. Open Internet Explorer and ensure that settings will allow you to connect to the IP address selected. If the PC uses a proxy server, ensure that Internet Explorer will bypass the proxy server for local addresses.
  • Page 25 945U-E is issued by ELPRO and matches the IP address 192.168.0.100. When you first connect to the 945U-E, your Web browser will issue a warning that ELPRO is not a trusted authority. Ignore this warning and proceed to the configuration webpage.
  • Page 26 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 22 Dragon eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:12:AF:FF:FF:FF inet addr:192.168.0.1 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU: 1500 Metric: 1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:256 5.

  • Page 27: Quick Start

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 3.3 Quick Start The 945U-E has a Quick Start Configuration option that covers the most important parameters needed to get an initial connection. This is the first stage of the module configuration. For most applications, no further configuration is required. For more advanced applications, additional parameters can be changed via the normal configuration pages after the Quick Start configuration has been saved.

  • Page 28: Network Configuration

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 3.4 Network Configuration You can view or modify Ethernet network parameters by selecting the Network menu. When prompted for the username and password, enter “user” as the username, and “user” as the password. This is the factory default setting. To change the default username and password, see “3.23 Module Information Configuration.”...
  • Page 29 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Enabling this option will lower the security level of the network down to the weakest configured encryption level (WPA TKIP). • WPA-Enterprise (802.1x) removes the need to manage the pre-shared key (PSK) by using an external server to provide client authentication.
  • Page 30 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Channel (AP Only) Select the desired Channel that the AP will operate in. There are various channels and bandwidths available depending on the country and their radio regulations.”3.6 Security Menu.” Refer to “3.1 Selecting a Channel” for more information Device Mode Used to select Bridge or Router mode.

  • Page 31: Spanning Tree Algorithm

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 3.5 Spanning Tree Algorithm The bridge Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) function was introduced to handle network loops and provide redundant paths in networks. To enable this function, select the STP checkbox on any WDS connections that you have configured on the Repeaters configuration page.

  • Page 32: Security Menu

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 3.6 Security Menu Select the Radio Encryption level from the drop down menu on the main index page, and then click Save Changes. Available encryption levels are None‚ WEP (64-bit), WEP (128-bit), WPA PSK (TKIP), WPA PSK (AES)‚ WPA2 PSK (AES), WPA PSK/ WPA2 PSK (Legacy), and WPA-Enterprise.

  • Page 33: Wep Shares Authentication Mode

    Enable Debug Must only be used during commissioning and only if requested by ELPRO technical support. This must be disabled for normal operation. www.elprotech.com...

  • Page 34: Wpa Enterprise - Supplicant (Client) Configuration

    User credentials that match a valid user on the RADIUS server. Enable Debug Disabled for normal operation. Enables debug mode for use during commissioning. To be used only if requested by ELPRO technical support. Trusted CA Upload the certificate of the issuer of the RADIUS server’s certificate. This enables the certificate upload Supplicant to verify the identity of the RADIUS server during the authentication process.

  • Page 35: Router Operation (Routed Network)

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Router Operation (Routed Network) A router joins separate IP sub-networks together. The router has different IP addresses on its wired and wireless ports, reflecting the different IP addresses of the separate Ethernet networks. All of the devices in these separate networks identify the router by IP address as their gateway to the other network.

  • Page 36: Channel Selection

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Radio Mode The 945U-E only supports the 802.11 standard. Transmit Power Level This allows adjustment of the radio power. Do not set the radio power above the allowed setting for your country You can reduce the power for short range applications, or to allow the use of high gain transmitter antennas while still complying with the emission requirements of your country.

  • Page 37: Advanced Radio Configuration

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 32 US/Canadian Channels Australia     Figure 33 Australian Channels 3.9 Advanced Radio Configuration Some of the more advanced radio settings have been moved from the normal Radio configuration page to the Advanced Radio Settings page to simplify the configuration process.

  • Page 38: Fixed Noise Floor

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual TX Antenna (Note: Not Select which antenna port the module will transmit from: used on the 945U-E1) Main Port Only—Messages are transmitted from the main TX/RX port. The auxiliary port RX is disabled. Both (Diversity)—Both ports will be used to transmit, but not at the same time. It calculates the best port based on previous transmissions and MAC addressing.

  • Page 39: Serial Port Configuration

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual After configuring the fixed noise floor, confirm that the channel utilization has dropped to a desirable level and where possible perform an Iperf throughput test to confirm acceptable performance. 3.10 Serial Port Configuration The 945U-E has an RS-232 and an RS-485 port for serial communications. These ports may be used for different purposes. The 945U-E offers three serial functions—PPP server, serial gateway, and Modbus TCP to RTU gateway.

  • Page 40: Serial Gateway (Server/Client/Multicast)

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 16. Click the newly created link to establish a connection to 945U-E. 17. Ensure that the username and the password are entered exactly as configured in 945U-E. When booted in SETUP mode, the PPP server has the username “user” and password “user.” Serial Gateway (Server/Client/Multicast) Serial gateway functionality is available for both RS-232 and RS-485 ports independently, and enables serial data to be routed via the wired or wireless network connection.

  • Page 41: Modbus Tcp To Rtu Gateway

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 35 Gateway Topology Examples There are software packages available (such as SerialIP Redirector by Tactical Software) that can create a virtual serial port on a PC. This virtual serial port can be configured to connect to a 945U-E serial port. Standard programs can then be used to access this serial port as if it were actually connected to the PC.

  • Page 42: Serial Menu

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual The example in Figure 36 demonstrates how a Modbus/TCP client (master) can connect to one or more Modbus RTU (serial) slaves. In this example the 945U-E access point is configured with the “RS232 Modbus/TCP to RTU Gateway” enabled. Once enabled, the gateway converts the Modbus/TCP queries received from the master into Modbus RTU queries and forwards these over the RS232 port to the slave.

  • Page 43: Rs485 Modbus Tcp/Rtu Converter

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Remote Device IP Client only. Enter the IP address of the remote server. Address Serial Gateway Mode Multicast—Allows point-to-multi-point serial transfer. All members of the group will receive serial transmissions made by any other member of the multicast group. Character Timeout Enter the maximum delay (in msec) between received serial characters before packet is sent via network.

  • Page 44: Multicast Pipe Manager

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 3.12 Multicast Pipe Manager Previously, it has been difficult to connect a single TCP device (such as a SCADA or DCS system) to multiple remote multicast serial devices. Multicast pipe allows this type of connection. An example would be a SCADA system that needs to communicate with multiple remote serial devices.

  • Page 45: Modbus I/O Transfer

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 39 Digital I/O 3.14 Modbus I/O Transfer The 945U-E provides Modbus TCP client and Modbus TCP server functionality for I/O transfer. The 5000 x 16-bit general purpose registers are provided for Modbus (including the onboard digital input/output) and are shared for both client and server.
  • Page 46 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Modbus TCP client (master) enables the 945U-E to connect to one or more Modbus TCP servers (slaves). All Modbus master messages are directed to/from the onboard I/O registers, depending on configuration (described below). The Modbus TCP client may also poll Modbus RTU (serial) devices connected to either the local serial port or a remote 945U-E serial port by enabling the Modbus TCP to RTU gateway at the corresponding serial port (see “3.10 Serial Port Configuration”).
  • Page 47 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual input at C will be reflected at the onboard digital output at B. Also, 8 single-bit registers from Modbus serial device D will be transferred to A. Figure 42 Modbus Mappings for Unit B Unit C is configured with Modbus TCP server enabled and device ID set to 1, so that the Modbus TCP client at unit B can connect and read the status of the onboard digital input.

  • Page 48: Roaming

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Modbus TCP Client Mappings on I/O Transfer Menu Local Register Enter the starting onboard I/O register number that the specified Modbus master transaction will transfer I/O to/from. I/O Count Specify the number of consecutive I/O register to be transferred for the specified transaction. Function Code Specify the Modbus function code for the transaction.

  • Page 49: Repeaters (Wds)

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Roam Changeover This is the RSSI value above the roam scan threshold that is required for the client to change Threshold to the new access point. In the example shown above, the access point RSSI would need to be above -84 dB before it would change over.
  • Page 50 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 45 WDS Repeaters A WDS bridge interface allows traffic to be bridged to another access point on the same IP network. WDS bridge interfaces do not require additional IP address configuration because they are bridged with the standard wireless interface that is used for connections to associated clients.
  • Page 51 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual be configured with one of the standard Wi-Fi operating modes (Access Point or Station) or a non-standard Point-to-Point mode. • Access point and station virtual modules allow for the possibility of dynamically created connections (based on SSID) and support WPA encryption.
  • Page 52 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Example 1: Extending Range Using WDS Figure 46 Extending Range One of the most common uses for WDS is to extend the range of the wireless network using repeaters. Figure 46 illustrates a simple example where the four access points are all at fixed locations (each of the access points could, have one or more client/stations connected).
  • Page 53 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Example 2: Roaming with WDS Access Points Figure 48 WDS Roaming Another common use for WDS is extending the range across a large wireless network by allowing roaming connections between access points or being able to switch to the next access point when out of range of the previous access point. Figure 48 shows a bridging network with a number of access points all with the same SSID and network structure, so the Stations can freely roam between access points.
  • Page 54 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 50 WDS Redundancy Sites A, B, C, and D can all exchange data with each other (as can all of their stations) as if they were all on the same wired segment. Notice that there are redundant paths, and therefore the possibility for loops to occur.The bridge Spanning Tree Protocol should therefore be enabled, and depending on the size of the mesh, a bridge priority should possibly be configured.
  • Page 55 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Example 4: WDS Routed Network An example of using WDS router interfaces to achieve a similar physical topology to the WDS bridge example discussed earlier is shown in Figure 53. In both examples, there are four WDS access points each with the possibility of having their own client or stations associated. In both examples, Sites A, B, C, and D can all exchange data with each other.

  • Page 56: Routing Rules

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual SSID is the same as the access point, and the router IP is on the same subnet as the access point In addition to adding these WDS connections, Sites C and D will need a default gateway address configured so that the modules can determine where to send traffic destined for the other networks.
  • Page 57 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 57 Routing Figure 57 illustrates a situation where routing rules may need to be configured. In this example, the 945U-E clients need only specify the access point as their default gateway (they require no routing rules to be configured). However, for the access point to be able to deliver traffic to LAN B and LAN C it needs to have routing rules configured that specify the respective 945U-E client/routers as next-hop routers (gateways) to networks B and C.

  • Page 58: Filtering

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Subnet Mask The subnet mask for the destination network. Gateway The IP address of the next-hop router for the specified destination. Enabled Select this checkbox to enable the rule. You can clear the checkbox to disable a routing rule without needing to re-enter the information at a later time.

  • Page 59: Mac Address Filter Configuration

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual When configuring a whitelist, it is important to add the addresses of all devices connected to the 945U-E wired Ethernet port that communicate over the wireless link. It is particularly important to add the address of the configuration PC to the whitelist. Failure to add this address will prevent the configuration PC from making any further changes to configuration.

  • Page 60: Arp Filter Configuration

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual in the rule, the packet is matched and will be discarded (blacklist) or allowed (whitelist). If the protocol is specified, the protocol of the packet must also match. If the protocol is TCP or UDP, the source or destination TCP/UDP can also be inspected.

  • Page 61: Dhcp Server Configuration

    IP address by a DHCP server (see “3.20 DHCP Server Configuration”). DNS is the system that translates Internet names (such as www.eaton.com/wireless) to IP addresses. The ELPRO 945U-E can act as a DNS server for a local network. Name to IP address mapping is automatically updated by the built in DHCP server when it issues an IP address to a client unit.

  • Page 62: Operation

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual There are three main VLAN modes that the 945U-E supports: • VLAN (Pass-through Mode)—A transparent bridge in which frames are forwarded unmodified. This is the default mode of the modem in which all frames pass transparently through the bridge regardless of whether they are VLAN tagged or untagged.

  • Page 63: Vlan Group

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual If more than one interface is added to a VLAN group, a separate bridge will be created for the VLAN group. The configured interfaces for the VLAN group will then be configured as ports on the bridge. In Figure 62, the Management VLAN has two interfaces configured, Ethernet and wireless, and both are set to “Untagged.”...

  • Page 64: Interface Membership

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Management Netmask The IP network mask of the Management IP (see above). Bridge STP Turns on Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) for the bridge. STP prevents network loops that can cause broadcast storms. Bridge Priority The STP priority number for the bridge.
  • Page 65 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 64 Example 1 Configuration Example 2: Multiple Wireless Interfaces Another very desirable VLAN configuration for a wireless device is to support multiple virtual wireless networks. For example, consider a corporate facility where separate networks may be provided for a) permanent staff, b) guests, and c) production network.
  • Page 66 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Because the 945U-E supports flexible VLAN functionality such that any of the available interfaces can have membership to particular VLAN(s) by assigning membership to one or more VLAN groups—virtually any possible topology can be achieved. Figure 66 shows the configuration for the multi-VLAN example described above.

  • Page 67: Module Information Configuration

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual they are all connected to a VLAN network. Each wireless interface is configured as untagged to allow connection from untagged devices. VLAN Group 2 is using the standard wireless interface which is configured from the main network page, while the other two are each using one of the WDS repeater virtual interfaces.

  • Page 68: Configuration Examples

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Password The password used to access the configuration on the 945U-E. Take care to remember this password if you change it, as it will be needed to access the module in future. Device Name A label for the particular 945U-E.

  • Page 69: Connecting Two Networks Together

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual module’s serial number. 8. When prompted for password, enter default username “user” and password “user.” 9. Click Network and select Operating Mode as “Access Point.” 10. Select Device Mode as “Bridge.” 11. Change the Gateway IP Address to 192.168.0.1. 12.
  • Page 70 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual information on the DOS “Route” command, see “4.10 Utilities.” LAN B Configuration All devices on LAN B should be configured so their gateway IP address is that of the 945U-E access point as 169.254.102.54 Access Point Configuration 1.

  • Page 71: Extending Network Range With A Repeater Hop

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Extending Network Range with a Repeater Hop Configure units as described in “Extending a Wired Network 70.” Place the access point at the remote intermediate repeater location. Additional repeaters can be added using wireless distribution system (WDS). Refer to “3.16 Repeaters (WDS)” for details.

  • Page 72: Chapter 4 - Diagnostics

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Chapter 4 - DIAGNOSTICS 4.0 Diagnostics Chart LED Indicator Condition Meaning Green Normal operation. Red continuously Supply voltage too low or internal module fault. Red at Power On Boot loader delay at startup. Fast flash Red / Green Module boot sequence.

  • Page 73: Connectivity Parameters

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 72 Connected Devices Connectivity Parameters Association ID. Every client receives a unique temporary ID from the access point. CHAN The radio channel being used. RATE Radio data rate. RSSI Radio signal strength index (amount of received signal strength). BGND Background interference level, in dBms.

  • Page 74: Channel Survey (Utilization)

    60 hours. The ELPRO 802.11 Ethernet modem utilizes a half-duplex radio channel for communications. At any given time, an access point and its associated clients occupy a radio channel. These radio channels or frequencies are license free, and may contain interference from any number of other radio transmitters.
  • Page 75 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Channel Survey shows the channel utilization and noise floor graph with 1-second, 1-minute and 1-hour periods. Figure 74 shows a percent of the overall radio traffic on the channel that is currently being used. Figure 74 Channel Utilization Figure 75 shows the radio receive noise floor for the last 60 seconds.

  • Page 76: Custom Survey

    Percent Radio TX Any transmitted messages from the radio to other devices. Percent Radio RX Any DSSS messages received by the radio (basically any radio data from either ELPRO or competitor radios). Percent Busy (CCA or Clear channel assessment (CCA) is the detection of any ongoing transmissions or noise, for Noise) example, from devices such as wireless I/O, 900 MHz FHSS, cordless phones, or RC devices.

  • Page 77: Throughput Test

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Example 2 In Figure 79, notice that chart one shows the amount of data being received from Wi-Fi devices, and chart two shows the amount of other noise that is being received. From this you can see that in the last 60-second period there was a 20-second interval with around 60-80% channel utilization, in this case from another 900-MHz device.
  • Page 78 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 81 Throughput Test Configuration To run an internal throughput test: 1. Connect to the webpage of the module that will be performing the Iperf test. 2. Select the “System Tools” link on the right pane of the webpage, and then select “TCP Throughput Test.” The screen shown in Figure 82 appears.
  • Page 79 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual reset the module. Each time you click Measure Throughput, a 10-second TCP throughput test is performed. You will see the message “Performing Iperf Test,” and if you look at the modules you will see the TX/Link and RX LEDs flashing quickly as it performs the test.

  • Page 80: Statistics

    4.5 Statistics The Statistics webpage is used for advanced debugging of 945U-E. This webpage details the state of the 945U-E and performance information. This page is typically useful to ELPRO technical support personnel in diagnosing problems with the module. NOTE When updating the Statistics webpage, it is necessary to hold down the CTRL key while clicking Refresh, otherwise the information will not be updated.

  • Page 81: Network Traffic Analysis

    Firmware upgrade can be executed locally, or remotely via the radio. System Log File Shows an event log of the modules operation. Used for diagnosing problems. The page can be saved and emailed to ELPRO if requested. “Clear System Log” will clear the log file and start afresh. Reset Resets the module.

  • Page 82: Testing Radio Paths

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Factory Default Loads the factory default configuration and resets the module. Configuration CAUTION This will overwrite any current configuration. 4.7 Testing Radio Paths Connection and Signal Strength The general, the procedure for radio range testing a link is fairly simple. Configure two units to form a link using automatic radio rates, and install the access point at a fixed location.

  • Page 83: Rssi Test

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual NOTE The Radio Path Test feature should not be enabled on a live system. It is intended for testing only. Radio path settings are as follows. Enable Radio Path Test Enables or disables the radio path test. RSSI Strong Threshold Strong RSSI indication threshold.

  • Page 84: Remote Configuration

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 87 Throughput Test LEDs • The OK LED will flash between red and green, which indicates the module is in a diagnostic Radio Test mode. • RS-232 LED is showing a green indication which means the RSSI to the access point is greater than -40dB. If the RS232 LED were red, it would indicate the RSSI level was greater than -60dB.

  • Page 85: Internal Diagnostic Modbus Registers

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 4.9 Internal Diagnostic Modbus Registers There are a number of internal diagnostic registers that can be accessed via Modbus TCP/RTU that will help with analyzing and diagnosing the radio network. To access these registers, the Modbus server will need to be enabled and a Modbus server address will need to be configured.

  • Page 86: Utilities

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Register Module Description 4512 Both Receive message failed due to MIC failure. 4514 Both Receive message failed due to FIFO overrun. 4516 Both Beacon missed interrupts. 4518 Both Total data packet sent on the interface. 4520 Both Transmit frames with antenna 1 (TX/RX).

  • Page 87: Ipconfig

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 89 Ping Figure 90 shows the response of the “ping -t 192.168.0.118” command. Figure 90 Ping -t This -t command is used to repeatedly ping the specified node in the network. To cancel use CTRL+C. A good test for the network once it is first set up is to use Ping repeatedly from one PC’s IP address to the other PC’s IP address.

  • Page 88: Arp

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 91 Ipconfig In the example above, ipconfig was entered in the command prompt. The reply shows the PC’s IP address, subnet mask, and the gateway it is connected to. Other ipconfig commands will return more information. The hardware or MAC address of the computer may be discovered using the command ipconfig /all.
  • Page 89 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual • route CHANGE modifies an existing route. Figure 93 Route The following is an example of a routing table for the configuration. Network A Settings Client Bridge Settings IP Address 192.168.0.17 Gateway IP 192.168.2.51 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Ethernet IP 192.168.2.50 Gateway IP 192.168.0.1...

  • Page 90: Chapter 5 - Specifications

    Auto mode selects fastest rate possible relative to RSSI Range (LoS) 12 miles (20 km) @ 630 mW (27 dBm) Antenna Connector 2 x Female SMA Standard Polarity 1 x Female SMA Standard Polarity on 945U-E1 Input/Output Discrete I/O Input Voltage-Free Contact Output FET 30 Vdc 500 mA...
  • Page 91 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual LED Indication Power/OK; RX; TX/Link; RS232; LAN; RS485; Digital I/O status. Please refer to product manual for further information. Reported Diagnostics RSSI Measurements (dBm); Connectivity Information/Statistics; System Log file Network Management Optional Network Management System Compliance FCC Part 15;...

  • Page 92: Appendix A - Firmware Upgrades

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Appendix A - FIRMWARE UPGRADES Determine which firmware version is present in the module to be upgraded by viewing the index webpage of the module. Firmware versions 1.0.3 and later may be upgraded via the Configuration webpages. This upgrade can be performed locally with a PC connected directly to the module, or remotely over a working radio link.

  • Page 93: Appendix B - Glossary

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Appendix B - GLOSSARY Term Definition Acknowledgment. Access Point An access point connects wireless network stations (or clients) to other stations within the wireless network and also can serve as the point of interconnection between the wireless network and a wired network. Each access point can serve multiple users within a defined network area.
  • Page 94 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Term Definition Encryption Key An alphanumeric (letters and/or numbers) series that enables data to be encrypted and then decrypted so it can be safely shared among members of a network. WEP uses an encryption key that automatically encrypts outgoing wireless data.
  • Page 95 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Term Definition MAC Address Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique code assigned to most forms of networking hardware. The address is permanently assigned to the hardware, so limiting a wireless network’s access to hardware (such as wireless cards) is a security feature employed by closed wireless networks.

  • Page 96: Appendix C - Power Conversion

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Term Definition Wide area network (WAN) is a communication system of connecting PCs and other computing devices across a large local, regional, national or international geographic area. Also used to distinguish between phone-based data networks and Wi-Fi.

  • Page 97: Appendix D - Iperf Throughput Test - Ext

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Appendix D - IPERF THROUGHPUT TEST - EXT This appendix shows how to set up and use the Iperf application to test the throughput of Ethernet modems. Iperf is a tool used to measure the throughput and quality of a network link. Another application, called Jperf ,can also be used, which gives a graphical interface for all results.

  • Page 98: Jperf Application

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 96 iperf –c Command This will run a test over the Wi-Fi Link to the server PC and report back results as seen in Figure 97. These results show the bandwidth (throughput) of the test as 16.2 Mbits/sec. Figure 97 Bandwidth 4.
  • Page 99 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 98 Jperf Figure 99 Jperf Screen 2. When the Jperf screen appears, select the Client option for Iperf Mode, and enter the IP address of the server PC. Leave Port as default and click Run Iperf. The test will run again and the bandwidth (throughput) display will show results of the test.

  • Page 100: Appendix E - Gnu Free Doc License

    945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Appendix E - GNU FREE DOC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it.
  • Page 101 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
  • Page 102 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
  • Page 103 Technologies ELPRO Technologies elPrO is a registered trademark. australia - Head Office USA Office 29 lathe st, 2028 East Ben White Blvd,, all other trademarks are property Virginia, Queensland #240-565 Austin, TX 78741-931 of their respective owners Australia, 4014 ©...

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