Actel RH1280-CQ172V Programming Manual

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RadHard/RadTolerant

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Summary of Contents for Actel RH1280-CQ172V

Page 1 RadHard/RadTolerant Programming Guide Windows and UNIX Environments ® ®...
Page 2: Programming Guide
RadHard/RadTolerant Programming Guide Windows and UNIX Environments...
Page 3 ﬁtness for a particular purpose. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Actel as- sumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. This document contains conﬁdential proprietary information that is not to be disclosed to any unauthorized person without prior written consent of Actel Corporation.
Page 4: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents Introduction ..... . . xi System Requirements ....xi Document Organization .
Page 5 Table of Contents APSW Description ..... . 33 Programming a Device with APSW ....36 APS2 Description .
Page 6 ..97 Testability of Actel FPGAs ....97 Actel RadHard and RadTolerant FPGA Products ..98 Architecture .
Page 8 List of Figures Activator 2 Rear Panel Connectors ....2 Activator 2s Rear Panel Connectors ....3 Adaptec AVA-1505 AT-to-SCSI Host Adapter .
Page 10: List Of Tables
List of Tables RH1020, A1020B Security Fuse Configurations ..47 RH1280, A1280A, A1460A, and A14100A Security Fuse Configurations ....49 Signal or Vector Values .
Page 12: Introduction
Actel Part Number DSCC Part Number Revision RH1280-CQ172V 5962F9215603QYC A1020B-CQ84B 5962-9096503MTC A1280A-CQ172B 5962-9215601MYC Designer 3.1 or later A1460A-CQ196B 5962-9550801MYC A14100A-CQ256B 5962-9552101MYC RH1020-CQ84V 5962F9096505QTC Designer 3.1.1 or later Note: Actel recommends that you use version 3.1.1 or later for all devices.
Page 13: Workstation Requirements
Introduction The following is the minimum requirements for programming RadHard Requirements and RadTolerant devices on a PC: ® • Intel 486 (or compatible) microprocessor • 16 MB RAM ® • Windows 3.1x, Windows 95, or Windows NT™ 3.51 or later •...
Page 14: Document Organization
Appendix A - Troubleshooting describes some common hardware and software problems and solutions to those problems. Appendix B - Testing and Programming Actel FPGAs discusses testing and programming methodologies for Actel FPGAs. Appendix C - Silicon Signature Decode explains information that is contained in a Silicon Signature.
Page 15: Document Assumptions
Introduction Document Assumptions The information in this manual is based on the following assumptions: 1. You are familiar with PCs and Windows operating environments. 2. You are familiar with UNIX workstations and UNIX operating systems. 3. You are familiar with FPGA architecture and FPGA design software. Document Conventions The following conventions are used throughout this manual.
Page 16: On-Line Documentation
® To view the Designer on-line documentation, you must have Adobe ® Acrobat Reader software installed. Actel provides Acrobat Reader on the CD-ROM. On-Line Help The Designer software comes with on-line help. To view all of the help systems in the Designer Series software, double click the on-line help icon in the Designer Series program group.
Page 18: Hardware Description
Device Handling RadHard and RadTolerant devices are CMOS devices and require proper grounding and ESD handling procedures. Although all Actel parts have static discharge protection built in, you should always follow ESD handling procedures when handling RadHard and RadTolerant devices.
Page 19: Activator 2 And 2S Rear Panels
Activator 2 and 2s Rear Panels Actel offers two programming units, the Activator 2 and the Activator 2s. The Activator 2 is a four-device programmer with interchangeable modules that supports all of Actel’s device packages. The Activator 2s is a single socket version of the Activator 2.
Page 20: Activator 2S Rear Panel Connectors
Adapter Module The Adapter Module is plugged into the Activator and used to program Actel devices. The Activator 2s can accept one Adapter Module. The Activator 2 can accept four. Refer to “Adapter Modules” on page 4 for additional information about Adapter Modules.
Page 21: Adapter Modules
Adapter Modules The Activator 2 has four sockets for Adapter Modules and can program up to four Actel devices simultaneously. The Activator 2s has one socket for a single Adapter Module. Each RadHard or RadTolerant device has an Adapter Module designed speciﬁcally for that device.
Page 22: Pc Adaptec Ava-1505 At-To-Scsi Host Adapter
PC Adaptec AVA-1505 AT-to-SCSI Host Adapter PC Adaptec AVA-1505 AT-to-SCSI Host Adapter The 1505 card, included with the Activator, interfaces with the Activator 2 or 2s. The 1505 card, shown in Figure 1-3, has an external 25-pin DB25 edge connector. WARNING: Do not confuse the external 25-pin DB25 edge connector with a parallel port connector.
Page 24: Hardware Installation On A Pc
1505 card on a PC. If your PC already contains an Adaptec SCSI host adapter card, you can use it instead of installing the 1505 card provided by Actel. Go to “Connecting an Adaptec SCSI Card to the Activator” on page 20 for conﬁguration information.
Page 25: Installation Steps
Chapter 2: Hardware Installation on a PC Installation Regardless of which Windows operating environment you are working Steps under (3.1x, 95 or NT), you must perform the following steps to successfully install the 1505 card into a PC: 1. Select a unique IRQ and a unique I/O address for the 1505 card. 2.
Page 26 Installing the 1505 Card Under Windows 3.1x To select the IRQ and I/O address for the 1505 card: 1. Determine what IRQs and I/O addresses are in use by installed add-in card(s). Remove the cover from the PC to see what add-in cards are present.
Page 27 Note: The Adaptec AVA-1505 AT-to-SCSI Host Adapter Installation Guide refers to a software diskette, which is not included in the Actel package. Instead, the required software driver is copied onto the hard drive during the Designer Series software installation. To conﬁgure the software driver using default settings: 1.
Page 28: Installing The 1505 Card Under Windows 95
Installing the 1505 Card Under Windows 95 2. Re-boot your PC. If the driver is installed correctly, the following message is displayed during re-boot: ASPI2DOS.SYS Installation Successful Conﬁgure the If an Activator is sharing a 1505 card with other SCSI devices, the Termination devices must be terminated properly.
Page 29 Chapter 2: Hardware Installation on a PC 2. Determine what IRQs and I/O addresses are in use by installed add-in card(s). Double-click the Computer icon. The Computer Properties window is displayed. Choose the Interrupt request (IRQ) radio button to view the IRQs already in use. Choose the Input/output (I/O) radio button to view the I/O addresses already in use.
Page 30 (see “Conﬁgure the Software Driver” in the following section). Conﬁgure the Actel uses the driver installed by Windows 95 when you add the 1505 Software Driver card using the Add New Hardware wizard. If the settings on your 1505 card match the setting assigned to the card by the wizard, you do not need to conﬁgure the software driver.
Page 31 Chapter 2: Hardware Installation on a PC 1. Open the Device Manager window. Double-click the System icon located in the Control Panel program group. The System Properties window is displayed. Click the Device Manager tab to display the Device Manager window. 2.
Page 32: Installing The 1505 Card Under Windows Nt
Installing the 1505 Card Under Windows NT Conﬁgure the If an Activator is sharing a 1505 card with other SCSI devices, the Termination devices must be terminated properly. Refer to the “Terminating the Resistors SCSI Bus Cable” section in the Adaptec AVA-1505 AT-to-SCSI Host Adapter Installation Guide for information about terminating SCSI devices.
Page 33 Chapter 2: Hardware Installation on a PC 3. Set the IRQ and I/O address for the 1505 card. The default interrupt number is IRQ11, but can be set from IRQ9 to IRQ12. The default I/O address is 340h-35Fh, but can be set to 140h-15Fh. Refer to the “Jumper Block Settings”...
Page 34 Windows NT. The ﬁrst driver is provided by Microsoft. Driver The second driver is provided by Actel. Go to “Install the Software Driver” on page 18 for installation instructions for the Actel driver. To install the Windows NT driver: NT 3.51...
Page 35: Install The Software Driver
Install the In addition to the Windows NT driver, you must install the Adaptec Software Driver ASPI driver provided by Actel. To install the Adaptec ASPI driver: Insert the Designer Series CD-ROM into the drive and execute the following program on the CD-ROM: \ASPI_NT\ASPIINST.EXE...
Page 36 Installing the 1505 Card Under Windows NT To verify that the software driver is conﬁgured properly: NT 3.51 Double-click the Devices icon located in the Control Panel program group. Look for the “Aspi32” driver. Its status should be “Started.” NT 4.0 Double-click the Devices icon located in the Control Panel program group.
Page 37: Connecting An Adaptec Scsi Card To The Activator
Activator to an available SCSI ID, and invoke the APSW programming software with the parameters described below. These examples assume that you installed the Actel software in the “c:\actel directory” and you want to use SCSI ID number 4. Windows 3.1x Click the Windows Programming icon in the Designer Series program or NT 3.51...
Page 38: Installing The Activator
Installing the Activator Installing the Activator The following procedure describes how to install an Activator 2 or 2s on a PC: 1. Turn off the PC. 2. Verify that the Activator power switch is OFF. See Figure 1-1 on page 2 or Figure 1-2 on page 3 for the location of the power switches.
Page 39 Chapter 2: Hardware Installation on a PC 5. Connect power to the Activator. Activator 2 Insert the power cord into the power connector located on the rear panel and plug the other end into an AC power outlet. Activator 2s Insert the 8-pin DIN connector from the power supply into the DIN power jack located on the rear panel.
Page 40 Hardware the device driver line in the conﬁg.sys ﬁle. For example: Installation device=c:\actel\adm\aspi2dos.sys /z /d (Windows 3.1x) Re-boot your PC and watch for the following messages to appear on the screen. Your screen values may be different than the ones shown.
Page 41: Installing And Removing An Adapter Module
Chapter 2: Hardware Installation on a PC Installing and Removing an Adapter Module The following procedure describes how to install an Adapter Module into and remove an Adapter Module from an Activator. To install and Adapter Module: 1. Position the two metal guides on the Adapter Module into the corresponding slots on the Activator.
Page 42: Hardware Installation On A Workstation
Hardware Installation on a Workstation This chapter describes how to install an Activator on a workstation running SunOS or a workstation running HP-UX or Solaris. There are two steps to installing an Activator on a workstation; installing the Activator and creating a symbolic link. Installing an Activator on a SunOS Workstation The following procedure describes how to install an Activator 2 or 2s on a SunOS workstation:...
Page 43: Activator 2 And 2S Workstation Connections
Chapter 3: Hardware Installation on a Workstation Activator 2s Programming Unit Activator 2 Programming Unit Connect to SCSI port via Connect to SCSI port via 50- to 25-pin SCSI cable 50- to 50-pin SCSI cable Figure 3-1. Activator 2 and 2s Workstation Connections 5.
Page 44: Installing An Activator On A Hp-Ux Or Solaris Workstation
Figure 1-1 on page 2 or Figure 1-2 on page 3. The switch is set to position 5 by default, but it must be set to another position. Actel recommends setting it to position 3 or 4. The switch settings correspond to device ﬁles, which may require a...
Page 45 Chapter 3: Hardware Installation on a Workstation 4. Connect the Activator to the workstation using the supplied SCSI cable. Connect one end of the cable to a SCSI connector on the Activator rear panel and tighten the locking screws. Connect the other end of the cable to the SCSI connector of the workstation and tighten the locking screws or make sure the micro-miniature SCSI connector has snapped into place.
Page 46: Installing And Removing An Adapter Module
Installing and Removing an Adapter Module Creating a Link 1. Log in as ROOT. to the Activator 2. Create a symbolic link to the Activator. Type the following command at the prompt: ln -s <device_file> /dev/activator2 For example, if you have set the SCSI rotary switch to position 3, verify the device ﬁle “/dev/rmt/3mn”...
Page 48: Programming Radhard/Radtolerant Devices
Refer to “Testing an Activator” on page 61 for detailed information about testing your Activator. Program a Before you program your device, Actel recommends that you program Commercially a commercially equivalent device to ensure the proper setup of the Equivalent Part hardware and software.
Page 49: Differences Between Apsw And Aps2
Differences Between APSW and APS2 The Designer Series software includes two separate applications that can be used to program Actel devices using an Activator, APSW (called “Windows Programming” on a PC) and APS2. Both APSW and APS2 offer the same programming options. However, the user interface and system requirements are different for each application.
Page 50: Apsw Description
APSW Description APSW Description This section describes the APSW interface including information about using the interface to program RadHard and RadTolerant devices. Figure 4-1 shows the main window for APSW. Figure 4-1. APSW Main Window Activate The Activate button or menu command is used to program a device. Refer to “Programming a Device”...
Page 51 Chapter 4: Programming RadHard/RadTolerant Devices Blankcheck The Blankcheck button or menu command executes a test to determine if a device has already been programmed. Blankcheck displays a report for each Activator socket that has an adapter module plugged into it (the Activator 2S only has one socket). Blankcheck is performed automatically before the chip is programmed whenever the Activate command is used.
Page 52 ActionProbe or Silicon Explorer diagnostic tool. The ActionProbe and Silicon Explorer tools allow you to probe the internal signals of the device while it operates in your system. Contact your local sales representative or Actel for information about purchasing and using the ActionProbe and Silicon Explorer tools. Note:...
Page 53: Programming A Device With Apsw
To program devices with APSW, you must have an Actel programming Device Files ﬁle. APSW can read the following programming ﬁle types: • Actel database ﬁle (.adb) for a design that has a completed layout • Actel programming ﬁle (.afm) exported from Designer using the Fuse command •...
Page 54: Programming Checklist
Module. Although RadTolerant devices are not packaged in individual Case carrying cases, you should follow ESD procedures when handling any Actel device. IMPORTANT: You should always wear a grounded wrist strap at an ESD workstation when handling a RadHard or RadTolerant device. A calibrated ionizer should be on and functioning properly at the workstation.
Page 55: Programming A Device
Due to the unique, high-density architecture of Actel devices, you can verify the programmed state of all antifuses only during programming, not after. The following procedure describes how to program a device.
Page 56: Activate Options For Rh1020 And A1020B Devices
Programming a Device with APSW IMPORTANT: The Program or Security fuse must be the last fuse programmed. Figure 4-2. Activate Options for Figure 4-3. Activate Options for RH1020 and A1020B Devices RH1280, A1280A, A1460A, and A14100A Devices An Output Window is displayed on the screen and the programming sequence begins.
Page 57: Aps2 Description
Chapter 4: Programming RadHard/RadTolerant Devices APS2 Description This section describes the APS2 interface, including information about using the software to program RadHard and RadTolerant devices. Figure 4-4 shows the main window for APS2. Figure 4-4. APS2 Main Window Executing On a PC, the mouse may not be active within the APS2 application. To Commands execute commands from the APS2, use the arrow keys on your keyboard to move the cursor to different menu options.
Page 58 APS2 Description The result of executing blank check is either “blank” or “not blank” followed by the Silicon Signature, Checksum, and Security Fuse status read from the device. Only blank devices of the correct type (according to the design parameters) result in a blank status. A Security Fuse status of 0 indicates that the security fuse has not been programmed;...
Page 59: Browse Menu
Chapter 4: Programming RadHard/RadTolerant Devices Debug The Debug menu command initializes the Debugger test environment and opens the APS2 Debugger window. Debug allows you to test a programmed device before you place it in your system circuit. With Debug, you can probe the chips internal nodes by applying stimulus through the Activator hardware.
Page 60: Programming A Device With Aps2
RadHard or RadTolerant device with APS2. Supported To program devices with APS2, you must generate an Actel Device Files programming ﬁle (.afm) exported from Designer using the Fuse command. Refer to the Designer Series documentation for information about how to use the Fuse command to generate an .afm ﬁle.
Page 61 Chapter 4: Programming RadHard/RadTolerant Devices Removing a Use the following ESD procedure to remove an Actel RadHard device Device from from the insulative individual carrying case before placing it in an the Carrying Adapter Module. Although RadTolerant devices are not packaged in...
Page 62: Aps2 Activate Screen For Rh1020 And A1020B Devices
Programming a Device with APS2 1. Invoke APS2 DOS or Workstation Type the following command at the prompt: aps2 <design_name> The APS2 window is displayed (see Figure 4-4 on page 40). Windows Double-click the Activator 2 icon in the Designer Series program group.
Page 63: Programming Security Fuses
119 for information about AVI ﬁles. Programming Security Fuses You can program Security fuses on an Actel RadHard or RadTolerant device that has had its Array fuses previously programmed. The ability to program Security fuses after programming Array fuses is designed to allow you to debug your device design with the Debugger, ActionProbe, or Silicon Explorer diagnostic tool.
Page 64 Programming Security Fuses Table 4-1. RH1020, A1020B Security Fuse Conﬁgurations Mode Program Probe PRA, PRB SDI, DCLK user-deﬁned user-deﬁned I/O input user-deﬁned user-deﬁned I/O input user-deﬁned user-deﬁned I/O user-deﬁned user-deﬁned I/O Probe Circuit high Probe Circuit outputs inputs Probe Circuit high Probe Circuit disabled disabled...
Page 65 Logic Modules. This could interfere with the expected function of the design while probing. Actel recommends that you use an input latch on PRA and PRB to prevent the feedback during probing.
Page 66 Logic Modules. This could interfere with the expected function of the design while probing. Actel recommends that you use an input latch on SDI and DCLK to prevent the external Probe Circuit control signals from effecting the functionality of your design during probing.
Page 67 Logic Modules. This could interfere with the expected function of the design while probing. Actel recommends that you use an input latch on PRA and PRB to prevent the feedback during probing. An input latch is an...
Page 68 Logic Modules. This could interfere with the expected function of the design while probing. Actel recommends that you use an input latch on SDI and DCLK to prevent the external Probe Circuit control signals from effecting the functionality of your design during probing.
Page 70: Post-Programming Recommendations
125ºC test. The dynamic burn-in stresses the device by shifting in test commands which toggle the routing tracks and all input and output tracks. Refer to “Burn-In of Actel FPGAs” on page 110 for a detailed description of both the static and dynamic burn-in procedures.
Page 71: Test
Actel recommends that you perform a functional test on a programmed device before placing the device in a system. However, Actel does not provide test services or programs to customers for programmed devices. You must develop a test methodology or contract a third party test facility to test programmed devices.
Page 72 Packaging, Sockets, Trim, and Form Manufacturer Actel Part Number DSCC Part Number Part Number Yamaichi RH1280-CQ172V 5962F9215603QYC IC51-1964-1952 Wells RH1020-CQ84V 5962F9096505QTC 619-1000611-001 Wells A1020B-CQ84B 5962-9096503MTC 619-1000611-001 Yamaichi A1280A-CQ172B 5962-9215601MYC IC51-1964-1952 Yamaichi A1460A-CQ196B 5962-9550801MYC IC51-1964-1952 Enplas A14100A-CQ256B 5962-9552101MYC FPQ-256-(352)-.5-01...
Page 74: Device Programming Failures
Programming Failure Guidelines Programming failures are a normal and expected result of antifuse- based FPGA design. Actel performs extensive testing to measure the characteristics of the antifuses, and programs a sample of devices from every lot to ensure high programming results. However, Actel cannot guarantee that all devices will program successfully, and you should expect some programming failures.
Page 75 RadTolerant device fails to program, but the commercially equivalent device has passed, proceed with programming additional RadTolerant devices. If programming failures exceed the guidelines listed in the following table, contact your local sales representative or the Actel Customer Application Center at 1-800-262-1060. Sample Size...
Page 76: Fuse Failures
If the pins are not bent and the other parts continue to fail with the “FAILED Programming Fuse” error, then the V pin of the socket could be damaged. Contact Actel’s Customer Applications Group. Check 6 Failure Once the antifuse has been programmed, the Activator addresses the...
Page 77: Error Messages
Incorrectly programmed fuses, like the Check 7 and 8 failures above, are reported in the following format: Integrity test <test type>. <test number> This message indicates that the device is a programming reject. Actel will replace devices that fail programming. Fuse Current...
Page 78: Activator Programming Failures
4. The ActionProbe is fully functional (if an ActionProbe is used). There are no adjustable parameters on the Activator. If any test fails, the Activator should be sent back to Actel for repair or replacement, after obtaining a return authorization number. Refer to “Returning Failed Devices”...
Page 79: Test Setup
Chapter 6: Device Programming Failures To test an Activator: 1. Setup your Oscilloscope. Set your Oscilloscope to the following settings: • Vertical scale to 2V/div; Horizontal time base to 20µs/Div. • Connect the positive scope probe to the Digital Volt Meter (DVM)+V and negative scope probe (ground) to DVM ground, using BNC to Banana cables (see Figure 6-1).
Page 80 Testing an Activator The following Main menu is displayed: Activator (tm) 2 Programming System, Release 3.1 Copyright (C) 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995,1996 Actel Corp. Activator2 Diagnostics Firmware Revision V1.02 1. Analog Board Test 2. Current Sense Test 3.
Page 81 Chapter 6: Device Programming Failures Analog Board This test checks power supply voltage levels and slew rates. Test To run the Analog Board Test: 1. Enter Option 1 at the Main Menu. The following screen is displayed: Enter option => 1 Loading firmware .
Page 82 Testing an Activator 2. Enter Option 2 at the Main Menu. The following screen is displayed: Enter option => 2 Choose either “P” or “C” depending on where the 637-ohm resistor is inserted (Pin 32 (VPP) or pin 26 (VCC). Supply (V[pp], V[cc]) =>...
Page 83 Chapter 6: Device Programming Failures 4. Repeat steps 1-3 for each of the four slots (Activator 2 only). 5. Press Enter to return to the Main Menu. Adapter This test checks Adapter Modules for shorts on the driver pins. Module Test To run the Adapter Module Test: 1.
Page 84 Testing an Activator The following screen is displayed: Adapter Pins (196, 132, 175, 144, 160, 100, 68, 44, 208, 207, 176, 257, 133, 172, 80, 84) => 84 Package (lcc, qfp, pga) => lcc Die (1020a, 1415a-1, 1225a, 1020, 1240a, 1415a, 1425a, 1425-1, 1225, 1020b, 1425, 1425a, 1425a-2, 10m20, 1240, 1280a, 1415a-2, 1425a-1, =>...
Page 85 Chapter 6: Device Programming Failures Action Probe This test veriﬁes that the ActionProbe Adapter is fully functional. Test (Activator 2 1. Enter option 5 in the Main Menu. The following screen is Only) displayed: Activator2 Diagnostics Firmware Revision V1.02 1. Analog Board Test 2.
Page 86: Returning Failed Devices
RadTolerant devices, return parts for replacement by requesting an RMA number through Actel’s sales representatives, distributors, or customer service. 2. For fallout greater than that speciﬁed above, call the Actel Customer Applications Center with information concerning any problems observed. If needed, a failure analysis can be performed.
Page 88: Debugging A Device With An Activator
Debugging a Device with an Activator This chapter describes how to use the Debugger tool in APSW or APS2 and an Activator to functionally debug your programmed RadHard or RadTolerant device. This includes descriptions of available debugging commands and command ﬁle usage and examples. Functional Debugging With an Activator Functional debugging of a RadHard or RadTolerant device with the Debugger tool in the APSW or APS2 software is done with a device...
Page 89: Running Debugger From Apsw
Chapter 7: Debugging a Device with an Activator Running Debugger From APSW The Debugger tool is run from within APSW. Use the following procedure to initialize Debugger and debug your device. 1. Invoke APSW. Workstation Type the following command at the prompt: apsw Double click the “Windows Programming”...
Page 90: Running Debugger From Aps2
The Debugger tool is run from within APS2. Before using Debugger, you must export the debugging ﬁles from the Actel Designer software because APS2 cannot read a “.adb” ﬁles directly. Actel provides a script that allows you to export the debugging ﬁles. Use the following procedures to export the debugging ﬁles from Designer and to...
Page 91 Note: If no target directory is speciﬁed, the ﬁles are written to the “actel\adm\sample” directory. 5. Execute the script. Click OK to execute the script. The ﬁles <design_name>.afm, .adl, .cob, .aﬂ, .pin, and .loc ﬁles are created in the target directory.
Page 92: Aps2 Debugger Window
Running Debugger from APS2 4. Debug your device. Execute the Debug menu command. The APS2 Debugger window is displayed. The “Debugger initialization complete” message is displayed when the Debugger is ﬁnished loading. Execute menu commands, command-line commands, or load a command ﬁle by choosing the LoadFile command from the File menu.
Page 93: Aps2 Debugger Menu Commands
Chapter 7: Debugging a Device with an Activator APS2 Debugger Menu Commands This section describes the available menu commands for the APS2 Debugger application. The command-line equivalents to these menu commands are outlined in Table 7-2 on page 81. Socket Use the Socket menu commands to specify which socket your Adapter Module and RadHard or RadTolerant device is plugged into for debugging.
Page 94: Assign Value Dialog Box
APS2 Debugger Menu Commands Table 7-1. Signal or Vector Values Decimal Binary Hexadecimal Octal 0b1111 0o17 To assign a value: 1. Choose the Assign command from the Stimulus menu. The Assign Value dialog box is displayed Figure 7-3. Assign Value Dialog Box 2.
Page 95 Chapter 7: Debugging a Device with an Activator Output The Output menu commands specify what output results are printed and where the outputs are printed. There are four commands available from the Output menu. Print X. Use the Print X command to print signal values to the screen. Fprint X.
Page 96 APS2 Debugger Menu Commands Fprint Use the Fprint menu command to print all signals or vectors speciﬁed with the TabList command to the output ﬁle speciﬁed with the OutFile command. Repeat The Repeat menu commands specify the number of cycles to debug or repeat a command sequence.
Page 97: Debugger Command-Line Commands
Chapter 7: Debugging a Device with an Activator The ICP menu commands specify which port you have plugged the ActionProbe into on your Activator. Use this command only if you have purchased an ActionProbe diagnostic tool. Contact your local sales representative for information about the ActionProbe diagnostic tool.
Page 98 Debugger Command-Line Commands Table 7-2. Command-Line Commands and Functions APS2 Menu Command-Line Command Syntax and Command Function Equivalent (assign <n> <vector_1> ... <vector_n>) Assigns the value <n> to each electrical node, or vec- tor of nodes, the next time you execute the Step command.
Page 99 Chapter 7: Debugging a Device with an Activator Table 7-2. Command-Line Commands and Functions (Continued) APS2 Menu Command-Line Command Syntax and Command Function Equivalent (fassign <vector_1> ... <vector_n>) Reads the value <n> from the input ﬁle deﬁned by the Inﬁle command. Assigns the value <n> to each Stimulus/Fassign electrical vector the next time you use the Step command.
Page 100 Debugger Command-Line Commands Table 7-2. Command-Line Commands and Functions (Continued) APS2 Menu Command-Line Command Syntax and Command Function Equivalent (infile <PATH/infile_name>) File/Inﬁle Opens an input ﬁle used with the Fassign command. (l <vector_1> ... <vector_n>) Assigns the value logical 0 to each electrical node or Stimulus/Low vector of nodes the next time you use the Step command.
Page 101 Chapter 7: Debugging a Device with an Activator Table 7-2. Command-Line Commands and Functions (Continued) APS2 Menu Command-Line Command Syntax and Command Function Equivalent (tabadd <vector_1> ... <vector_n>) Adds the named nodes or vectors to the list of nodes Output/TabAdd printed with the Print command.
Page 102: Using Command Files To Debug A Device
Using Command Files to Debug a Device Using Command Files to Debug a Device This section provides example command ﬁles to illustrate the use of command ﬁles for debugging a device. A command ﬁle contains a series of Debugger command-line commands that when loaded into Debugger are automatically executed.
Page 103 Chapter 7: Debugging a Device with an Activator The ﬁrst “vector” command deﬁnes eight parallel load input bits as vector P. The second vector command deﬁnes counter outputs as vector Q. The “tabadd” command causes the signals PE, CEP, CET, UD, P, CLK, Q, and TC to be displayed or printed when the “print”...
Page 104 Using Command Files to Debug a Device Example Comparison File The following comparison ﬁle (compﬁle) was used in this example. 00010001 10010001 01010001 01111111 10111111 00111111 11011111 01011111 10011111 00011111 11101111 01101111 10101111 Example Output File The following output ﬁle (outﬁle) was created as a result of the command ﬁle used in this example.
Page 105 Chapter 7: Debugging a Device with an Activator Step 000023: 00000000 01010001 000028: 11111111 01111111 000030: 11111111 10111111 000032: 11111111 00111111 000034: 11111111 11011111 000036: 11111111 01011111 000038: 11111111 10011111 000040: 11111111 00011111 000042: 11111111 11101111 000044: 11111111 01101111 000046: 11111111 10101111 Command File...
Page 106 Using Command Files to Debug a Device The “deﬁne” commands create the “clock” and “clear” macros. The “vector” command is used to deﬁne the “inputs” and “outputs” vectors. The “emit” command writes text out to the screen. The “h” and “l” commands are used to set particular signals to logic 1 (h) or logic 0 (l).
Page 108: Troubleshooting
This appendix describes some common problems you may encounter with the Activator, Adaptec 1505 SCSI card, or APSW or APS2 software and their solutions. If you are still unable to resolve your problems after reading this Appendix contact Actel’s Customer Applications Center. Driver Does Not Load under Windows...
Page 109: Hardware Conflicts
Green Power Problem: The green power light is blinking after the power is turned Light is Blinking Solution: A self test has failed. Contact Actel for a replacement Activator. Activator Problem: The following error message appears: Communication Link Down ERROR: Activator communication link down.
Page 110: Firmware Load
Adapter Module Firmware Load Problem: The following error message appears: Failed Firmware load failed. WARNING: Could not connect with Activa- tor. Solution: No contact with the programmer is found. Check that you have turned on the Activator, that the SCSI cable is correctly installed, and the SCSI cable connection to the workstation is secure.
Page 111: Fuse
Problem: The following error message appears: FAILED—fuse XXX integrity test 6, 7, or 8 Solution: This message often indicates that the device is bad. If you observe a programming failure rate in excess of 5%, contact the Actel Customer Application Center at 1-800-262-1060. Programming...
Page 112: Scsi Controller
SCSI Controller SCSI Controller Problem: SCSI Controller not found. Solution: The SCSI controller board has not been installed in the PC, or there is an I/O address conﬂict. Also, verify that the device driver(s) are installed correctly. Refer to the Hardware Installation chapter speciﬁc to your computer for information about conﬁguring drivers.
Page 114: B Testing And Programming Actel Fpgas
Testing and Programming Actel FPGAs This appendix explains the testing and burn-in that Actel devices undergo before shipment to customers, as well as a study of the programming process. This systematic and thorough testing, burn-in, and control of the programming process ensures that customers no not need to perform additional testing or burn-in of Actel devices.
Page 115: Actel Radhard And Radtolerant Fpga Products
10,000 gate devices based on the ACT 3 architecture. Architecture The basic building block of all Actel FPGAs is the logic module. Each logic module is programmable and capable of implementing all two- input logic functions, most three-input functions, and many other functions up to eight inputs.
Page 116 Architecture Module 4. In a similar manner, the output of Module 3 is connected to the input of Module 2. Notice that not all horizontal tracks are continuous across the chip. Often, tracks are broken into a series of smaller tracks called segments. Segments are useful because it is often desirable to connect logic modules that are close to each other, and a full horizontal track would waste routing resources and slow down circuit performance.
Page 117 Vertical antifuses are used to connect two vertical segments (not shown). A more detailed example of the Actel FPGA architecture is shown in Figure B-3 on page 101. Six logic modules (two rows, three columns) are shown.
Page 118: Programming
Programming Logic conﬁguration of modules is interesting because there are no dedicated antifuses in the module to accomplish this. Instead, the inputs (and outputs) of logic modules extend into the cross-antifuse array. Each logic module has eight to ten inputs and one output. By programming appropriate antifuses, an input can be connected to a dedicated horizontal ground line, a V line, or a horizontal routing...
Page 119 Appendix B: Testing and Programming Actel FPGAs An antifuse is programmed by applying a sufﬁciently high voltage across it. This voltage is referred to as V . To access an antifuse deep inside the chip, it is necessary to create electrical paths from V ground to the antifuse.
Page 120 Programming other cross-antifuses on the vertical segment could be accidentally programmed. Vertical Control Vertical Track Segment Cross Antifuse Vertical Antifuse to Pass be programmed Translator Logic Module Horizontal Track Segment Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Control Pass Translator Antifuse Figure B-4. Programmable Interconnect The same logic applies to other antifuses on the same horizontal track.
Page 121: Programmable Interconnect
Appendix B: Testing and Programming Actel FPGAs cycle. During the precharge cycle, all horizontal and vertical tracks are charged to V Vertical Control Vertical Track Segment Cross Antifuse Vertical Antifuse to Pass be programmed Translator Logic Module Horizontal Track Segment...
Page 122: Programming Algorithm
Programming Algorithm Programming Algorithm In concept, Actel FPGAs are programmed in a manner very similar to many other programmable logic devices, and similar to memories such as EPROMs. The programming algorithm consists of the following steps: 1. An addressing sequence to select the antifuse to be programmed 2.
Page 123: Vpp Waveform
Appendix B: Testing and Programming Actel FPGAs or a maximum number of pulses is exceeded (in which case the antifuse is considered unprogrammable and the device is rejected). Table B-1. V Waveform RH1020 Programming Current Parameters Algorithm V Program 21 V V Precharge 12.35 V...
Page 124: Test Modes Of Actel Fpgas
Figure B-6. V Waveform Test Modes of Actel FPGAs The unique architecture of Actel FPGAs allows outstanding testability of unprogrammed devices at the factory. Details of the various test modes are as follows: • The shift register circling the periphery of the chip can be both downloaded and uploaded.
Page 125 • Actel FPGAs have one or two dedicated columns on the chip that are transparent to the user and used by the factory for speed selection. These columns are referred to as the Binning Circuit. Modules in the columns are connected to each other by programming antifuses.
Page 126 The other words contain antifuses and are programmable. Actel is currently using bits in these words to store information such as the chip’s run number and wafer number. Thus, each Actel FPGA has traceability down to the wafer level.
Page 127: Burn-In Of Actel Fpgas
Actel provides device reliability information in the “Actel Device Reliability Report” available on the Actel Web site at www.actel.com or by contacting your local sales representative. Burn-In of Actel FPGAs...
Page 128 FPGA is essentially the same as a mask-programmed ASIC, and it would require similar custom burn-in circuits to do a dynamic burn-in. However, Actel has been able to use the testability features of its FPGA products to allow effective dynamic burn-in of unprogrammed devices.
Page 129: Conclusion
However, this is done on the programmer while the units are being programmed. Being able to test all internal gates allows Actel to achieve functional yields superior to other one-time programmable devices and...
Page 130: C Silicon Signature Decode
Silicon Signature of a device. Silicon Signature Components Information contained in the Silicon Signature enables Actel to provide traceability to wafer lot number in the event a Failure Analysis is required. The following information is contained in the Silicon Signature: •...
Page 131: Rh1020 And A1020B Silicon Signature Example
Wafer Lot # Silicon The following describes the information in each word above. Signature Word 0: Bits 0-7 contain characters to signify the device is an Actel Decode design. Bits 8-15 contain hard-coded Actel bits, designating die type and die revision.
Page 132: Rh1280 Silicon Signature Example
Word 0: Contains hard-coded Actel bits, designating die type and die Decode revision. Word 1: Contains characters to signify the device is an Actel design. Word 2: Bits 1-20 contain customer deﬁned Silicon Signature. Bits 21- 23 contain programming voltage (esbin). Bits 24-26 contain the V voltage.
Page 133: A1280A Silicon Signature Example
Wafer Lot # Silicon The following describes the information in each word above. Signature Word 1: Contains hard-coded Actel bits, designating die type and die Decode revision. Word 2: Bits 1-20 contain customer deﬁned Silicon Signature. Word 3: Bit 0 contains the Program fuse status (P). Bits 1-16 contain the checksum bits.
Page 134: A1460A And A14100A Silicon Signature Example
Word 1: Bit 0 contains the Security fuse status (S). Bits 1-20 contain customer deﬁned Silicon Signature. Word 2: Bits 1-16 contain the checksum bits. Word 3: Contains hard-coded Actel bits, designating die type and die revision. Word 4: Bits 1-17 contain the wafer lot number. Bits 18-20 contain the fab number.
Page 136: D Avi File Description
AVI File Description The AVI ﬁle is a log ﬁle generated while an Actel FPGA is programmed. The ﬁle contains information about the number of V pulses applied to each fuse to program the fuse and the programming current sensed through each fuse. If a programming failure occurs, the AVI ﬁle contains information about the programming failure mode.
Page 137 Appendix D: AVI File Description The ﬁrst thirteen lines of the ﬁle shown above contain header information. This information is obtained from both the programming ﬁle (.afm or .fus) and the unit being programmed. Each line of the AVI ﬁle header is preceded by a semi-colon. The header contains the following information: •...
Page 138: E Product Support
Customer Service, and a Customer Applications Center. Actel U.S. Toll-Free Line Use the Actel toll-free line to contact Actel for sales information, technical support, requests for literature about Actel and Actel products, Customer Service, investor information, and using the Action Facts service.
Page 139: Customer Applications Center
You are welcome to share the resources we have provided on the net. Be sure to visit the “Actel User Area” on our Web site, which contains information regarding: products, technical services, Designer’s Digest, current manuals, and release notes.
Page 140: Activator Web Site
For the most up-to-date Activator installation information, visit the Activator Web site at http://www.actel.com/pub/activator. FTP Site Actel has an anonymous FTP site located at ftp://ftp.actel.com. You can directly obtain library updates, software patches, design ﬁles, and data sheets. Electronic Mail You can communicate your technical questions to our e-mail address and receive answers back by e-mail, fax, or phone.
Page 142: Index
IRQ Default Setting 5 Adapter Adaptec SCSI Card 20 Adapter Module 3, 4 Installing 24, 29 Removing 24, 29 Actel FTP Site 123 Troubleshooting 93 Actel Web Site 122 ADB File 36 Action Facts 122 Add New Hardware Wizard, Windows 95 13...
Page 143 Blankcheck Command 34 I/O Address 7 BlankChk Command 40 IRQ 7 Browse Command 42, 80 Connecting an Adaptec SCSI Card 20 Burn-In 53, 110 Contacting Actel Customer Service 121 AT 7 Electronic Mail 123 ISA 7 Technical Support 122 PCI 7...
Page 144 Index Debugging 71–89 DEF File 36 Debug Command 42 Default Debugger Command 35 I/O Address 5 Assign 76, 81 IRQ 5 Browse 80 Define Command 79, 81 Command 79 Design Command 80 Comp 78, 81 Device CompFile 76, 81 Architecture 98 Define 79, 81 Handling Guidelines 1 Design 80...
Page 145 Index Activator on an HP-UX Workstation 27 Adaptec AVA-1505 AT-to-SCSI Adapter 7–19 Failed Device 57 Adapter Module 24, 29 Fassign Command 77, 82 ASPI Driver, Windows NT 18 Fcomp Command 78, 82 Background Information, Adaptec SCSI Card 7 File Command 80 Windows NT Driver 17 Forming Leads of a Device 54 IRQ 7, 13...
Page 146 Toll-Free Line 121 Requirements Web Site 122 Hardware xi Program Fuse 39, 45 Software xi Configurations 46 Programming 101 Actel Devices 97 SCSI Algorithms 105 Port 4 APS2 43 Rotary Switch 3, 21 APSW 36 Troubleshooting 95 Checklist 37, 43...
Page 147 TabList Command 78, 84 NT Software Driver 17, 18 Technical Support 122 Termination Resistors 11, 15, 19 Test Modes 107 Test Port 4 Testing Actel Devices 54, 97 Toll-Free Line 121 Trimming a Device 54 Troubleshooting 91–95 Activator 92 Adapter Module 93...
Page 148 Actel Corporation 955 East Arques Avenue Sunnyvale, CA USA 94086 Actel Europe Ltd. Actel Japan U.S. Toll Free Line 888.99.ACTEL Daneshill House EXOS Ebisu Bldg. 4F Customer Service: 408.739.1010 Lutyens Close 1-24-14 Ebisu Shibuya-ku Customer Service FAX: 408.522.8044 Basingstoke Toyko 150 Japan Action Facts Technical Documents: 800.262.1062...

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