Download
Share
Print this page
  1. Manuals
  2. Brands
  3. TiTLEY Scientific Manuals
  4. Security Sensors
  5. AnaBat SD2
  6. User manual

TiTLEY Scientific AnaBat SD2 User Manual

Compact flash bat detector
Hide thumbs

Advertisement

Quick Links

Download this manual
AnaBat SD2
Compact Flash Bat Detector
Users Manual
Titley Scientific
Manual Version 1.5

Advertisement

loading
Need help?

Need help?

Do you have a question about the AnaBat SD2 and is the answer not in the manual?

Questions and answers

Related Manuals for TiTLEY Scientific AnaBat SD2

Summary of Contents for TiTLEY Scientific AnaBat SD2

  • Page 1 AnaBat SD2 Compact Flash Bat Detector Users Manual Titley Scientific Manual Version 1.5...
  • Page 2 TITLEY CONTACT DETAILS Titley Scientific Head Office Ballina Office PO Box 133 1/905 Stanley Street PO Box 19 Lawnton East Brisbane Ballina QLD 4501 QLD 4169 NSW 2478 Australia Australia Australia Phone +61 (0)7 3881 5577 +61 (0)7 3205 8355 Sales email info@titley-scientific.com...
  • Page 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................... 5 WHAT‟S NEW IN THE LATEST ANABAT MODEL, THE SD2? ........5 DOWNLOADING THE CONTENTS OF THE CD ............6 USB DRIVER INSTALLATION FOR THE SD2 ..............6 SD2 HARDWARE ..................12 FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND INDICATORS ............12 SIDE PANEL CONNECTORS ..................
  • Page 4 PASSIVE MONITORING WITH GML1 REMOTE DOWNLOAD ....... 38 PASSIVE MONITORING FROM A VEHICLE ............39 TIPS FOR PASSIVE MONITORING ................41 ACTIVE MONITORING USING THE SD2 ..........44 ACTIVE MONITORING WITH A PDA ............... 44 ANAPOCKET AND PDA TO SD2 USB DRIVER INSTALLATION ......45 SETUP THE SD2 FOR ACTIVE MONITORING WITH A PDA .........
  • Page 5 INTRODUCTION All bats belonging to the suborder Microchiroptera (micro-bats) use echolocation to navigate and forage in conjunction with their eyesight. Due to differing ecological requirements among species, echolocation calls are often species-specific and also differ in relation to the bats‟ activities such as commuting from A to B, feeding or drinking.
  • Page 6 CF card errors Different errors occurring with the CF card are indicated by the ERROR LED flashing in combination with other LEDs on the front panel of the bat detector. Changes Data Div 4 Data division ratio 4 has been restored Power: Increased Unfortunately, internal power consumption has increased consumption...
  • Page 7 Windows to connect to Windows Update to search for software. Select „No, not this time‟. Click Next. 2. Insert the AnaBat SD2 CD into your CDROM drive. Select ‘Install from a list or specified location (Advanced)’. Click Next.
  • Page 8 4. Windows will now install the USB driver for the AnaBat SD2. If a warning appears telling you the driver has not passed Windows Logo testing click „Continue Anyway‟ to proceed with installation. 5. Click ‘Finish’ to complete the installation process when Windows has completed the driver installation.
  • Page 9 6. The AnaBat SD2 USB driver will now be installed on your computer. Now whenever you connect an SD2 to your computer using the USB port Windows will automatically add a new COM port called „AnaBat SD2 USB VCom Port (COMx)‟ where x is the COM port number assigned to the SD2.
  • Page 10 In the Update Diver Software window select „Browse my computer for driver software‟. 2. Insert the AnaBat SD2 CD into your CDROM drive. Click „Browse‟ and select the USB Driver folder on the CD where the USB Drive is located. Click „Next‟...
  • Page 11 4. Windows will now install the USB driver software on your PC. Now when you connect the SD2 to your PC using the USB port Windows will automatically add a COM Port called „AnaBat SD2 USB VCom Port (COMx)‟, where x is the COM Port number assigned to the SD2.
  • Page 12 SD2 HARDWARE FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND INDICATORS 1. POWER Turns the bat detector on and off 2. RECORD/STANDBY Controls operating modes of the bat detector 3. VOLUME UP & DOWN Adjusts the volume heard through the loudspeaker or headphones 4. LEDS ON/OFF Turns all LED indicator lights on and off except for the „ERROR‟...
  • Page 13 SD2 Front panel controls and indicators...
  • Page 14 SIDE PANEL CONNECTORS 1. HEADPHONES Insert headphone jack to listen to bat calls using headphones rather than the loudspeaker. 2. COMPUTER SERIAL PORT This port is used to connect the bat detector to a PC or PDA when required using the cable supplied by Titley. 3.
  • Page 15 SD2 Side panel connectors SD2 Rear access panel...
  • Page 16 MICROPHONES The microphone attaches directly to the body of the bat detector or can be removed (by pulling it straight off, don‟t twist it) and mounted separately using an extension cable. There are three broad spectrum microphones (frequency range 5 to 200 kHz) which can be used on the bat detector for different applications.
  • Page 17 SD2 POWER REQUIREMENTS The SD2 can be powered internally via 4 x AA batteries OR externally via a +12 Volt battery. The LOW BATTERY LED will light up on the front panel of the bat detector when the battery voltage is low. When it drops below a set voltage the LOW BATTERY LED will flash a few times before the detector switches itself off.
  • Page 18 when it tries to start a new recording session then it will shut down permanently and not try to start up for any subsequent recording sessions. This is done to protect your battery from permanent damage due to over discharge. External battery: SD2 low battery warning at 11V;...
  • Page 19 HF OUTPUT HF output provides a buffered version of the original bat call prior to Frequency Division, allowing you to process and save full-spectrum signals. These signals may be up to 200 kHz. To process the HF output requires an external high-speed soundcard.
  • Page 20 DIGITAL I/O PORT Purpose The SD2 digital I/O port can be used by other equipment to switch an SD2 on. It might be that you have a weather station or some other sensor which you want to use to trigger the SD2 to record after some event has occurred. How to use it You can switch the SD2 on or off via the digital I/O port by connecting the input and common pins of the digital I/O connector.
  • Page 21 SD2 BASIC OPERATION This procedure will put the detector into „Forced Record‟ mode. In this mode any ultrasonic signals detected by the SD2 will be saved automatically, and the detector will operate continuously until the CF card is full, the bat detector is switched off, or power is lost (see „OVERVIEW OF OPERATING MODES‟).
  • Page 22 TESTING THE SYSTEM Whether you are Passive or Active Monitoring, it is highly recommended that you setup and test the system (SD2 and equipment required for your particular sampling requirements). Record some test data BEFORE starting your serious data sampling by testing the system in the lab, office, backyard, or field for a night or two.
  • Page 23 WHICH DATA AND AUDIO DIVISION RATIOS? DATA DIVISION RATIO AnaBat uses Frequency Division to processes ultrasonic bat calls at the Data Division Ratio (4, 8 or 16) selected on the front panel of the bat detector. The Data Division Ratio affects the amount of data which is saved on the CF card, PDA or external computer.
  • Page 24 resulting sonograms will appear coarse. This is because small fluctuations in the frequency divided signal are not averaged out at a division ratio of 4 as they are for division ratios 8 and 16. Since the extra detail increases storage requirements and processing power but does not assist species identification it is superfluous.
  • Page 25 COMPACT FLASH CARDS It is recommended that you format and initialise new CF cards and put them into an SD2 to test their compatibility before heading out into the field. CF cards should not be removed from the bat detector while it is turned on. Always turn off the detector before removing the CF card, except where instructed to do so in this manual.
  • Page 26 1. Insert a formatted CF card into CF card reader/writer. 2. Open the CFCread program 3. Click on ‘Choose Input File’ Select the CF card drive („Removable Disk‟). A „DATA.DAT‟ file will appear by default in the File name. Do not change this file name. Click „Open‟ The drive and file open will be displayed in the top left hand corner of the CFCread program window.
  • Page 27 5. Wait patiently. A message will appear in CFCread when it is ‘Done’. The time taken to initialise the CF card will depend on the size of the card, and it may take quite a while in larger sized cards. The LED will flash on the CF card reader/writer while this process is occurring.
  • Page 28 CHECKING CF CARD COMPATIBILITY It‟s recommended that you check formatted, initialised CF cards in the SD2 for compatibility before attempting to use them. To check CF card compatibility: 1. Insert the formatted, initialised CF card into an SD2 2. Press POWER 3.
  • Page 29 NO CF CARD INSTALLED STATUS and ERROR LEDs lit This means the CF storage system is unavailable. Either no CF card has been inserted, is not inserted correctly or the CF card has not been initialised for use in the bat detector. This is not necessarily a problem as the CF storage system is not needed in some situations.
  • Page 30 SD2 will write a log file onto the next CF card it can boot (as long as you haven't switched it off in the meantime). Please post the log file along with details of the incompatible CF card (i.e. size and type) on the Titley AnaBat support forum www.titleysupport.com.
  • Page 31 Use a file management utility such as My Documents on your PC. Along with the „DATA.DAT‟ and „Firmware.hax‟ files will be a folder named „log‟. 4. Open the log directory to see a list of log files generated by the SD2 5.
  • Page 32 PASSIVE MONITORING USING THE SD2 The bat detector can be set up to automatically monitor and record bat calls in the field without the continued presence of an observer. This is called Passive Monitoring. It can be used to survey multiple sites simultaneously, all night, every night for weeks, months or years with only minimal attention by the observer to maintain adequate power, download data and check the general condition of the equipment.
  • Page 33 Note: when the bat detector enters „Record‟ mode during the monitoring period, the loudspeaker and LEDs will automatically be disabled to save power and reduce the conspicuousness of the unit. HOW TO SET TIME PARAMETERS ON THE CF CARD 1. Insert the CF card into the CF card reader/writer 2.
  • Page 34 5. To set Monitoring Begin and End times check ‘Activate’ Enter the times you wish monitoring to begin and end. 6. Click ‘Erase’ in the CFCread program window Erase will write set times to your CF card. IMPORTANT: The DATA.DAT file will be cleared at the same time so make sure you have downloaded any data first!
  • Page 35 7. Click ‘Quit’ in the program window. Your CF card is now programmed with your chosen time parameters. HOW TO SETUP THE SD2 FOR PASSIVE MONITORING WITH SET TIME PARAMETERS 1. Provide power to the detector Via 4 x AA batteries or external 12V battery 2.
  • Page 36 This will put the detector back into „Standby‟ or „Sleep‟ mode unless the Delayed start and or Monitoring Begin times have lapsed, in which case the detector will begin recording. If using Delayed Start, make sure the RECORD and STANDBY LEDs are lit. If only using Monitoring Begin/End times ensure only the STANDBY LED is lit.
  • Page 37 PASSIVE MONITORING WITH A GPS An external Global Positioning System (GPS) can be connected to the bat detector so that GPS fixes can be saved onto the CF card. Suitable GPS units to use are those which can send standard NMEA sentences at 4800 baud. Only WGS84 datum is supported at present.
  • Page 38 PASSIVE MONITORING WITH GML1 REMOTE DOWNLOAD For long term, fixed passive monitoring installations, GML1 Remote Download can be used to check the detector status and battery life, verify and change settings, and download data remotely through a secure server. This eliminates the need for regular visits to a recording site.
  • Page 39 PASSIVE MONITORING FROM A VEHICLE The bat detector can be set up to automatically monitor and record bat calls passively from a moving vehicle, allowing road-based surveys to be conducted over large distances. Passive Monitoring from a vehicle requires an SD2, GPS (Garmin GPS18x PC), green Hi-mic, and specialised 'Car Mount' (available as a kit from Titley).
  • Page 40 GPS receiver 12 V adapter Serial port cable Garmin GPS18x PC unit To setup the SD2 system for Passive Monitoring from a vehicle: (Refer to car mount and GPS diagrams above as necessary). 1. Attach a green Hi-microphone to car mount if not already attached Grip collar and unscrew counter-clockwise, attach the microphone and screw the collar back on.
  • Page 41 5. Attach the Garmin GPS18x PC GPS receiver to the roof of the vehicle This GPS has a magnetic base 6. Provide power to the GPS by connecting the 12 V adapter to the car’s cigarette lighter 7. Connect the GPS to the SD2’s SERIAL PORT The GPS unit must be set to send NMEA sentences (GPGGA, GPRMC and optionally PGRMM) at 4800 baud.
  • Page 42 This is because battery capacity is also affected by other factors such as temperature, and they may not last as long as expected in the field. For extended monitoring sessions the SD2 should be powered by an external 12 volt battery (assume the battery will last only one day per Amp Hour of capacity before it requires recharging), and for fixed long term monitoring installations it may be worth considering powering the SD2 using a solar array.
  • Page 43 Notes or Verbal Comments Additional observations at time of sampling, such as weather or habitat conditions can be useful when identifying bat calls later on in the office or lab. The audio microphone („MIC.‟ button) on the front panel of the bat detector can be used to record comments onto the CF card.
  • Page 44 Both of these versions are included on the Distribution CD in the AnaPocket directory. The HP IPAQ 212 (IPAQ 21x series) is the PDA recommended by Titley Scientific and is sold as part of the Active Monitoring kit.
  • Page 45 ANAPOCKET AND PDA TO SD2 USB DRIVER INSTALLATION The following steps will show you how to install AnaPocket 3.0c and the USB driver for the PDA, or alternatively, just the USB driver for the PDA if you already have AnaPocket 3.0c or later installed. If you have an earlier version of AnaPocket installed then you will have to delete it before installing the new version.
  • Page 46 3. When asked to choose a location to install the driver, select ‘Device’ then tap ‘Install’ in the bottom left hand corner of the screen. 4. The AnaBat SD2 USB driver is now installed on your PDA. When the following window appears, tap „ok‟ in the top right-hand corner...
  • Page 47 SETUP THE SD2 FOR ACTIVE MONITORING WITH A PDA The following steps will setup the SD2 for Active Monitoring with a PDA: 1. Provide power to the detector (via 4 AA batteries) 2. Remove the CF card from the SD2 (if installed) 3.
  • Page 48 5. Turn on the PDA, check date & time are correct, adjust backlight & power Reducing the brightness of the backlight conserves power and prevents the light from ruining your low light vision. To do this slide the bar under the light bulb symbol to the left on the PDA screen to dim the backlight.
  • Page 49 To change where AnaBat files are saved on the PDA tap Opts  Path and select the BatFiles folder (See the AnaPocket manual supplied on the distribution CD), SD or CF card if you have one inserted into the appropriate slot on the PDA. 8.
  • Page 50 9. To connect to the SD2 in AnaPocket for the very first time... Tap RecChoose Port from the menu at the bottom of the screen This will open a window where you can specify the port AnaPocket will use to communicate with the SD2 or you can let AnaPocket search for the correct port automatically.
  • Page 51 FAQ‟ sections of this manual). Tap Rec  Record, then tap Opt  Rec and tick ‘save on cal’ to choose record mode in AnaPocket. In record mode you manually chose which calls to save by pressing the „SAVE‟ button on the SD2. AnaPocket will then save the last 15 seconds of data in a new AnaBat file.
  • Page 52 If you are Active Monitoring with a PDA, your GPS unit must connect to the PDA instead of the SD2. GPS fixes are stored on the PDA and are embedded in each AnaBat file saved during the sampling session. A Compact Flash GPS (CF GPS) inserted into the CF slot of the PDA is recommended.
  • Page 53 Set baud rate to 4800, check that the time zone is set correctly and choose the GPS port (this will be the same com port revealed in the GPSInfo test). 4. Connect to the CF GPS by tapping GPSConnect in the AnaPocket menu. AnaPocket will now connect to the GPS.
  • Page 54 3D non-differential fixes 2D differential fixes 3D differential fixes If you’re not getting valid fixes close AnaPocket and run the GPSInfo test. You should have installed this on your PDA earlier. This test will let you see if the CF GPS can get valid fixes from multiple satellites in your current location.
  • Page 55 6. You are now ready to begin your Active Monitoring session with the CF GPS Ensure you have adjusted the volume, sensitivity, and AnaPocket settings (Data Div ratio etc) as described in „ACTIVE MONITORING WITH A PDA‟ before entering Record or Monitor modes. Remember to take particular care to ensure the data div setting of the detector is set to the same value in AnaPocket.
  • Page 56 different colour to indicate your direction of travel, and your Current position is depicted by a square. The Map will be constantly updated to reflect your current position while the GPS is receiving valid fixes. A GPS fix will be saved in the GPS.ABG file every one or two seconds. The idea of the GPS Map is to help you navigate at night.
  • Page 57 In converting the GPS.ABG file you are actually creating a file of Track points. Track points are the GPS fixes with times recorded in the GPS.abg file showing the entire Track or route you took during your Active Monitoring session. The times associated with Track points indicate when you were at a particular location.
  • Page 58 wrong time for all the track points in the resulting file, but will not affect the appearance of the data. Click Run. A message will appear telling you how many track points were found. Click Close. 5. The converted file will be saved in the source folder with the GPS.abg file. If you selected GPS: GPSU or GPS: Excel the file will be named GPS_GPSU.txt or GPS_EXCEL.txt respectively.
  • Page 59 EditMove if Marked Command (or press Alt e, v). Selected the NoGPS folder and click OK to move all the AnaBat files missing GPS fixes into the NoGPS folder. b. Click ToolsAnaHead, browse to the NoGPS folder from the left pane, and make sure all the files in the folder are highlighted in the right pane.
  • Page 60 8. To map bat locations onto the Track open the relevant batpositions.txt file. Click RecordSelect All to select all the waypoints, RecordCopy Selected to copy them to the clipboard. Switch to the Bats.txt file and click View Waypoints. Click RecordPaste to paste all the waypoints into the Bats.txt file.
  • Page 61 12. To import an image into GPS Utility on which to map the Bats.txt file click FileLoad Bitmap Change „Files of type‟ to display „All files‟ and browse to the folder with the image you want to use. Select the file and click open. The image will be displayed with gridlines and the Bats.txt file map (Track with bat positions) overlaid.
  • Page 62 MAPPING TRACKS AND BATS WITH GOOGLE EARTH Google Earth offers a simple way to map bat positions onto an aerial photo or satellite map, depending on the coverage Google Earth offers for the region of relevance. To map your track and bats in Google Earth: 1.
  • Page 63 USING BLUETOOTH MODULES WITH THE SD2 AND PDA Bluetooth modules replace the need for cables to connect the SD2 and PDA when active monitoring. Bluetooth modules which have serial adapters such as the LM Technologies LM-048 and Roving Networks RN-240F Firefly are suitable for use with the AnaBat and connect via the serial port.
  • Page 64 Your PC will communicate with the LM-048 module via the serial port cable, while the USB cable only powers the LM-048. This is only necessary while you set up the LM-048 module using your PC as the serial port on PCs does not have the ability to supply power like the SD2.
  • Page 65 6. Give your LM-048 Bluetooth module a name and pass code in the ‘Device Name’ and ‘Pass code’ sections. This name will be displayed when you use the module to connect with your SD2 via PDA, and make it easier to identify the module. The default pass code is 1234.
  • Page 66 Roving Networks RN-270F / RN-240F Firefly Bluetooth Module (SD1 and SD2 compatible) Roving Networks RN-240F for SD2 or RN-270F for SD1 Firefly Bluetooth Module Note that the SD2 can supply power on pin 9 of its serial port and therefore the RN-240F can be powered up by a SD2 but a SD1 needs to use the RN-270F which has a battery compartment for 2 AAA batteries because it does not supply power on pin 9 of the serial port.
  • Page 67 The terminal program used in this manual is Tera Term 4.67. Tera Term 4.67 or a later version can be downloaded from: http://logmett.com/freeware/TeraTerm.php 5. In the Tera Term program ‘New Connection’ window select ‘Serial’  ‘Ok’ Take note of the serial port number displayed. 6.
  • Page 68 12. To display and check the settings on the Firefly module are correct type D For example: Item Setting Bluetooth address BTA = 00066601D788 Bluetooth name BTName = SD2 Baud rate Baudr t= 115K Parity Parity = None Mode Mode = Slav Authentication set? Authen = 0 Encryption set?
  • Page 69 2. Tap on ‘Start’  ‘Settings’  ‘Connections’  ‘Bluetooth’ 3. Select ‘Turn On’ The message „Bluetooth is ON‟ should appear. 4. Tap on the ‘Bluetooth manager’ link at the bottom of the screen. The Bluetooth manager lists any past Bluetooth connections. To create a new connection tap „New‟...
  • Page 70 6. A window will appear showing a list of available Bluetooth devices. Tap twice on your named device from the list of icons. 7. The PDA will retrieve a list of services provided by the Bluetooth device. Tap on the item that appears in the „Service Selection‟ box then tap ‟Next‟ ...
  • Page 71 9. Your PDA is now connected to the SD2 via the Bluetooth module. Green arrows should appear on your Bluetooth module the icon.
  • Page 72 10. Check everything is functioning correctly. Run AnaPocket, select record and connect to your Bluetooth COM port. If the connection is made then the SD2 will enter Record mode, indicated by the Record LED. Rub your fingers in front of the microphone; the data (noise) should be visible on the AnaPocket screen.
  • Page 73 VISUAL OBSERVATION TECHNIQUES FOR ACTIVE MONITORING Visual observations can assist the acoustic identification of bats as they provide a context in which to interpret the calls. Some groups of species which are difficult to distinguish acoustically are much easier visually, and vice versa.
  • Page 74 forward of the shoulders with the rest of the wing swept back, while the front edge of the wing may be straighter in others. It is important to realise that wing shape can also differ according to what the bat is doing. For example, a bat may bend the wing at the wrist to decrease wing area and increase wing loading and flight speed when gliding quickly, making the whole wing look more slender.
  • Page 75 2. Hold down the ‘MIC.’ button Speak at normal volume level. 3. Release button when finished TIPS FOR ACTIVE MONITORING Some of the tips listed in the Passive Monitoring section are also relevant for Active Monitoring, such as Calibration when using multiple units, and taking notes (or recording verbal comments) on the weather, habitat condition etc.
  • Page 76 DOWNLOADING DATA HOW TO DOWNLOAD DATA FROM THE CF CARD 1. Make sure the SD2 is off before removing the CF Card 2. Insert the CF card into the CF card reader/writer 3. Open the CFCread program 4. Click on ‘Choose Input File’ Select the appropriate drive and DATA.DAT file, click Open.
  • Page 77 6. Choose the relevant download options and click ‘OK’ A. ‘Split nights’: tick box to save separate nights of data as separate folders B. ‘Division Ratio’: now obsolete. The Data Division Ratio used during the monitoring session is automatically stored in the DATA.DAT file by the SD2 and noted in the status.txt file (see below).
  • Page 78 The default settings are appropriate for most bat call data and are recommended if you do not understand what these parameters will do to your data. For further details see „AUTOSAVE PARAMETERS‟ below. H. ‘ZCA files’: tick ‘Generate’ to download ZCA files ZCA files contain a whole night of data in one AnaBat file which can be viewed in AnalookW.
  • Page 79 11. Set or change ‘Start delayed till’ and or ‘Monitoring Begins and Ends at’ times 12. Click ‘Erase’ in the CFCread program window „Erase‟ will write set times to your CF card at the same time the DATA.DAT file is cleared. 13.
  • Page 80 vulnerable to noise, but larger values increase the likelihood of missing some types of short duration calls. MaxTBC (secs) This is simply the maximum time in seconds between the start of one call and the start of the next call. A file will only be saved if at least two calls are detected within the time set by MaxTBC.
  • Page 81 synchronised with the RTC once every minute. This allows Chris to plot the positions of bats in relation to detectors when data from multiple detectors is overlayed onto the one ZCA file. REPAIR OPTIONS FOR CORRUPT DATA.DAT FILES A number of other options are available in CFCread under „Repair‟ the menu bar which may help you fix corrupt DATA.DAT files.
  • Page 82 HOW TO DOWNLOAD DATA FROM THE PDA Bat calls saved to a PDA or external computer are saved as AnaBat sequence files and thus do not need to be downloaded using CFCread. You can connect your PDA to your PC and transfer the files directly via ActiveSync (XP) or Windows Mobile Device Centre (Vista or Windows7).
  • Page 83 „downloading‟ it again using CFCread. You can also „download‟ the data again with different auto save parameters if you need to.
  • Page 84 REAL TIME CLOCK An internal Real Time Clock (RTC) in the bat detector keeps track of the date and time and uses this information when bat call data is recorded (date and time file stamps). The RTC is powered by its own battery which lasts five years and is not accessible to the user.
  • Page 85 6. To CHECK the date and time click ‘Check’ under the Time section The status window will show the number of seconds the clock in the SD2 is faster or slower than the clock on your PC (usually this will only be a few tenths of a second unlike the example below).
  • Page 86 Failure to properly close the connection between the detector and the PC may cause incorrect time settings in the SD2. 9. Disconnect the bat detector from your PC...
  • Page 87 SD2 SERIAL NUMBERS AND FIRMWARE Firmware is the internal program which makes the SD2 work. There are two types. Firmware ending in „g‟ is for general use while firmware ending in „w‟ is used to run SD2s with GML1 remote download systems. Each SD2 unit also has a unique serial number.
  • Page 88 6. Click ‘Version’ to display the firmware version Appears in the status window Alternatively your most recent log file in the log directory of your CF card will have the firmware version written in it.
  • Page 89 WARNING: Disconnecting power or removing the CF card (unless advised to) from the SD2 during the firmware upgrade can cause the firmware to only load partially and the SD2 will need to be returned to Titley Scientific to be reprogrammed.
  • Page 90 Firmware upgrade progress as indicated by the LEDs LEDs Progress at each stage • AUDIO DIV 32 Battery voltage is OK • AUDIO DIV 16 The firmware.hax file has been found • AUDIO DIV 8 The firmware.hax file is valid and uncorrupted •...
  • Page 91 Flow diagram indicating each step in the firmware upgrades process.
  • Page 92 OVERVIEW OF OPERATING MODES The current mode of operation is always displayed by the LEDs on the front panel of the bat detector. The table below provides a quick guide to the operating modes indicated by the LEDs. A SUMMARY OF OPERATING MODES INDICATED BY LEDS Mode LEDs Forced...
  • Page 93 To switch between „Command‟ and „Record‟ modes when Active Monitoring, use AnaPocket on the PDA. FORCED COMMAND MODE STATUS LED lit „Forced Command‟ mode occurs when a CF card is installed and the RECORD/STANDBY button is pressed after turning on the detector. In „Forced Command‟...
  • Page 94 when AnaPocket is in record mode you can manually decide which calls to save by pressing the „SAVE‟ button on the SD2 (or Cal in SD1). Tap Rec  Record or Monitor in the AnaPocket menu. If either is selected the detector will enter „Record‟...
  • Page 95 In „Sleep‟ mode the bat detector is inactive and draws very little power until the „Delayed Start‟ date and time has lapsed, after which the detector will enter „Forced Record‟ mode and continue monitoring until switched off. „Sleep‟ mode will only be indicated by the LEDs on the front panel for ten seconds before the bat detector becomes inactive.
  • Page 96 TROUBLESHOOTING If something goes wrong during your sampling session and you had a CF card installed in the bat detector… Check the Log Files Each time the SD2 is turned on it creates a file in the log directory on the CF card (providing there is space;...
  • Page 97 example, if the detector is not put back into „Sleep‟ or „Standby‟ mode after pressing the RECORD/STANDBY button to adjust the sensitivity etc, it will not operate as programmed. The RECORD/STANDBY button may need to be pressed more than once in order to reach the required mode (see „OVERVIEW OF OPERATING MODES‟...
  • Page 98 format. Also check that the date and time on your bat detector match the date and time in your time zone (also using CFCread). The CF card is full When the CF card is full no more data can be saved during the sampling period.
  • Page 99 when Active Monitoring with a PDA. In this case make sure you have removed the CF card from the bat detector. If you do need to save data on the CF card then check you have inserted an initialised CF card into the CF card slot in the rear access panel of the detector.
  • Page 100 monitoring period, the loudspeaker and LEDs will remain disabled to save power and reduce the conspicuousness of the unit (see „OVERVIEW OF OPERATING MODES‟ for more information). Some Error messages in the CFCread program ‘Error- Bad Input File’ message The input file must be a DATA.DAT file. This error will also occur if there is corruption in the DATA.DAT file, such as a sector missing, and CFCread does not recognise the file as a DAT file ‘Non-sequential Sector Number’...
  • Page 101 Q. How does AnaBat differ from other bat detectors? A. Several different types of bat detector are available which use different types of sound analysis in order to process the bat calls and make them audible and or visible. The most commonly used techniques for processing bat calls are Heterodyne, Frequency Division and Time Expansion to make calls audible;...
  • Page 102 individual (as many bats will reduce the amplitude of their calls as they approach prey or clutter) and also vary between species. Species which always produce low amplitude calls („whispering bats‟) will be more difficult to detect from a distance than other species. In addition, bat calls of higher frequencies cannot be detected from as far as those of lower frequencies, as higher frequencies are absorbed by the atmosphere (attenuate) faster than lower frequencies.
  • Page 103 Normally, this would be set to 50. You could set it lower if you want only the best quality calls, or higher if you are willing to accept worse calls. But 50 seems a good compromise for most purposes. Min Line Length This parameter specifies the number of dots in sequence which must be smoothly connected for the signal to be considered a bat call.
  • Page 104 case the file would mostly be noise. The file will be cut off and saved when it gets to 32 KB in size.
  • Page 105 Titley AnaBat support forum for help, information and firmware upgrades www.titleysupport.com Chris Corben‟s website for upgrades & useful info www.hoarybat.com Titley Scientific website www.titley-scientific.com Zero-crossings and other sound analysis techniques Corben, C. (2002). Zero-crossings analysis for bat identification: an overview.
  • Page 106 O'Farrell, M. J. and Gannon, W. L. (1999). A comparison of acoustic versus capture techniques for the inventory of bats. Journal of Mammalogy 80, 24- Practical considerations and study design Gannon, W. L., Sherwin, R. E. and Haymond, S. (2003). On the importance of articulating assumptions when conducting acoustic studies of habitat use by bats.